1
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Hovah ME, Holzgrabe U. Bivalent and bitopic ligands of the opioid receptors: The prospects of a dual approach. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2545-2599. [PMID: 38751227 DOI: 10.1002/med.22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Opioid receptors belonging to the class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the targets of choice in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. However, their on-target side effects such as respiratory depression, tolerance and addiction have led to the advent of the 'opioid crisis'. In the search for safer analgesics, bivalent and more recently, bitopic ligands have emerged as valuable tool compounds to probe these receptors. The activity of bivalent and bitopic ligands rely greatly on the allosteric nature of the GPCRs. Bivalent ligands consist of two pharmacophores, each binding to the individual orthosteric binding site (OBS) of the monomers within a dimer. Bitopic or dualsteric ligands bridge the gap between the OBS and the spatially distinct, less conserved allosteric binding site (ABS) through the simultaneous occupation of these two sites. Bivalent and bitopic ligands stabilize distinct conformations of the receptors which ultimately translates into unique signalling and pharmacological profiles. Some of the interesting properties shown by these ligands include improved affinity and/or efficacy, subtype and/or functional selectivity and reduced side effects. This review aims at providing an overview of some of the bivalent and bitopic ligands of the opioid receptors and, their pharmacology in the hope of inspiring the design and discovery of the next generation of opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Emilie Hovah
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Wuerzburg, Germany
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2
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Breault É, Desgagné M, Neve JD, Côté J, Barlow TMA, Ballet S, Sarret P. Multitarget ligands that comprise opioid/nonopioid pharmacophores for pain management: Current state of the science. Pharmacol Res 2024; 209:107408. [PMID: 39307212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain, which affects more than one-third of the world's population, represents one of the greatest medical challenges of the 21st century, yet its effective management remains sub-optimal. The 'gold standard' for the treatment of moderate to severe pain consists of opioid ligands, such as morphine and fentanyl, that target the µ-opioid receptor (MOP). Paradoxically, these opioids also cause serious side effects, including constipation, respiratory depression, tolerance, and addiction. In addition, the development of opioid-use disorders, such as opioid diversion, misuse, and abuse, has led to the current opioid crisis, with dramatic increases in addiction, overdoses, and ultimately deaths. As pain is a complex, multidimensional experience involving a variety of pathways and mediators, dual or multitarget ligands that can bind to more than one receptor and exert complementary analgesic effects, represent a promising avenue for pain relief. Indeed, unlike monomodal therapeutic approaches, the modulation of several endogenous nociceptive systems can often result in an additive or even synergistic effect, thereby improving the analgesic-to-side-effect ratio. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of research efforts towards the development of dual- or multi-targeting opioid/nonopioid hybrid ligands for effective and safer pain management. We reflect on the underpinning discovery rationale by discussing the design, medicinal chemistry, and in vivo pharmacological effects of multitarget antinociceptive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émile Breault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michael Desgagné
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jolien De Neve
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Thomas M A Barlow
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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3
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Li S, Wang H. Lysosomal Peptide Self-Assembly to Control Cell Behavior. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400232. [PMID: 38660742 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that play key roles in degrading and recycling cellular debris, cellular signaling, and energy metabolism processes. Confinement of amphiphilic peptides in the lysosome to construct functional nanostructures through noncovalent interactions is an emerging approach to tune the homeostasis of lysosome. After briefly introducing the importance of lysosome and its functions, we discuss the advantages of lysosomal nanostructure formation for disease therapy. We next discuss the strategy for triggering the self-assembly of peptides in the lysosome, followed by a concise outlook of the future perspective about this emerging research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, No. 600 Yungu Road, 310030, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, No. 600 Yungu Road, 310030, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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4
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Barman P, Joshi S, Sharma S, Preet S, Sharma S, Saini A. Strategic Approaches to Improvise Peptide Drugs as Next Generation Therapeutics. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023; 29:61. [PMID: 37251528 PMCID: PMC10206374 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence of a wide variety of drug-resistant diseases has led to an increase in interest in alternate therapies. Peptide-based drugs as an alternate therapy hold researchers' attention in various therapeutic fields such as neurology, dermatology, oncology, metabolic diseases, etc. Previously, they had been overlooked by pharmaceutical companies due to certain limitations such as proteolytic degradation, poor membrane permeability, low oral bioavailability, shorter half-life, and poor target specificity. Over the last two decades, these limitations have been countered by introducing various modification strategies such as backbone and side-chain modifications, amino acid substitution, etc. which improve their functionality. This has led to a substantial interest of researchers and pharmaceutical companies, moving the next generation of these therapeutics from fundamental research to the market. Various chemical and computational approaches are aiding the production of more stable and long-lasting peptides guiding the formulation of novel and advanced therapeutic agents. However, there is not a single article that talks about various peptide design approaches i.e., in-silico and in-vitro along with their applications and strategies to improve their efficacy. In this review, we try to bring different aspects of peptide-based therapeutics under one article with a clear focus to cover the missing links in the literature. This review draws emphasis on various in-silico approaches and modification-based peptide design strategies. It also highlights the recent progress made in peptide delivery methods important for their enhanced clinical efficacy. The article would provide a bird's-eye view to researchers aiming to develop peptides with therapeutic applications. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Barman
