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Oszajca M, Flejszar M, Szura A, Dróżdż P, Brindell M, Kurpiewska K. Exploring the coordination chemistry of ruthenium complexes with lysozymes: structural and in-solution studies. Front Chem 2024; 12:1371637. [PMID: 38638879 PMCID: PMC11024358 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1371637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive structural analysis of the adducts formed upon the reaction of two Ru(III) complexes [HIsq][trans-RuIIICl4(dmso)(Isq)] (1) and [H2Ind][trans-RuIIICl4(dmso)(HInd)] (2) (where HInd-indazole, Isq-isoquinoline, analogs of NAMI-A) and two Ru(II) complexes, cis-[RuCl2(dmso)4] (c) and trans-[RuCl2(dmso)4] (t), with hen-egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Additionally, the crystal structure of an adduct of human lysozyme (HL) with ruthenium complex, [H2Ind][trans-RuCl4(dmso)(HInd)] was solved. X-ray crystallographic data analysis revealed that all studied Ru complexes, regardless of coordination surroundings and metal center charge, coordinate to the same amino acids (His15, Arg14, and Asp101) of HEWL, losing most of their original ligands. In the case of the 2-HL adduct, two distinct metalation sites: (i) Arg107, Arg113 and (ii) Gln127, Gln129, were identified. Crystallographic data were supported by studies of the interaction of 1 and 2 with HEWL in an aqueous solution. Hydrolytic stability studies revealed that both complexes 1 and 2 liberate the N-heterocyclic ligand under crystallization-like conditions (pH 4.5) as well as under physiological pH conditions, and this process is not significantly affected by the presence of HEWL. A comparative examination of nine crystal structures of Ru complexes with lysozyme, obtained through soaking and co-crystallization experiments, together with in-solution studies of the interaction between 1 and 2 with HEWL, indicates that the hydrolytic release of the N-heterocyclic ligand is one of the critical factors in the interaction between Ru complexes and lysozyme. This understanding is crucial in shedding light on the tendency of Ru complexes to target diverse metalation sites during the formation and in the final forms of the adducts with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oszajca
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Flejszar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Szura
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Dróżdż
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Brindell
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Adhikari S, Nath P, Das A, Datta A, Baildya N, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. A review on metal complexes and its anti-cancer activities: Recent updates from in vivo studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116211. [PMID: 38290253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into cancer therapeutics has uncovered various potential medications based on metal-containing scaffolds after the discovery and clinical applications of cisplatin as an anti-cancer agent. This has resulted in many metallodrugs that can be put into medical applications. These metallodrugs have a wider variety of functions and mechanisms of action than pure organic molecules. Although platinum-based medicines are very efficient anti-cancer agents, they are often accompanied by significant side effects and toxicity and are limited by resistance. Some of the most studied and developed alternatives to platinum-based anti-cancer medications include metallodrugs based on ruthenium, gold, copper, iridium, and osmium, which showed effectiveness against many cancer cell lines. These metal-based medicines represent an exciting new category of potential cancer treatments and sparked a renewed interest in the search for effective anti-cancer therapies. Despite the widespread development of metal complexes touted as powerful and promising in vitro anti-cancer therapeutics, only a small percentage of these compounds have shown their worth in vivo models. Metallodrugs, which are more effective and less toxic than platinum-based drugs and can treat drug-resistant cancer cells, are the focus of this review. Here, we highlighted some of the most recently developed Pt, Ru, Au, Cu, Ir, and Os complexes that have shown significant in vivo antitumor properties between 2017 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree Collage, Dharmanagar, Tripura (N) 799253, India.
