1
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Glennon RA, Dukat M. 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI): From an Obscure to Pivotal Member of the DOX Family of Serotonergic Psychedelic Agents - A Review. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1722-1745. [PMID: 38898956 PMCID: PMC11184610 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI, or DOX where X = -I) was first synthesized in 1973 in a structure-activity study to explore the effect of various aryl substituents on the then newly identified, and subsequently controlled, hallucinogenic agent 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM, or DOX where X = -CH3). Over time, DOI was found to be a serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist using various peripheral 5-HT receptor tissue assays and later, following the identification of multiple families of central 5-HT receptors, an agonist at 5-HT2 serotonin receptors in rat and, then, human brain. Today, classical hallucinogens, currently referred to as serotonergic psychedelic agents, are receiving considerable attention for their potential therapeutic application in various neuropsychiatric disorders including treatment-resistant depression. Here, we review, for the first time, the historical and current developments that led to DOI becoming a unique, perhaps a landmark, agent in 5-HT2 receptor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Glennon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Małgorzata Dukat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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2
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Mokrov GV. Multitargeting in cardioprotection: An example of biaromatic compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300196. [PMID: 37345968 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A multitarget drug design approach is actively developing in modern medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, especially with regard to multifactorial diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. A detailed study of many well-known drugs developed within the single-target approach also often reveals additional mechanisms of their real pharmacological action. One of the multitarget drug design approaches can be the identification of the basic pharmacophore models corresponding to a wide range of the required target ligands. Among such models in the group of cardioprotectors is the linked biaromatic system. This review develops the concept of a "basic pharmacophore" using the biaromatic pharmacophore of cardioprotectors as an example. It presents an analysis of possible biological targets for compounds corresponding to the biaromatic pharmacophore and an analysis of the spectrum of biological targets for the five most known and most studied cardioprotective drugs corresponding to this model, and their involvement in the biological effects of these drugs.
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3
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Liu YY, Qu YL, Kang YS, Zhu YL, Sun WY, Lu Y. Mild Three-Step Consecutive C-H Activations. Org Lett 2022; 24:3118-3122. [PMID: 35475650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the Rh-catalyzed consecutive C-H bond olefination/annulation/olefination cascade, tandemly directed by sulfonamide and ester groups, has been developed under mild conditions with the assistance of 1-adamantane carboxylic acid. A seven-membered metallacycle including an ester group was preferred to the five-membered one including a sulfonamide group for the third C-H activation. In this transformation, the Rh catalyst exhibits its high reactivity by catalyzing a triple C-H activation process with a low catalyst loading at 50 °C. This method can be applied in the construction of various pharmaceutical derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Liu
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan-Lu Qu
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan-Shang Kang
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue-Lu Zhu
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Yin Sun
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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4
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Bai C, Chao B, Muschin T, Bao A, Baiyin M, Liu D, Bao YS. Regiodivergent CDC reactions of aromatic aldehydes with unactivated arenes controlled by transient directing strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11229-11232. [PMID: 34633012 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The regiodivergent catalytic dehydrogenative cross-coupling reactions at both sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbons of aromatic compounds are particularly challenging. Herein, we report the finding of transient directing group controlled regiodivergent C(sp3)-C(sp2) and C(sp2)-C(sp2) cross-coupling in the o-methyl benzaldehyde frameworks. Catalyzed by palladium, using K2S2O8 or [F+] reagents as by-standing oxidants and unactivated arenes as substrates/solvents, various benzyl benzaldehydes or phenyl benzaldehydes were prepared. A mechanism study indicated that the regiospecificity is dominated by the [5,6]-fused palladacycle or [6,5]-fused palladacycle intermediates, which are generated from Pd-chelation with specified transient directing groups and further C-H activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolumen Bai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