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Shubhi Joshi
- Energy Research Centre, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, U.T 160014 India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, U.T 160014 India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Avneet Saini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, U.T 160014 India
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5
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Liu M, Zhao P, Uddin MH, Li W, Lin F, Chandrashekar C, Nishiuchi Y, Kajihara Y, Forbes BE, Wootten D, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of a Nonfibrillating Glycoglucagon. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2148-2153. [PMID: 34494823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current commercially available glucagon formulations for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia must be reconstituted immediately prior to use, owing to the susceptibility of glucagon to fibrillation and aggregation in an aqueous solution. This results in the inconvenience of handling, misuse, and wastage of this drug. To address these issues, we synthesized a glycosylated glucagon analogue in which the 25th residue (Trp) was replaced with a cysteine (Cys) and a Br-disialyloligosaccharide was conjugated at the Cys thiol moiety. The resulting analogue, glycoglucagon, is a highly potent full agonist at the glucagon receptor. Importantly, glycoglucagon exhibits markedly reduced propensity for fibrillation and enhanced thermal and metabolic stability. This novel analogue is thus a valuable lead for producing stable liquid glucagon formulations that will improve patient compliance and minimize wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Md Hemayet Uddin
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Yuji Nishiuchi
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Briony E Forbes
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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6
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Hu L, Li Y, Lin X, Huo Y, Zhang H, Wang H. Structure‐Based Programming of Supramolecular Assemblies in Living Cells for Selective Cancer Cell Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xinhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yucheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
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7
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Hu L, Li Y, Lin X, Huo Y, Zhang H, Wang H. Structure-Based Programming of Supramolecular Assemblies in Living Cells for Selective Cancer Cell Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21807-21816. [PMID: 34189812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on the design, synthesis, and assembly of an enzymatic programmable peptide system inspired by endocytic processes to induce molecular assemblies formation spatiotemporally in living cancer cells, resulting in glioblastoma cell death mainly in necroptosis. Our results indicate the stability and glycosylation of molecules play an essential role in determining the final bioactivity. Detailed mechanistic studies by CLSM, Flow cytometry, western blot, and Bio-EM suggest the site-specific formation of assemblies, which could induce the LMP and activate the downstream cell death pathway. Moreover, we also demonstrate that our strategy can boost the activity of commercial chemotherapy drug by escaping lysosome sequestration. We expected this work would be expanded towards artificial intelligent biomaterials for cancer therapy and imaging precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yucheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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8
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Apostol CR, Hay M, Polt R. Glycopeptide drugs: A pharmacological dimension between "Small Molecules" and "Biologics". Peptides 2020; 131:170369. [PMID: 32673700 PMCID: PMC7448947 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are an important class of molecules with diverse biological activities. Many endogenous peptides, especially neuropeptides and peptide hormones, play critical roles in development and regulating homeostasis. Furthermore, as drug candidates their high receptor selectivity and potent binding leads to reduced off-target interactions and potential negative side effects. However, the therapeutic potential of peptides is severely hampered by their poor stability in vivo and low permeability across biological membranes. Several strategies have been successfully employed over the decades to address these concerns, and one of the most promising strategies is glycosylation. It has been demonstrated in numerous cases that glycosylation is an effective synthetic approach to improve the pharmacokinetic profiles and membrane permeability of peptides. The effects of glycosylation on peptide stability and peptide-membrane interactions in the context of blood-brain barrier penetration will be explored. Numerous examples of glycosylated analogues of endogenous peptides targeting class A and B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with an emphasis on O-linked glycopeptides will be reviewed. Notable examples of N-, S-, and C-linked glycopeptides will also be discussed. A small section is devoted to synthetic methods for the preparation of glycopeptides and requisite amino acid glycoside building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Apostol
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Meredith Hay
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Dept. of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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9
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Li X, Wang S, Zhu X, Zhangsun D, Wu Y, Luo S. Effects of Cyclization on Activity and Stability of α-Conotoxin TxIB. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E180. [PMID: 32235388 PMCID: PMC7230940 DOI: 10.3390/md18040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Conotoxin TxIB specifically blocked α6/α3β2β3 acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and it could be a potential probe for studying addiction and other diseases related to α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs. However, as a peptide, TxIB may suffer from low stability, short half-life, and poor bioavailability. In this study, cyclization of TxIB was used to improve its stability. Four cyclic mutants of TxIB (cTxIB) were synthesized, and the inhibition of these analogues on α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs as well as their stability in human serum were measured. All cyclized analogues had similar activity compared to wild-type TxIB, which indicated that backbone cyclization of TxIB had no significant effect on its activity. Cyclization of TxIB with a seven-residue linker improved its stability significantly in human serum. Besides this, the results showed that cyclization maintained the activity of α-conotoxin TxIB, which is conducive to its future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Sulan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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10