| | - Priyatosh Nath
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, West Tripura 799022, India
| | - Alakesh Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Abhijit Datta
- Department of Botany, Ambedkar College, Fatikroy, Unakoti 799290, Tripura, India
| | - Nabajyoti Baildya
- Department of Chemistry, Milki High School, Milki, Malda 732209, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
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3
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Prajith NU, Priyanka PV, Alexander V. Synthesis, characterization, photophysical, lipophilicity, and in vitro fluorescence studies of mono-, di-, and trinuclear Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes of pyridinyl benzimidazole derivatives. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:357-372. [PMID: 35262796 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(bpy)2(py-BIm-Bz)](ClO4)2 (1) and [Ru(phen)2(py-BIm-Bz)](ClO4)2 (2), dinuclear complexes [(bpy)2Ru-μ2-(py-BIm-Xy)-Ru(bpy)2](ClO4)4 (3) and [(phen)2Ru-μ2-(py-BIm-Xy)-Ru(phen)2](ClO4)4 (4), and trinuclear complexes [((bpy)2Ru)3-μ3-(py-BIm-Ms)](ClO4)6 (5) and [((phen)2Ru)3-μ3-(py-BIm-Ms)](ClO4)6 (6) of pyridinyl benzimidazole ligands with 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline ancillary ligands as fluorescent imaging probes are reported. The ligand py-BIm-Bz crystallizes with inherent disorder due to the competing π-π interactions between two (2-pyridinyl)benzimidazole moieties aligned in parallel and in the opposite direction. The complex 2 forms non-merohedrally twinned crystal with the twin law matrix [0.259 -0.776 0.741, 0.000 -1.000 0.000, 1.259 -0.776 -0.259] and a batch scale factor (BASF) of 0.05. The electronic absorption spectra of the complexes 1-6 differ typically in the π-π* transitions of the ancillary ligands. The complexes exhibit orange-red fluorescence at 624-634 nm at room temperature with quantum yield (0.096 - 0.117) higher than that of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and a hypsochromic shift of the emission maxima in frozen acetonitrile (λem = 613-628 nm) due to the rigidochromic effect. The excited state lifetime of these complexes are in the range 72-194 ns with the mononuclear complexes exhibiting the highest values. The complexes 1-6 are nontoxic (IC50 > 275 μM) toward both HeLa and Vero cell lines. They are hydrophilic and the logPo/w values are in the -0.53 to -1.46 range. The confocal microscopic study of cellular localization of the complexes on the HeLa cells co-stained with the nuclear staining DAPI dye shows their localization in the cytoplasm and the nuclear membrane penetration increases with nuclearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N U Prajith
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India
| | - P V Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India
| | - V Alexander
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India.
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Lima M, Marchi RC, Cardoso C, Cook N, Pazin W, Kock F, Venancio T, Martí A, Carlos RM. Bidentate Coordination of 2Apy in cis‐[Ru(phen)2(2Apy)]2+ Aiming at Photobiological Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Lima
- IFPI: Instituto Federal de Educacao Ciencia e Tecnologia do Piaui Chemistry BRAZIL
| | | | - Carolina Cardoso
- Instituto Federal de Educacao Ciencia e Tecnologia de Sao Paulo chemistry BRAZIL
| | | | | | - Flavio Kock
- UFSCar: Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Chemistry BRAZIL
| | - Tiago Venancio
- UFSCar: Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Chemistry BRAZIL
| | | | - Rose Maria Carlos
- Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Química Rod Washington Luis Km 235 13565-905 São Carlos-SP BRAZIL
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5
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Yang J, Shi Z, Wang W, Yang B, Gao C. Phosphorescent platinum (II), iridium (III) and ruthenium (II) complexes with monodentate imidazole ligands respond to the reductive microenvironment of living cells. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Structural, thermal, electronic, vibrational, magnetic, and cytotoxic properties of chloro(glycinato-N,O)(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N')‑copper(II) trihydrate coordination complex. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111658. [PMID: 34781206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloro(glycinato-N,O)(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N')‑copper(II) trihydrate complex was synthesized through the slow evaporation method. The crystal's structural, thermal, magnetic, and vibrational properties were obtained by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermal analyses, magnetization, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. XRPD results showed that the crystalline complex belongs to a monoclinic system (P21/n). Thermal analyses revealed that around 333 K, the material undergoes a thermodynamically irreversible process. Magnetic data showed a paramagnetic behavior with weak ferromagnetic interactions. Moreover, all the Raman- and infrared-active bands were assigned from computational calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) to analyze intra-molecular vibrational modes. In addition, the cytotoxic assay on colorectal cancer cells was performed to evaluate the antitumor activity of this ternary compound. Therefore, the antineoplastic activity of [Cu(1,10-phenanthroline)(glycine)Cl]•3H2O complex in HCT-116 cells was confirmed, showing a potent cytotoxic effect.