| | - Bao Chao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
| | - Tegshi Muschin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
| | - Agula Bao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
| | - Menghe Baiyin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
| | - Yong-Sheng Bao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
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5
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Kuang C, Zhou X, Xie Q, Ni C, Gu Y, Hu J. Generation of Carbocations under Photoredox Catalysis: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution with 1-Fluoroalkylbenzyl Bromides. Org Lett 2020; 22:8670-8675. [PMID: 33095022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation of arenes to access valuable 1-fluoroalkyl-1,1-biaryl compounds is established under mild conditions. The key to success is the efficient generation of a destabilized benzylic carbocation intermediate via two consecutive single-electron transfer processes by virtue of visible-light photoredox catalysis. This unique activation pattern avoids using strong Lewis acids and high temperatures that are required for generation of destabilized carbocations in traditional Friedel-Crafts reactions. This protocol demonstrates the first example of photoredox-catalyzed heterolysis of electronically deactivated benzylic C-Br bonds for the formation of destabilized carbocation intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Ding M, Hua W, Liu M, Zhang F. Pd-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H Biarylation via Transient Directing Group Strategy. Org Lett 2020; 22:7419-7423. [PMID: 32946696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a highly selective Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H biarylation of 2-methylbenzaldehydes using cyclic diaryliodonium salts as arylation reagents. The key strategy is the employment of tert-leucine as a bidentate transient directing group for the proximity-driven metalation to achieve reactivity and selectivity in C-H activation. Various functionalized biaryls bearing both aldehyde and iodine functional groups were prepared successfully, which could be further transformed into a wide range of compounds with potential applications in pharmaceutical chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fengzhi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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7
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Wen F, Li Z. Glycinamide hydrochloride as a transient directing group: Synthesis of 2-benzylbenzaldehydes by C(sp3)−H arylation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1802759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wen
- College of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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8
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Wen F, Li Z. Semicarbazide: A Transient Directing Group for C(
sp
3
)−H Arylation of 2‐Methylbenzaldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wen
- Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
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9
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Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron‐Catalyzed C(
sp
2
)−C(
sp
3
) Cross‐Coupling of Chlorobenzamides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents: Development of Catalyst System, Synthetic Scope, and Application. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 United States
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10
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Kumar R, Jade D, Gupta D. A novel identification approach for discovery of 5-HydroxyTriptamine 2A antagonists: combination of 2D/3D similarity screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:931-943. [PMID: 29468945 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1444509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
5-HydroxyTriptamine 2A antagonists are potential targets for treatment of various cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we have developed and performed a unique screening pipeline for filtering ZINC database compounds on the basis of similarities to known antagonists to determine novel small molecule antagonists of 5-HydroxyTriptamine 2A. The screening pipeline is based on 2D similarity, 3D dissimilarity and a combination of 2D/3D similarity. The shortlisted compounds were docked to a 5-HydroxyTriptamine 2A homology-based model, and complexes with low binding energies (287 complexes) were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in a lipid bilayer. The MD simulations of the shortlisted compounds in complex with 5-HydroxyTriptamine 2A confirmed the stability of the complexes and revealed novel interaction insights. The receptor residues S239, N343, S242, S159, Y370 and D155 predominantly participate in hydrogen bonding. π-π stacking is observed in F339, F340, F234, W151 and W336, whereas hydrophobic interactions are observed amongst V156, F339, F234, V362, V366, F340, V235, I152 and W151. The known and potential antagonists shortlisted by us have similar overlapping molecular interaction patterns. The 287 potential 5-HydroxyTriptamine 2A antagonists may be experimentally verified.
