1
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Kawai S, Takashima S, Ando M, Shintaku S, Takeda S, Otake K, Ito Y, Fukui M, Yamamoto M, Shoji Y, Shirahase H, Kitao T. Discovery of Novel Chromenopyridine Derivatives as Readthrough-Inducing Drugs. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:859-878. [PMID: 38044139 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hurler syndrome, a type of Mucopolysaccharidosis type I, is an inherited disorder caused by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) due to a deficiency in lysosomal α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), resulting in multiorgan dysfunction. In many patients with Hurler syndrome, IDUA proteins are not produced due to nonsense mutations in their genes; therefore, readthrough-inducing compounds, such as gentamycin, are expected to restore IDUA proteins by skipping the premature termination codon. In the present study, we synthesized a series of chromenopyridine derivatives to identify novel readthrough-inducing compounds. The readthrough-inducing activities of synthesized compounds were examined by measuring cellular IDUA activities and GAG concentrations in Hurler syndrome patient-derived cells. Compounds with a difluorophenyl group at the 2-position of chromenopyridine, a cyclobutyl group at the 3-position, and a basic side chain or basic fused ring exhibited excellent readthrough-inducing activities. KY-640, a chromenopyridine derivative with a tetrahydroisoquinoline sub-structure, increased the cellular IDUA activities of patient-derived cells by 3.2-fold at 0.3 µM and significantly reduced GAG concentrations, and also significantly increased enzyme activity in mouse models, suggesting its therapeutic potential in patients with Hurler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kawai
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Shunsuke Takashima
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Masafumi Ando
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Sayaka Shintaku
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Shigemitsu Takeda
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Kazuya Otake
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yuma Ito
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Masaki Fukui
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yoshimichi Shoji
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Hiroaki Shirahase
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Tatsuya Kitao
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
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2
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Buchman M, Farney EP, Greszler SN, Altenbach RJ, Gfesser GA, Voight EA. Lithioarene Cycliacylation and Pd-Catalyzed Aminoethylation/Cyclization to Access Electronically Diverse Saturated Isoquinoline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 87:776-789. [PMID: 34939418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report operationally facile methods for the synthesis of substituted dihydroisoquinolinones and tetrahydroisoquinolines from readily accessible o-bromobenzyl bromides and o-bromobenzaldehydes, respectively. While classical electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are tailored to the construction of saturated isoquinolines derived from electron-rich precursors, we demonstrate efficient syntheses from electronically diverse substrates to produce cyclized products as single regioisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Buchman
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Elliot P Farney
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stephen N Greszler
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Robert J Altenbach
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Gregory A Gfesser
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric A Voight
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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3
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Harada S, Tanikawa K, Homma H, Sakai C, Ito T, Nemoto T. Silver-Catalyzed Asymmetric Insertion into Phenolic O-H Bonds using Aryl Diazoacetates and Theoretical Mechanistic Studies. Chemistry 2019; 25:12058-12062. [PMID: 31120563 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective insertion reaction of silver carbenes generated from donor-acceptor-substituted diazo compounds into the O-H bond of phenols was developed. A homobinuclear silver complex with a chiral phosphorous ligand was created in situ from AgNTf2 and (S)-XylylBINAP (in a 2:1 mole ratio). Detailed mechanistic studies using combined experimental and computational techniques revealed that one silver atom center of the catalyst forms a silver carbene and another one works as a Lewis acid for the nucleophilic addition of a phenol. Two counter-anions, two water molecules, and two silver atoms cooperatively mediate the subsequent protonation event to lower the activation energy and control enantioselectivity, affording an array of valuable α-aryl-α-aryloxy esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Koki Tanikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Haruka Homma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Chigaya Sakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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4
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Shen HQ, Xie HP, Sun L, Zhou YG. Enantioselective Carbene Insertion into O–H of Phenols with Chiral Palladium/2,2′-Biimidazole Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan-Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Hao X, Zuo X, Kang D, Zhang J, Song Y, Liu X, Zhan P. Contemporary medicinal-chemistry strategies for discovery of blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:915-931. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1626821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Zuo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuning Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