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Almeida MP, Kock FVC, de Jesus HCR, Carlos RM, Venâncio T. Probing the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of a novel Ru(II) polypyridyl complex and the supramolecular interaction by (STD)-NMR. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111560. [PMID: 34399231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the only anti-Alzheimer drugs commercially available. Despite their wide use those drugs are all dose dependent and their effect last for no longer than two years, with several side effects. The search of novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors remains as the main scientific route. Here we describe the synthesis, characterization, biological activity and an NMR binding-target study of a novel cis-[Ru(Bpy)2(EtPy)2]2+, (RuEtPy), Bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and EtPy = 4,2-Ethylamino-pyridine) as a potential AChE inhibitor. The classic Ellman's colorimetric assay suggests that the RuEtPy exhibits a high inhibitory activity, following a competitive mechanism, with a remarkable low inhibition constant (Ki ≈ 16.8 μM), together with a IC50 = 39 μM. Hence, we have studied the spatial interactions for this novel candidate towards the human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) using saturation transfer difference (STD)-NMR, in order to describe the mechanism of the interaction. NMR binding-target results shows that the 4,2-Ethylamino-Pyridine group is spatially closer to hAChE surface chemical arrangement than 2,2' bipyridine counterpart, exerting an efficient intermolecular interaction, with a low dissociation constant (KD ≈ 55 μM), probing that 4,2-Ethylamino-pyridine motif plays a key role in the inhibitory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon P Almeida
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio V C Kock
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo C R de Jesus
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Centre, 4.420 Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rose M Carlos
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Venâncio
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Algar WR, Massey M, Rees K, Higgins R, Krause KD, Darwish GH, Peveler WJ, Xiao Z, Tsai HY, Gupta R, Lix K, Tran MV, Kim H. Photoluminescent Nanoparticles for Chemical and Biological Analysis and Imaging. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9243-9358. [PMID: 34282906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research related to the development and application of luminescent nanoparticles (LNPs) for chemical and biological analysis and imaging is flourishing. Novel materials and new applications continue to be reported after two decades of research. This review provides a comprehensive and heuristic overview of this field. It is targeted to both newcomers and experts who are interested in a critical assessment of LNP materials, their properties, strengths and weaknesses, and prospective applications. Numerous LNP materials are cataloged by fundamental descriptions of their chemical identities and physical morphology, quantitative photoluminescence (PL) properties, PL mechanisms, and surface chemistry. These materials include various semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, carbon dots, nanodiamonds, luminescent metal nanoclusters, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles and downshifting nanoparticles, triplet-triplet annihilation nanoparticles, persistent-luminescence nanoparticles, conjugated polymer nanoparticles and semiconducting polymer dots, multi-nanoparticle assemblies, and doped and labeled nanoparticles, including but not limited to those based on polymers and silica. As an exercise in the critical assessment of LNP properties, these materials are ranked by several application-related functional criteria. Additional sections highlight recent examples of advances in chemical and biological analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and cellular, tissue, and in vivo imaging and theranostics. These examples are drawn from the recent literature and organized by both LNP material and the particular properties that are leveraged to an advantage. Finally, a perspective on what comes next for the field is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Melissa Massey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelly Rees
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rehan Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine D Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Zhujun Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hsin-Yun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hyungki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Tan CP, Zhong YM, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Phosphorescent metal complexes as theranostic anticancer agents: combining imaging and therapy in a single molecule. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2357-2367. [PMID: 34164000 PMCID: PMC8179279 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescent metal complexes are a new kind of multifunctional antitumor compounds that can integrate imaging and antitumor functions in a single molecule. In this minireview, we summarize the recent research progress in this field, concentrating on the theranostic applications of phosphorescent iridium(iii), ruthenium(ii) and rhenium(i) complexes. The molecular design that affords these complexes with tumour- or subcellular organelle-targeting properties is elucidated. The potential of these complexes to induce and monitor the dynamic behavior of subcellular organelles and the changes in microenvironment during the process of therapy is demonstrated. Moreover, the potential and advantages of applying new technologies, such as super-resolution imaging and phosphorescence lifetime imaging, are also described. Finally, the challenges faced in the development of novel theranostic metallo-anticancer complexes for possible clinical translation are proposed. The recent development in phosphorescent iridium, ruthenium and rhenium complexes as theranostic anticancer agents is summarized.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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P. K. A, Paira P. Ruthenium( ii) p-cymene complexes of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde and 2-amino benzothiazole-based ligands: cytoselective and in vitro live cell imaging agents. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04137h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of DNA targeting, highly cytoselective, luminescent Ru(ii)–arene complexes was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja P. K.
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
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Lee SY, Kim CY, Nam TG. Ruthenium Complexes as Anticancer Agents: A Brief History and Perspectives. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:5375-5392. [PMID: 33299303 PMCID: PMC7721113 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s275007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum (Pt)-based anticancer drugs such as cisplatin have been used to treat various cancers. However, they have some limitations including poor selectivity and toxicity towards normal cells and increasing chemoresistance. Therefore, there is a need for novel metallo-anticancers, which has not been met for decades. Since the initial introduction of ruthenium (Ru) polypyridyl complex, a number of attempts at structural evolution have been conducted to improve efficacy. Among them, half-sandwich Ru-arene complexes have been the most prominent as an anticancer platform. Such complexes have clearly shown superior anticancer profiles such as increased selectivity toward cancer cells and ameliorating toxicity against normal cells compared to existing Pt-based anticancers. Currently, several Ru complexes are under human clinical trials. For improvement in selectivity and toxicity associated with chemotherapy, Ru complexes as photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), which can selectively activate prodrug moieties in a specific region, have also been investigated. With all these studies on these interesting entities, new metallo-anticancer drugs to at least partially replace existing Pt-based anticancers are anticipated. This review covers a brief description of Ru-based anticancer complexes and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeul Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do15588, Republic of Korea