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Key Words
- , tanimoto coefficient
- 2D similarity
- 2D, two-dimensional space
- 2D/3D screening
- 3D similarity
- 3D, three-dimensional space
- 5HT
- 5HT, 5-HydroxyTryptamine
- ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders
- BLAST, basic local alignment search tool
- CNS, central nervous system
- Cl ions, chloride ions
- DOPE, discrete optimized protein energy
- G-protein coupled receptor
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors
- HB, hydrogen bond
- HBA, hydrogen bond acceptors
- HBD, hydrogen bond donors
- JC virus, John Cunningham virus
- Ki, equilibrium dissociation constant for the ligand
- LBVS, ligand-based virtual screening
- MD, molecular dynamic
- MSD, mean square displacement
- MW, molecular weight
- NHB, number of hydrogen bonds
- OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder
- P5/P95, percentile calculation
- PAINS, Pan assay interference compounds
- PDB, protein data bank
- PLIP, protein–ligand interaction profiler
- PME, Particle Mesh Ewald
- PNS, peripheral nervous system
- POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- RMSD, root mean square deviation
- RMSF, root mean square fluctuations
- Rg, radius of gyration
- SASA, solvent accessible surface area
- SCA, stochastic clustering algorithm
- SD, steepest descent
- SDF, structure data file
- SPC, single point charge
- SPD, simple point charge
- SSE, secondary structure elements
- Sn-1/sn-2, Stereospecific number
- TM, Transmembrane
- TPSA, topological polar surface area
- drug discovery
- fs, femtosecond
- kJ/mol, kilo Joule per mol
- kcal/mol, kilocalorie per mole sn-1
- ligand-based virtual screening
- nm, nanomolar
- ns, nanosecond
- Å Ångström
- β2-AR, β2 adrenergic receptor
- μM, micromolar
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- a Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Dhananjay Jade
- a Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- a Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 , India
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11
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Pensa AV, Cinelli MA, Li H, Chreifi G, Mukherjee P, Roman LJ, Martásek P, Poulos TL, Silverman RB. Hydrophilic, Potent, and Selective 7-Substituted 2-Aminoquinolines as Improved Human Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7146-7165. [PMID: 28776992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is a target for development of antineurodegenerative agents. Most nNOS inhibitors mimic l-arginine and have poor bioavailability. 2-Aminoquinolines showed promise as bioavailable nNOS inhibitors but suffered from low human nNOS inhibition, low selectivity versus human eNOS, and significant binding to other CNS targets. We aimed to improve human nNOS potency and selectivity and reduce off-target binding by (a) truncating the original scaffold or (b) introducing a hydrophilic group to interrupt the lipophilic, promiscuous pharmacophore and promote interaction with human nNOS-specific His342. We synthesized both truncated and polar 2-aminoquinoline derivatives and assayed them against recombinant NOS enzymes. Although aniline and pyridine derivatives interact with His342, benzonitriles conferred the best rat and human nNOS inhibition. Both introduction of a hydrophobic substituent next to the cyano group and aminoquinoline methylation considerably improved isoform selectivity. Most importantly, these modifications preserved Caco-2 permeability and reduced off-target CNS binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V Pensa
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Maris A Cinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Huiying Li
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Georges Chreifi
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Paramita Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Linda J Roman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas 78384-7760, United States
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas 78384-7760, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Center for Applied Genomics, First School of Medicine, Charles University and BIOCEV 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas L Poulos
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Richard B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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12
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Lin F, Li F, Wang C, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang L, Li Y. Mechanism Exploration of Arylpiperazine Derivatives Targeting the 5-HT 2A Receptor by In Silico Methods. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071064. [PMID: 28672848 PMCID: PMC6152085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a G-protein coupled receptor, the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor is known for its critical role in the cognitive, behavioural and physiological functions, and thus is a primary molecular target to treat psychiatric diseases, including especially depression. With purpose to explore the structural traits affecting the inhibitory activity, currently a dataset of 109 arylpiperazine derivatives as promising 5-HT2A antagonists was built, based on which the ligand-based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study by using both comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approaches was carried out. The resultant optimal CoMSIA model displays proper validity and predictability with cross-validated correlation coefficient Q² = 0.587, non-cross-validated correlation coefficient R²ncv = 0.900 and predicted correlation coefficient for the test set of compounds R²pre = 0.897, respectively. Besides, molecular