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6
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Gao X, Wu B, Huang WX, Chen MW, Zhou YG. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed CH Functionalization of Indoles Using an Axially Chiral 2,2′-Bipyridine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11956-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Gao X, Wu B, Huang WX, Chen MW, Zhou YG. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed CH Functionalization of Indoles Using an Axially Chiral 2,2′-Bipyridine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Versatile synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2 H )-one derivatives via intra-molecular Friedel–Crafts reaction with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Xie XL, Zhu SF, Guo JX, Cai Y, Zhou QL. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Insertion of α-Aryl-α-diazoacetates into the OH Bonds of Phenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Xie XL, Zhu SF, Guo JX, Cai Y, Zhou QL. Enantioselective palladium-catalyzed insertion of α-aryl-α-diazoacetates into the O-H bonds of phenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2978-81. [PMID: 24500845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric O-H insertion reaction was developed. Palladium complexes with chiral spiro bisoxazoline ligands promoted the insertion of α-aryl-α-diazoacetates into the O-H bond of phenols with high yield and excellent enantioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. This palladium-catalyzed asymmetric O-H insertion reaction provided an efficient and highly enantioselective method for the preparation of synthetically useful optically active α-aryl-α-aryloxyacetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lan Xie
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China) http://zhou.nankai.edu.cn; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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11
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McCloskey DE, Bale S, Secrist JA, Tiwari A, Moss TH, Valiyaveettil J, Brooks WH, Guida WC, Pegg AE, Ealick SE. New insights into the design of inhibitors of human S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase: studies of adenine C8 substitution in structural analogues of S-adenosylmethionine. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1388-407. [PMID: 19209891 PMCID: PMC2652407 DOI: 10.1021/jm801126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a critical enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and depends on a pyruvoyl group for the decarboxylation process. The crystal structures of the enzyme with various inhibitors at the active site have shown that the adenine base of the ligands adopts an unusual syn conformation when bound to the enzyme. To determine whether compounds that favor the syn conformation in solution would be more potent AdoMetDC inhibitors, several series of AdoMet substrate analogues with a variety of substituents at the 8-position of adenine were synthesized and analyzed for their ability to inhibit hAdoMetDC. The biochemical analysis indicated that an 8-methyl substituent resulted in more potent inhibitors, yet most other 8-substitutions provided no benefit over the parent compound. To understand these results, we used computational modeling and X-ray crystallography to study C(8)-substituted adenine analogues bound in the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven E. Ealick
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: (607) 255-7961. Fax: (607) 255-1227. E-mail:
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12
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Structure activity relationship studies of carboxamido-biaryl ethers as opioid receptor antagonists (OpRAs). Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6841-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Jesudason CD, Beavers LS, Cramer JW, Dill J, Finley DR, Lindsley CW, Stevens FC, Gadski RA, Oldham SW, Pickard RT, Siedem CS, Sindelar DK, Singh A, Watson BM, Hipskind PA. Synthesis and SAR of novel histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3415-8. [PMID: 16677814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, and tetrahydroazepine antagonists of the human and rat H(3) receptors are described. The substitution around these rings as well as the nature of the substituent on nitrogen is explored. Several compounds with high affinity and selectivity for the human and rat H(3) receptors are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia D Jesudason
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Carroll FI, Melvin MS, Nuckols MC, Mascarella SW, Navarro HA, Thomas JB. N-substituted 4beta-methyl-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-7alpha-amidomorphans are potent, selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49:1781-91. [PMID: 16509593 DOI: 10.1021/jm058264p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we identified (-)-N-[(1R,4S,5S,7R)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-yl]-3-(1-piperidinyl)propanamide (5a, KAA-1) as the first potent and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist from the 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphan class of opioids. In this study we report an improved synthesis of this class of compounds. The new synthetic method was used to prepare analogues 5b-r where the morphan N-substituent and 7alpha-amido group were varied. Most of the analogues showed sub-nanomolar potency for the kappa opioid receptor and were highly selective relative to the mu and delta opioid receptors. (-)-3-(3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-N-{(1R,4S,5S,7R)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-[2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-yl}propanamide (5n, MTHQ) is at least as potent and selective as nor-BNI as a kappa opioid receptor antagonist in the [35S]GTP-gamma-S in vitro functional test.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ivy Carroll
