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Pospíšilová J, Toman D, Ručil T, Cankař P. D-Hexopyranosides with Vicinal Nitrogen-Containing Functionalities. Molecules 2024; 29:3465. [PMID: 39124870 PMCID: PMC11313743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Various substituted D-hexopypyranosides units with nitrogen-containing functionalities are present in many important natural compounds and pharmaceutical substances. Since their complex structural diversity contributes to a broad spectrum of biological functions and activities, these derivatives are frequently studied. This review covers syntheses of D-hexopyranosides with vicinal nitrogen-containing functionalities since the 1960s, when the first articles emerged. The syntheses are arranged according to the positions of substitutions, to form a relative configuration of vicinal functionalities, and synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Petr Cankař
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (D.T.); (T.R.)
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Fascione MA, Brabham R, Turnbull WB. Mechanistic Investigations into the Application of Sulfoxides in Carbohydrate Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:3916-28. [PMID: 26744250 PMCID: PMC4794778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The utility of sulfoxides in a diverse range of transformations in the field of carbohydrate chemistry has seen rapid growth since the first introduction of a sulfoxide as a glycosyl donor in 1989. Sulfoxides have since developed into more than just anomeric leaving groups, and today have multiple roles in glycosylation reactions. These include as activators for thioglycosides, hemiacetals, and glycals, and as precursors to glycosyl triflates, which are essential for stereoselective β-mannoside synthesis, and bicyclic sulfonium ions that facilitate the stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosides. In this review we highlight the mechanistic investigations undertaken in this area, often outlining strategies employed to differentiate between multiple proposed reaction pathways, and how the conclusions of these investigations have and continue to inform upon the development of more efficient transformations in sulfoxide-based carbohydrate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fascione
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Robin Brabham
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Walvoort MTC, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Codée JDC. On the reactivity and selectivity of donor glycosides in glycochemistry and glycobiology: trapped covalent intermediates. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21610h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Tayu M, Higuchi K, Inaba M, Kawasaki T. Sulfoxide-TFAA and nucleophile combination as new reagent for aliphatic C-H functionalization at indole 2α-position. Org Biomol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23202538 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26944a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic C-H functionalization at indole 2α-position mediated by acyloxythionium species 1 generated from sulfoxide and acid anhydride has been developed. The combination of sulfoxide and TFAA with O-, N- and C-nucleophiles enabled introduction of various substituents in a one-pot procedure. Especially on utilizing DMSO, the combination provided a practical and efficient method for the synthesis of a wide range of 2α-substituted indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tayu
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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Nogueira JM, Issa JP, Chu AHA, Sisel JA, Schum RS, Bennett CS. Halide Effects on Cyclopropenium Cation Promoted Glycosylation with Deoxy Sugars: Highly α-Selective Glycosylations Using a 3,3-Dibromo-1,2-diphenylcyclopropene Promoter. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ye D, Shin WJ, Li N, Tang W, Feng E, Li J, He PL, Zuo JP, Kim H, Nam KY, Zhu W, Seong BL, Tai No K, Jiang H, Liu H. Synthesis of C-4-modified zanamivir analogs as neuraminidase inhibitors and their anti-AIV activities. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:764-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Rota P, Allevi P, Agnolin IS, Mattina R, Papini N, Anastasia M. A simple synthesis of N-perfluoroacylated and N-acylated glycals of neuraminic acid with a cyclic aminic substituent at the 4α position as possible inhibitors of sialidases. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2885-94. [PMID: 22395901 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple protocol for the synthesis of N-perfluoroacylated and N-acylated glycals of neuraminic acid, with a secondary cyclic amine (morpholine or piperidine) at the 4α position, has been set-up, starting from peracetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester that undergoes, sequentially to its direct N-transacylation followed by a C-4 amination, a β-elimination, and a selective hydrolysis of the ester functions, without affecting the sensitive perfluorinated amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rota
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology for the Medicine, Via Saldini 50, Milano, Italy.
