1
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Noble AR, Akkad S, Yates NDJ, Jeffries JM, Signoret N, Fascione MA. Towards a 'clicked' PSMA targeting gene delivery bioconjugate-polyplex for prostate cancer. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23796-23801. [PMID: 39077324 PMCID: PMC11284900 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK with over 50 000 new cases diagnosed each year and although therapeutic advances in surgery, anti-androgens, radio- and chemotherapy have increased survival rates, there still remains a need for new treatments to combat the most aggressive forms of the disease. Gene therapy offers promise as an alternative approach but is reliant on selective targeting to the cancer cell surface. Herein we describe the novel construction of a prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) binding bioconjugate-polyplex, based on a glutamate-urea peptide scaffold using 'click' chemistry, which we demonstrate is capable of targeted delivery of a GFP gene to PSMA overexpressing prostate cancer cells, and therefore may have potential future application as part of a prostate cancer gene delivery therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Noble
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Saeed Akkad
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - James M Jeffries
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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2
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Bakht MK, Beltran H. Biological determinants of PSMA expression, regulation and heterogeneity in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00900-z. [PMID: 38977769 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an important cell-surface imaging biomarker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. The PSMA-targeted theranostic 177Lu-PSMA-617 was approved in 2022 for men with PSMA-PET-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, not all patients respond to PSMA-radioligand therapy, in part owing to the heterogeneity of PSMA expression in the tumour. The PSMA regulatory network is composed of a PSMA transcription complex, an upstream enhancer that loops to the FOLH1 (PSMA) gene promoter, intergenic enhancers and differentially methylated regions. Our understanding of the PSMA regulatory network and the mechanisms underlying PSMA suppression is evolving. Clinically, molecular imaging provides a unique window into PSMA dynamics that occur on therapy and with disease progression, although challenges arise owing to the limited resolution of PET. PSMA regulation and heterogeneity - including intertumoural and inter-patient heterogeneity, temporal changes, lineage dynamics and the tumour microenvironment - affect PSMA theranostics. PSMA response and resistance to radioligand therapy are mediated by a number of potential mechanisms, and complementary biomarkers beyond PSMA are under development. Understanding the biological determinants of cell surface target regulation and heterogeneity can inform precision medicine approaches to PSMA theranostics as well as other emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Bakht
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Iannone MN, Valtorta S, Stucchi S, Altomonte S, Turolla EA, Vino E, Rainone P, Zecca V, Lo Dico A, Maspero M, Figini M, Bellone M, Ciceri S, Colombo D, Chinello C, Pagani L, Moresco RM, Todde S, Ferraboschi P. Automated radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of two new PSMA-617 derivatives radiolabelled via [ 18F]AlF 2+ method. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38904859 PMCID: PMC11192711 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade the development of new PSMA-ligand based radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of prostate cancer has been a highly active and important area of research. The most promising derivative in terms of interaction with the antigen and clinical properties has been found to be "PSMA-617", and its lutetium-177 radiolabelled version has recently been approved by EU and USA regulatory agencies for therapeutic purposes. For the above reasons, the development of new derivatives of PSMA-617 radiolabelled with fluorine-18 may still be of great interest. This paper proposes the comparison of two different PSMA-617 derivatives functionalized with NODA and RESCA chelators, respectively, radiolabelled via [18F]AlF2+ complexation. RESULTS The organic synthesis of two PSMA-617 derivatives and their radiolabelling via [18F]AlF2+ complexation resulted to proceed efficiently and successfully. Moreover, stability in solution and in plasma has been evaluated. The whole radiosynthesis procedure has been fully automated, and the final products have been obtained with radiochemical yield and purity potentially suitable for clinical studies. The biodistribution of the two derivatives was performed both in prostate cancer and glioma tumour models. Compared with the reference [18F]F-PSMA-1007 and [18F]F-PSMA-617-RESCA, [18F]F-PSMA-617-NODA derivative showed a higher uptake in both tumors, faster clearance in non-target organs, and lower uptake in salivary glands. CONCLUSION PSMA-617 NODA and RESCA derivatives were radiolabelled successfully via [18F]AlF2+ chelation, the former being more stable in solution and human plasma. Moreover, preclinical biodistribution studies showed that [18F]F-PSMA-617-NODA might be of potential interest for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Stucchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Altomonte
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elia Anna Turolla
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Vino
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zecca
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Maspero
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Figini
- ANP2, Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Colombo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clizia Chinello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lisa Pagani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sergio Todde
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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4
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Guerfi M, Berredjem M, Dekir A, Bahadi R, Djouad SE, Sothea TO, Redjemia R, Belhani B, Boussaker M. Anticancer activity, DFT study, ADMET prediction, and molecular docking of novel α-sulfamidophosphonates. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1023-1038. [PMID: 37010709 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel α-sulfamidophosphonate derivatives (3a-3 g) were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against different human cancer cell lines (PRI, K562, and JURKAT). The antitumor activity of all compounds using the MTT test remains moderate compared to the standard drug chlorambucil. Compounds 3c and 3 g were found to be more active anticancer agent against PRI and K562 cells with IC50 value 0.056-0.097 and 0.182-0.133 mM, respectively. Molecular docking study related to binding affinity and binding mode analysis showed that synthesized compounds had potential to inhibit glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII). Furthermore, computational analysis was performed through Density Functional Theory (DFT) utilizing the B3LYP 6-31 G (d, p) basis set and the theoretical results were correlated with experimental data. The ADME/toxicity analyses carried out by Swiss ADME and OSIRIS software show that all synthesized molecules exhibited good pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and had no toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Guerfi
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Sciences Faculty, Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Sciences Faculty, Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Ali Dekir
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Sciences Faculty, Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Rania Bahadi
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Sciences Faculty, Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Seif-Eddine Djouad
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Sciences Faculty, Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry of Hospitalo-University Center Benflis Touhami, Batna, Algeria
| | - Tan Ouk Sothea
- Laboratoire Peirene, EA7500 Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87000, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Rayenne Redjemia
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Sciences Faculty, Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Billel Belhani
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Sciences Faculty, Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Meriem Boussaker
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Sciences Faculty, Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
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5
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Sallam M, Nguyen NT, Sainsbury F, Kimizuka N, Muyldermans S, Benešová-Schäfer M. PSMA-targeted radiotheranostics in modern nuclear medicine: then, now, and what of the future? Theranostics 2024; 14:3043-3079. [PMID: 38855174 PMCID: PMC11155394 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In 1853, the perception of prostate cancer (PCa) as a rare ailment prevailed, was described by the eminent Londoner surgeon John Adams. Rapidly forward to 2018, the landscape dramatically altered. Currently, men face a one-in-nine lifetime risk of PCa, accentuated by improved diagnostic methods and an ageing population. With more than three million men in the United States alone grappling with this disease, the overall risk of succumbing to stands at one in 39. The intricate clinical and biological diversity of PCa poses serious challenges in terms of imaging, ongoing monitoring, and disease management. In the field of theranostics, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that harmoniously merge targeted imaging with treatments are integrated. A pivotal player in this arena is radiotheranostics, employing radionuclides for both imaging and therapy, with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) at the forefront. Clinical milestones have been reached, including FDA- and/or EMA-approved PSMA-targeted radiodiagnostic agents, such as [18F]DCFPyL (PYLARIFY®, Lantheus Holdings), [18F]rhPSMA-7.3 (POSLUMA®, Blue Earth Diagnostics) and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (Locametz®, Novartis/ ILLUCCIX®, Telix Pharmaceuticals), as well as PSMA-targeted radiotherapeutic agents, such as [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (Pluvicto®, Novartis). Concurrently, ligand-drug and immune therapies designed to target PSMA are being advanced through rigorous preclinical research and clinical trials. This review delves into the annals of PSMA-targeted radiotheranostics, exploring its historical evolution as a signature molecule in PCa management. We scrutinise its clinical ramifications, acknowledge its limitations, and peer into the avenues that need further exploration. In the crucible of scientific inquiry, we aim to illuminate the path toward a future where the enigma of PCa is deciphered and where its menace is met with precise and effective countermeasures. In the following sections, we discuss the intriguing terrain of PCa radiotheranostics through the lens of PSMA, with the fervent hope of advancing our understanding and enhancing clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sallam
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Research Center for Negative Emissions Technologies (K-NETs), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martina Benešová-Schäfer