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Wu C, Wu KJ, Liu JB, Wang W, Leung CH, Ma DL. Structure-guided discovery of a luminescent theranostic toolkit for living cancer cells and the imaging behavior effect. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11404-11412. [PMID: 34094382 PMCID: PMC8162881 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04576d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-functional theranostics are powerful tools that can allow for the in-field understanding of cancer pathology, yet their use is held back by the paucity of suitable theranostics for living systems. Moreover, typical in vitro screening conditions for probe molecules do not necessarily generate candidates that can function effectively in the natural in cellulo environment, limiting their follow-up use in living systems. We introduce herein a general strategy for the development of an iridium(iii) theranostic by grafting a well-known inhibitor as a "binding unit" onto an iridium(iii) complex precursor as a "signaling unit". To further optimize their emissive properties, we explored the effect of imaging behavior by incorporating different substituents onto the parental "signaling unit". This design concept was validated by a series of tailored iridium(iii) theranostics 2a-2h for the visualization and inhibition of EGFR in living cancer cells. By comprehensively assessing the theranostic potency of 2a-2h in both in vitro and in cellulo contexts, probe 2f containing electron-donating methoxy groups on the "signaling unit" was discovered to be the most promising candidate theranostic with desirable photophysical/chemical properties. Probe 2f selectively bound to EGFR in vitro and in cellulo, enabling it to selectively discriminate living EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells from normal cells that express low levels of EGFR with an "always-on" luminescence signal output. In particular, its long-lived lifetime enabled its luminescence signal to be readily distinguished from the interfering fluorescence of organic dyes by using time-resolved techniques. Complex 2f simultaneously visualized and inhibited EGFR in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a reduction in the phosphorylation of downstream proteins ERK and MEK, and inhibition of the activity of downstream transcription factor AP1. Notably, complex 2f is comparable to the parental EGFR inhibitor 1b, in terms of both inhibitory activity against EGFR and cytotoxicity against EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells. This tailored dual-functional iridium(iii) theranostic toolkit provides an alternative strategy for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077
| | - Ke-Jia Wu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau Taipa Macau SAR 999078
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau Taipa Macau SAR 999078
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077
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Luminescent anticancer Ru(II)-arenebipyridine and phenanthroline complexes: Synthesis, characterization, DFT studies, biological interactions and cellular imaging application. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 208:111099. [PMID: 32460056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium(II)-arene complexes of several bipyridine and phenanthroline derivatives have been synthesized by employing a green and efficient protocol involving water as a solvent under sonication. The structures of all the complexes were elucidated by the spectroscopic analysis. The geometry of the chlorido and PTA (1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) complexes were further confirmed by DFT and single crystal XRD. The stability study in various solvents, specifically in the intracellular one was conducted. Most of the compounds exhibited significant potency and selectivity against MCF7 and HeLa cell lines with respect to normal HEK-293 cells compared to cisplatin and RAPTA-C (Ruthenium(II)-arene PTA complex). Complex [(η6-hexamethylbenzene)RuCl(κ2-N,N-4,4'-di-n-nonyl-2,2'-bpy)]Cl (3e) presented best anticancer profiles against all the human cancer cells. Interestingly, few complexes turned up to be highly fluorescent depicted by the quantum yield values. Remarkably, [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl(κ2-N,N-bpy)]Cl (3i) was identified as most significant anticancer theranostic agent interms of potency, selectivity and fluorescence quantum yield. This complex also represented itself as significant cellular imaging agent in live U-87 MG cells which was monitored by confocal microscope. Absorption and emission spectral studies of bypyridine and phenanthroline complex series revealed that the complexes interacted with calf thymus DNA through groove binding as well as intercalative mode. In addition to this, strong binding efficacy of these scaffolds wih BSA (Bovin Serum Albumin) also enhanced their transportation property inside the cells.
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Alves de Souza CE, Pires ADRA, Cardoso CR, Carlos RM, Cadena SMSC, Acco A. Antineoplastic activity of a novel ruthenium complex against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03862. [PMID: 32405548 PMCID: PMC7210510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel metal complexes have received much attention recently because of their potential anticancer activity. Notably, ruthenium-based complexes have emerged as good alternatives to the currently used platinum-based drugs for cancer therapy, with less toxicity and fewer side effects. The beneficial properties of Ru, which make it a highly promising therapeutic agent, include its variable oxidative states, low toxicity, and high selectivity for cancer cells. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of a ruthenium complex, namely cis-[Ru(1,10-phenanthroline)2(imidazole)2]2+ (RuC), on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells and analyzed metabolic parameters. RuC reduced HepG2 and HeLa cell viability at all tested concentrations (10, 50, and 100 nmol/L) at 48 h of incubation, based on the MTT, Crystal violet, and neutral red assays. The proliferation capacity of HepG2 cells did not recover, whereas HeLa cell proliferation partially recovered after RuC treatment. RuC also inhibited all states of cell respiration and increased the levels of the metabolites pyruvate and lactate in both cell lines. The cytotoxicity of RuC was higher than cisplatin (positive control) in both lineages. These results indicate that RuC affects metabolic functions that are related to the energy provision and viability of HepG2 and HeLa cells and is a promising candidate for further investigations that utilize models of human cervical adenocarcinoma and mainly hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rose Maria Carlos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal São Carlos University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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15