docking was also conducted to investigate the binding mode between these ligands and the active site of the 5-HT2A receptor. Meanwhile, as a docking supplementary tool to study the antagonists' conformation in the binding cavity, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also performed, providing further elucidation about the changes in the ligand-receptor complex. Lastly, some new molecules were also newly-designed based on the above results that are potential arylpiperazine antagonists of 5-HT2A receptor. We hope that the present models and derived information may be of help for facilitating the optimization and design of novel potent antagonists as antidepressant drugs as well as exploring the interaction mechanism of 5-HT2A antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Henan Institute of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, Henan, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Canal CE, Cordova-Sintjago TC, Zhu W, Booth RG. Mutagenesis Analysis Reveals Distinct Amino Acids of the Human Serotonin 5-HT 2C Receptor Underlying the Pharmacology of Distinct Ligands. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:28-39. [PMID: 27580242 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While exploring the structure-activity relationship of 4-phenyl-2-dimethylaminotetralins (PATs) at serotonin 5-HT2C receptors, we discovered that relatively minor modification of PAT chemistry impacts function at 5-HT2C receptors. In HEK293 cells expressing human 5-HT2C-INI receptors, for example, (-)-trans-3'-Br-PAT and (-)-trans-3'-Cl-PAT are agonists regarding Gαq-inositol phosphate signaling, whereas (-)-trans-3'-CF3-PAT is an inverse agonist. To investigate the ligand-receptor interactions that govern this change in function, we performed site-directed mutagenesis of 14 amino acids of the 5-HT2C receptor based on molecular modeling and reported G protein-coupled receptor crystal structures, followed by molecular pharmacology studies. We found that S3.36, T3.37, and F5.47 in the orthosteric binding pocket are critical for affinity (Ki) of all PATs tested, we also found that F6.44, M6.47, C7.45, and S7.46 are primarily involved in regulating EC/IC50 functional potencies of PATs. We discovered that when residue S5.43, N6.55, or both are mutated to alanine, (-)-trans-3'-CF3-PAT switches from inverse agonist to agonist function, and when N6.55 is mutated to leucine, (-)-trans-3'-Br-PAT switches from agonist to inverse agonist function. Notably, most point-mutations that affected PAT pharmacology did not significantly alter affinity (KD) of the antagonist radioligand [3H]mesulergine, but every mutation tested negatively impacted serotonin binding. Also, amino acid mutations differentially affected the pharmacology of other commercially available 5-HT2C ligands tested. Collectively, the data show that functional outcomes shared by different ligands are mediated by different amino acids and that some 5-HT2C receptor residues important for pharmacology of one ligand are not necessarily important for another ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Clinton E. Canal
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tania C. Cordova-Sintjago
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Raymond G. Booth
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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14
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Younkin J, Gaitonde SA, Ellaithy A, Vekariya R, Baki L, Moreno JL, Shah S, Drossopoulos P, Hideshima KS, Eltit JM, González-Maeso J, Logothetis DE, Dukat M, Glennon RA. Reformulating a Pharmacophore for 5-HT2A Serotonin Receptor Antagonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1292-9. [PMID: 27385190 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pharmacophore models have been proposed for 5-HT2A serotonin receptor antagonists. These typically consist of two aromatic/hydrophobic moieties separated by a given distance from each other, and from a basic amine. Although specified distances might vary, the models are relatively similar in their general construction. Because our preliminary data indicated that two aromatic (hydrophobic) moieties might not be required for such action, we deconstructed the serotonin-dopamine antipsychotic agent risperidone (1) into four smaller structural fragments that were thoroughly examined in 5-HT2A receptor binding and functional (i.e., two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) and intracellular calcium release) assays. It was apparent that truncated risperidone analogues behaved as antagonists. In particular, 6-fluoro-3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)benzisoxazole (4) displayed high affinity for 5-HT2A receptors (Ki of ca. 12 nM) relative to risperidone (Ki of ca. 5 nM) and behaved as a potent 5-HT2A serotonin receptor antagonist. These results suggest that multiple aromatic (hydrophobic) moieties are not essential for high-affinity 5-HT2A receptor binding and antagonist activity and that current pharmacophore models for such agents are very much in need of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Younkin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Supriya A. Gaitonde
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Amr Ellaithy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Rakesh Vekariya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Lia Baki
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - José L. Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Sneha Shah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Peter Drossopoulos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Kelsey S. Hideshima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Jose Miguel Eltit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Diomedes E. Logothetis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Malgorzata Dukat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Richard A. Glennon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
