1
|
Ahmed A, Ahmed QN, Mukherjee D. Conversion of N-acyl amidines to amidoximes: a convenient synthetic approach to molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) from ribose. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36143-36147. [PMID: 35492778 PMCID: PMC9043332 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06912h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method is described for the preparation of molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) an antiviral agent via regioselective conversion of an N-acyl-nucleoside intermediate, generated through stereo and regioselective glycosylation of protected ribose and N 4-acetyl cytosine, to an amidoxime. This method avoids use of expensive starting materials, enzymes, complex reagents, and cumbersome purification procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmed
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM) Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-IIIM) Jammu-180001 India
| | - Qazi Naveed Ahmed
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM) Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-IIIM) Jammu-180001 India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM) Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-IIIM) Jammu-180001 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Atkinson EL, Iegre J, Brear PD, Zhabina EA, Hyvönen M, Spring DR. Downfalls of Chemical Probes Acting at the Kinase ATP-Site: CK2 as a Case Study. Molecules 2021; 26:1977. [PMID: 33807474 PMCID: PMC8037657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are a large class of enzymes with numerous biological roles and many have been implicated in a vast array of diseases, including cancer and the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. Thus, the development of chemical probes to selectively target each kinase is of great interest. Inhibition of protein kinases with ATP-competitive inhibitors has historically been the most widely used method. However, due to the highly conserved structures of ATP-sites, the identification of truly selective chemical probes is challenging. In this review, we use the Ser/Thr kinase CK2 as an example to highlight the historical challenges in effective and selective chemical probe development, alongside recent advances in the field and alternative strategies aiming to overcome these problems. The methods utilised for CK2 can be applied to an array of protein kinases to aid in the discovery of chemical probes to further understand each kinase's biology, with wide-reaching implications for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L. Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (E.L.A.); (J.I.)
| | - Jessica Iegre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (E.L.A.); (J.I.)
| | - Paul D. Brear
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; (P.D.B.); (E.A.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Zhabina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; (P.D.B.); (E.A.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; (P.D.B.); (E.A.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (E.L.A.); (J.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Despite the impressive progress in nucleoside chemistry to date, the synthesis of nucleoside analogues is still a challenge. Chemoenzymatic synthesis has been proven to overcome most of the constraints of conventional nucleoside chemistry. A purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophila (AhPNP) has been used herein to catalyze the synthesis of Ribavirin, Tecadenoson, and Cladribine, by a “one-pot, one-enzyme” transglycosylation, which is the transfer of the carbohydrate moiety from a nucleoside donor to a heterocyclic base. As the sugar donor, 7-methylguanosine iodide and its 2′-deoxy counterpart were synthesized and incubated either with the “purine-like” base or the modified purine of the three selected APIs. Good conversions (49–67%) were achieved in all cases under screening conditions. Following this synthetic scheme, 7-methylguanine arabinoside iodide was also prepared with the purpose to synthesize the antiviral Vidarabine by a novel approach. However, in this case, neither the phosphorolysis of the sugar donor, nor the transglycosylation reaction were observed. This study was enlarged to two other ribonucleosides structurally related to Ribavirin and Tecadenoson, namely, Acadesine, or AICAR, and 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine, or CCPA. Only the formation of CCPA was observed (52%). This study paves the way for the development of a new synthesis of the target APIs at a preparative scale. Furthermore, the screening herein reported contributes to the collection of new data about the specific substrate requirements of AhPNP.