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Mazuryk O, Gajda-Morszewski P, Brindell M. Versatile Impact of Serum Proteins on Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Properties - Opportunities and Obstacles. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 20:1052-1059. [PMID: 31092177 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190513090851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes have been extensively studied for the past few decades as promising anticancer agents. Despite the expected intravenous route of administration, the interaction between Ru(II) polypyridyl compounds and serum proteins is not well characterized and vast majority of the available literature data concerns determination of the binding constant. Ru-protein adducts can modify the biological effects of the Ru complexes influencing their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity as well as introduce significant changes in their photophysical properties. More extensive research on the interaction between serum proteins and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes is important for further development of Ru(II) polypyridyl compounds towards their application in anticancer therapy and diagnostics and can open new opportunities for already developed complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mazuryk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30- 387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Gajda-Morszewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30- 387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Brindell
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30- 387, Krakow, Poland
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16
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Dos Santos WB, Amorim KAE, Galvão AD, Moraes FT, Fortaleza DB, Pavanin LA. Photochemical Properties of trans-[Ru(NH 3 ) 4 (bpa)(L)] 2+ (L = py, isn, 4-acpy or 4-pic). Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1306-1310. [PMID: 31230351 DOI: 10.1111/php.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions of ruthenium (II) complexes of type trans-[Ru(NH3 )4 LL']2+ , where L is a nitrogenous heterocyclic ligand, pyridine (py), isonicotinamide (isn), 4-acetylpyridine (4-acpy) or 4-picoline (4-pic), and L´ is a 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpa) ligand, were studied with the purpose of evaluating the ligand exchange when, in solution, the complexes are irradiated at the wavelengths of 365, 436, 480 and 519 nm. The study revealed that at lower wavelengths, a labilization process is observed for py and 4-pic ligands, even at low quantum yields, indicating the dependence of the photolabeling process on the wavelength. The study also reveals that for the filters of greater wavelength, the processes of photolabilization do not occur for any of the studied complexes. The study also shows that there are no photolization processes for the complexes obtained with the isn and 4-acpy ligands, and it is therefore possible to classify them as nonreactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Batista Dos Santos
- Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Dourado Galvão
- Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Tarso Moraes
- Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Dario Batista Fortaleza
- Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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17
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de Campos IAS, dos Santos ER, Sellani TA, Herbozo CCA, Rodrigues EG, Roveda AC, Pazin WM, Ito AS, Santana VT, Nascimento OR, Carlos RM. Influence of the Medium on the Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of [Ru(phen) 2
(pPDIp)] 2+. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Ap. S. de Campos
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Rodovia Washington Luís, s/n São Carlos- SP Brazil
| | - Edjane R. dos Santos
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Rodovia Washington Luís, s/n São Carlos- SP Brazil
| | - Tarciso Almeida Sellani
- Departamento de Microbiologia; Immunologia e Parasitologia; Escola Paulista de Medicina; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP); R. Botucatu 862, 8° andarVila Clementino São Paulo - SP Brazil
| | - Carolina C. A. Herbozo
- Departamento de Microbiologia; Immunologia e Parasitologia; Escola Paulista de Medicina; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP); R. Botucatu 862, 8° andarVila Clementino São Paulo - SP Brazil
| | - Elaine G. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia; Immunologia e Parasitologia; Escola Paulista de Medicina; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP); R. Botucatu 862, 8° andarVila Clementino São Paulo - SP Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Roveda
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Av. Trab. São-Carlense, 400Parque Arnold Schimidt São Carlos - SP Brazil
| | - Wallance M. Pazin
- Departamento de Física; Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP); Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305 Presidente Prudente - SP Brazil
| | - Amando S. Ito
- Departamento de Física - FFLRP/USP; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto - SP Brazil
| | - Vinicius T. Santana
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Av. Trab. São-Carlense, 400 - Parque Arnold Schimidt São Carlos- SP Brazil
| | - Otaciro R. Nascimento
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Av. Trab. São-Carlense, 400 - Parque Arnold Schimidt São Carlos- SP Brazil
| | - Rose M. Carlos
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Rodovia Washington Luís, s/n São Carlos- SP Brazil
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18
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Mahmoud WH, Mahmoud NF, Mohamed GG. Synthesis, characterization, density functional theory, X-ray study, thermal stability, and biological and MOE relevance of metal complexes of griseofulvin. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa H. Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Nessma F. Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Gehad G. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
- Egypt Nanotechnology Center; Cairo University; El-Sheikh Zayed 12588 Egypt
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19
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Radhakrishnan R, Sreejalekshmi KG. Computational Design, Synthesis, and Structure Property Evaluation of 1,3-Thiazole-Based Color-Tunable Multi-heterocyclic Small Organic Fluorophores as Multifunctional Molecular Materials. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3453-3466. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala Post, Thiruvananthapuram 695 547, India
| | - K. G. Sreejalekshmi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala Post, Thiruvananthapuram 695 547, India
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20
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Zeng L, Gupta P, Chen Y, Wang E, Ji L, Chao H, Chen ZS. The development of anticancer ruthenium(ii) complexes: from single molecule compounds to nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5771-5804. [PMID: 28654103 PMCID: PMC5624840 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is rapidly becoming the top killer in the world. Most of the FDA approved anticancer drugs are organic molecules, while metallodrugs are very scarce. The advent of the first metal based therapeutic agent, cisplatin, launched a new era in the application of transition metal complexes for therapeutic design. Due to their unique and versatile biochemical properties, ruthenium-based compounds have emerged as promising anti-cancer agents that serve as alternatives to cisplatin and its derivertives. Ruthenium(iii) complexes have successfully been used in clinical research and their mechanisms of anticancer action have been reported in large volumes over the past few decades. Ruthenium(ii) complexes have also attracted significant attention as anticancer candidates; however, only a few of them have been reported comprehensively. In this review, we discuss the development of ruthenium(ii) complexes as anticancer candidates and biocatalysts, including arene ruthenium complexes, polypyridyl ruthenium complexes, and ruthenium nanomaterial complexes. This review focuses on the likely mechanisms of action of ruthenium(ii)-based anticancer drugs and the relationship between their chemical structures and biological properties. This review also highlights the catalytic activity and the photoinduced activation of ruthenium(ii) complexes, their targeted delivery, and their activity in nanomaterial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leli Zeng
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA.