School of Medicine, and ‡Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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15
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Ma F, Lei M, Hu L. Acetohydrazone: A Transient Directing Group for Arylation of Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds. Org Lett 2016; 18:2708-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. of China
| | - Min Lei
- State
key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. of China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. of China
- State
key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. of China
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16
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Deng X, Guo L, Xu L, Zhen X, Yu K, Zhao W, Fu W. Discovery of novel potent and selective ligands for 5-HT2A receptor with quinazoline scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3970-4. [PMID: 26227779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds with quinazoline scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated as novel potent 5-HT2A receptor ligands. N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-amine (5o) has a Ki value of 14.04 ± 0.21 nM, with a selectivity more than 10,000 fold over 5-HT1A receptors (D1 and D2-like receptors). The functional assay showed that this compound is an antagonist to 5-HT2A receptor with an IC50 value of 1.66 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Kunqian Yu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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17
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Versatile synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2 H )-one derivatives via intra-molecular Friedel–Crafts reaction with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Bali A, Sen U, Peshin T. Synthesis, docking and pharmacological evaluation of novel indole based potential atypical antipsychotics. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:477-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Pettersson F, Svensson P, Waters S, Waters N, Sonesson C. Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and QSAR modeling of mono-substituted 4-phenylpiperidines and 4-phenylpiperazines. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:241-55. [PMID: 23353756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of mono-substituted 4-phenylpiperidines and -piperazines have been synthesized and their effects on the dopaminergic system tested in vivo. The structure activity relationship (SAR) revealed that the position and physicochemical character of the aromatic substituent proved to be critical for the levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the brain of freely moving rats. In order to investigate how the structural properties of these compounds affect the response, a set of tabulated and calculated physicochemical descriptors were modeled against the in vivo effects using partial least square (PLS) regression. Furthermore, the binding affinities to the dopamine D2 (DA D2) receptor and monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) enzyme were determined for a chosen subset and QSAR models using the same descriptors as in the in vivo model were produced to investigate the mechanisms leading to the observed DOPAC response. These models, in combination with a strong correlation between the levels of striatal DOPAC and the affinities to DA D2 and MAO A, provides a comprehensive understanding of the biological response for compounds in this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Pettersson
- NeuroSearch Sweden AB, Arvid Wallgrens Backe 20, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden.
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20
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Lin X, Huang XP, Chen G, Whaley R, Peng S, Wang Y, Zhang G, Wang SX, Wang S, Roth BL, Huang N. Life beyond kinases: structure-based discovery of sorafenib as nanomolar antagonist of 5-HT receptors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5749-59. [PMID: 22694093 DOI: 10.1021/jm300338m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Of great interest in recent years has been computationally predicting the novel polypharmacology of drug molecules. Here, we applied an "induced-fit" protocol to improve the homology models of 5-HT(2A) receptor, and we assessed the quality of these models in retrospective virtual screening. Subsequently, we computationally screened the FDA approved drug molecules against the best induced-fit 5-HT(2A) models and chose six top scoring hits for experimental assays. Surprisingly, one well-known kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, has shown unexpected promiscuous 5-HTRs binding affinities, K(i) = 1959, 56, and 417 nM against 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C), respectively. Our preliminary SAR exploration supports the predicted binding mode and further suggests sorafenib to be a novel lead compound for 5HTR ligand discovery. Although it has been well-known that sorafenib produces anticancer effects through targeting multiple kinases, carefully designed experimental studies are desirable to fully understand whether its "off-target" 5-HTR binding activities contribute to its therapeutic efficacy or otherwise undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
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21