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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15
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Kreidler B, Baro A, Christoffers J. Asymmetric Michael Reactions on Polymeric Support: Auxiliary Immobilization and Stereoselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Taha MO, Qandil AM, Zaki DD, AlDamen MA. Ligand-based assessment of factor Xa binding site flexibility via elaborate pharmacophore exploration and genetic algorithm-based QSAR modeling. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:701-27. [PMID: 15935905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The flexibility of activated factor X (fXa) binding site was assessed employing ligand-based pharmacophor modeling combined with genetic algorithm (GA)-based QSAR modeling. Four training subsets of wide structural diversity were selected from a total of 199 direct fXa inhibitors and were employed to generate different fXa pharmacophoric hypotheses using CATALYST software over two subsequent stages. In the first stage, high quality binding models (hypotheses) were identified. However, in the second stage, these models were refined by applying variable feature weight analysis to assess the relative significance of their features in the ligand-target affinity. The binding models were validated according to their coverage (capacity as a three-dimensional (3D) database search queries) and predictive potential as three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models. Subsequently, GA and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis were employed to construct different QSAR models from high quality pharmacophores and explore the statistical significance of combination models in explaining bioactivity variations across 199 fXa inhibitors. Three orthogonal pharmacophoric models emerged in the optimal QSAR equation suggesting they represent three binding modes accessible to ligands in the binding pocket within fXa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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17
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Vanadyl triflate as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for trimethylsilyl cyanide addition to carbonyl compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Ueno H, Yokota K, Hoshi JI, Yasue K, Hayashi M, Hase Y, Uchida I, Aisaka K, Katoh S, Cho H. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Novel Selective Factor Xa Inhibitors with a Tetrahydroisoquinoline Ring. J Med Chem 2005; 48:3586-604. [PMID: 15887966 DOI: 10.1021/jm058160e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2,7-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among these derivatives, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against factor Xa (FXa) and good selectivity with respect to other serine proteases (thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin). In addition, compound 2 exhibited potent anti-FXa activity after intravenous and oral administration to cynomolgus monkeys, showed a dose-dependent antithrombotic effect at 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg kg(-1) h(-1) in a rat model of venous thrombosis, and significantly reduced the size of brain infarction in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model at a dose of 0.1 mg kg(-1) h(-1). These results suggest that compound 2 (JTV-803) is likely to be useful as both a venous and arterial antithrombotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1125, Japan
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20
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Ueno H, Yokota K, Hoshi JI, Yasue K, Hayashi M, Uchida I, Aisaka K, Hase Y, Katoh S, Cho H. Discovery of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as potent and selective factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:185-9. [PMID: 15582437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2,7-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among these derivatives, compounds 1 and 2 (JTV-803) exhibited potent inhibitory activity against FXa and good selectivity with respect to other serine proteases (thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin). In addition, compound 2 exhibited potent anti-FXa activity after intravenous and oral administration to cynomolgus monkey, and showed a dose-dependent antithrombotic effect in a rat model of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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21