Collapse
|
4
|
Elgemeie GH, Mohamed RA. Microwave chemistry: Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides using microwave radiation. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2018.1543430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galal H. Elgemeie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham A. Mohamed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miyata S, Yamada T, Isozaki T, Sugimura H, Xu YZ, Suzuki T. Absorption Characteristics and Quantum Yields of Singlet Oxygen Generation of Thioguanosine Derivatives. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:677-684. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Miyata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science; Aoyama Gakuin University; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science; Aoyama Gakuin University; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tasuku Isozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science; Aoyama Gakuin University; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sugimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science; Aoyama Gakuin University; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yao-Zhong Xu
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences; the Open University; Milton Keynes UK
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science; Aoyama Gakuin University; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang C, Ju W, Ding S, Sun H, Mao G. Effective Synthesis of Nucleosides Utilizing O-Acetyl-Glycosyl Chlorides as Glycosyl Donors in the Absence of Catalyst: Mechanism Revision and Application to Silyl-Hilbert-Johnson Reaction. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010084. [PMID: 28067759 PMCID: PMC6155650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective synthesis of nucleosides using glycosyl chlorides as glycosyl donors in the absence of Lewis acid has been developed. Glycosyl chlorides have been shown to be pivotal intermediates in the classical silyl-Hilbert-Johnson reaction. A possible mechanism that differs from the currently accepted mechanism advanced by Vorbrueggen has been proposed and verified by experiments. In practice, this catalyst-free method provides easy access to Capecitabine in high yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Weihui Ju
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Shunjun Ding
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Han Sun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Gennian Mao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang W, Ma H, Yang Q, Wang J, Liu Y, Yang Q, Wu J, Song C, Chang J. The first example of palladium-catalyzed cascade amidine arylation–intramolecular ester amidation for the synthesis of hypoxanthines: application to the synthesis of 8-azanebularine analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:379-386. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route toward 8-azanebularines has been developed by involving a cycloaddition and a cascade amidine arylation–intramolecular ester amidation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province 450001
- China
| | - Haoran Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province 450001
- China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province 450001
- China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province 450001
- China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province 450001
- China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province 450001
- China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province 450001
- China
| | - Chuanjun Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province 450001
- China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province 450001
- China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neuner S, Kreutz C, Micura R. The synthesis of 15N(7)-Hoogsteen face-labeled adenosine phosphoramidite for solid-phase RNA synthesis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 148:149-155. [PMID: 28127100 PMCID: PMC5225212 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We have developed an efficient route for the synthesis of 15N(7)-labeled adenosine as phosphoramidite building block for site- and atom-specific incorporation into RNA by automated solid-phase synthesis. Such labeled RNA is required for the evaluation of selected non-canonical base pair interactions in folded RNA using NMR spectroscopic methods. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Neuner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Kreutz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodríguez D, Chakraborty S, Warnick E, Crane S, Gao ZG, O’Connor R, Jacobson KA, Carlsson J. Structure-Based Screening of Uncharted Chemical Space for Atypical Adenosine Receptor Agonists. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2763-2772. [PMID: 27439119 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule screening libraries cover only a small fraction of the astronomical number of possible drug-like compounds, limiting the success of ligand discovery efforts. Computational screening of virtual libraries representing unexplored chemical space could potentially bridge this gap. Drug development for adenosine receptors (ARs) as targets for inflammation and cardiovascular diseases has been hampered by the paucity of agonist scaffolds. To identify novel AR agonists, a virtual library of synthetically tractable nucleosides with alternative bases was generated and structure-based virtual screening guided selection of compounds for synthesis. Pharmacological assays were carried out at three AR subtypes for 13 ribosides. Nine compounds displayed significant activity at the ARs, and several of these represented atypical agonist scaffolds. The discovered ligands also provided insights into receptor activation and revealed unknown interactions of endogenous and clinical compounds with the ARs. The results demonstrate that virtual compound databases provide access to bioactive matter from regions of chemical space that are sparsely populated in commercial libraries, an approach transferrable to numerous drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rodríguez
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saibal Chakraborty
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Eugene Warnick
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Steven Crane
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Robert O’Connor
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, P.O.
Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Downey AM, Richter C, Pohl R, Mahrwald R, Hocek M. Direct One-Pot Synthesis of Nucleosides from Unprotected or 5-O-Monoprotected d-Ribose. Org Lett 2015; 17:4604-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Michael Downey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague-6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Celin Richter
- Institute
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor
Strasse 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague-6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Rainer Mahrwald
- Institute
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor
Strasse 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague-6 16610, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague-2 12843, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Crossey K, Cunningham RN, Redpath P, Migaud ME. Atom efficient synthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides by ball milling. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of nucleosides have been synthesised utilising a solventless approach to Vorbrüggen glycosylations aided by mechanochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Crossey
- School of Pharmacy
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | | | - P. Redpath
- School of Pharmacy
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Redpath P, Ness KA, Rousseau J, Macdonald SJ, Migaud ME. Facile access to new C-glycosides and C-glycoside scaffolds incorporating functionalised aromatic moieties. Carbohydr Res 2015; 402:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Manvar A, Shah A. Continuous Flow and Microwave-Assisted Vorbrüggen Glycosylations: Historical Perspective to High-Throughput Strategies. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Savateev KV, Ulomsky EN, Borisov SS, Voinkov EK, Fedotov VV, Rusinov VL. 8-Alkyl[1,2,4]Triazolo[5,1-b]Purines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
15
|
Golubev O, Lönnberg T, Lönnberg H. Interaction of Pd(2+) complexes of 2,6-disubstituted pyridines with nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 139:21-9. [PMID: 24950386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To learn more about the underlying principles of metal-ion-mediated recognition of nucleic acid bases, PdCl(+) complexes of six 2,6-disubstituted pyridines, viz. pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, its N(2),N(6)-dimethyl and N(2),N(6)-diisopropyl derivatives, 6-carbamoylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid, 6-aminomethylpyridine-2-carboxamide and its N(2)-methyl derivative, were prepared and their interaction with nucleoside 5'-monophosphate (NMP) was studied by (1)H NMR spectroscopy in D2O at pH7.2. The binding sites within the nucleobases were assigned on the basis of Pd(2+) induced changes in chemical shifts of the base moiety proton resonances. The mole fractions of NMPs engaged in mono- or dinuclear Pd(2+) complexes were determined at various concentrations by comparing the intensities of the aromatic and anomeric protons of the complexed and uncomplexed NMPs. Some of the pyridine complexes showed moderate discrimination between the NMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Golubev
- University of Turku, Department of Chemistry, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Lönnberg
- University of Turku, Department of Chemistry, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Lönnberg
- University of Turku, Department of Chemistry, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meher G, Efthymiou T, Stoop M, Krishnamurthy R. Microwave-assisted preparation of nucleoside-phosphoramidites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7463-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted phosphitylation of nucleosides is an efficient method for the preparation of phosphoramidites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Meher
- Department of Chemistry
- The Scripps Research Institute
- La Jolla, USA
| | - T. Efthymiou
- Department of Chemistry
- The Scripps Research Institute
- La Jolla, USA
| | - M. Stoop
- Department of Chemistry
- The Scripps Research Institute
- La Jolla, USA
| | - R. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry
- The Scripps Research Institute
- La Jolla, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Fujino T, Endo K, Yamazaki N, Isobe H. Synthesis of Triazole-linked Analogues of RNA (TLRNA). CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenta Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ubiali D, Serra CD, Serra I, Morelli CF, Terreni M, Albertini AM, Manitto P, Speranza G. Production, Characterization and Synthetic Application of a Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase fromAeromonas hydrophila. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ubiali
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I‐27100 Pavia, Italy
- Italian Biocatalysis Center, via Taramelli 12, I‐27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla D. Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, I‐20133 Milano, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐02‐5031‐4072; phone: (+39)‐02‐5031‐4097
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I‐27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo F. Morelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, I‐20133 Milano, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐02‐5031‐4072; phone: (+39)‐02‐5031‐4097
| | - Marco Terreni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I‐27100 Pavia, Italy
- Italian Biocatalysis Center, via Taramelli 12, I‐27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra M. Albertini
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Ferrata 1, I‐27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Manitto
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, I‐20133 Milano, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐02‐5031‐4072; phone: (+39)‐02‐5031‐4097
- Italian Biocatalysis Center, via Taramelli 12, I‐27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, I‐20133 Milano, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐02‐5031‐4072; phone: (+39)‐02‐5031‐4097