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most ubiquitous and complex post-translational modifications (PTMs). It plays pivotal roles in various biological processes. Studies at the glycopeptide level are typically considered as a downstream work resulting from enzymatic digested glycoproteins. Less attention has been focused on glycosylated endogenous signaling peptides due to their low abundance, structural heterogeneity and the lack of enabling analytical tools. Here, protocols are presented to isolate and characterize glycosylated neuropeptides utilizing nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We first demonstrate how to extract neuropeptides from raw tissues and perform further separation/cleanup before MS analysis. Then we describe hybrid MS methods for glycosylated neuropeptide profiling and site-specific analysis. We also include recommendations for data analysis to identify glycosylated neuropeptides in crustaceans where a complete neuropeptide database is still lacking. Other strategies and future directions are discussed to provide readers with alternative approaches and further unravel biological complexity rendered by glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qinjingwen Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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11
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Hruby VJ. Multivalent peptide and peptidomimetic ligands for the treatment of pain without toxicities and addiction. Peptides 2019; 116:63-67. [PMID: 31014958 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current opioid crisis has created a tragic problem in medicine and society. Pain is the most ubiquitous and costly disease in society and yet all of our "treatments" have toxicities, especially for prolonged use. However, there are several alternatives that have been discovered in the past fifteen years that have been demonstrated in animals to have none of the toxicities of current drugs. Many of the compounds are multivalent and have novel biological activity profiles. Unfortunately, none of these have been in clinical trials in humans, perhaps because they were discovered in academic laboratories. A review of these novel chemicals are given in this paper.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Humans
- Ligands
- Opioid Peptides/chemistry
- Opioid Peptides/therapeutic use
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/pathology
- Pain Management
- Peptides/adverse effects
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Peptidomimetics/adverse effects
- Peptidomimetics/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Opioid/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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12
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Discovery of two novel branched peptidomimetics containing endomorphin-2 and RF9 pharmacophores: Synthesis and neuropharmacological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:630-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Hybrid compounds (also known as chimeras, designed multiple ligands, bivalent compounds) are chemical units where two active components, usually possessing affinity and selectivity for distinct molecular targets, are combined as a single chemical entity. The rationale for using a chimeric approach is well documented as such novel drugs are characterized by their enhanced enzymatic stability and biological activity. This allows their use at lower concentrations, increasing their safety profile, particularly when considering undesirable side effects. In the group of synthetic bivalent compounds, drugs combining pharmacophores having affinities toward opioid and neurokinin-1 receptors have been extensively studied as potential analgesic drugs. Indeed, substance P is known as a major endogenous modulator of nociception both in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Hence, synthetic peptide fragments showing either agonism or antagonism at neurokinin 1 receptor were both assigned with analgesic properties. However, even though preclinical studies designated neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists as promising analgesics, early clinical studies revealed a lack of efficacy in human. Nevertheless, their molecular combination with enkephalin/endomorphin fragments has been considered as a valuable approach to design putatively promising ligands for the treatment of pain. This paper is aimed at summarizing a 20-year journey to the development of potent analgesic hybrid compounds involving an opioid pharmacophore and devoid of unwanted side effects. Additionally, the legitimacy of considering neurokinin-1 receptor ligands in the design of chimeric drugs is discussed.
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14
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Räder AFB, Weinmüller M, Reichart F, Schumacher-Klinger A, Merzbach S, Gilon C, Hoffman A, Kessler H. Orally Active Peptides: Is There a Magic Bullet? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14414-14438. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F. B. Räder
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Florian Reichart
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | | | - Shira Merzbach
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Horst Kessler
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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15
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Räder AFB, Weinmüller M, Reichart F, Schumacher-Klinger A, Merzbach S, Gilon C, Hoffman A, Kessler H. Oral aktive Peptide: Gibt es ein Patentrezept? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F. B. Räder
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Florian Reichart
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | | | - Shira Merzbach
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Horst Kessler
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
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16