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Munekane M, Fuchigami T, Ogawa K. Recent advances in the development of 225Ac- and 211At-labeled radioligands for radiotheranostics. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:803-826. [PMID: 38564087 PMCID: PMC11035452 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Radiotheranostics utilizes a set of radioligands incorporating diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides to achieve both diagnosis and therapy. Imaging probes using diagnostic radionuclides have been used for systemic cancer imaging. Integration of therapeutic radionuclides into the imaging probes serves as potent agents for radionuclide therapy. Among them, targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising next-generation cancer therapy. The α-particles emitted by the radioligands used in TAT result in a high linear energy transfer over a short range, inducing substantial damage to nearby cells surrounding the binding site. Therefore, the key to successful cancer treatment with minimal side effects by TAT depends on the selective delivery of radioligands to their targets. Recently, TAT agents targeting biomolecules highly expressed in various cancer cells, such as sodium/iodide symporter, norepinephrine transporter, somatostatin receptor, αvβ3 integrin, prostate-specific membrane antigen, fibroblast-activation protein, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 have been developed and have made remarkable progress toward clinical application. In this review, we focus on two radionuclides, 225Ac and 211At, which are expected to have a wide range of applications in TAT. We also introduce recent fundamental and clinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with these radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Munekane
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fuchigami
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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7
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Novakova Z, Tehrani ZA, Jurok R, Motlova L, Kutil Z, Pavlicek J, Shukla S, Choy CJ, Havlinova B, Baranova P, Berkman CE, Kuchar M, Cerny J, Barinka C. Structural, Biochemical, and Computational Characterization of Sulfamides as Bimetallic Peptidase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1030-1042. [PMID: 38224368 PMCID: PMC10865363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The sulfonamide function is used extensively as a general building block in various inhibitory scaffolds and, more specifically, as a zinc-binding group (ZBG) of metalloenzyme inhibitors. Here, we provide biochemical, structural, and computational characterization of a metallopeptidase in complex with inhibitors, where the mono- and bisubstituted sulfamide functions are designed to directly engage zinc ions of a bimetallic enzyme site. Structural data showed that while monosubstituted sulfamides coordinate active-site zinc ions via the free negatively charged amino group in a canonical manner, their bisubstituted counterparts adopt an atypical binding pattern divergent from expected positioning of corresponding tetrahedral reaction intermediates. Accompanying quantum mechanics calculations revealed that electroneutrality of the sulfamide function is a major factor contributing to the markedly lower potency of bisubstituted compounds by considerably lowering their interaction energy with the enzyme. Overall, while bisubstituted uncharged sulfamide functions can bolster favorable pharmacological properties of a given inhibitor, their use as ZBGs in metalloenzyme inhibitors might be less advantageous due to their suboptimal metal-ligand properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Novakova
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Zahra Aliakbar Tehrani
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Radek Jurok
- Forensic
Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Motlova
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Zsofia Kutil
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Jiri Pavlicek
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Shivam Shukla
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Cindy J. Choy
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Barbora Havlinova
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Petra Baranova
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Clifford E. Berkman
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Forensic
Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Institute
of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
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8
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Capasso G, Stefanucci A, Tolomeo A. A systematic review on the current status of PSMA-targeted imaging and radioligand therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115966. [PMID: 37992520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been the subject of several studies in recent decades as a promising molecular target for prostate cancer (PCa), in fact it is considered an excellent molecular target for both PCa imaging (both for staging and follow-up), by means of PET/CT and for radioligand therapy. Its interesting molecular features have enabled the development of a new diagnostic and therapeutic approach for PCa, called "theranostics." Considering the abundance of PSMA-based probes that have appeared so far in the literature, the present work focuses the attention on radiopharmaceuticals with increasing clinical application, highlighting advantages and disadvantages in terms of different metabolization and excretion processes, pharmacokinetic, binding affinity and variable internalization rate, tumor-to-background ratio, residence times and toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Capasso
- ITEL TELECOMUNICAZIONI S.r.l - Radiopharmaceutical Division, Italy.
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, Italy.
| | - Anna Tolomeo
- ITEL TELECOMUNICAZIONI S.r.l - Radiopharmaceutical Division, Italy.
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9
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Chen M, Cai L, Xiang Y, Zhong L, Shi J. Advances in non-radioactive PSMA-targeted small molecule-drug conjugates in the treatment of prostate cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106889. [PMID: 37813074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) will develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy, at this time the tumor enters the end stage, and the clinical treatment is very complicated, which requires rationalization of drugs to prolong the life of patients while improving their quality of life. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising biological target for drug delivery in mCRPC due to its high level of specific expression in PCa cell membranes and low expression in normal tissues. Non-radioactive PSMA-targeted small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) are gradually becoming a heat of discovery due to their good affinity and specificity; simple synthesis steps and transport management methods. Non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs under investigation can be divided into two categories: SMDCs and dual-ligand coupled drugs, among which SMDCs are the most widespread form of this type of conjugate. SMDCs have three key components: cytotoxic load, linker, and small molecule targeting ligands. SMDCs are internalized into the cell after binding to PSMA on the cell membrane and stored in endosomes and lysosomes, where they are usually enzymatically cleaved to allow precise release of cytotoxic molecules and uniform diffusion into the tumor tissue. More than a dozen non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs have been developed, many of which have shown favorable properties in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations, demonstrating more favorable results than unmodified cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs have great therapeutic potential for mCRPC as a form of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Linxuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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10
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Kumar P, Bhalla A. Isothiocyanates ( in situ) and sulfonyl chlorides in water for N-functionalization of bicyclic amidines: access to N-alkylated γ-/ω-lactam derivatized thiourea and sulfonamides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8868-8874. [PMID: 37888837 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01584j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we showcase the potential of isothiocyanates generated in situ and aryl sulfonyl chlorides as electrophiles in water for N-functionalization of bicyclic amidines (DBN and DBU). This strategy provides complementary access to a range of thiouredosulfides, sulfonamides, aroylthioureas and amides derivativatized with distal γ- and ω-lactams. A novel sulfonyl chloride mediated formation of β-uredo sulfides has been achieved from β-isothiocyanato sulfides, removing the requirement for the harsh synthesis of unstable isocyanates. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical mechanism for the difunctionalization of alkenes, the efficacy of H2O in the ring opening of bicyclic amidines, and an oxygen source along with sulfonyl chloride as desulfurization agents for thiourea to afford urea derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, UT, India.
| | - Aman Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, UT, India.
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11
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Alati S, Singh R, Pomper MG, Rowe SP, Banerjee SR. Preclinical Development in Radiopharmaceutical Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:663-686. [PMID: 37468417 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Among the various treatment options, radiopharmaceutical therapy has shown notable success in metastatic, castration-resistant disease. Radiopharmaceutical therapy is a systemic approach that delivers cytotoxic radiation doses precisely to the malignant tumors and/or tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals are composed of a therapeutic radionuclide and a high-affinity, tumor-targeting carrier molecule. Therapeutic radionuclides used in preclinical prostate cancer studies are primarily α-, β--, or Auger-electron-emitting radiometals or radiohalogens. Monoclonal antibodies, antibody-derived fragments, peptides, and small molecules are frequently used as tumor-targeting molecules. Over the years, several important membrane-associated proteases and receptors have been identified, validated, and subsequently used for preclinical radiotherapeutic development for prostate cancer. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is the most well-studied prostate cancer-associated protease in preclinical literature. PSMA-targeting radiotherapeutic agents are being investigated using high-affinity antibody- and small-molecule-based agents for safety and efficacy. Early generations of such agents were developed simply by replacing radionuclides of the imaging agents with therapeutic ones. Later, extensive structure-activity relationship studies were conducted to address the safety and efficacy issues obtained from initial patient data. Recent regulatory approval of the 177Lu-labeled low-molecular-weight agent, 177Lu-PSMA-617, is a significant accomplishment. Current preclinical experiments are focused on the structural modification of 177Lu-PSMA-617 and relevant investigational agents to increase tumor targeting and reduce off-target binding and toxicity in healthy organs. While lutetium-177 (177Lu) remains the most widely used radionuclide, radiolabeled analogs with iodine-131 (128I), yttrium-90 (89Y), copper-67 (67Cu), and terbium-161 (161Tb) have been evaluated as potential alternatives in recent years. In addition, agents carrying the α-particle-emitting radiohalogen, astatine-211 (211At), or radiometals, actinium-225 (225Ac), lead-212 (212Pb), radium-223 (223Ra), and thorium-227 (227Th), have been increasingly investigated in preclinical research. Besides PSMA-based radiotherapeutics, other prominent prostate cancer-related proteases, for example, human kallikrein peptidases (HK2 and HK3), have been explored using monoclonal-antibody-(mAb)-based targeting platforms. Several promising mAbs targeting receptors overexpressed on the different stages of prostate cancer have also been developed for radiopharmaceutical therapy, for example, Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL-3), CD46, and CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1). Progress is also being made using peptide-based targeting platforms for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), a well-established membrane-associated receptor expressed in localized and metastatic prostate cancers. Furthermore, mechanism-driven combination therapies appear to be a burgeoning area in the context of preclinical prostate cancer radiotherapeutics. Here, we review the current developments related to the preclinical radiopharmaceutical therapy of prostate cancer. These are summarized in two major topics: (1) therapeutic radionuclides and (2) tumor-targeting approaches using monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Alati
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rajan Singh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD.