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Fascione MA, Adshead SJ, Mandal PK, Kilner CA, Leach AG, Turnbull WB. Mechanistic studies on a sulfoxide transfer reaction mediated by diphenyl sulfoxide/triflic anhydride. Chemistry 2012; 18:2987-97. [PMID: 22294491 PMCID: PMC3743163 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoxides are frequently used in organic synthesis as chiral auxiliaries and reagents to mediate a wide variety of chemical transformations. For example, diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride can be used to activate a wide range of glycosyl donors including hemiacetals, glycals and thioglycosides. In this way, an alcohol, enol or sulfide is converted into a good leaving group for subsequent reaction with an acceptor alcohol. However, reaction of diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride with oxathiane-based thioglycosides, and other oxathianes, leads to a different process in which the thioglycoside is oxidised to a sulfoxide. This unexpected oxidation reaction is very stereoselective and proceeds under anhydrous conditions in which the diphenyl sulfoxide acts both as oxidant and as the source of the oxygen atom. Isotopic labelling experiments support a reaction mechanism that involves the formation of oxodisulfonium (S-O-S) dication intermediates. These intermediates undergo oxygen-exchange reactions with other sulfoxides and also allow interconversion of axial and equatorial sulfoxides in oxathiane rings. The reversibility of the oxygen-exchange reaction suggests that the stereochemical outcome of the oxidation reaction may be under thermodynamic control, which potentially presents a novel strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of sulfoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fascione
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
| | - Sophie J Adshead
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
| | - Pintu K Mandal
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
| | - Colin A Kilner
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
| | - Andrew G Leach
- AstraZenecaAlderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TF (UK)
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
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Crich D. Methodology development and physical organic chemistry: a powerful combination for the advancement of glycochemistry. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9193-209. [PMID: 21919522 PMCID: PMC3215858 DOI: 10.1021/jo2017026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective outlines work in the Crich group on the diastereoselective synthesis of the so-called difficult classes of glycosidic bond: the 2-deoxy-β-glycopyranosides, the β-mannopyranosides, the α-sialosides, the α-glucopyranosides, and the β-arabinofuranosides with an emphasis on the critical interplay between mechanism and methodology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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Nogueira JM, Nguyen SH, Bennett CS. Cyclopropenium Cation Promoted Dehydrative Glycosylations Using 2-Deoxy- and 2,6-Dideoxy-Sugar Donors. Org Lett 2011; 13:2814-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200726v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Son Hong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Zhang D, Ye D, Feng E, Wang J, Shi J, Jiang H, Liu H. Highly α-Selective Synthesis of Sialyl Spirohydantoins by Regiospecific Domino Condensation/O→N Acyl Migration/N-Sialylation of Carbodiimides with Peracetylated Sialic Acid. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3552-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100016k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengyou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Enguang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Sialic acids are a subset of nonulosonic acids, which are nine-carbon alpha-keto aldonic acids. Natural existing sialic acid-containing structures are presented in different sialic acid forms, various sialyl linkages, and on diverse underlying glycans. They play important roles in biological, pathological, and immunological processes. Sialobiology has been a challenging and yet attractive research area. Recent advances in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis, as well as large-scale E. coli cell-based production, have provided a large library of sialoside standards and derivatives in amounts sufficient for structure-activity relationship studies. Sialoglycan microarrays provide an efficient platform for quick identification of preferred ligands for sialic acid-binding proteins. Future research on sialic acid will continue to be at the interface of chemistry and biology. Research efforts not only will lead to a better understanding of the biological and pathological importance of sialic acids and their diversity but also could lead to the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Li Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhu C, Yang Y, Yu B. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosylation with Glycosylortho-Alkynylbenzoates as Donors: General Scope and Application in the Synthesis of a Cyclic Triterpene Saponin. Chemistry 2010; 16:1871-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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