1
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Petruncio G, Lee KH, Girgis M, Shellnutt Z, Beaulac Z, Xiang J, Lee SH, Peng X, Burdick M, Noble SM, Shim YM, Paige M. Synthesis and Evaluation of diaryl ether modulators of the leukotriene A 4 hydrolase aminopeptidase activity. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116459. [PMID: 38704942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the aminopeptidase (AP) activity of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) presents a potential therapeutic strategy for resolving chronic inflammation. Previously, ARM1 and derivatives were found to activate the AP activity using the alanine-p-nitroanilide (Ala-pNA) as a reporter group in an enzyme kinetics assay. As an extension of this previous work, novel ARM1 derivatives were synthesized using a palladium-catalyzed Ullmann coupling reaction and screened using the same assay. Analogue 5, an aminopyrazole (AMP) analogue of ARM1, was found to be a potent AP activator with an AC50 of 0.12 μM. An X-ray crystal structure of LTA4H in complex with AMP was refined at 2.7 Å. Despite its AP activity with Ala-pNA substrate, AMP did not affect hydrolysis of the previously proposed natural ligand of LTA4H, Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP). This result highlights a discrepancy between the hydrolysis of more conveniently monitored chromogenic synthetic peptides typically employed in assays and endogenous peptides. The epoxide hydrolase (EH) activity of AMP was measured in vivo and the compound significantly reduced leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels in a murine bacterial pneumonia model. However, AMP did not enhance survival in the murine pneumonia model over a 14-day period. A liver microsome stability assay showed metabolic stability of AMP. The results suggested that accelerated Ala-pNA cleavage is not sufficient for predicting therapeutic potential, even when the full mechanism of activation is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Petruncio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States.
| | - Kyung Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States
| | - Michael Girgis
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States
| | - Zachary Shellnutt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States
| | - Zach Beaulac
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States
| | - Jiangdong Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Soo Hyeon Lee
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States
| | - Xuejun Peng
- Bruker Scientific LLC., 101 Daggett Drive, San Jose CA, 95134, United States
| | - Marie Burdick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Schroeder M Noble
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States.
| | - Yun M Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States.
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States.
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2
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Oboh E, Teixeira JE, Schubert TJ, Maribona AS, Denman BN, Patel R, Huston CD, Meyers MJ. Structure-Activity relationships of replacements for the triazolopyridazine of Anti-Cryptosporidium lead SLU-2633. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 86:117295. [PMID: 37148788 PMCID: PMC10201403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease particularly harmful to children and immunocompromised people. Infection is caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium and leads to dehydration, malnutrition, and death in severe cases. Nitazoxanide is the only FDA approved drug but is only modestly effective in children and ineffective in immunocompromised patients. To address this unmet medical need, we previously identified triazolopyridazine SLU-2633 as potent against Cryptosporidium parvum, with an EC50 of 0.17 µM. In the present study, we develop structure-activity relationships (SAR) for the replacement of the triazolopyridazine head group by exploring different heteroaryl groups with the aim of maintaining potency while reducing affinity for the hERG channel. 64 new analogs of SLU-2633 were synthesized and assayed for potency versus C. parvum. The most potent compound, 7,8-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine 17a, was found to have a Cp EC50 of 1.2 µM, 7-fold less potent than SLU-2633 but has an improved lipophilic efficiency (LipE) score. 17a was found to decrease inhibition in an hERG patch-clamp assay by about two-fold relative to SLU-2633 at 10 µM despite having similar inhibition in a [3H]-dofetilide competitive binding assay. While most other heterocycles were significantly less potent than the lead, some analogs such as azabenzothiazole 31b, have promising potency in the low micromolar range, similar to the drug nitazoxanide, and represent potential new leads for optimization. Overall, this work highlights the important role of the terminal heterocyclic head group and represents a significant extension of the understanding of the SAR for this class of anti-Cryptosporidium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Oboh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - José E Teixeira
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05401, United States
| | - Tanner J Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Adriana S Maribona
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Brylon N Denman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Radhika Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Christopher D Huston
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05401, United States.
| | - Marvin J Meyers
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, United States; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States.
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3
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Lindman J, Gopalan G, Palo-Nieto C, Brandt P, Gising J, Larhed M. Diastereoselective Synthesis of N-Methylspiroindolines by Intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck Annulations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32525-32535. [PMID: 36120037 PMCID: PMC9476516 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spiroindolines represent a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry, although stereocontrol around the spirocarbon can be a synthetic challenge. Here we present a palladium(0)-catalyzed intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck annulation reaction from (+)-Vince lactam-derived cyclopentenyl-tethered 2-bromo-N-methylanilines for the formation of N-methylspiroindolines. A series of 14 N-methylspiroindolines were synthesized in 59-81% yield with diastereoselectivity >98%, which was rationalized by density functional theory calculations and confirmed through X-ray crystallography. One spiroindoline was converted to an N- and C-terminal protected rigidified unnatural amino acid, which could be orthogonally deprotected.