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12
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Wang X, Chen Y, Xiong Y, Zhang L, Wang B, Liu Y, Cui M. Design and Characterization of Squaramic Acid-Based Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6889-6904. [PMID: 37161996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpressed on prostate cancer (PCa) cells is a satisfactory theranostic target in PCa. To seek novel non-glutamate-urea-based PSMA inhibitors by the strategy of bioisosterism, 10 ligands were designed, synthesized, and characterized. Among them, ligands 17, 18, and 21-24 bearing the squaramic acid moiety proved to be potent PSMA inhibitors, with Ki values ranging from 0.40 to 2.49 nM, which are comparable or higher in inhibitory potency compared to previously reported glutamate-urea-based inhibitors. Docking studies of 15, 17, and 19 were carried out to explore their binding mode in the active site of PSMA. Two near-infrared (NIR) probes, 23 (λEM = 650 nm) and 24 (λEM = 1088 nm), displayed favorable in vivo NIR imaging and successful NIR-II image-guided tumor resection surgery in PSMA-positive tumor-bearing mice, which demonstrated the effectiveness of these new squaramic acid-based inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Longfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
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13
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Temml V, Kollár J, Schönleitner T, Höll A, Schuster D, Kutil Z. Combination of In Silico and In Vitro Screening to Identify Novel Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1249-1259. [PMID: 36799916 PMCID: PMC9976286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a metalloprotease implicated in neurological diseases and prostate oncology. While several classes of potent GCPII-specific inhibitors exist, the development of novel active scaffolds with different pharmacological profiles remains a challenge. Virtual screening followed by in vitro testing is an effective means for the discovery of novel active compounds. Structure- and ligand-based pharmacophore models were created based on a dataset of known GCPII-selective ligands. These models were used in a virtual screening of the SPECS compound library (∼209.000 compounds). Fifty top-scoring virtual hits were further experimentally tested for their ability to inhibit GCPII enzymatic activity in vitro. Six hits were found to have moderate to high inhibitory potency with the best virtual hit, a modified xanthene, inhibiting GCPII with an IC50 value of 353 ± 24 nM. The identification of this novel inhibitory scaffold illustrates the applicability of pharmacophore-based modeling for the discovery of GCPII-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Temml
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jakub Kollár
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Schönleitner
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Höll
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zsófia Kutil
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252
50 Vestec, Czech
Republic
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14
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Cai P, Tang S, Xia L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Feng Y, Liu N, Chen Y, Zhou Z. Improve the Biodistribution with Bulky and Lipophilic Modification Strategies on Lys-Urea-Glu-Based PSMA-Targeting Radiotracers. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1435-1446. [PMID: 36696174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is upregulated in nearly all stages of prostate cancer (PCa), PSMA can be considered a viable diagnostic biomarker and treatment target in PCa. In this study, we have developed five 68Ga-labeled PSMA-targeted tracers, 68Ga-Flu-1, 68Ga-Flu-2, 68Ga-9-Ant, 68Ga-1-Nal, and 68Ga-1-Noi, to investigate the effect of lipophilic bulky groups on the pharmacokinetics of PSMA inhibitors compared to 68Ga-PSMA-11 and then explore their in vitro and in vivo properties. 68Ga-labeled PSMA inhibitors were obtained in 88.53-99.98% radiochemical purity and at the highest specific activity of up to 20 MBq/μg. These compounds revealed a highly efficient uptake and internalization into LNCaP cells and increased over time. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in mice bearing PSMA expressing LNCaP prostate cancer xenografts. All tracers enabled clear visualization of tumors in PET images with excellent tumor-to-background contrast. The biodistribution studies showed that all these radioligands were excreted mainly via the renal pathway. The in vivo biodistribution of 68Ga-Flu-1 revealed higher tumor uptake (40.11 ± 9.24 %ID/g at 2 h p.i.) compared to 68Ga-PSMA-11 (28.10 ± 5.96 %ID/g at 2 h p.i.). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that chemical modification of the lysine fragment significantly impacts tumor-targeting and pharmacokinetic properties. Great potential to serve as new PET tracers for prostate cancer has been revealed with these radiotracers─68Ga-Flu-1 in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Sufan Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinwen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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15
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Ding X, Bai S, Liu F, Michał N, Roman S, Peng N, Liu Y. NIR-II-triggered photothermal therapy with Au@PDA/PEG-PI for targeted downregulation of PSMA in prostate cancer. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:487-499. [PMID: 36521678 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although positron emission tomography (PET) imaging products targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been approved for marketing, clinical challenges remain in the study of its use as a therapeutic target, such as the complex synthesis process and side effects after treatment. Here, we developed a strategy for targeted photothermal therapy (PTT) using PSMA as the target. The results of molecular docking demonstrated that the synthesized PEG modified urea-based PSMA inhibitor (small molecular PSMA inhibitor, PI) PI-PEG has a high affinity energy (binding energy = - 8.3 kcal mol-1) for the PSMA target. Therefore, modification of PI-PEG onto the surface of gold@polydopamine (Au@PDA) with NIR-II absorption could enable targeted PTT against PSMA. This work revealed that the prepared Au@PDA/PEG-PI were not only highly selective for PSMA, but also could efficiently ablate PSMA expression by targeted PTT at the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) of the NIR-II laser. Moreover, Au@PDA/PEG-PI also have potential for photoacoustic (PA) imaging and computed tomography (CT) imaging. As the first strategy to downregulate the expression of PSMA and successfully inhibit prostate cancer by targeted PTT, this study case provides a new idea for the clinical translation of PSMA as an integrated target for tumor diagnosis and anti-tumor treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: (1) Au@PDA/PEG-PI NPs were the novel PTT agent to target PSMA and successfully down-regulate PSMA expression. (2) Molecular docking results demonstrated that PI-PEG inhibitors have a high affinity energy for PSMA (binding energy = - 8.3 kcal mol-1). (3) Au@PDA/PEG-PI NPs can be targeted for efficient PTT at the MPE of the NIR-II laser. (4) Au@PDA/PEG-PI NPs also have the potential for PA and CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province & Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Shiwei Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Fachuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province & Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Nowicki Michał
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - Szewczyk Roman
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - Na Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province & Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Measurement and Control Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province & Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China.
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16
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Xia L, Liu Y, Cai P, Feng Y, Yuan H, Tang S, Wang YW, Liu N, Chen Y, Zhou Z. Halogen Replacement on the Lysine Side Chain of Lys-Urea-Glu-Based PSMA Inhibitors Leads to Significant Changes in Targeting Properties. Mol Imaging Biol 2023:10.1007/s11307-023-01804-x. [PMID: 36695967 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate the impact of various halogens on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of Glu-urea-Lys-based prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors. PROCEDURES Based on the modification of SC691, a small molecule inhibitor of PSMA previously developed by our group, we synthesized 68Ga-labeled compounds by modifying the lysine terminal amino with different halogenated phenyl substituents. After complete characterization, in vitro and in vivo properties were studied. RESULTS The [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-R possesses a high radiochemical yield (98-99%). The internalization values of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-H, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-Cl, and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-Br in LNCaP cells all displayed time-dependent pattern enhanced with time. The results of in vitro competitive inhibition assay showed that the affinity of natGa-DOTA-SC691-R for PSMA had a trend of H < F < Cl < Br < I. The blocking imaging and dynamic imaging on micro-PET/CT of male non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice with LNCaP tumors showed the rapid tumor targeting properties of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-R with specificity for PSMA. Static imaging of micro-PEC/CT of these compounds could rapidly localize LNCaP tumors with decent image quality (except for [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-H). Biodistribution data showed that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-R were metabolized via the kidney and tumor accumulation followed the order of H ≈ F ≈ Cl < I < Br uptake values at 1 h. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-Br showed the highest tumor accumulation and retention (15.21 ± 5.57%ID/g at 30 min, 20.39 ± 4.38%ID/g at 60 min, and 13.30 ± 4.39%ID/g at 120 min), which is consistent with the results of the competitive inhibition assay and cell binding assay. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that the halogen substituent on the lysine terminal amino group on the Glu-urea-Lys backbone did positively affect the binding of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-R to PSMA. The bulkier and less electronegative Br (or I) elements are preferred for structural modifications here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sufan Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Wen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Henehan GT, Ryan BJ, Kinsella GK. Approaches to Avoid Proteolysis During Protein Expression and Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:77-95. [PMID: 37646995 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
All cells contain proteases, which hydrolyze the peptide bonds between amino acids of a protein backbone. Typically, proteases are prevented from nonspecific proteolysis by regulation and by their physical separation into different subcellular compartments; however, this segregation is not retained during cell lysis, which is the initial step in any protein isolation procedure. Prevention of proteolysis during protein purification often takes the form of a two-pronged approach: first, inhibition of proteolysis in situ, followed by the early separation of the protease from the protein of interest via chromatographic purification. Protease inhibitors are routinely used to limit the effect of the proteases before they are physically separated from the protein of interest via column chromatography. In this chapter, commonly used approaches to reducing or avoiding proteolysis during protein expression and purification are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary T Henehan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry J Ryan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gemma K Kinsella
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (PluvictoTM): The First FDA-Approved Radiotherapeutical for Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101292. [PMID: 36297404 PMCID: PMC9608311 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2022, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (PluvictoTM) was approved by the FDA for the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Until now, the approval has been limited to patients with PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have previously received other therapy options (such as inhibition of the androgen receptor pathway and taxane-based chemotherapy). [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, which combines a PSMA-specific peptidomimetic with a therapeutical radionuclide, is used in a radioligand therapy that selectively delivers ionizing radiation to tumor cells, causing their death, while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. In numerous clinical trials, the efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 was demonstrated.