- Italian Biocatalysis Center, via Taramelli 12, I‐27100 Pavia, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, CNR, via Golgi 19, I‐20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
MAOS and medicinal chemistry: some important examples from the last years. Molecules 2011; 16:9274-97. [PMID: 22064269 PMCID: PMC6264757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to highlight microwave-assisted organic synthesis as applied to medicinal chemistry in the last years, showing some reactions performed under microwave irradiation for the synthesis of distinct structurally molecules of biological interest, divided into the following groups: antineoplastics, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial agents, antivirals, agents for the treatment of neglected diseases and central nervous system-acting prototypes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Nicolaou KC, Ellery SP, Rivas F, Saye K, Rogers E, Workinger TJ, Schallenberger M, Tawatao R, Montero A, Hessell A, Romesberg F, Carson D, Burton D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2',4'- and 3',4'-bridged nucleoside analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5648-69. [PMID: 21840722 PMCID: PMC3348725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Most nucleosides in solution typically exist in equilibrium between two major sugar pucker forms, N-type and S-type, but bridged nucleosides can be locked into one of these conformations depending on their specific structure. While many groups have researched these bridged nucleosides for the purpose of determining their binding affinity for antisense applications, we opted to look into the potential for biological activity within these conformationally-locked structures. A small library of 2',4'- and 3',4'-bridged nucleoside analogues was synthesized, including a novel 3',4'-carbocyclic bridged system. The synthesized compounds were tested for antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral activities, leading to the identification of nucleosides possessing such biological activities. To the best of our knowledge, these biologically active compounds represent the first example of 2',4'-bridged nucleosides to demonstrate such properties. The most potent compound, nucleoside 33, exhibited significant antiviral activity against pseudoviruses SF162 (IC(50)=7.0 μM) and HxB2 (IC(50)=2.4 μM). These findings render bridged nucleosides as credible leads for drug discovery in the anti-HIV area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lazrek HB, Ouzebla D, Faraj A. An economical synthesis of D- and L-pyrimidine arabino- and ribonucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2011; 30:227-34. [PMID: 21491331 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.568033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The one-step synthesis of several β-D/L-arabino- and ribonucleosides was performed in good yields under reflux or microwave-assisted fusion method. A comparison of the two methods showed that better yields were obtained using the reflux conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan B Lazrek
- Unite de Chimie Biomoleculaire et Medicinale (URAC16), Faculte des Sciences Semlalia, Universite Cadi-Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang HW, Detorio M, Herman BD, Solomon S, Bassit L, Nettles JH, Obikhod A, Tao SJ, Mellors JW, Sluis-Cremer N, Coats SJ, Schinazi RF. Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3832-44. [PMID: 21700368 PMCID: PMC3242641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted optimized transglycosylation reactions were used to prepare eleven modified l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides. These l-nucleoside analogs were evaluated against HIV and hepatitis B virus. The l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurines nucleosides were metabolized to nucleoside 5'-triphosphates in primary human lymphocytes, but exhibited weak or no antiviral activity against HIV-1. The nucleosides were also inactive against HBV in HepG2 cells. Pre-steady state kinetic experiments demonstrated that the l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine triphosphates could be incorporated by purified HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, although their catalytic efficiency (k(pol)/K(d)) of incorporation was low. Interestingly, a phosphoramidate prodrug of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity without significant toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wang Zhang
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Mervi Detorio
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Brian D. Herman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sarah Solomon
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Leda Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - James H. Nettles
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Aleksandr Obikhod
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Si-jia Tao
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - John W. Mellors
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicolas Sluis-Cremer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
In recent decades, nucleosides analogs have been the cornerstone in the treatment of various diseases, such as AIDS, herpes and hepatitis. More than 40 modified nucleosides are officially approved by the US FDA and represent the major compound class for inhibition of viral replication. By comparison with traditional conditions, microwave irradiation offers a powerful tool that can increase yields and decrease reaction time, with simple manipulation and an environmentally friendly way. Here, we report the latest progress in nucleoside synthesis using microwave irradiation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hałuszczak J, Macdonald SJF, Migaud ME. A one pot three-step process for the synthesis of an array of arylated benzimidazoribosyl nucleosides. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2821-31. [PMID: 21373690 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00866d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A three-step one pot reaction/purification protocol was developed to facilitate rapid access to benzimidazole-based nucleosides, for which benzoylated benzimidazoribosyl nucleosides incorporating boronic esters were key reaction intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Hałuszczak