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Wichard JD, ter Laak A, Krause G, Heinrich N, Kühne R, Kleinau G. Chemogenomic analysis of G-protein coupled receptors and their ligands deciphers locks and keys governing diverse aspects of signalling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16811. [PMID: 21326864 PMCID: PMC3033908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of signalling in the important super-family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is causally related to questions of how and where these receptors can be activated or inhibited. In this context, it is of great interest to unravel the common molecular features of GPCRs as well as those related to an active or inactive state or to subtype specific G-protein coupling. In our underlying chemogenomics study, we analyse for the first time the statistical link between the properties of G-protein-coupled receptors and GPCR ligands. The technique of mutual information (MI) is able to reveal statistical inter-dependence between variations in amino acid residues on the one hand and variations in ligand molecular descriptors on the other. Although this MI analysis uses novel information that differs from the results of known site-directed mutagenesis studies or published GPCR crystal structures, the method is capable of identifying the well-known common ligand binding region of GPCRs between the upper part of the seven transmembrane helices and the second extracellular loop. The analysis shows amino acid positions that are sensitive to either stimulating (agonistic) or inhibitory (antagonistic) ligand effects or both. It appears that amino acid positions for antagonistic and agonistic effects are both concentrated around the extracellular region, but selective agonistic effects are cumulated between transmembrane helices (TMHs) 2, 3, and ECL2, while selective residues for antagonistic effects are located at the top of helices 5 and 6. Above all, the MI analysis provides detailed indications about amino acids located in the transmembrane region of these receptors that determine G-protein signalling pathway preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg D. Wichard
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
- Bayer-Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gerd Krause
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ronald Kühne
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Pecic S, Makkar P, Chaudhary S, Reddy BV, Navarro HA, Harding WW. Affinity of aporphines for the human 5-HT2A receptor: insights from homology modeling and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5562-75. [PMID: 20621490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Analogs of nantenine were docked into a modeled structure of the human 5-HT(2A) receptor using ICM Pro, GLIDE, and GOLD docking methods. The resultant docking scores were used to correlate with observed in vitro apparent affinity (K(e)) data. The GOLD docking algorithm when used with a homology model of 5-HT(2A), based on a bovine rhodopsin template and built by the program MODELLER, gives results which are most in agreement with the in vitro results. Further analysis of the docking poses among members of a C1 alkyl series of nantenine analogs, indicate that they bind to the receptor in a similar orientation, but differently than nantenine. Besides an important interaction between the protonated nitrogen of the C1 alkyl analogs and residue Asp155, we identified Ser242, Phe234, and Gly238 as key residues responsible for the affinity of these compounds for the 5-HT(2A) receptor. Specifically, the ability of some of these analogs to establish a H-bond with Ser242 and hydrophobic interactions with Phe234 and Gly238 appears to explain their enhanced affinity as compared to nantenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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23
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Pettersson F, Pontén H, Waters N, Waters S, Sonesson C. Synthesis and evaluation of a set of 4-phenylpiperidines and 4-phenylpiperazines as D2 receptor ligands and the discovery of the dopaminergic stabilizer 4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine (huntexil, pridopidine, ACR16). J Med Chem 2010; 53:2510-20. [PMID: 20155917 DOI: 10.1021/jm901689v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the partial dopamine type 2 receptor (D(2)) agonist 3-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)phenol (9a) generated a series of novel functional D(2) antagonists with fast-off kinetic properties. A representative of this series, pridopidine (4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine; ACR16, 12b), bound competitively with low affinity to D(2) in vitro, without displaying properties essential for interaction with D(2) in the inactive state, thereby allowing receptors to rapidly regain responsiveness. In vivo, neurochemical effects of 12b were similar to those of D(2) antagonists, and in a model of locomotor hyperactivity, 12b dose-dependently reduced activity. In contrast to classic D(2) antagonists, 12b increased spontaneous locomotor activity in partly habituated animals. The "agonist-like" kinetic profile of 12b, combined with its lack of intrinsic activity, induces a functional state-dependent D(2) antagonism that can vary with local, real-time dopamine concentration fluctuations around distinct receptor populations. These properties may contribute to its unique "dopaminergic stabilizer" characteristics, differentiating 12b from D(2) antagonists and partial D(2) agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Pettersson
- NeuroSearch Sweden AB, Arvid Wallgrens Backe 20, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden.