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19
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Maujean T, Marchand P, Wagner P, Riché S, Boisson F, Girard N, Bonnet D, Gulea M. Hetero-Diels-Alder click reaction of dithioesters for a catalyst-free indirect 18F-radiolabelling of peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11151-11154. [PMID: 36106967 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The HDA reaction of dithioesters was developed as a new click-reaction compatible with the indirect 18F-labelling of peptides. It involves dithioester-peptides and a radiofluorinated diene as a novel prosthetic group. The method was applied to a PSMA-ligand for the in vivo detection of LNCap tumors in xenografted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothé Maujean
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Patrice Marchand
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Stéphanie Riché
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Frédéric Boisson
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Mihaela Gulea
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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20
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Listro R, Rossino G, Piaggi F, Sonekan FF, Rossi D, Linciano P, Collina S. Urea-based anticancer agents. Exploring 100-years of research with an eye to the future. Front Chem 2022; 10:995351. [PMID: 36186578 PMCID: PMC9520293 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.995351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Suramin was the first urea-based drug to be approved in clinic, and in the following century a number of milestone drugs based on this scaffold were developed. Indeed, urea soon became a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry for its capability to establish a peculiar network of drug−target interactions, for its physicochemical properties that are useful for tuning the druggability of the new chemical entities, and for its structural and synthetic versatility that opened the door to numerous drug design possibilities. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the urea moiety in the medicinal chemistry scenario of anticancer drugs with a special focus on the kinase inhibitors for which this scaffold represented and still represents a pivotal pharmacophoric feature. A general outlook on the approved drugs, recent patents, and current research in this field is herein provided, and the role of the urea moiety in the drug discovery process is discussed form a medicinal chemistry standpoint. We believe that the present review can benefit both academia and pharmaceutical companies’ medicinal chemists to prompt research towards new urea derivatives as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Listro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Piaggi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Falilat Folasade Sonekan
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simona Collina,
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21
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psma-targeted NIR probes for image-guided detection of prostate cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Carboranes in drug discovery, chemical biology and molecular imaging. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:486-504. [PMID: 37117309 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There exists a paucity of structural innovation and limited molecular diversity associated with molecular frameworks in drug discovery and biomolecular imaging/chemical probe design. The discovery and exploitation of new molecular entities for medical and biological applications will necessarily involve voyaging into previously unexplored regions of chemical space. Boron clusters, notably the carboranes, offer an alternative to conventional (poly)cyclic organic frameworks that may address some of the limitations associated with the use of novel molecular frameworks in chemical biology or medicine. The high thermal stability, unique 3D structure and aromaticity, kinetic inertness to metabolism and ability to engage in unusual types of intermolecular interactions, such as dihydrogen bonds, with biological receptors make carboranes exquisite frameworks in the design of probes for chemical biology, novel drug candidates and biomolecular imaging agents. This Review highlights the key developments of carborane derivatives made over the last decade as new design tools in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology, showcasing the versatility of this unique family of boron compounds.
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23
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Liolios C, Patsis C, Lambrinidis G, Tzortzini E, Roscher M, Bauder-Wüst U, Kolocouris A, Kopka K. Investigation of Tumor Cells and Receptor-Ligand Simulation Models for the Development of PET Imaging Probes Targeting PSMA and GRPR and a Possible Crosstalk between the Two Receptors. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2231-2247. [PMID: 35467350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) have both been used in nuclear medicine as targets for molecular imaging and therapy of prostate (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa). Three bioconjugate probes, the PSMA specific: [68Ga]Ga-1, ((HBED-CC)-Ahx-Lys-NH-CO-NH Glu or PSMA-11), the GRPR specific: [68Ga]Ga-2, ((HBED-CC)-4-amino-1-carboxymethyl piperidine-[D-Phe6, Sta13]BN(6-14), a bombesin (BN) analogue), and 3 (the BN analogue: 4-amino-1-carboxymethyl piperidine-[(R)-Phe6, Sta13]BN(6-14) connected with the fluorescent dye, BDP-FL), were synthesized and tested in vitro with PCa and BCa cell lines, more specifically, with PCa cells, PC-3 and LNCaP, with BCa cells, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and with the in-house created PSMA-overexpressing PC-3(PSMA), T47D(PSMA), and MDA-MB-231(PSMA). In addition, biomolecular simulations were conducted on the association of 1 and 2 with PSMA and GRPR. The PSMA overexpression resulted in an increase of cell-bound radioligand [68Ga]Ga-1 (PSMA) for PCa and BCa cells and also of [68Ga]Ga-2 (GRPR), especially in those cell lines already expressing GRPR. The results were confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with a PE-labeled PSMA-specific antibody and the fluorescence tracer 3. The docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations showed how 1 enters the PSMA funnel region and how pharmacophore Glu-urea-Lys interacts with the arginine patch, the S1', and S1 subpockets by forming hydrogen and van der Waals bonds. The chelating moiety of 1, that is, HBED-CC, forms additional stabilizing hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions in the arene-binding site. Ligand 2 is diving into the GRPR transmembrane (TM) helical cavity, thereby forming hydrogen bonds through its amidated end, water-mediated hydrogen bonds, and π-π interactions. Our results provide valuable information regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions of 1 and 2 with PSMA and GRPR, which might be useful for the diagnostic imaging and therapy of PCa and BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Liolios
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, INRASTES, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Patsis
- Division of Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodelling, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Efpraxia Tzortzini
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Mareike Roscher
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauder-Wüst
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technical University Dresden, Lebensmittelchemie Chemiegebäude, Raum 413 Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Takahara K, Miyatake SI, Azuma H, Shiroki R. Boron neutron capture therapy for urological cancers. Int J Urol 2022; 29:610-616. [PMID: 35240726 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy is based on a nuclear reaction between the nonradioactive isotope boron-10 and either low-energy thermal neutrons or high-energy epithermal neutrons, which generate high linear energy transfer α particles and a recoiled lithium nucleus (7 Li) that selectively destroys the DNA helix in tumor cells. Boron neutron capture therapy is an emerging procedure aimed at improving the therapeutic ratio for the traditional treatment of various malignancies, which has been studied clinically in a variety of diseases, including glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, cutaneous melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and extramammary Paget's disease. However, boron neutron capture therapy has not been clinically performed for urological cancers, excluding genital extramammary Paget's disease that appeared at the scrotum to penis area. In this review, we aimed to provide an updated summary of the current clinical literature of patients treated with boron neutron capture therapy and to focus on the future prospects of boron neutron capture therapy for urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takahara
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyatake
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
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25
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Identification of alternative protein targets of glutamate-ureido-lysine associated with PSMA tracer uptake in prostate cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2025710119. [PMID: 35064078 PMCID: PMC8795759 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025710119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-ureido-lysine (GUL) probes are specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), overexpressed by most prostate cancers. This antigen can be lost as the cancer progresses. Recent reports have indicated that GUL probes can still identify these PSMA-negative tumors, indicating that the expression of alternative PSMA-like proteins may change during disease progression. In this study we identified two such candidate protein targets, NAALADaseL and mGluR8, by using a combined computational chemistry, data mining, molecular biology, radiochemistry, and synthetic chemistry approach. This work consequently prepares the groundwork for developing specific probes that can identify this progression, indicates directions for neuroendocrine prostate cancer research, and highlights the utility of a multidisciplinary approach for the rapid identification of unidentified proteins interacting with diagnostic probes. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly overexpressed in most prostate cancers and is clinically visualized using PSMA-specific probes incorporating glutamate-ureido-lysine (GUL). PSMA is effectively absent from certain high-mortality, treatment-resistant subsets of prostate cancers, such as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC); however, GUL-based PSMA tracers are still reported to have the potential to identify NEPC metastatic tumors. These probes may bind unknown proteins associated with PSMA-suppressed cancers. We have identified the up-regulation of PSMA-like aminopeptidase NAALADaseL and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in PSMA-suppressed prostate cancers and find that their expression levels inversely correlate with PSMA expression and are associated with GUL-based radiotracer uptake. Furthermore, we identify that NAALADaseL and mGluR expression correlates with a unique cell cycle signature. This provides an opportunity for the future study of the biology of NEPC and potential therapeutic directions. Computationally predicting that GUL-based probes bind well to these targets, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent PSMA tracer to investigate these proteins in vitro, where it shows excellent affinity for PSMA, NAALADaseL, and specific mGluRs associated with poor prognosis.