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21
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Liu XW, Xiao Y, Zhang SB, Lu JL. A selective luminescent sensor for the detection of copper (II) ions based on a ruthenium complex containing DPA moiety. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Alves de Souza CE, Alves de Souza HDM, Stipp MC, Corso CR, Galindo CM, Cardoso CR, Dittrich RL, de Souza Ramos EA, Klassen G, Carlos RM, Correia Cadena SMS, Acco A. Ruthenium complex exerts antineoplastic effects that are mediated by oxidative stress without inducing toxicity in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2017. [PMID: 28629835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the in vivo antitumor effects and toxicity of a new Ru(II) compound, cis-(Ru[phen]2[ImH]2)2+ (also called RuphenImH [RuC]), against Walker-256 carcinosarcoma in rats. After subcutaneous inoculation of Walker-256 cells in the right pelvic limb, male Wistar rats received 5 or 10mgkg-1 RuC orally or intraperitoneally (i.p.) every 3 days for 13 days. A positive control group (2mgkg-1 cisplatin) and negative control group (vehicle) were also used. Tumor progression was checked daily. After treatment, tumor weight, plasma biochemistry, hematology, oxidative stress, histology, and tumor cell respiration were evaluated. RuC was effective against tumors when administered i.p. but not orally. The highest i.p. dose of RuC (10mgkg-1) significantly reduced tumor volume and weight, induced oxidative stress in tumor tissue, reduced the respiration of tumor cells, and induced necrosis but did not induce apoptosis in the tumor. No clinical signs of toxicity or death were observed in tumor-bearing or healthy rats that were treated with RuC. These results suggest that RuC has antitumor activity through the modulation of oxidative stress and impairment of oxidative phosphorylation, thus promoting Walker-256 cell death without causing systemic toxicity. These effects make RuC a promising anticancer drug for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudia Rita Corso
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Giseli Klassen
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rose Maria Carlos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal São Carlos University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
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23
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Jayanthi E, Venkataramana M, Neethu S, Bhuvanesh N, Dharmaraj N. Biomolecular interaction and in vitro cytotoxicity of ruthenium complexes containing heterocyclic hydrazone. Is methanol a non-innocent solvent to influence the oxidation state of the metal and ligation of hydrazone? Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Heteroleptic tris-chelate ruthenium(II) complexes of N,N-disubstituted-N′-acylthioureas: Synthesis, structural studies, cytotoxic activity and confocal microscopy studies. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Elnaggar MA, Subbiah R, Han DK, Joung YK. Lipid-based carriers for controlled delivery of nitric oxide. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:1341-1353. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1285904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Elnaggar
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Subbiah
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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26
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Gao M, Yu F, Lv C, Choo J, Chen L. Fluorescent chemical probes for accurate tumor diagnosis and targeting therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2237-2271. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on small molecular ligand-targeted fluorescent imaging probes and fluorescent theranostics, including their design strategies and applications in clinical tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
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27
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Notaro A, Gasser G. Monomeric and dimeric coordinatively saturated and substitutionally inert Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes as anticancer drug candidates. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:7317-7337. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric and dimeric coordinatively saturated and substitutionally inert Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes with anticancer properties are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Notaro
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL Research University
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology
- F-75005 Paris
- France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL Research University
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology
- F-75005 Paris
- France
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28
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Dutta D, Alex SM, Bobba KN, Maiti KK, Bhuniya S. New Insight into a Cancer Theranostic Probe: Efficient Cell-Specific Delivery of SN-38 Guided by Biotinylated Poly(vinyl alcohol). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33430-33438. [PMID: 27960424 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An optically modulated "turn-on" theranostic prodrug TP1 has been explored and formulated with biotinylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (biotinPVA) to obtain desired pharmacokinetics. TP1, consisting of the antineoplastic camptothecin analogue SN-38, and the fluorescent dye rhodol green have been covalently conjugated through a disulfide bond. Glutathione triggering the release of drug and fluorophore has been well established by UV-vis measurements through mass spectral analysis in physiological conditions. The biocompatible biotinPVA formulated prodrug (PTP1) showed remarkably higher stability against blood serum and cell-specific activation in contrast to that of TP1. Significantly, PTP1 permits monitoring of the delivery and release of well-known topoisomerase I inhibitor SN-38 by modulating fluorescence signal at λem 550 nm within intracellular milieus. Moreover, theranostic probe PTP1 exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against receptor-positive HeLa cells, whereas it did not show such an effect against receptor-negative NIH3T3 cells. Finally, the cell-specific antiproliferative activity of PTP1 via the apoptotic pathway is an efficient approach in cancer theranostics. Thus, futuristic PTP1 could be a promising agent in which diagnostic and prognostic data will be monitored synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dutta