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4
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Pradhan S, Sankar RV, Gunanathan C. A Boron-Nitrogen Double Transborylation Strategy for Borane-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Nitriles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12386-12396. [PMID: 36045008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Organoborane-catalyzed hydroboration of nitriles provides N,N-diborylamines, which act as efficient synthons for the synthesis of primary amines and secondary amides. Known nitrile hydroboration methods are dominated by metal catalysis. Simple and metal-free hydroboration of nitriles using diborane [H-B-9-BBN]2 as a catalyst and pinacolborane as a turnover reagent is reported. The reaction of monomeric H-B-9-BBN with nitriles leads to the hydrido-bridged diborylimine intermediate; a subsequent sequential double hydroboration-transborylation pathway involving B-N/B-H σ bond metathesis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Raman Vijaya Sankar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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5
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Sauer M, Beemelmanns C. Application of pyrrolo-protected amino aldehydes in the stereoselective synthesis of anti-1,2-amino alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8990-8993. [PMID: 35861502 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the applicability of the 2,5-dimethylpyrrolo unit as a complementary N-protecting group in the highly diastereoselective synthesis of more than 20 different anti-amino alcohols (63-90% yields with up to 20 : 1 dr). Cleavage of the pyrrolo-N-protecting group was accomplished, e.g. in the presence of NH2OH under microwave conditions with yields exceeding 80%. The applicability of the protecting groups was further demonstrated by a short total synthesis of the sphinganine-like natural product clavaminol A. The introduction of the N-pyrrolo protecting group also offers the possibility to analyse product mixtures by NMR measurements due to the absence of conformational isomers, which are otherwise common for N-protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sauer
- Research group Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Research group Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany. .,Biochemistry of Microbial Metabolism, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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6
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Yorimitsu H, Ozaki T, Kaga A, Saito H. Generation of Aryllithium Reagents from N-Arylpyrroles Using Lithium. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1482-2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTreatment of 1-aryl-2,5-diphenylpyrroles with lithium powder in tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C results in the generation of the corresponding aryllithium reagents through reductive C–N bond cleavage.
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7
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Nguyen HT, Ngo DKT, Chau KDN, Tran PH. Imidazolium Triflate Ionic Liquid Improves the Activity of ZnCl 2 in the Synthesis of Pyrroles and Ketones. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1868910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Truong Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Khiem Duy Nguyen Chau
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Hoang Tran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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8
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Patel DB, Rajani DP, Rajani SD, Patel HD. A green synthesis of quinoline‐4‐carboxylic derivatives using
p
‐toluenesulfonic acid as an efficient organocatalyst under microwave irradiation and their docking, molecular dynamics, ADME‐Tox and biological evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval B. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of SciencesGujarat University Ahmedabad India
| | - Dhanji P. Rajani
- Microcare Laboratory and Tuberculosis Research Centre Surat India
| | - Smita D. Rajani
- Microcare Laboratory and Tuberculosis Research Centre Surat India
| | - Hitesh D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of SciencesGujarat University Ahmedabad India
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9
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Fillafer N, Seewald T, Schmidt-Mende L, Polarz S. Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:466-479. [PMID: 32274286 PMCID: PMC7113553 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the vast majority of studies on semiconductor particles ligands or capping agents are used that bind to the surface of the particles covering them with an electrically insulating shell. Since the transport of charge carriers and/or energy across interfaces is desirable for a variety of applications, the use of π-conjugated ligands becomes increasingly interesting. Among them are compounds that react to external stimuli. Molecular switches in particular are fascinating because the properties of the interfaces can be potentially adjusted as required. However, there is debate about how the properties of such special ligands are influenced by the presence of a semiconductor and vice versa. Here ammonium-modified azobenzene compounds were selected as prototypes for molecular switches and organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites as semiconductor materials. The class of ammonium-lead-halide phases as prototypes is peculiar because, in addition to the surface functionalization of 3D crystals, organic compounds can actually be incorporated into the crystal as 2D phases. Thus, for example, layered Ruddlesden-Popper phases are obtained. We present photoswitchable azobenzene ligands with different head-group lengths for the synthesis of 2D and 3D hybrid perovskite phases. The energy transfer mechanisms are influenced by the length of the molecular spacer moiety, which determines the distance between the π system and the semiconductor surfaces. We find huge differences in the photoswitching behaviour between the free, surface-coordinated and integrated ligands between the perovskite layers. Photoswitching of azobenzene ligands incorporated in 2D phases is nearly quenched, while the same mechanism for surface-coordinating ligands is greatly improved, compared to the free ligands. The improvement originates from an energy transfer from perovskite to azobenzene, which is strongly distance-dependent. This study provides evidence for the photoswitching of azobenzenes as ligands of hybrid perovskites, which depends on the spacing between the chromophore and the perovskite phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fillafer
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tobias Seewald
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Polarz