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26
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Derks YHW, Rijpkema M, Amatdjais-Groenen HIV, Loeff CC, de Roode KE, Kip A, Laverman P, Lütje S, Heskamp S, Löwik DWPM. Strain-Promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition-Based PSMA-Targeting Ligands for Multimodal Intraoperative Tumor Detection of Prostate Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:194-205. [PMID: 34957825 PMCID: PMC8778659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) is a straightforward and multipurpose conjugation strategy. The use of SPAAC to link different functional elements to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands would facilitate the development of a modular platform for PSMA-targeted imaging and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). As a first proof of concept for the SPAAC chemistry platform, we synthesized and characterized four dual-labeled PSMA ligands for intraoperative radiodetection and fluorescence imaging of PCa. Ligands were synthesized using solid-phase chemistry and contained a chelator for 111In or 99mTc labeling. The fluorophore IRDye800CW was conjugated using SPAAC chemistry or conventional N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester coupling. Log D values were measured and PSMA specificity of these ligands was determined in LS174T-PSMA cells. Tumor targeting was evaluated in BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneous LS174T-PSMA and LS174T wild-type tumors using μSPECT/CT imaging, fluorescence imaging, and biodistribution studies. SPAAC chemistry increased the lipophilicity of the ligands (log D range: -2.4 to -4.4). In vivo, SPAAC chemistry ligands showed high and specific accumulation in s.c. LS174T-PSMA tumors up to 24 h after injection, enabling clear visualization using μSPECT/CT and fluorescence imaging. Overall, no significant differences between the SPAAC chemistry ligands and their NHS-based counterparts were found (2 h p.i., p > 0.05), while 111In-labeled ligands outperformed the 99mTc ligands. Here, we demonstrate that our newly developed SPAAC-based PSMA ligands show high PSMA-specific tumor targeting. The use of click chemistry in PSMA ligand development opens up the opportunity for fast, efficient, and versatile conjugations of multiple imaging moieties and/or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne H. W. Derks
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud
university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud
university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cato C. Loeff
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud
university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim E. de Roode
- Organic
Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen,
Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Kip
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud
university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Laverman
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud
university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Lütje
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital
Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud
university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W. P. M. Löwik
- Organic
Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen,
Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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27
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Derks YHW, van Lith SAM, Amatdjais-Groenen HIV, Wouters LWM, Kip A, Franssen GM, Laverman P, Löwik DWPM, Heskamp S, Rijpkema M. Theranostic PSMA ligands with optimized backbones for intraoperative multimodal imaging and photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2425-2435. [PMID: 35029739 PMCID: PMC9165289 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first generation ligands for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radio- and fluorescence-guided surgery followed by adjuvant photodynamic therapy (PDT) have already shown the potential of this approach. Here, we developed three new photosensitizer-based dual-labeled PSMA ligands by crucial modification of existing PSMA ligand backbone structures (PSMA-1007/PSMA-617) for multimodal imaging and targeted PDT of PCa. METHODS Various new PSMA ligands were synthesized using solid-phase chemistry and provided with a DOTA chelator for 111In labeling and the fluorophore/photosensitizer IRDye700DX. The performance of three new dual-labeled ligands was compared with a previously published first-generation ligand (PSMA-N064) and a control ligand with an incomplete PSMA-binding motif. PSMA specificity, affinity, and PDT efficacy of these ligands were determined in LS174T-PSMA cells and control LS174T wildtype cells. Tumor targeting properties were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneous LS174T-PSMA and LS174T wildtype tumors using µSPECT/CT imaging, fluorescence imaging, and biodistribution studies after dissection. RESULTS In order to synthesize the new dual-labeled ligands, we modified the PSMA peptide linker by substitution of a glutamic acid into a lysine residue, providing a handle for conjugation of multiple functional moieties. Ligand optimization showed that the new backbone structure leads to high-affinity PSMA ligands (all IC50 < 50 nM). Moreover, ligand-mediated PDT led to a PSMA-specific decrease in cell viability in vitro (P < 0.001). Linker modification significantly improved tumor targeting compared to the previously developed PSMA-N064 ligand (≥ 20 ± 3%ID/g vs 14 ± 2%ID/g, P < 0.01) and enabled specific visualization of PMSA-positive tumors using both radionuclide and fluorescence imaging in mice. CONCLUSION The new high-affinity dual-labeled PSMA-targeting ligands with optimized backbone compositions showed increased tumor targeting and enabled multimodal image-guided PCa surgery combined with targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne H W Derks
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanne A M van Lith
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helene I V Amatdjais-Groenen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke W M Wouters
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Kip
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Laverman
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W P M Löwik
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Metamorphosis of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:303-315. [PMID: 35340601 PMCID: PMC8921357 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also called glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP(II)), is a Zn-dependent metalloprotease that is known as a well prostate cancer indication and a potential targeting towards anti-cancer medicines and drug delivery. Because of its centrality in the diagnostics and treatment of prostate cancer, several types of inhibitors are designed with particular scaffolds. In this study, important groups of related inhibitors as well as reported experimental and computational studies are being reviewed, in which we examined three functional groups on each group of structures. The importance of computational biochemistry and the necessity of extensive research in this area on PSMA and its effective ligands are recommended.
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29
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Siow A, Tasma Z, Walker CS, Brimble MA, Harris PWR. Synthesis and development of seven-membered constrained cyclic urea based PSMA inhibitors via RCM. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular ring-closing metathesis on an N,N-diallyl Glu-urea-Gly substrate affords 7-membered cyclic ureas as inhibitors of prostrate specific membrane antigen (PMSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Siow
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Zoe Tasma
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul. W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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30
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Hu Q, Padron K, Hara D, Shi J, Pollack A, Prabhakar R, Tao W. Interactions of Urea-Based Inhibitors with Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33354-33369. [PMID: 34926886 PMCID: PMC8674901 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, molecular interactions of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with five chemically distinct urea-based boron-containing inhibitors have been investigated at the atomic level using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The PSMA-inhibitor complexations have been analyzed by comparing their binding modes, secondary structures, root-mean-square deviations, noncovalent interactions, principal components, and binding free energies. PSMA is a cell surface glycoprotein upregulated in cancerous cells and can be targeted by boron-labeled inhibitors for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The effective BNCT requires the selective boron delivery to the tumor area and highly specific PSMA-mediated cellular uptake by tumor. Thus, a potent inhibitor must exhibit both high binding affinity and high boron density. The computational results suggest that the chemical nature of inhibitors affects the binding mode and their association with PSMA is primarily dominated by hydrogen bonding, salt bridge, electrostatic, and π-π interactions. The binding free energies (-28.0, -15.2, -43.9, -23.2, and -38.2 kcal/mol) calculated using λ-dynamics for all inhibitors (In1-5) predict preferential binding that is in accordance with experimental data. Among all inhibitors, In5 was found to be the best candidate for BNCT. The binding of this inhibitor to PSMA preserved its overall secondary structure. These results provide computational insights into the coordination flexibility of PSMA and its interaction with various inhibitors. They can be used for the design and synthesis of efficient BNCT agents with improved drug selectivity and high boron percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Kevin Padron
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Daiki Hara
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Wensi Tao
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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31
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Petrov SA, Zyk NY, Machulkin AE, Beloglazkina EK, Majouga AG. PSMA-targeted low-molecular double conjugates for diagnostics and therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113752. [PMID: 34464875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review presents data on dual conjugates of therapeutic and diagnostic action for targeted delivery to prostate cancer cells. The works of the last ten years on this topic were analyzed. The mail attention focuses on low-molecular-weight conjugates directed to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA); the comparison of high and low molecular weight PSMA-targeted conjugates was made. The considered conjugates were divided in the review into two main classes: diagnostic bimodal conjugates (which are containing two fragments for different types of diagnostics), theranostic conjugates (containing both therapeutic and diagnostic agents); also bimodal high molecular weight therapeutic conjugates containing two therapeutic agents are briefly discussed. The data of in vitro and in vivo studies for PSMA-targeted double conjugates available by the beginning of 2021 have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Y Zyk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander G Majouga
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia; Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Meher N, Seo K, Wang S, Bidkar AP, Fogarty M, Dhrona S, Huang X, Tang R, Blaha C, Evans MJ, Raleigh DR, Jun YW, VanBrocklin HF, Desai TA, Wilson DM, Ozawa T, Flavell RR. Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Assessment of Carborane-Loaded Theranostic Nanoparticles to Target Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54739-54752. [PMID: 34752058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an encouraging therapeutic modality for cancer treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell membrane protein that is abundantly overexpressed in prostate cancer and can be targeted with radioligand therapies to stimulate clinical responses in patients. In principle, a spatially targeted neutron beam together with specifically targeted PSMA ligands could enable prostate cancer-targeted BNCT. Thus, we developed and tested PSMA-targeted poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with carborane and tethered to the radiometal chelator deferoxamine B (DFB) for simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and selective delivery of boron to prostate cancer. Monomeric PLGA-b-PEGs were covalently functionalized with either DFB or the PSMA ligand ACUPA. Different nanoparticle formulations were generated by nanoemulsification of the corresponding unmodified and DFB- or ACUPA-modified monomers in varying percent fractions. The nanoparticles were efficiently labeled with 89Zr and were subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluation. The optimized DFB(25)ACUPA(75) NPs exhibited strong in vitro binding to PSMA in direct binding and competition radioligand binding assays in PSMA(+) PC3-Pip cells. [89Zr]DFB(25) NPs and [89Zr]DFB(25)ACUPA(75) NPs were injected to mice with bilateral PSMA(-) PC3-Flu and PSMA(+) PC3-Pip dual xenografts. The NPs demonstrated twofold superior accumulation in PC3-Pip tumors to that of PC3-Flu tumors with a tumor/blood ratio of 25; however, no substantial effect of the ACUPA ligands was detected. Moreover, fast release of carborane from the NPs was observed, resulting in a low boron delivery to tumors in vivo. In summary, these data demonstrate the synthesis, characterization, and initial biological assessment of PSMA-targeted, carborane-loaded PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles and establish the foundation for future efforts to enable their best use in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kyounghee Seo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Anil P Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Miko Fogarty
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Young-Wook Jun
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Tomoko Ozawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
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33
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Frontera A, Bauzá A. Glutamate carboxypeptidase II as a model system for designing host-guest units: a theoretical approach. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7816-7821. [PMID: 34549237 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through the combination of X-ray structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations at the B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory, we designed and investigated two novel host units for the recognition of neutral (e.g. halobenzenes) and charged (e.g. chloride and nitrate) guests inspired by a glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) system and its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crts de Valldemossa km 7.6, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain.