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research and Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita University , Coimbatore 64112, India
| | - Susan M Alex
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research and Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita University , Coimbatore 64112, India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR, CSIR-NIIST , Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research and Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita University , Coimbatore 64112, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita University , Coimbatore 641112, India
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29
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Chen L, Fu C, Deng Y, Wu W, Fu A. A pH-Sensitive Nanocarrier for Tumor Targeting : Delivery of Ruthenium Complex for Tumor Theranostic by pH-Sensitive Nanocapsule. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2989-2998. [PMID: 27590630 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ruthenium complex is a potentially theranostic agent for cancer imaging and therapy, however its application is limited due to poor water-solubility and lack of tumor selectivity. To overcome the above drawbacks, pH-sensitive nanocapsule as a novel targeting carrier was designed to deliver ruthenium complex for treating xenograft tumor of mice. METHODS The core/shell structured nanocapsule with ruthenium complex tris(1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) complex (3P-Ru) as the core and a pH-sensitive polymeric material poly (2-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) (PbPS) as the shell was synthesized and characterized. Meanwhile, the nanocapsule was used to investigate cell viability and evaluate tissue distribution as well as preventing tumor growth efficacy in U251 stem cells tumor-bearing mouse model. RESULTS The nanocapsule had a size of 103.1 ± 11.3 nm, zeta potential of -40 ± 5.3 mV, EE of 76.7 ± 0.9%, LE of 25.4 ± 0.6% and it could control drug release under different pH conditions. The results of cell uptake showed that the fluorescent 3P-Ru loaded in the nanocapsule could be delivered into cells with high efficiency, and then significantly inhibited U251 proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. After U251 stem cells were transplanted subcutaneously into mice, the 3P-Ru/PbPS nanocapsule (PbPS-Ru-NC) via intravenous administration could concentrate in tumor area and obviously prevent tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The pH-sensitive nanocapsule as a antitumor agent carrier was able to effectively deliver 3P-Ru into gliomas cells, and cell growth was significantly inhibited both in vitro and in vivo. Such pH-sensitive nanocapsule for ruthenium complex delivery would have great potential application in tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chen Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yajun Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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30
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Karaoun N, Renfrew AK. A luminescent ruthenium(II) complex for light-triggered drug release and live cell imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:14038-41. [PMID: 26248575 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel ruthenium(II) complex for selective release of the imidazole-based drug econazole. While the complex is highly stable and luminescent in the dark, irradiation with green light induces release of one of the econazole ligands, which is accompanied by a turn-off luminescence response and up to a 34-fold increase in cytotoxicity towards tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Karaoun
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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31
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Chow MJ, Babak MV, Wong DYQ, Pastorin G, Gaiddon C, Ang WH. Structural Determinants of p53-Independence in Anticancer Ruthenium-Arene Schiff-Base Complexes. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2543-54. [PMID: 27174050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
p53 is a key tumor suppressor gene involved in key cellular processes and implicated in cancer therapy. However, it is inactivated in more than 50% of all cancers due to mutation or overexpression of its negative regulators. This leads to drug resistance and poor chemotherapeutic outcome as most clinical drugs act via a p53-dependent mechanism of action. An attractive strategy to circumvent this resistance would be to identify new anticancer drugs that act via p53-independent mode of action. In the present study, we identified 9 Ru (II)-Arene Schiff-base (RAS) complexes able to induce p53-independent cytotoxicity and discuss structural features that are required for their p53-independent activity. Increasing hydrophobicity led to an increase in cellular accumulation in cells with a corresponding increase in efficacy. We further showed that all nine complexes demonstrated p53-independent activity. This was despite significant differences in their physicochemical properties, suggesting that the iminoquinoline ligand, a common structural feature for all the complexes, is required for the p53-independent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Juinn Chow
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore
| | - Maria V Babak