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
- Leibniz-University of Hannover, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Callinstrasse 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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10
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Chithanna S, Vyasamudri S, Yang DY. Application of Dimedone Enamines as Protecting Groups for Amines and Peptides. Org Lett 2020; 22:2391-2395. [PMID: 32148048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple protocol for the protection of amines was realized through a base-catalyzed one-pot reaction of dimedone, β-nitroalkene, and amine. Employing this strategy, a variety of amines/amino acids were protected in excellent yields. These acid/base stable protected amines can be deprotected by either ethylene diamine or hydrazine hydrate under mild conditions. The practical application of this orthogonal protecting group was demonstrated by the synthesis of cyclic peptide melanotan II via SPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivanna Chithanna
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung City, 40704 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sameer Vyasamudri
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung City, 40704 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ding-Yah Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung City, 40704 Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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Lee KH, Petruncio G, Shim A, Burdick M, Zhang Z, Shim YM, Noble SM, Paige M. Effect of Modifier Structure on the Activation of Leukotriene A 4 Hydrolase Aminopeptidase Activity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10605-10616. [PMID: 31751136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) aminopeptidase (AP) activity with 4-methoxydiphenylmethane (4MDM) promoted resolution of neutrophil infiltration in a murine cigarette smoke-induced model for emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recently, 4-(4-benzylphenyl)thiazol-2-amine (ARM1) was published as a ligand for LTA4H with potential anti-inflammatory properties. To investigate the effect of modifier structure on enzyme kinetics of LTA4H, a series of analogues bearing structural features of ARM1 and 4MDM were synthesized using trifluoroborate Suzuki coupling reactions. Following, the 2.8 Å X-ray crystal structure of LTA4H complexed with 4-OMe-ARM1, a 4MDM-ARM1 hybrid molecule, was determined. Kinetic analysis showed that ARM1 and related analogues lowered affinity for the enzyme-substrate complex, resulting in a change of mechanism from hyperbolic mixed predominately catalytic activation (HMx(Sp < Ca)A) as observed for 4MDM to a predominately specific activation (HMx(Sp > Ca)A) mechanism. 4-OMe-ARM1 was then shown to dose responsively reduce LTB4 production in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , George Mason University , 10920 George Mason Circle , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department , Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , 503 Robert Grant Ave , Silver Spring , Maryland 20910 , United States
| | - Greg Petruncio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , George Mason University , 10920 George Mason Circle , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
| | - Amanda Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Marie Burdick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Yun M Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Schroeder M Noble
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department , Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , 503 Robert Grant Ave , Silver Spring , Maryland 20910 , United States
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , George Mason University , 10920 George Mason Circle , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
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12
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Thopate Y, Singh R, Sharma T, Siddiqi MI, Sinha AK. Towards a Step-Economical and Waste-Free [hmim]Br-Catalyzed Deprotection of β-Sulfido Carbonyl Groups into (E
)-Enones and Mechanistic Insights. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Thopate
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension; Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Richa Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension; Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Tanuj Sharma
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension; Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Mohammad I. Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension; Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Arun K. Sinha
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension; Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
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13
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Zhang W, Chen W, Xiao H, Krische MJ. Carbonyl anti-(α-Amino)allylation via Ruthenium Catalyzed Hydrogen Autotransfer: Use of an Acetylenic Pyrrole as an Allylmetal Pronucleophile. Org Lett 2017; 19:4876-4879. [PMID: 28849663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A single ruthenium complex catalyzes two discrete transformations resulting in the net conversion of an acetylenic pyrrole and alcohols to products of carbonyl anti-(α-amino)allylation. An initial catalytic process enables isomerization of an alkyne to a kinetically more reactive allene. A second catalytic process promotes alcohol-to-allene hydrogen transfer to form an aldehyde-allylruthenium pair that engages in regio- and diastereoselective carbonyl addition. A related reductive coupling of aldehydes mediated by 2-propanol also is described. The present catalytic processes represent rare examples of the use of alkynes as nucleophilic allylmetal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Zhang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Weijie Chen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hongde Xiao
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Roy T, Brandt P, Wetzel A, Bergman J, Brånalt J, Sävmarker J, Larhed M. Selective Synthesis of Spirooxindoles by an Intramolecular Heck-Mizoroki Reaction. Org Lett 2017; 19:2738-2741. [PMID: 28471686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a highly diastereoselective synthesis of cyclopentene-spirooxindole derivatives via an intramolecular Heck-Mizoroki reaction using aryl bromides as precursors. The reactions were performed under dry conditions or in a DMF-water system. This protocol can be useful to introduce several functionalities to the aromatic nucleus of the spirooxindoles. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the high antiselectivity. A functionalized spiroproduct was transformed into a cyclic amino acid derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Roy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University , Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Brandt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University , Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Wetzel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bergman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