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Ramos-Colon CN, Lee YS, Remesic M, Hall SM, LaVigne J, Davis P, Sandweiss AJ, McIntosh MI, Hanson J, Largent-Milnes TM, Vanderah TW, Streicher J, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Structure-Activity Relationships of [des-Arg 7]Dynorphin A Analogues at the κ Opioid Receptor. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10291-10298. [PMID: 27797517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dynorphin A (Dyn A) is an endogenous ligand for the opioid receptors with preference for the κ opioid receptor (KOR), and its structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been extensively studied at the KOR to develop selective potent agonists and antagonists. Numerous SAR studies have revealed that the Arg7 residue is essential for KOR activity. In contrast, our systematic SAR studies on [des-Arg7]Dyn A analogues found that Arg7 is not a key residue and even deletion of the residue does not affect biological activities at the KOR. In addition, it was also found that [des-Arg7]Dyn A(1-9)-NH2 is a minimum pharmacophore and its modification at the N-terminus leads to selective KOR antagonists. A lead ligand, 14, with high affinity and antagonist activity showed improved metabolic stability and could block antinociceptive effects of a KOR selective agonist, FE200665, in vivo, indicating high potential to treat KOR mediated disorders such as stress-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyf N Ramos-Colon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael Remesic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sara M Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Justin LaVigne
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Alexander J Sandweiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mary I McIntosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jessica Hanson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victor J Hruby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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17
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Moradi SV, Hussein WM, Varamini P, Simerska P, Toth I. Glycosylation, an effective synthetic strategy to improve the bioavailability of therapeutic peptides. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2492-2500. [PMID: 28660018 PMCID: PMC5477030 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of peptides is a promising strategy for modulating the physicochemical properties of peptide drugs and for improving their absorption through biological membranes. This review highlights various methods for the synthesis of glycoconjugates and recent progress in the development of glycosylated peptide therapeutics. Furthermore, the impacts of glycosylation in overcoming the existing barriers that restrict oral and brain delivery of peptides are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayli Varasteh Moradi
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Pegah Varamini
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Pavla Simerska
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD 4072 , Australia
- The University of Queensland , School of Pharmacy , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
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18
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Rosa M, Marcelo F, Calle LP, Rougeot C, Jiménez-Barbero J, Arsequell G, Valencia G. Influence of polar side chains modifications on the dual enkephalinase inhibitory activity and conformation of human opiorphin, a pain perception related peptide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5190-3. [PMID: 26463133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The dual inhibitory action of the pain related peptide opiorphin (H-Gln-Arg-Phe-Ser-Arg-OH) against neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and aminopeptidase N (AP-N) was further investigated by a SAR study involving minor modifications on the polar side chains of Arg residues and glycosylation with monosaccharides at Ser. None of them exerted dual or individual inhibitory potency superior than opiorphin. However, the correlations deduced offer further proof for the key role of these residues upon the binding and bioactive conformational stabilization of opiorphin. NMR conformational studies on the glycopeptides suggest that they are still very flexible compounds that may attain their respective bioactive conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Rosa
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luis P Calle
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Catherine Rougeot
- Institut Pasteur-Unité de Biochimie Structurale et Cellulaire/URA2185-CNRS, Paris Cedex 15 75724, France
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, E-48160 Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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In vivo pharmacological evaluation of a lactose-conjugated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:106-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Giri AK, Apostol CR, Wang Y, Forte BL, Largent-Milnes TM, Davis P, Rankin D, Molnar G, Olson KM, Porreca F, Vanderah TW, Hruby VJ. Discovery of Novel Multifunctional Ligands with μ/δ Opioid Agonist/Neurokinin-1 (NK1) Antagonist Activities for the Treatment of Pain. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8573-83. [PMID: 26465170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional ligands with agonist bioactivities at μ/δ opioid receptors (MOR/DOR) and antagonist bioactivity at the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) have been designed and synthesized. These peptide-based ligands are anticipated to produce better biological profiles (e.g., higher analgesic effect with significantly less adverse side effects) compared to those of existing drugs and to deliver better synergistic effects than coadministration of a mixture of multiple drugs. A systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study has been conducted to find multifunctional ligands with desired activities at three receptors. It has been found that introduction of Dmt (2,6-dimethyl-tyrosine) at the first position and NMePhe at the fourth position (ligand 3: H-Dmt-d-Ala-Gly-NMePhe-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3',5'-(CF3)2)) displays binding as well as functional selectivity for MOR over DOR while maintaining efficacy, potency, and antagonist activity at the NK1R. Dmt at the first position with Phe(4-F) at the fourth position (ligand 5: H-Dmt-d-Ala-Gly-Phe(4-F)-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3',5'-(CF3)2)) exhibits balanced binding affinities at MOR and DOR though it has higher agonist activity at DOR over MOR. This study has led to the discovery of several novel ligands including 3 and 5 with excellent in vitro biological activity profiles. Metabolic stability studies in rat plasma with ligands 3, 5, and 7 (H-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe(4-F)-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3',5'-(CF3)2)) showed that their stability depends on modifications at the first and fourth positions (3: T1/2 > 24 h; 5: T1/2 ≈ 6 h; 7: T1/2 > 2 h). Preliminary in vivo studies with these two ligands have shown promising antinociceptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Kumar Giri
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher R Apostol
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Brittany L Forte
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - David Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Gabriella Molnar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | | | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Victor J Hruby
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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21