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Daniel Yuan Qiang Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- U1113 INSERM, 3 Avenue Molière, Strasbourg 67200, France.,Oncology Section, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg , F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore
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Jarenmark M, Carlström G, Fredin LA, Hedberg Wallenstein J, Doverbratt I, Abrahamsson M, Persson P. Diastereomerization Dynamics of a Bistridentate RuII Complex. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3015-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joachim Hedberg Wallenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Abrahamsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhai X, Bao G, Wang L, Cheng M, Zhao M, Zhao S, Zhou H, Gong P. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-phenoxy-6,7-disubstituted quinolines possessing (thio)semicarbazones as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1331-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Binding interaction, conformational change, and molecular docking study of N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)aniline derivatives and carbazole Ru(II) complexes with human serum albumins. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen ZF, Qin QP, Qin JL, Zhou J, Li YL, Li N, Liu YC, Liang H. Water-Soluble Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Chiral 4-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-formamide Oxoaporphine (FOA): In Vitro and in Vivo Anticancer Activity by Stabilization of G-Quadruplex DNA, Inhibition of Telomerase Activity, and Induction of Tumor Cell Apoptosis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4771-89. [PMID: 25988535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three water-soluble ruthenium(II) complexes with chiral 4-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-formamide oxoaporphine (FOA) were synthesized and characterized. It was found that these ruthenium(II) complexes exhibited considerable in vitro anticancer activities and that they were the effective stabilizers of telomeric and G-quadruplex-DNA (G4-DNA) in promoter of c-myc, which acted as a telomerase inhibitor targeting G4-DNA and induced cell senescence and apoptosis. Interestingly, the in vitro anticancer activity of 6 (LC-003) was higher than those of 4 (LC-001) and 5 (LC-002), more selective for BEL-7404 cells than for normal HL-7702 cells, and preferred to activate caspases-3/9. The different biological behaviors of the ruthenium complexes could be correlated with the chiral nature of 4-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-formamide oxoaporphine. More significantly, 6 exhibited effective inhibitory on tumor growth in BEL-7402 xenograft mouse model and higher in vivo safety than cisplatin. These mechanistic insights indicate that 6 displays low toxicity and can be a novel anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Lan Qin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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Ramu V, Gill MR, Jarman PJ, Turton D, Thomas JA, Das A, Smythe C. A Cytostatic Ruthenium(II)-Platinum(II) Bis(terpyridyl) Anticancer Complex That Blocks Entry into S Phase by Up-regulating p27KIP1. Chemistry 2015; 21:9185-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kumar R, Shin WS, Sunwoo K, Kim WY, Koo S, Bhuniya S, Kim JS. Small conjugate-based theranostic agents: an encouraging approach for cancer therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6670-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review the latest developments on small conjugate based theranostic agents for tumor treatment and diagnosis using fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Weon Sup Shin
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Kyoung Sunwoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Coimbatore
- India
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
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Kuhn PS, Büchel GE, Jovanović KK, Filipović L, Radulović S, Rapta P, Arion VB. Osmium(III) analogues of KP1019: electrochemical and chemical synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, X-ray crystallography, hydrolytic stability, and antiproliferative activity. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11130-9. [PMID: 25290960 DOI: 10.1021/ic501710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A one-electron reduction of osmium(IV) complexes trans-[Os(IV)Cl4(Hazole)2], where Hazole = 1H-pyrazole ([1](0)), 2H-indazole ([2](0)), 1H-imidazole ([3](0)), and 1H-benzimidazole ([4](0)), afforded a series of eight new complexes as osmium analogues of KP1019, a lead anticancer drug in clinical trials, with the general formula (cation)[trans-Os(III)Cl4(Hazole)2], where cation = H2pz(+) (H2pz[1]), H2ind(+) (H2ind[2]), H2im(+) (H2im[3]), Ph4P(+) (Ph4P[3]), nBu4N(+) (nBu4N[3]), H2bzim(+) (H2bzim[4]), Ph4P(+) (Ph4P[4]), and nBu4N(+) (nBu4N[4]). All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, while H2pz[1], H2ind[2], and nBu4[3], in addition, by X-ray diffraction. The reduced species [1](-) and [4](-) are stable in aqueous media in the absence of air oxygen and do not react with small biomolecules such as amino acids and the nucleotide 5'-dGMP. Cell culture experiments in five different human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, FemX, MDA-MB-453, and LS-174) and one noncancerous cell line (MRC-5) were performed, and the results were discussed and compared to those for KP1019 and cisplatin. Benzannulation in complexes with similar structure enhances antitumor activity by several orders of magnitude, implicating different mechanisms of action of the tested compounds. In particular, complexes H2ind[2] and H2bzim[4] exhibited significant antiproliferative activity in vitro when compared to H2pz[1] and H2im[3].
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Steffen Kuhn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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