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24
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McRobb FM, Capuano B, Crosby IT, Chalmers DK, Yuriev E. Homology Modeling and Docking Evaluation of Aminergic G Protein-Coupled Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2010; 50:626-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ci900444q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M. McRobb
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Ian T. Crosby
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - David K. Chalmers
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Elizabeth Yuriev
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
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25
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of (phenylpiperazinyl-propyl)arylsulfonamides as selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1665-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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9-Aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) analogs as structural probes for steric tolerance in 5-HT2A and H1 receptor binding sites. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:935-8. [PMID: 20045641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, radioligand binding and molecular modeling studies of several 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) analogs were carried out to determine the extent of the steric tolerance associated with expansion of the tricyclic ring system and amine substitution at 5-HT(2A) and H(1) receptors. A mixture of (7,12-dihydrotetraphene-12-yl)methanamine and (6,11-dihydrotetracene-11-yl)methanamine in a 75-25% ratio was found to have an apparent K(i) of 10nM at the 5-HT(2A) receptor. A substantial binding affinity for (7,12-dihydrotetraphene-3-methoxy-12-yl)methanamine at the 5-HT(2A) receptor (K(i)=21 nM) was also observed. Interestingly, this compound was found to have 100-fold selectivity for 5-HT(2A) over the H(1) receptor (K(i)=2500 nM). N-Phenylalkyl-AMDA derivatives, in which the length of the alkyl chain varied from methylene to n-butylene, were found to have only weak affinity for both 5-HT(2A) and H(1) receptors (K(i)=223 to 964 nM). Our results show that large rigid annulated AMDA analogs can be sterically accommodated within the proposed 5-HT(2A) binding site.
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27
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Shah JR, Mosier PD, Roth BL, Kellogg GE, Westkaemper RB. Synthesis, structure-affinity relationships, and modeling of AMDA analogs at 5-HT2A and H1 receptors: structural factors contributing to selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6496-504. [PMID: 19700330 PMCID: PMC3088504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H(1) and serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors present in the CNS have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. 9-Aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA), a conformationally constrained diarylalkyl amine derivative, has affinity for both of these receptors. A structure-affinity relationship (SAFIR) study was carried out studying the effects of N-methylation, varying the linker chain length and constraint of the aromatic rings on the binding affinities of the compounds with the 5-HT(2A) and H(1) receptors. Homology modeling of the 5-HT(2A) and H(1) receptors suggests that AMDA and its analogs, the parent of which is a 5-HT(2A) antagonist, can bind in a fashion analogous to that of classical H(1) antagonists whose ring systems are oriented toward the fifth and sixth transmembrane helices. The modeled orientation of the ligands are consistent with the reported site-directed mutagenesis data for 5-HT(2A) and H(1) receptors and provide a potential explanation for the selectivity of ligands acting at both receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh R. Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Philip D. Mosier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Glen E. Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Richard B. Westkaemper
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
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28
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Kanagarajadurai K, Malini M, Bhattacharya A, Panicker MM, Sowdhamini R. Molecular modeling and docking studies of human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor for the identification of hotspots for ligand binding. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:1877-88. [PMID: 19763327 DOI: 10.1039/b906391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The serotonergic system has been implicated in emotional and cognitive function. In particular, 5-HT(2A) (5-hydroxytrytamine receptor 2A) is attributed to a number of disorders like schizophrenia, depression, eating disorders and anxiety. 5-HT(2A), being a GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor), is important in the pharmaceutical industry as a proven target for these disorders. Despite their extensive clinical importance, the structural studies of this protein is lacking due to difficulties in determining its crystal structure. We have performed sequence analysis and molecular modeling of 5-HT(2A) that has revealed a set of conserved residues and motifs considered to play an important role in maintaining structural integrity and function of the receptor. The analysis also revealed a set of residues specific to the receptor which distinguishes them from other members of the subclass and their orthologs. Further, starting from the model structure of human 5-HT(2A) receptor, docking studies were attempted to envisage how it might interact with eight of its ligands (such as serotonin, dopamine, DOI, LSD, haloperidol, ketanserin, risperidone and clozapine). The binding studies of dopamine to 5-HT(2A) receptor can bring up better understanding in the etiology of a number of neurological disorders involving both these two receptors. Our sequence analysis and study of interactions of this receptor with other ligands reveal additional residue hotspots such as Asn 363 and Tyr 370. The function of these residues can be further analyzed by rational design of site-directed mutagenesis. Two distinct binding sites are identified which could play important roles in ligand binding and signaling.
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