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Nair P, Yamamoto T, Cowell S, Kulkarni V, Moye S, Navratilova E, Davis P, Ma SW, Vanderah TW, Lai J, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Discovery of tripeptide-derived multifunctional ligands possessing delta/mu opioid receptor agonist and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3716-20. [PMID: 26212775 PMCID: PMC4642890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several bifunctional peptides were synthesized and characterized based on the pentapeptide-derived ligand NP30 (1: Tyr-DAla-Gly-Phe-Gly-Trp-O-[3',5'-Bzl(CF3)2]). Modification and truncation of amino acid residues were performed, and the tripeptide-derived ligand NP66 (11: Dmt-DAla-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF3)2-Bzl]) was obtained based on the overlapping pharmacophore concept. The Trp(3) residue of ligand 11 works as a message residue for both opioid and NK1 activities. The significance lies in the observation that the approach of appropriate truncation of peptide sequence could lead to a tripeptide-derived chimeric ligand with effective binding and functional activities for both mu and delta opioid and NK1 receptors with agonist activities at mu and delta opioid and antagonist activity at NK1 receptors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Nair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Scott Cowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Vinod Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sharif Moye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Shou-Wu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Josephine Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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22
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Lefever M, Li Y, Anglin B, Muthu D, Giuvelis D, Lowery JJ, Knapp BI, Bidlack JM, Bilsky EJ, Polt R. Structural Requirements for CNS Active Opioid Glycopeptides. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5728-41. [PMID: 26125201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides related to β-endorphin penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of mice to produce antinociception. Two series of glycopeptides were assessed for opioid receptor binding affinity. Attempts to alter the mu-selectivity of [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO)-related glycopeptides by altering the charged residues of the amphipathic helical address were unsuccessful. A series of pan-agonists was evaluated for antinociceptive activity (55 °C tail flick) in mice. A flexible linker was required to maintain antinociceptive activity. Circular dichroism (CD) in H2O, trifluoroethanol (TFE), and SDS micelles confirmed the importance of the amphipathic helices (11s → 11sG → 11) for antinociception. The glycosylated analogues showed only nascent helices and random coil conformations in H2O. Chemical shift indices (CSI) and nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) with 600 MHz NMR and CD confirmed helical structures in micelles, which were rationalized by molecular dynamics calculations. Antinociceptive studies with mice confirm that these glycosylated endorphin analogues are potential drug candidates that penetrate the BBB to produce potent central effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lefever
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yingxue Li
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Bobbi Anglin
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dhanasekaran Muthu
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Denise Giuvelis
- §Department of Biomedical Sciences, COM and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, Maine 04005, United States
| | - John J Lowery
- §Department of Biomedical Sciences, COM and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, Maine 04005, United States
| | - Brian I Knapp
- ‡Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642-8711, United States
| | - Jean M Bidlack
- ‡Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642-8711, United States
| | - Edward J Bilsky
- §Department of Biomedical Sciences, COM and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, Maine 04005, United States
| | - Robin Polt
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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23
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Moradi SV, Varamini P, Toth I. Evaluation of the Biological Properties and the Enzymatic Stability of Glycosylated Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analogs. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:1135-43. [PMID: 25956382 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic stability, antitumor activity, and gonadotropin stimulatory effects of glycosylated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs were investigated in this study. Conjugation of carbohydrate units, including lactose (Lac), glucose (GS), and galactose (Gal) to LHRH peptide protected the peptide from proteolytic degradation and increased the peptides' half-lives in human plasma, rat kidney membrane enzymes, and liver homogenate markedly. Among all seven modified analogs, compound 1 (Lac-[Q(1)][w(6)]LHRH) and compound 6 (GS(4)-[w(6)]LHRH) were stable in human plasma during 4 h of experiment. The half-lives of compounds 1 and 6 improved significantly in kidney membrane enzymes (from 3 min for LHRH to 68 and 103 min, respectively). The major cleavage sites for most of the glycosylated compounds were found to be at Trp(3)-Ser(4) and Ser(4)-Tyr(5) in compounds 1-5. Compound 6 was hydrolyzed at Ser(4)-Tyr(5) and the sugar conjugation site. The antiproliferative activity of the glycopeptides was evaluated on LHRH receptor-positive prostate cancer cells. The glycosylated LHRH derivatives had a significant growth inhibitory effect on the LNCaP cells after a 48-h treatment. It was demonstrated that compound 1 significantly increased the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) at 5 and 10 nM concentrations and compound 5 (GS-[Q(1)]LHRH) stimulated the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at 5 nM concentration in dispersed rat pituitary cells (p < 0.05). In our studies, compound 1-bearing lactose and D-Trp was the most stable and active and is a promising candidate for future preclinical investigations in terms of in vitro biological activity and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayli Varasteh Moradi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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24