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Ueno H, Katoh S, Yokota K, Hoshi JI, Hayashi M, Uchida I, Aisaka K, Hase Y, Cho H. Structure–activity relationships of potent and selective factor Xa inhibitors: benzimidazole derivatives with the side chain oriented to the prime site of factor Xa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4281-6. [PMID: 15261287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 05/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzimidazole derivatives with the side chain on the nitrogen atom oriented to the prime site of factor Xa (FXa) were designed and synthesized. Compounds with substituted aminocarbonylmethyl groups as the side chain showed potent FXa inhibitory activity. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited most potent inhibitory activity and were effective as anticoagulants in a DIC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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Kontogiorgis CA, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Current trends in quantitative structure activity relationships on FXa inhibitors: Evaluation and comparative analysis. Med Res Rev 2004; 24:687-747. [PMID: 15250038 DOI: 10.1002/med.20006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article evaluates the quantitative structure activity relationships of FXa inhibitors, using the C-QSAR program of Biobyte. Diaryloxypyridines, aminophenols, biaryl isoxazoline derivatives, 1,2-dibenzamidobenzenes, 3-amidinophenylalanine derivatives, benzoxazinones, naphthoanilides, tetrazoles, glucolic and mandelic acid derivatives were included in this survey. Clog P plays a significant role in the QSAR, especially as hydrophilicity. In the most of the cases, CMR/MR molar refractivity as well as sterimol parameters (B5 and L) are important. Electronic effects with the exception of the Hammett's constant sigmam, are not found to govern the biological activity. Es was found to be important indicator variables were used after the best model was found to account for the usual structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos A Kontogiorgis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K. The recent impact of solid-phase synthesis on medicinally relevant benzoannelated nitrogen heterocycles. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2415-37. [PMID: 12057632 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzoannelated heterocycles such as benzodiazepines and indoles can be prepared efficiently through cyclization on solid supports, although no single approach is currently universal for the preparation of all benzoannelated N-heterocycle chemistries. In this review, a number of synthetic strategies for the generation of benzoannelated nitrogen heterocycles using resin-bound substrates have been described. Classical heterocycle forming reactions such as the Fischer indole, the Bischler-Napieralski tetrahydroisoquinoline, the Pictet-Spengler tetrahydro-beta-carboline, the Tsuge, the Nenitzescu and the Richter cinnoline reaction are presented. In addition, the Heck, Sonogashira, Wittig, Diels-Alder, and olefin metathesis reactions have been also used. Multicomponent reactions such as the Grieco three-component assembly have been exploited for the synthesis of heterocycles. Cyclative cleavage from the solid support is particularly suitable for the synthesis of heterocycles while particular emphasis has been focused on the synthesis of libraries and the use of combinatorial chemistry techniques. In addition, the most relevant pharmacological properties of benzoannelated nitrogen heterocycles are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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24
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Picard F, Barassin S, Mokhtarian A, Hartmann RW. Synthesis and evaluation of 2'-substituted 4-(4'-carboxy- or 4'-carboxymethylbenzylidene)-N-acylpiperidines: highly potent and in vivo active steroid 5alpha-reductase type 2 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2002; 45:3406-17. [PMID: 12139451 DOI: 10.1021/jm0208471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen compounds derived from N-acyl-4-benzylidenepiperidine-4'-carboxylic acids were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of rat and human steroid 5alpha-reductase isozymes types 1 and 2. In the dicyclohexylacetyl series, fluorination in the 2-position of the benzene nucleus (15), exchange of the carboxy group by a carboxymethyl moiety (20), and combination of both structural modifications (25) led to highly active inhibitors of the human type 2 isozyme (IC(50) values: 15, 11 nM; 20, 6 nM; 25, 7 nM; finasteride, 5 nM). In vivo all compounds tested markedly reduced the prostate weights in castrated testosterone-treated rats. Oral activity was shown for compound 7. From the finding that compound 15 is active in the rat, although it is a rather poor inhibitor of the rat enzyme and is a strong inhibitor of the human enzyme, it is concluded that it should be highly potent in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Picard
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. Box 15 11 50, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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25
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Matter H, Defossa E, Heinelt U, Blohm PM, Schneider D, Müller A, Herok S, Schreuder H, Liesum A, Brachvogel V, Lönze P, Walser A, Al-Obeidi F, Wildgoose P. Design and quantitative structure-activity relationship of 3-amidinobenzyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamides as potent, nonchiral, and selective inhibitors of blood coagulation factor Xa. J Med Chem 2002; 45:2749-69. [PMID: 12061878 DOI: 10.1021/jm0111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 138 nonchiral 3-amidinobenzyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamides and analogues as inhibitors of the blood coagulation enzyme factor Xa (fXa) were designed, synthesized, and investigated by X-ray structure analysis and 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies (CoMFA, CoMSIA) in order to identify important protein-ligand interactions responsible for biological affinity and selectivity. Several compounds from this series are highly potent and