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crts de Valldemossa km 7.6, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain.
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Zhang J, Rakhimbekova A, Duan X, Yin Q, Foss CA, Fan Y, Xu Y, Li X, Cai X, Kutil Z, Wang P, Yang Z, Zhang N, Pomper MG, Wang Y, Bařinka C, Yang X. A prostate-specific membrane antigen activated molecular rotor for real-time fluorescence imaging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5460. [PMID: 34526506 PMCID: PMC8443597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery is an efficient way to treat localized prostate cancer (PCa), however, it is challenging to demarcate rapidly and accurately the tumor boundary intraoperatively, as existing tumor detection methods are seldom performed in real-time. To overcome those limitations, we develop a fluorescent molecular rotor that specifically targets the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an established marker for PCa. The probes have picomolar affinity (IC50 = 63-118 pM) for PSMA and generate virtually instantaneous onset of robust fluorescent signal proportional to the concentration of the PSMA-probe complex. In vitro and ex vivo experiments using PCa cell lines and clinical samples, respectively, indicate the utility of the probe for biomedical applications, including real-time monitoring of endocytosis and tumor staging. Experiments performed in a PCa xenograft model reveal suitability of the probe for imaging applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Anastasia Rakhimbekova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaojiang Duan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine A Foss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
- The Institute of Urology, Peking University, 100034, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, 100034, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
- The Institute of Urology, Peking University, 100034, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, 100034, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Xuekang Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Zsofia Kutil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Cyril Bařinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Stemler T, Hoffmann C, Hierlmeier IM, Maus S, Krause E, Ezziddin S, Jung G, Bartholomä MD. A Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Bimodal BODIPY-Labeled PSMA-Targeting Bioconjugates. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2535-2545. [PMID: 33905162 PMCID: PMC8453963 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify a high-affinity BODIPY peptidomimetic that targets the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a potential bimodal imaging probe for prostate cancer. For the structure-activity study, several BODIPY (difluoroboron dipyrromethene) derivatives with varying spacers between the BODIPY dye and the PSMA Glu-CO-Lys binding motif were prepared. Corresponding affinities were determined by competitive binding assays in PSMA-positive LNCaP cells. One compound was identified with comparable affinity (IC50 =21.5±0.1 nM) to Glu-CO-Lys-Ahx-HBED-CC (PSMA-11) (IC50 =18.4±0.2 nM). Radiolabeling was achieved by Lewis-acid-mediated 19 F/18 F exchange in moderate molar activities (∼0.7 MBq nmol-1 ) and high radiochemical purities (>99 %) with mean radiochemical yields of 20-30 %. Cell internalization of the 18 F-labeled high-affinity conjugate was demonstrated in LNCaP cells showing gradual increasing PSMA-mediated internalization over time. By fluorescence microscopy, localization of the high-affinity BODIPY-PSMA conjugate was found in the cell membrane at early time points and also in subcellular compartments at later time points. In summary, a high-affinity BODIPY-PSMA conjugate has been identified as a suitable candidate for the development of PSMA-specific dual-imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Stemler
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSaarland University – Medical CenterKirrbergerstrasse66421HomburgGermany
| | - Caroline Hoffmann
- Department of Biophysical ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus B2 266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Ina M. Hierlmeier
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSaarland University – Medical CenterKirrbergerstrasse66421HomburgGermany
| | - Stephan Maus
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSaarland University – Medical CenterKirrbergerstrasse66421HomburgGermany
| | - Elmar Krause
- Department of Cellular NeurophysiologyCenter for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM)Saarland UniversityKirrbergerstrasse66421HomburgGermany
| | - Samer Ezziddin
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSaarland University – Medical CenterKirrbergerstrasse66421HomburgGermany
| | - Gregor Jung
- Department of Biophysical ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus B2 266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Mark D. Bartholomä
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSaarland University – Medical CenterKirrbergerstrasse66421HomburgGermany
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36
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El Fakiri M, Geis NM, Ayada N, Eder M, Eder AC. PSMA-Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals for Prostate Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163967. [PMID: 34439121 PMCID: PMC8393521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men is adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Once the disease is metastatic, only very limited treatment options are available, resulting in a very short median survival time of 13 months; however, this reality is gradually changing due to the discovery of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein that is present in cancerous prostate tissue. Researchers have developed pharmaceuticals specific for PSMA, ranging from antibodies (mAb) to low-molecular weight molecules coupled to beta minus and alpha-emitting radionuclides for their use in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). TRT offers the possibility of selectively removing cancer tissue via the emission of radiation or radioactive particles within the tumour. In this article, the major milestones in PSMA ligand research and the therapeutic developments are summarised, together with a future perspective on the enhancement of current therapeutic approaches. Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men, with 1.3 million yearly cases worldwide. Among those cancer-afflicted men, 30% will develop metastases and some will progress into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is associated with a poor prognosis and median survival time that ranges from nine to 13 months. Nevertheless, the discovery of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a marker overexpressed in the majority of prostatic cancerous tissue, revolutionised PC care. Ever since, PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy has gained remarkable international visibility in translational oncology. Furthermore, on first clinical application, it has shown significant influence on therapeutic management and patient care in metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer, a disease that previously had remained immedicable. In this article, we provide a general overview of the main milestones in the development of ligands for PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy, ranging from the firstly developed monoclonal antibodies to the current state-of-the-art low molecular weight entities conjugated with various radionuclides, as well as potential future efforts related to PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Fakiri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas M. Geis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nawal Ayada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-74220
| | - Ann-Christin Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Siow A, Kowalczyk R, Brimble MA, Harris PWR. Evolution of Peptide-Based Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Inhibitors: An Approach to Novel Prostate Cancer Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3713-3752. [PMID: 33023429 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201006153847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with approximately 1.1 million cases diagnosed annually. The rapid development of molecular imaging has facilitated greater structural understanding, which can help formulate novel combinations of therapeutic regimens and more accurate diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary prostate biopsies. This accumulated knowledge also provides a greater understanding of the aggressive stages of the disease and tumor recurrence. Recently, much progress has been made on developing peptidomimetic-based inhibitors as promising candidates to effectively bind to the prostate- specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is expressed by prostate cancer cells. OBJECTIVE In this review, recent advances covering small-molecule and peptide-based PSMA inhibitors will be extensively reviewed, providing a base for the rational design of future PSMA inhibitors. METHOD Herein, the literature on selected PSMA inhibitors that have been developed from 1996 to 2020 were reviewed, emphasizing recent synthetic advances and chemical strategies whilst highlighting therapeutic potential and drawbacks of each inhibitor. RESULTS Synthesized inhibitors presented in this review demonstrate the clinical application of certain PSMA inhibitors, exhibited in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION This review highlights the clinical potential of PSMA inhibitors, analyzing the advantages and setbacks of the chemical synthetic methodologies utilized, setting precedence for the discovery of novel PSMA inhibitors for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Siow
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Private Bag: 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Renata Kowalczyk
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Private Bag: 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Private Bag: 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Private Bag: 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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38
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Young JD, Ma MT, Eykyn TR, Atkinson RA, Abbate V, Cilibrizzi A, Hider RC, Blower PJ. Dipeptide inhibitors of the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA): A comparison of urea and thiourea derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 42:128044. [PMID: 33865971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP(II)), also known as the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), is a transmembrane zinc(II) metalloenzyme overexpressed in prostate cancer. Inhibitors of this receptor are used to target molecular imaging agents and molecular radiotherapy agents to prostate cancer and if the affinity of inhibitors for GCP(II)/PSMA could be improved, targeting might also improve. Compounds containing the dipeptide OH-Lys-C(O)-Glu-OH (compound 3), incorporating a urea motif, have high affinity for GCP(II)/PSMA. We hypothesized that substituting the zinc-coordinating urea group for a thiourea group, thus incorporating a sulfur atom, could facilitate stronger binding to zinc(II) within the active site, and thus improve affinity for GCP(II)/PSMA. A structurally analogous urea and thiourea pair (HO-Glu-C(O)-Glu-OH - compound 5 and HO-Glu-C(S)-Glu-OH - compound 6) were synthesized and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each compound measured with a cell-based assay, allowing us to refute the hypothesis: the thiourea analogue showed 100-fold weaker binding to PSMA than the urea analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Young
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Michelle T Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - R Andrew Atkinson