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Bogdanova NG, Kolpakov AA, Sudakov SK. Effect of peptide agonists of peripheral opioid receptors on operant feeding behavior and food motivation in rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 158:589-91. [PMID: 25778638 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of intragastric administration of peptide agonists of μ-opioid receptors (DAMGO) and δ-opioid receptors (DADLE) on food consumption and food motivation during operant feeding behavior of different intensity and effectiveness. To obtain one food granule, trained rats should press a lever 1 time (day 1), 2 times (day 2), 4 times (day 3), 8 times (day 4), 16 times (day 5), or 32 times (day 6). Activation of δ-opioid receptors in the stomach was followed by suppression of feeding behavior at low energy expenditure. The level of food motivation under these conditions practically did not differ from the control. Activation of μ-opioid receptors in the stomach suppressed energy-consuming feeding behavior, which was accompanied by an increase in the level of food motivation. It can be hypothesized that protein metabolites exhibiting μ-opioid activity probably provide afferent signals into CNS via the vagus nerve to terminate energy expenditure under adverse conditions (although food motivation is not satisfied). Food motivation under these conditions probably contributes to the behavior aimed towards the search for more available food.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Bogdanova
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Rational Approach to the Design of Bioactive Peptidomimetics: Recent Developments in Opioid Agonist Peptides. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63462-7.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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26
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Sanchez-Covarrubias L, Slosky LM, Thompson BJ, Davis TP, Ronaldson PT. Transporters at CNS barrier sites: obstacles or opportunities for drug delivery? Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:1422-49. [PMID: 23789948 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) barriers are critical determinants of CNS homeostasis. Additionally, the BBB and BCSF barriers are formidable obstacles to effective CNS drug delivery. These brain barrier sites express putative influx and efflux transporters that precisely control permeation of circulating solutes including drugs. The study of transporters has enabled a shift away from "brute force" approaches to delivering drugs by physically circumventing brain barriers towards chemical approaches that can target specific compounds of the BBB and/or BCSF barrier. However, our understanding of transporters at the BBB and BCSF barriers has primarily focused on understanding efflux transporters that efficiently prevent drugs from attaining therapeutic concentrations in the CNS. Recently, through the characterization of multiple endogenously expressed uptake transporters, this paradigm has shifted to the study of brain transporter targets that can facilitate drug delivery (i.e., influx transporters). Additionally, signaling pathways and trafficking mechanisms have been identified for several endogenous BBB/BCSF transporters, thereby offering even more opportunities to understand how transporters can be exploited for optimization of CNS drug delivery. This review presents an overview of the BBB and BCSF barrier as well as the many families of transporters functionally expressed at these barrier sites. Furthermore, we present an overview of various strategies that have been designed and utilized to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain with a particular emphasis on those approaches that directly target endogenous BBB/BCSF barrier transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050.
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27
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Moradi SV, Varamini P, Toth I. The transport and efflux of glycosylated luteinising hormone-releasing hormone analogues in caco-2 cell model: contributions of glucose transporters and efflux systems. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3217-24. [PMID: 25174499 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues have wide therapeutic applications in the treatment of prostate cancers and endocrine disorders. The structure of LHRH was modified using a glycosylation strategy to increase the permeability of the peptide across biological membranes. Lactose, galactose and glucose units were coupled to LHRH peptide, and the impact of glucose transporters, GLUT2 and SGLT1, was investigated in the transport of the analogues. Results showed the contribution of both transporters in the transport of all LHRH analogues. In the presence of glucose transporter inhibitors, reduction in the apparent permeability (Papp ) was greatest for compound 6, which contains a glucose unit in the middle of the sequence (Papp = 58.54 ± 4.72 cm/s decreased to Papp = 1.6 ± 0.345 cm/s). The basolateral to apical flux of the glycosylated derivatives and the impact of two efflux pumps was also examined in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The efflux ratios (ERs) of all LHRH analogues in Caco-2 cells were in the range of 0.06-0.2 except for compound 4 (galactose modified, ER = 8.03). We demonstrated that the transport of the glycosylated peptides was facilitated through glucose transporters. The proportion of glucose and lactose derivatives pumped out by efflux pumps did not affect the Papp values of the analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayli Varasteh Moradi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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28
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P-glycoprotein trafficking as a therapeutic target to optimize CNS drug delivery. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2014; 71:25-44. [PMID: 25307213 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)/neurovascular unit is to protect the central nervous system (CNS) from potentially harmful xenobiotic substances and maintain CNS homeostasis. Restricted access to the CNS is maintained via a combination of tight junction proteins as well as a variety of efflux and influx transporters that limits the transcellular and paracellular movement of solutes. Of the transporters identified at the BBB, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has emerged as the transporter that is the greatest obstacle to effective CNS drug delivery. In this chapter, we provide data to support intracellular protein trafficking of P-gp within cerebral capillary microvessels as a potential target for improved drug delivery. We show that pain-induced changes in P-gp trafficking are associated with changes in P-gp's association with caveolin-1, a key scaffolding/trafficking protein that colocalizes with P-gp at the luminal membrane of brain microvessels. Changes in colocalization with the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of caveolin-1, by pain, are accompanied by dynamic changes in the distribution, relocalization, and activation of P-gp "pools" between microvascular endothelial cell subcellular compartments. Since redox-sensitive processes may be involved in signaling disassembly of higher-order structures of P-gp, we feel that manipulating redox signaling, via specific protein targeting at the BBB, may protect disulfide bond integrity of P-gp reservoirs and control trafficking to the membrane surface, providing improved CNS drug delivery. The advantage of therapeutic drug "relocalization" of a protein is that the physiological impact can be modified, temporarily or long term, despite pathology-induced changes in gene transcription.