selective inhibitors of this important enzyme linking extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways. To rationalize biological affinity and to provide guidelines for further design, all compounds were docked into the factor Xa binding site. Those docking studies were based on X-ray structures of factor Xa in complex with literature-known inhibitors. It was possible to validate those binding modes by four X-ray crystal structures of representative ligands in factor Xa, while one ligand was additionally crystallized in trypsin to rationalize requirements for selective factor Xa inhibition. The 3D-QSAR models based on a superposition rule derived from these docking studies were validated using conventional and cross-validated r(2) values using the leave-one-out method and repeated analyses using two randomly chosen cross-validation groups plus randomization of biological activities. This led to consistent and highly predictive 3D-QSAR models with good correlation coefficients for both CoMFA and CoMSIA, which were found to correspond to experimentally determined factor Xa binding site topology in terms of steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic complementarity. Subsets selected as smaller training sets using 2D fingerprints and maximum dissimilarity methods resulted in 3D-QSAR models with remarkable correlation coefficients and a high predictive power. The final quantitative SAR information agrees with all experimental data for the binding topology and thus provides reasonable activity predictions for novel factor Xa inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Matter
- Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH, DI&A, Molecular Modeling, Building G 878, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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26
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Chang D, Feiten HJ, Engesser KH, van Beilen JB, Witholt B, Li Z. Practical syntheses of N-substituted 3-hydroxyazetidines and 4-hydroxypiperidines by hydroxylation with Sphingomonas sp. HXN-200. Org Lett 2002; 4:1859-62. [PMID: 12027632 DOI: 10.1021/ol025829s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Hydroxylation of N-substituted azetidines 11 and 12 and piperidines 15-19 with Sphingomonas sp. HXN-200 gave 91-98% of the corresponding 3-hydroxyazetidines 13 and 14 and 4-hydroxypiperidines 20-24, respectively, with high activity and excellent regioselectivity. High yields and high product concentrations (2 g/L) were achieved with frozen/thawed cells as biocatalyst. For the first time, rehydrated lyophilized cells were successfully used for the biohydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Li Z, Feiten HJ, Chang D, Duetz WA, van Beilen JB, Witholt B. Preparation of (R)- and (S)-N-protected 3-hydroxypyrrolidines by hydroxylation with Sphingomonas sp. HXN-200, a highly active, regio- and stereoselective, and easy to handle biocatalyst. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8424-30. [PMID: 11735520 DOI: 10.1021/jo015826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxylation of N-benzylpyrrolidine 8 with resting cells of Sphingomonas sp. HXN-200 gave N-benzyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidine 15 in 53% ee (S) with an activity of 5.8 U/g CDW. By changing the "docking/protecting group" in pyrrolidines, hydroxylation activity and enantioselectivity were further improved and the enantiocomplementary formation of 3-hydroxypyrrolidines was achieved: hydroxylation of N-benzoyl-, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-, N-phenoxycarbonyl-, and N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidines 9-12 gave the corresponding 3-hydroxypyrrolidines 16-19 in ee of 52% (R), 75% (R), 39% (S), and 23% (R), respectively, with an activity of 2.2, 16, 14, and 24 U/g CDW, respectively. Simple crystallizations increased the ee of 16-18 to 95% (R), 98% (R), and 96% (S), respectively. Hydroxylation of pyrrolidines 8-12 with soluble cell-free extracts of Sphingomonas sp. HXN-200 and equimolar NADH gave 3-hydroxypyrrolidines 15-19 in nearly the same ee as the products generated by whole cell transformation, suggesting that this strain possesses a novel soluble alkane monooxygenase. Cells of Sphingomonas sp. HXN-200 were produced in large amounts and could be stored at -80 degrees C for 2 years without significant loss of activity. The frozen cells can be thawed and resuspended for biohydroxylation, providing a highly active and easy to handle biocatalyst for the regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of nonactivated carbon atoms. These cells were used to prepare 1.0-3.2 g (66.4-93.5% yield) of 3-hydroxypyrrolidines 16-19 by hydroxylation of pyrrolidines 9-12 on 0.9-2 L scale. Preparative hydroxylation was also achieved with growing cells as biocatalysts; hydroxylation of pyrrolidine 11 on 1 L scale gave 1.970 g (79.7% yield) of 3-hydroxypyrrolidine 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, ETH Zurich, Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Heinelt U, Herok S, Matter H, Wildgoose P. Solid-phase optimisation of achiral amidinobenzyl indoles as potent and selective factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:227-30. [PMID: 11206465 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the achiral and potent factor Xa inhibitor 1, a new and flexible solid-phase optimisation strategy is described to reduce its cationic character. By replacing one positively charged side chain by a lipophilic substituent, a novel series of highly potent and selective achiral factor Xa inhibitors was discovered. The identified lipophilic replacements in the S4 pocket might be valuable for other approaches towards fXa inhibitors.