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert C Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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39
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Ha H, Kwon H, Lim T, Jang J, Park SK, Byun Y. Inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen in the diagnosis and therapy of metastatic prostate cancer - a review of patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:525-547. [PMID: 33459068 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1878145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II, is a potential target protein for imaging and treatment of patients with prostate cancer because of its overexpression during metastasis. Various PSMA-targeted imaging and therapeutic probes have been designed and synthesized based on the Lys-urea-Glu motif. Structural modifications have been made exclusively in the linker region, while maintaining the Lys-urea-Glu structure that interacts with S1 and S1' pockets. AREA COVERED This review includes WIPO-listed patents (from January 2017 to June 2020) reporting PSMA-targeted probes based on the Lys-urea-Glu or Glu-urea-Glu structure. EXPERT OPINION : PSMA-targeted imaging agents labeled with radionuclides such as fluorine-18, copper-64, gallium-68, and technetium-99m have been successfully translated into clinical phase for the early diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer. Recently, PSMA-targeted therapeutic agents labeled with iodine-131, lutetium-177, astatine-211, and lead-212 have also been developed with notable progress. Most PSMA-targeted agents are based on the Lys-urea-Glu or Glu-urea-Glu structure, demonstrate strong PSMA-binding affinity in nanomolar range, and achieve diverse structural modifications in the non-pharmacophore pocket. By exploiting the S1 accessory pocket or the tunnel region of the PSMA active site, the in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic profiles of the PMSA-targeted agents can be effectively modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Hongmok Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Taehyeong Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, South Korea
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40
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Martin S, Tönnesmann R, Hierlmeier I, Maus S, Rosar F, Ruf J, Holland JP, Ezziddin S, Bartholomä MD. Identification, Characterization, and Suppression of Side Products Formed during the Synthesis of [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4960-4971. [PMID: 33826320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, radiolabeled tracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have had a tremendous impact on prostate cancer management. Here, we report on the formation of radioactive impurities formed during the clinical production of 177Lu-labeled PSMA-617. We provide compelling evidence that these impurities are the result of a spontaneous, thermally mediated condensation reaction of the Glu-CO-Lys moiety resulting in the formation of three different five-membered ring systems. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the condensation and cyclization of the Glu-CO-Lys moiety is thermodynamically spontaneous. In cell experiments, no affinity of these cyclized compounds toward PSMA was observed. HPLC analyses of urine samples from patient studies showed rapid renal excretion of these radioactive cyclized species. Radiolabeling conditions were identified that significantly reduced the formation of cyclized side products yielding 177Lu-labeled PSMA-617 in high radiochemical yield and purity in concordance with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University-Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue de Bugnon 25A, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roswitha Tönnesmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Hierlmeier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University-Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Maus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University-Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rosar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University-Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Juri Ruf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jason P Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samer Ezziddin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University-Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mark D Bartholomä
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University-Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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41
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Satpati D. Recent Breakthrough in 68Ga-Radiopharmaceuticals Cold Kits for Convenient PET Radiopharmacy. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:430-447. [PMID: 33630583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
68Ga-PET has emerged as an important diagnostic tool for precise detection and monitoring of oncological situations. Availability, cost, and radiosynthesis procedure are determining steps for success of a radioisotope/radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine. Availability of 68Ga from a 68Ge/68Ga generator containing a long-lived parent radioisotope (68Ge: t1/2 = 271 days) and an inexpensive, simplified production of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals through kit methodology has allowed smooth accommodation of 68Ga-PET in clinics. The uncomplicated formulation of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals from a lyophilized, cold kit is an impending breakthrough in clinical PET. The huge success of 68Ga in neuroendocrine tumor and prostate cancer imaging along with the regulatory approval of respective cold kits has opened a pathway for development of kits for other evolving radiotracers. There is a definite scope for increased participation of commercial manufacturers and distributors of cold kits to spread the potential of 68Ga worldwide across all the geographical locations and satellite centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
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42
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Lee BS, Chu SY, Jung WJ, Jeong HJ, Lee K, Kim MH, Kim MH, Chi DY, Ahn H, Lee YJ, Lee KC, Lim SM. 18 F-labeled 1,2,3-triazole-linked Glu-urea-Lys-based PSMA ligands have good pharmacokinetic properties for positron emission tomography imaging of prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:1383-1393. [PMID: 32960990 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is increasingly recognized as an excellent target for prostate cancer imaging and therapy. Finding compounds with a high target-to-nontarget ratio are an important challenge in the development of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. In this study, we attempted to find a suitable compound from a simply-synthesized compound library. METHOD 18 F-labeling was achieved in a two-step synthesis consisting of [18 F]fluorination of azido sulfonates followed by copper(I)-catalyzed click ligation. In vitro binding experiment and in vivo studies were carried out using isogenic PSMA+ PC3-PIP and PSMA- PC3-flu cells and 22RV1 cells. [125 I]MIP-1095 was used to measure the binding affinities of compounds through a competitive binding assay, and [18 F]DCFPyL was used for a comparative assessment of compounds. Radiation dosimetry data were obtained using OLINDA/EXM software. RESULTS Nine novel PSMA ligands were synthesized by the combination of three azido compounds and three terminal acetylene-containing Glu-urea-Lys compounds. Among them, compound 6f having a pyridine moiety showed a high binding affinity of 6.51 ± 0.19 nM (Ki ). 18 F-labeled compounds were obtained at moderate yields within 70 to 75 minutes (including high-performance liquid chromatography purification). Compound [18 F]6c had the lowest log P of -2.693. MicroPET/computed tomography (CT) images were acquired from 22RV1 cell xenograft mice after injecting [18 F]6c, [18 F]6f, and [18 F]6i. Additional microPET/CT experiments of [18 F]6c and [18 F]6f were performed using PSMA+ PC3-PIP and PSMA- PC3-flu cell-bearing mice. [18 F]6c was selected for further studies because it was found to have high uptake in tumors and rapid renal clearance, resulting in great tumor-to-nontumor ratios and distinct tumor images with very low background activity. Human dosimetry estimation of [18 F]6c using OLINDA/EXM software was calculated, resulting in an effective dose of 4.35 × 10-3 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS [18 F]6c showed significant tumor uptake, a high tumor-to-nontumor ratio, and good radiation dosimetry results, suggesting further development as a potential diagnostic PET agent for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Se Lee
- Research Institute of Labeling, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Chu
- Research Institute of Labeling, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Jung Jung
- Research Institute of Labeling, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Jeong
- Research Institute of Labeling, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongkyu Lee
- Research Institute of Labeling, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Labeling, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Kim
- Research Institute of Labeling, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yoon Chi
- Research Institute of Labeling, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Ahn
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moo Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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43
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Pastorino S, Riondato M, Uccelli L, Giovacchini G, Giovannini E, Duce V, Ciarmiello A. Toward the Discovery and Development of PSMA Targeted Inhibitors for Nuclear Medicine Applications. Curr Radiopharm 2020; 13:63-79. [PMID: 31362683 PMCID: PMC7509769 DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666190729151540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising incidence rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has promoted the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals during the last decades. Promising improvements have been achieved in clinical practice using prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) labeled agents, including specific antibodies and small molecular weight inhibitors. Focusing on molecular docking studies, this review aims to highlight the progress in the design of PSMA targeted agents for a potential use in nuclear medicine. RESULTS Although the first development of radiopharmaceuticals able to specifically recognize PSMA was exclusively oriented to macromolecule protein structure such as radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies and derivatives, the isolation of the crystal structure of PSMA served as the trigger for the synthesis and the further evaluation of a variety of low molecular weight inhibitors. Among the nuclear imaging probes and radiotherapeutics that have been developed and tested till today, labeled Glutamate-ureido inhibitors are the most prevalent PSMA-targeting agents for nuclear medicine applications. CONCLUSION PSMA represents for researchers the most attractive target for the detection and treatment of patients affected by PCa using nuclear medicine modalities. [99mTc]MIP-1404 is considered the tracer of choice for SPECT imaging and [68Ga]PSMA-11 is the leading diagnostic for PET imaging by general consensus. [18F]DCFPyL and [18F]PSMA-1007 are clearly the emerging PET PSMA candidates for their great potential for a widespread commercial distribution. After paving the way with new imaging tools, academic and industrial R&Ds are now focusing on the development of PSMA inhibitors labeled with alpha or beta minus emitters for a theragnostic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pastorino
- Nuclear Medicine Department, S. Andrea Hospital, Via Vittorio Veneto 197, 19124 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Mattia Riondato