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Giri AK, Hruby VJ. Investigational peptide and peptidomimetic μ and δ opioid receptor agonists in the relief of pain. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:227-41. [PMID: 24329035 PMCID: PMC4282681 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.856879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current methods for treating prolonged and neuropathic pain are inadequate and lead to toxicities that greatly diminish quality of life. Therefore, new approaches to the treatment of pain states are needed to address these problems. AREAS COVERED The review primarily reviews approaches that have been taken in the peer-reviewed literature of multivalent ligands that interact with both μ and δ opioid receptors as agonists, and in some cases, also with pharmacophores for antagonist ligands that interact with other receptors as antagonists to block pain. EXPERT OPINION Although there are a number of drugs currently on the market for the treatment of pain; none of them are 100% successful. In the authors' opinion, it is clear that new directions and modalities are needed to better address the treatment of prolonged and neuropathic pain; one drug or class clearly is not the answer for all pain therapy. Undoubtedly, there are many different phenotypes of prolonged and neuropathic pain and this should be one avenue to further develop appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Kumar Giri
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , 1306 East University Boulevard, PO Box 210041, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
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30
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Li Q, Zhang J, Yang L, Yu Q, Chen Q, Qin X, Le F, Zhang Q, Liu J. Stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA and inhibition of telomerase activity studies of ruthenium(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 130:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Hruby VJ, Cai M. Design of peptide and peptidomimetic ligands with novel pharmacological activity profiles. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 53:557-80. [PMID: 23294313 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are of central importance in most aspects of intercellular communication and are involved in virtually all degenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss physicochemical approaches to the design of novel peptide and peptidomimetic agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, and related compounds that have unique biological activity profiles, reduced toxic side effects, and, if desired, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Designing ligands for specific biological and medical needs is emphasized, as is the close collaboration of chemists and biologists to maximize the chances for success. Special emphasis is placed on the use of conformational (ϕ-ψ space) and topographical (χ space) considerations in design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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Truncation of the peptide sequence in bifunctional ligands with mu and delta opioid receptor agonist and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4975-8. [PMID: 23899615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The optimization and truncation of our lead peptide-derived ligand TY005 possessing eight amino-acid residues was performed. Among the synthesized derivatives, NP30 (Tyr(1)-DAla(2)-Gly(3)-Phe(4)-Gly(5)-Trp(6)-O-[3',5'-Bzl(CF3)2]) showed balanced and potent opioid agonist as well as substance P antagonist activities in isolated tissue-based assays, together with significant antinociceptive and antiallodynic activities in vivo.
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33
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Petrov RR, Lee YS, Vardanyan RS, Liu L, Ma SW, Davis P, Lai J, Porreca F, Vanderah TW, Hruby VJ. Effect of anchoring 4-anilidopiperidines to opioid peptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3434-7. [PMID: 23623418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report here the design, synthesis, and in vitro characterization of new opioid peptides featuring a 4-anilidopiperidine moiety. Despite the fact that the chemical structures of fentanyl surrogates have been found suboptimal per se for the opioid activity, the corresponding conjugates with opioid peptides displayed potent opioid activity. These studies shed an instructive light on the strategies and potential therapeutic values of anchoring the 4-anilidopiperidine scaffold to different classes of opioid peptides.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Fentanyl/chemistry
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Mice
- Opioid Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Opioid Peptides/chemistry
- Opioid Peptides/metabolism
- Piperidines/chemical synthesis
- Piperidines/chemistry
- Piperidines/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravil R Petrov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Yamamoto T, Niwa S, Tokumasu M, Onishi T, Ohno S, Hagihara M, Koganei H, Fujita SI, Takeda T, Saitou Y, Iwayama S, Takahara A, Iwata S, Shoji M. Discovery and evaluation of selective N-type calcium channel blockers: 6-Unsubstituted-1,4-dihydropyridine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3639-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Li Q, Sun D, Zhou Y, Liu D, Zhang Q, Liu J. Anticancer activity of novel ruthenium complex with 1,10-phenanthrolineselenazole as potent telomeric G-quadruplex inhibitor. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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36
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Vardanyan R, Kumirov VK, Nichol GS, Davis P, Liktor-Busa E, Rankin D, Varga E, Vanderah T, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new opioid agonist and neurokinin-1 antagonist bivalent ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6135-42. [PMID: 21925887 PMCID: PMC4137774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Newly designed bivalent ligands-opioid agonist/NK1-antagonists have been synthesized. The synthesis of new starting materials-carboxy-derivatives of Fentanyl (1a-1c) was developed. These products have been transformed to 'isoimidium perchlorates' (2a-c). The new isoimidium perchlorates have been successfully implemented in nucleophilic addition reactions, with l-tryptophan 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl ester to give the target compounds-amides (3a-c). Perchlorates (2a-c) successfully undergo reactions with other nucleophiles such as alcohols, amines or hydrazines. The obtained compound 3b exhibited μ-opioid agonist activity and NK1-antagonist activity and may serve as a useful lead compound for the further design of a new series of opioid agonist/NK1-antagonist compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Vardanyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
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37