| | - Jonas Brånalt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sävmarker
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University , Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, BMC, Uppsala University , Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Kang S, Li H, Tang W, Martásek P, Roman LJ, Poulos TL, Silverman RB. 2-Aminopyridines with a Truncated Side Chain To Improve Human Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitory Potency and Selectivity. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5548-60. [PMID: 26120733 PMCID: PMC4514563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed a recently obtained crystal structure of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and then designed and synthesized several 2-aminopyridine derivatives containing a truncated side chain to avoid the hydrophobic pocket that differentiates human and rat nNOS in an attempt to explore alternative binding poses along the substrate access channel of human nNOS. Introduction of an N-methylethane-1,2-diamine side chain and conformational constraints such as benzonitrile and pyridine as the middle aromatic linker were sufficient to increase human and rat nNOS binding affinity and inducible and endothelial NOS selectivity. We found that 14b is a potent inhibitor; the binding modes with human and rat nNOS are unexpected, inducing side chain rotamer changes in Gln478 (rat) at the top of the active site. Compound 19c exhibits Ki values of 24 and 55 nM for rat and human nNOS, respectively, with 153-fold iNOS and 1040-fold eNOS selectivity. 19c has 18% oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soosung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dae-gu, Korea
| | - Huiying Li
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78384-7760, United States
| | - Linda J. Roman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78384-7760, United States
| | - Thomas L. Poulos
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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16
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Voth S, Hollett JW, McCubbin JA. Transition-Metal-Free Access to Primary Anilines from Boronic Acids and a Common +NH2 Equivalent. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2545-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5025078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Voth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada, R3B 2E9
| | - Joshua W. Hollett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada, R3B 2E9
| | - J. Adam McCubbin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada, R3B 2E9
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17
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Holden JK, Kang S, Hollingsworth SA, Li H, Lim N, Chen S, Huang H, Xue F, Tang W, Silverman RB, Poulos TL. Structure-based design of bacterial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:994-1004. [PMID: 25522110 PMCID: PMC4306518 DOI: 10.1021/jm501723p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
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Inhibition
of bacterial nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) has the potential to improve
the efficacy of antimicrobials used to treat infections by Gram-positive
pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis. However, inhibitor specificity
toward bNOS over the mammalian NOS (mNOS) isoforms remains a challenge
because of the near identical NOS active sites. One key structural
difference between the NOS isoforms is the amino acid composition
of the pterin cofactor binding site that is adjacent to the NOS active
site. Previously, we demonstrated that a NOS inhibitor targeting both
the active and pterin sites was potent and functioned as an antimicrobial
(Holden, , Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. U.S.A.2013, 110, 1812724145412). Here we present additional crystal structures, binding
analyses, and bacterial killing studies of inhibitors that target
both the active and pterin sites of a bNOS and function as antimicrobials.
Together, these data provide a framework for continued development
of bNOS inhibitors, as each molecule represents an excellent chemical
scaffold for the design of isoform selective bNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Holden
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, University of California , 2206 Nat. Sci. 1, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
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18
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Kang S, Tang W, Li H, Chreifi G, Martásek P, Roman LJ, Poulos TL, Silverman RB. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors that interact with both heme propionate and tetrahydrobiopterin show high isoform selectivity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4382-96. [PMID: 24758147 PMCID: PMC4032192 DOI: 10.1021/jm5004182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of NO by nNOS is implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse neuronal disorders. Since NO signaling is involved in diverse physiological functions, selective inhibition of nNOS over other isoforms is essential to minimize side effects. A series of α-amino functionalized aminopyridine derivatives (3-8) were designed to probe the structure-activity relationship between ligand, heme propionate, and H4B. Compound 8R was identified as the most potent and selective molecule of this study, exhibiting a Ki of 24 nM for nNOS, with 273-fold and 2822-fold selectivity against iNOS and eNOS, respectively. Although crystal structures of 8R complexed with nNOS and eNOS revealed a similar binding mode, the selectivity stems from the distinct electrostatic environments in two isoforms that result in much lower inhibitor binding free energy in nNOS than in eNOS. These findings provide a basis for further development of simple, but even more selective and potent, nNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soosung Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Wei Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Huiying Li
- Departments
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Georges Chreifi
- Departments
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health
Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78384-7760, United States
| | - Linda J. Roman
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health
Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78384-7760, United States
| | - Thomas L. Poulos
- Departments
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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