- Nuclear Medicine Department, S. Andrea Hospital, Via Vittorio Veneto 197, 19124 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Licia Uccelli
- Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampiero Giovacchini
- Nuclear Medicine Department, S. Andrea Hospital, Via Vittorio Veneto 197, 19124 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giovannini
- Nuclear Medicine Department, S. Andrea Hospital, Via Vittorio Veneto 197, 19124 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Valerio Duce
- Nuclear Medicine Department, S. Andrea Hospital, Via Vittorio Veneto 197, 19124 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciarmiello
- Nuclear Medicine Department, S. Andrea Hospital, Via Vittorio Veneto 197, 19124 La Spezia, Italy
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44
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Kwon H, Lim H, Ha H, Choi D, Son SH, Nam H, Minn I, Byun Y. Structure-activity relationship studies of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors derived from α-amino acid with (S)- or (R)-configuration at P1′ region. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Cardinale J, Roscher M, Schäfer M, Geerlings M, Benešová M, Bauder-Wüst U, Remde Y, Eder M, Nováková Z, Motlová L, Barinka C, Giesel FL, Kopka K. Development of PSMA-1007-Related Series of 18F-Labeled Glu-Ureido-Type PSMA Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10897-10907. [PMID: 32852205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a number of drugs targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have become important tools in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. In the present work, we report on the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a series of 18F-labeled PSMA ligands for diagnostic application based on the theragnostic ligand PSMA-617. By applying modifications to the linker structure, insight into the structure-activity relationship could be gained, highlighting the importance of hydrophilicity and stereoselectivity on interaction with PSMA and hence the biodistribution. Selected compounds were co-crystallized with the PSMA protein and analyzed by X-rays with mixed results. Among these, PSMA-1007 (compound 5) showed the best interaction with the PSMA protein. The respective radiotracer [18F]PSMA-1007 was translated into the clinic and is, in the meantime, subject of advanced clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Cardinale
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mareike Roscher
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Geerlings
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Benešová
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauder-Wüst
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Remde
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zora Nováková
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Motlová
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Frederik L Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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46
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Böhmer VI, Szymanski W, van den Berg K, Mulder C, Kobauri P, Helbert H, van der Born D, Reeβing F, Huizing A, Klopstra M, Samplonius DF, Antunes IF, Sijbesma JWA, Luurtsema G, Helfrich W, Visser TJ, Feringa BL, Elsinga PH. Modular Medical Imaging Agents Based on Azide-Alkyne Huisgen Cycloadditions: Synthesis and Pre-Clinical Evaluation of 18 F-Labeled PSMA-Tracers for Prostate Cancer Imaging. Chemistry 2020; 26:10871-10881. [PMID: 32315486 PMCID: PMC7496508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since the seminal contribution of Rolf Huisgen to develop the [3+2] cycloaddition of 1,3-dipolar compounds, its azide-alkyne variant has established itself as the key step in numerous organic syntheses and bioorthogonal processes in materials science and chemical biology. In the present study, the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was applied for the development of a modular molecular platform for medical imaging of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), using positron emission tomography. This process is shown from molecular design, through synthesis automation and in vitro studies, all the way to pre-clinical in vivo evaluation of fluorine-18- labeled PSMA-targeting 'F-PSMA-MIC' radiotracers (t1/2 =109.7 min). Pre-clinical data indicate that the modular PSMA-scaffold has similar binding affinity and imaging properties to the clinically used [68 Ga]PSMA-11. Furthermore, we demonstrated that targeting the arene-binding in PSMA, facilitated through the [3+2]cycloaddition, can improve binding affinity, which was rationalized by molecular modeling. The here presented PSMA-binding scaffold potentially facilitates easy coupling to other medical imaging moieties, enabling future developments of new modular imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena I. Böhmer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Keimpe‐Oeds van den Berg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Chantal Mulder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Piermichele Kobauri
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hugo Helbert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Friederike Reeβing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anja Huizing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Douwe F. Samplonius
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ines F. Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jürgen W. A. Sijbesma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AFGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
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47
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Noor A, Van Zuylekom JK, Rudd SE, Waldeck K, Roselt PD, Haskali MB, Wheatcroft MP, Yan E, Hicks RJ, Cullinane C, Donnelly PS. Bivalent Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Conjugated to Desferrioxamine B Squaramide Labeled with Zirconium-89 or Gallium-68 for Diagnostic Imaging of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9258-9270. [PMID: 32786229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a carboxypeptidase that is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is an excellent candidate for targeted diagnostic imaging and therapy. Lysine-ureido-glutamate inhibitors of PSMA radiolabeled with positron-emitting radionuclides can be used for diagnostic imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). A squaramide ester derivative of desferrioxamine B (H3DFOSq) was used to prepare four new agents with either one or two lysine-ureido-glutamate pharmacophores. The H3DFOSq ligand can be used to form stable complexes with either of the positron-emitting radionuclides gallium-68 (t1/2 = 68 min) or zirconium-89 (t1/2 = 3.3 days). The complexes were evaluated in PSMA-positive xenograft mouse models. Bivalent inhibitors, where two pharmacophores are tethered to a single DFOSq ligand, have better tumor uptake than their monovalent analogues. The ligands presented here, which can be labeled with either gallium-68 or zirconium-89, have the potential to increase the number of clinical sites that can perform diagnostic PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Noor
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly Waldeck
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Peter D Roselt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Haskali
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Michael P Wheatcroft
- Telix Pharmaceuticals Limited, Suite 401, 55 Flemington Road, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
| | - Eddie Yan
- Telix Pharmaceuticals Limited, Suite 401, 55 Flemington Road, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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48
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Bechlem K, Aissaoui M, Belhani B, Rachedi KO, Bouacida S, Bahadi R, Djouad SE, Ben Mansour R, Bouaziz M, Almalki F, Ben Hadda T, Berredjem M. Synthesis, X-ray crystallographic study and molecular docking of new α-sulfamidophosphonates: POM analyses of their cytotoxic activity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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49
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Duan X, Liu F, Kwon H, Byun Y, Minn I, Cai X, Zhang J, Pomper MG, Yang Z, Xi Z, Yang X. (S)-3-(Carboxyformamido)-2-(3-(carboxymethyl)ureido)propanoic Acid as a Novel PSMA Targeting Scaffold for Prostate Cancer Imaging. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3563-3576. [PMID: 32207938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Duan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Futao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hongmok Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Xuekang Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jingming Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100191. China
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50
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Mosayebnia M, Hajimahdi Z, Beiki D, Rezaeianpour M, Hajiramezanali M, Geramifar P, Sabzevari O, Amini M, Hatamabadi D, Shahhosseini S. Design, synthesis, radiolabeling and biological evaluation of new urea-based peptides targeting prostate specific membrane antigen. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103743. [PMID: 32217372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Prostate cancer (PCa) plays a vital role in successful treatment increasing the survival rate of patients. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) is over-expressed in almost all types of PCa. The goal of present study is to introduce new 99mTc-labeled peptides as a PSMA inhibitor for specific detection of PCa at early stages. Based on published PSMA-targeting compounds, a set of peptides bearing the well-known Glu-Urea-Lys pharmacophore and new non-urea containing pharmacophore were designed and assessed by in silico docking studies. The selected peptides were synthesized and radiolabeled with 99mTc. The in-vitro tests (log P, stability in normal saline and fresh human plasma, and affinity toward PSMA-positive LNCaP cell line) and in-vivo characterizations of radiopeptides (biodistribution and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography-Computed Tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging in normal and tumour-bearing mice) were performed. The peptides 1-3 containing Glu-Urea-Lys and Glu-GABA-Asp as pharmacophores were efficiently interacted with crystal structure of PSMA and showed the highest binding energies range from -8 to -11.2 kcal/mol. Regarding the saturation binding test, 99mTc-labeled peptide 1 had the highest binding affinity (Kd = 13.58 nM) to PSMA-positive cells. SPECT-CT imaging and biodistribution studies showed high kidneys and tumour uptake 1 h post-injection of radiopeptide 1 and 2 (%ID/g tumour = 3.62 ± 0.78 and 1.8 ± 0.32, respectively). 99mTc-peptide 1 (Glu-urea-Lys-Gly-Ala-Asp-Naphthylalanine-HYNIC-99mTc) exhibited the highest binding affinity, high radiochemical purity, the most stability and high specific accumulation in prostate tumour lesions. 99mTc-peptide 1 being of comparable efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties with the well-known PET tracer (68Ga-PSMA-11) seems to be applied as a promising SPECT imaging agent to early diagnose of PCa and consequently increase survival rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mosayebnia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hajimahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Rezaeianpour
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberclosis and Lung Diseases (NRTLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Hajiramezanali
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Geramifar
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Drug Design and Development Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Dara Hatamabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Shahhosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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