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Arsequell G, Rosa M, Mayato C, Dorta RL, Gonzalez-Nunez V, Barreto-Valer K, Marcelo F, Calle LP, Vázquez JT, Rodríguez RE, Jiménez-Barbero J, Valencia G. Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural characterization of novel glycopeptide analogues of nociceptin N/OFQ. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6133-42. [PMID: 21773621 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05197k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
To examine if the biological activity of the N/OFQ peptide, which is the native ligand of the pain-related and viable drug target NOP receptor, could be modulated by glycosylation and if such effects could be conformationally related, we have synthesized three N/OFQ glycopeptide analogues, namely: [Thr(5)-O-α-D-GalNAc-N/OFQ] (glycopeptide 1), [Ser(10)-O-α-D-GalNAc]-N/OFQ (glycopeptide 2) and [Ser(10)-O-β-D-GlcNAc]-N/OFQ] (glycopeptide 3). They were tested for biological activity in competition binding assays using the zebrafish animal model in which glycopeptide 2 exhibited a slightly improved binding affinity, whereas glycopeptide 1 showed a remarkably reduced binding affinity compared to the parent compound and glycopeptide 3. The structural analysis of these glycopeptides and the parent N/OFQ peptide by NMR and circular dichroism indicated that their aqueous solutions are mainly populated by random coil conformers. However, in membrane mimic environments a certain proportion of the molecules of all these peptides exist as α-helix structures. Interestingly, under these experimental conditions, glycopeptide 1 (glycosylated at Thr-5) exhibited a population of folded hairpin-like geometries. From these facts it is tempting to speculate that nociceptin analogues showing linear helical structures are more complementary and thus interact more efficiently with the native NOP receptor than folded structures, since glycopeptide 1 showed a significantly reduced binding affinity for the NOP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arsequell
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Yamamoto T, Nair P, Largent-Milnes TM, Jacobsen NE, Davis P, Ma SW, Yamamura HI, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. Discovery of a potent and efficacious peptide derivative for δ/μ opioid agonist/neurokinin 1 antagonist activity with a 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine: in vitro, in vivo, and NMR-based structural studies. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2029-38. [PMID: 21366266 DOI: 10.1021/jm101023r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent ligands with δ/μ opioid agonist and NK1 antagonist activities have shown promising analgesic potency without detectable sign of toxicities, including motor skill impairment and opioid-induced tolerance. To improve their biological activities and metabolic stability, structural optimization was performed on our peptide-derived lead compounds by introducing 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt) instead of Tyr at the first position. The compound 7 (Dmt-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bzl]) showed improved multivalent bioactivities compared to those of the lead compounds, had more than 6 h half-life in rat plasma, and had significant antinociceptive efficacy in vivo. The NMR structural analysis suggested that Dmt(1) incorporation in compound 7 induces the structured conformation in the opioid pharmacophore (N-terminus) and simultaneously shifts the orientation of the NK1 pharmacophore (C-terminus), consistent with its affinities and activities at both opioid and NK1 receptors. These results indicate that compound 7 is a valuable research tool to seek a novel analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Abstract
This paper is the 32nd consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2009 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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40
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Yamamoto T, Nair P, Jacobsen NE, Kulkarni V, Davis P, Ma SW, Navratilova E, Yamamura HI, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. Biological and conformational evaluation of bifunctional compounds for opioid receptor agonists and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists possessing two penicillamines. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5491-501. [PMID: 20617791 DOI: 10.1021/jm100157m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain states and tolerance to opioids can result from system changes in the CNS, such as up-regulation of the NK1 receptor and substance P, lead to antiopioid effects in ascending or descending pain-signaling pathways. Bifunctional compounds, possessing both the NK1 antagonist pharmacophore and the opioid agonist pharmacophore with delta-selectivity, could counteract these system changes to have significant analgesic efficacy without undesirable side effects. As a result of the introduction of cyclic and topological constraints with penicillamines, 2 (Tyr-cyclo[d-Pen-Gly-Phe-Pen]-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bzl]) was found as the best bifunctional compound with effective NK1 antagonist and potent opioid agonist activities, and 1400-fold delta-selectivity over the mu-receptor. The NMR structural analysis of 2 revealed that the relative positioning of the two connected pharmacophores as well as its cyclic and topological constraints might be responsible for its excellent bifunctional activities as well as its significant delta-opioid selectivity. Together with the observed high metabolic stability, 2 could be considered as a valuable research tool and possibly a promising candidate for a novel analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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Yamamoto T, Nair P, Ma SW, Davis P, Yamamura HI, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. The biological activity and metabolic stability of peptidic bifunctional compounds that are opioid receptor agonists and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists with a cystine moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7337-43. [PMID: 19762245 PMCID: PMC2775479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve metabolic stability, a ring structure with a cystine moiety was introduced into TY027 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)Bzl]), which is a lead compound of our developing bifunctional peptide possessing opioid agonist and NK1 antagonist activities. TY038 (Tyr-cyclo[D-Cys-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-D-Cys]-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)Bzl]) was found as a highly selective delta opioid agonist over mu receptor in conventional tissue-based assays, together with an effective NK1 antagonist activity and good metabolic stability with more than 24h half life in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Padma Nair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shou-wu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Henry I. Yamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Todd W. Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Josephine Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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