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29
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Monnaie D, Arosio D, Griffon N, Rose T, Rezaie AR, Di Cera E. Identification of a binding site for quaternary amines in factor Xa. Biochemistry 2000; 39:5349-54. [PMID: 10820005 DOI: 10.1021/bi9926781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the process of characterizing the Na(+)-binding properties of factor Xa, a specific inhibition of this enzyme by quaternary amines was identified, consistent with previous observations. The binding occurs with K(i) in the low millimolar range, with trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA) showing the highest specificity. Binding of TMPA inhibits substrate hydrolysis in a competitive manner, does not inhibit the binding of p-aminobenzamidine to the S1 pocket, and is positively linked to Na(+) binding. Inhibition by TMPA is also seen in thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), though to a lesser extent compared to factor Xa. Computer modeling using the crystal structure of factor Xa suggests that TMPA binds to the S2/S3 specificity sites, with its hydrophobic moiety making van der Waals interactions with the side chains of Y99, F174, and W215, and the charged amine coupling electrostatically with the carboxylates of E97. Site-directed mutagenesis of factor Xa, thrombin, and tPA confirms the predictions drawn by docking calculations and reveal a dominant role for residue Y99. Binding of TMPA to factor Xa is drastically (25-fold) reduced by the Y99T replacement. Likewise, the Y99L substitution compromises binding of TMPA to tPA. On the other hand, the affinity of TMPA is enhanced 4-fold in thrombin with the substitution L99Y. The identification of a binding site for quaternary amines in factor Xa has a bearing on the rational design of selective inhibitors of this clotting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Monnaie
- Cardiovascular Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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30
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Wiley MR, Weir LC, Briggs S, Bryan NA, Buben J, Campbell C, Chirgadze NY, Conrad RC, Craft TJ, Ficorilli JV, Franciskovich JB, Froelich LL, Gifford-Moore DS, Goodson T, Herron DK, Klimkowski VJ, Kurz KD, Kyle JA, Masters JJ, Ratz AM, Milot G, Shuman RT, Smith T, Smith GF, Tebbe AL, Tinsley JM. Structure-based design of potent, amidine-derived inhibitors of factor Xa: evaluation of selectivity, anticoagulant activity, and antithrombotic activity. J Med Chem 2000; 43:883-99. [PMID: 10715155 DOI: 10.1021/jm9903287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the potency of 1,2-dibenzamidobenzene-derived inhibitors of factor Xa (fXa), an amidine substituent was incorporated on one of the benzoyl side chains to interact with Asp189 in the S1 specificity pocket. Lead molecule 1 was docked into the active site of fXa to facilitate inhibitor design. Subsequently, iterative SAR studies and molecular modeling led to a 1000-fold increase in fXa affinity and a refined model of the new inhibitors in the fXa active site. Strong support for the computational model was achieved through the acquisition of an X-ray crystal structure using thrombin as a surrogate protein. The amidines in this series show high levels of selectivity for the inhibition of fXa relative to other trypsin-like serine proteases. Furthermore, the fXa affinity of compounds in this series (K(ass) = 50-500 x 10(6) L/mol) translates effectively into both anticoagulant activity in vitro and antithrombotic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wiley
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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31
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Leung D, Abbenante G, Fairlie DP. Protease inhibitors: current status and future prospects. J Med Chem 2000; 43:305-41. [PMID: 10669559 DOI: 10.1021/jm990412m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Leung
- Centre for Drug Design and Development, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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32
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Chapter 9. Anticoagulants: Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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