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK BT9 7BL
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sniady A, Bedore MW, Jamison TF. One-Flow, Multistep Synthesis of Nucleosides by Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
27
|
Sniady A, Bedore MW, Jamison TF. One-flow, multistep synthesis of nucleosides by Brønsted acid-catalyzed glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2155-8. [PMID: 21344574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sniady
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Arico JW, Calhoun AK, McLaughlin LW. Preparation of the 2′-Deoxynucleosides of 2,6-Diaminopurine and Isoguanine by Direct Glycosylation. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1360-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902616s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Arico
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| | - Amy K. Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| | - Larry W. McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Link A, Heidler P, Kaiser M, Brun R. Synthesis of a series of N6-substituted adenosines with activity against trypanosomatid parasites. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:3665-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Llewellyn DB, Wahhab A. An efficient synthesis of base-substituted analogues of S-adenosyl-dl-homocysteine. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
31
|
Kappe CO, Dallinger D. Controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis: highlights from the 2004–2008 literature. Mol Divers 2009; 13:71-193. [PMID: 19381851 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-009-9138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
32
|
Regioselectivity in the glycosylation of 5-(3-chlorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:725-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Inhibitors of adenosine consuming parasites through polymer-assisted solution phase synthesis of lipophilic 5′-amido-5′-deoxyadenosine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:1428-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Bookser BC, Raffaele NB. High-Throughput Synthesis of HepDirect Prodrugs of Nucleoside Monophosphates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:567-72. [DOI: 10.1021/cc8000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett C. Bookser
- Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc., 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Nicholas B. Raffaele
- Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc., 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Devine SM, Scammells PJ. An efficient convergent synthesis of adenosine-5′-N-alkyluronamides. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Andrade MM, Barros MT, Rodrigues P. Selective Synthesis Under Microwave Irradiation of Carbohydrate Derivatives Containing Unsaturated Systems. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Lu W, Sengupta S, Petersen JL, Akhmedov NG, Shi X. Mitsunobu Coupling of Nucleobases and Alcohols: An Efficient, Practical Synthesis for Novel Nonsugar Carbon Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5012-5. [PMID: 17523669 DOI: 10.1021/jo070515+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple facile synthesis of substituted purine derivatives has been developed by using Mitsunobu conditions for an alcohol and a respective nucleobase. A wide range of alcohols produces good to excellent yield (>90%). The resulting purine analogues show good regioselectivity with N-9 substitution as the dominant products in most of the cases. Application of diastereospecific alcohols reveals a complete inversion of the carbon stereogenic center giving a single diastereomer. More than two dozen novel nucleobase derivatives have been prepared in high yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Lu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Seela F, Xu K. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides related to 2-aminoadenosine and isoguanosine: synthesis, deamination and tautomerism. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3034-45. [PMID: 17728871 DOI: 10.1039/b708736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses and properties of 8-aza-7-deazapurine (pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) ribonucleosides related to 2-aminoadenosine and isoguanosine are described. Glycosylation of 8-aza-7-deazapurine-2,6-diamine 5 with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranose (12) in the presence of BF(3) x Et(2)O as a catalyst gave the N(8) isomer 14 (73%) with a trace amount of the N(9) isomer 13a (4.8%). Under the same reaction conditions, the 7-halogenated 8-aza-7-deazapurine-2,6-diamines 6-8 afforded the thermodynamically more stable N(9) nucleosides 13b-d as the only products (53-70%). Thus, a halogen in position 7 shifts the glycosylation from N(8) to N(9). The 8-aza-7-deazapurine-4,6-diamine ribonucleosides 1a-d were converted to the isoguanosine derivatives 3a-d by diazotization of the 2-amino group. Although compounds 1a,b do not contain a nitrogen at position 7 (the enzyme binding site), they were deaminated by adenosine deaminase; however, their deamination occurred with a much slower velocity than that of the related purines. The pK(a) values indicate that the 7-non-functionalized nucleosides 1a (pK(a) 5.8) and 15 (pK(a) 6.4) are possibly protonated in neutral conditions when incorporated into RNA. The nucleosides 3a-d exist predominantly in the keto (lactam) form with K(TAUT) (keto/enol) values of 400-1200 compared to 10(3)-10(4) for pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine isoguanosine derivatives 4a-c and 10 for isoguanosine itself, which will reduce RNA mispairing with U.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seela
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|