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Wessig P, Schmidt P, Badetko D, Sperlich E, Kelling A. Total synthesis of Comfreyn A and structural analogues via two photochemical key steps. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1485-1494. [PMID: 38935211 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In this work the influence of o-fluorine substituents on the photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction was investigated and the findings of this study were applied to the total synthesis of natural products. The reactant molecules consisted of two alkyl arylpropiolates, connected by a suberic acid tether and bearing fluorine substituents in each of the o-positions. While quantum chemical calculations suggested that a fluorine substituent prevents an attack of the adjacent carbon atom in the second C-C bond forming step of the PDDA reaction, this attack took place nevertheless. The subsequent fluoride elimination, assisted by protic solvents or trialkylsilanes, resulted in an "Umpolung" of the 4-position of the cycloallene intermediate enabling the introduction of nucleophiles at this position. The nucleophilic replacement of the second fluorine substituent could also be triggered photochemically. After removal of the tether, the two arene moieties stand nearly perpendicular to each other and a selective excitation of the naphthalene moiety was possible. This led to an intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) followed by a nucleophilic replacement of the fluoride according to a SR+N1Ar* mechanism. The formed phenolic hydroxyl group underwent spontaneous lactonization with the adjacent ester group. Based on these results, the first total synthesis of the lignan Comfreyn A and some structural analogues were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dominik Badetko
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kelling
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Li Z, Zhang J, Dong D, Zhang L, Sun H, Wang Y, Sun Z, He S, Guo Z. Photodegradation for different dissociated species of norfloxacin and ofloxacin in water ice under solar irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132595. [PMID: 37741203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Ice is an important medium that regulates the transformation of organic contaminants. Nonetheless, photodegradation of emerging fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics in the ice, particularly those with varying dissociated species, remains inadequately explored. In this study, the photodegradation of norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFL) in different dissociated species in water ice were investigated. Results indicated that the quantum yield of the zwitterion for NOR in the ice was 1.7-5.0 times higher than that of the cation, and 1.3 times higher than that of the anion. The quantum yield of the zwitterion for OFL in the ice was 2.5-3.4 times higher than that of the cation, and 1.4 times higher than that of the anion. The degradation pathways of NOR and OFL with different dissociated species depended on their molecular structure. Most products possessed lower developmental toxicity than parent NOR and OFL, respectively. OFL showed a higher inhibitory rate of Escherichia coli activity at the initial time of photodegradation, which was higher than that of NOR. This study offers novel insights into the impact of dissociated species on the photodegradation of FQs in ice and contributes to understanding the environmental behavior of fluorinated pharmaceuticals in the cryosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Heyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zujian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Sinan He
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, and Health Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism of Xiamen, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Tang R, Zeng H, Feng C, Xiong S, Li L, Zhou Z, Gong D, Tang L, Deng Y. Twisty C-TiO 2 /PCN S-Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced n→π * Electronic Excitation for Promoted Piezo-Photocatalytic Effect. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207636. [PMID: 36772900 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a twisty C-TiO2 /PCN (CNT) Step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction is fabricated and applied to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP) with the assistance of ultrasonic vibration and visible light irradiation. The nitrogen-rich twisty polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) can not only induce a non-centrosymmetric structure with enhanced polarity for a better piezoelectric effect but also provide abundant lone pair electrons to promote n→π* transition during photocatalysis. Its hybridization with C-TiO2 particles can construct S-scheme heterojunction in CNT. During the piezo-photocatalysis, the strain-induced polarization electric field in the heterojunction can regulate the electron migration between the two components, resulting in a more effective CIP degradation. With the synergistic effect of ultrasonic vibration and visible light irradiation, the reaction rate constant of CIP degradation by CNT increases to 0.0517 min-1 , which is 1.86 times that of photocatalysis and 6.46 times that of ultrasound. This system exhibits a stable CIP decomposition efficiency under the interference of various environmental factors. In addition, the in-depth investigation found that three pathways and 12 major intermediates with reduced toxicity are produced after the reaction. Hopefully, the construction of this twisty CNT S-scheme heterojunction with enhanced piezo-photocatalytic effect offers inspiration for the design of environmentally functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongdi Tang
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zeng
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Chengyang Feng
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheng Xiong
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Zhanpeng Zhou
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Daoxin Gong
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yaocheng Deng
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
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Khurshid A, Ahmad I, Khan N, Usmani M, Anwar Z. Solvent effect on the photolysis of 5‐fluorouracil: A kinetic study. INT J CHEM KINET 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeela Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Baqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Baqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Nimra Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Baqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Muneeba Usmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Baqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Baqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan
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Li Z, Dong D, Zhang L, Li Y, Guo Z. Effect of fulvic acid concentration levels on the cleavage of piperazinyl and defluorination of ciprofloxacin photodegradation in ice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119499. [PMID: 35597482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ice is an important physical and chemical sink for various pollutants in cold regions. The photodegradation of emerging fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic contaminants with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in ice remains poorly understood. Here, the photodegradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and fulvic acid (FA) in different proportions as representative FQ and DOM in ice were investigated. Results suggested that the photodegradation rate constant of CIP in ice was 1.9 times higher than that in water. When CFA/CCIP ≤ 60, promotion was caused by FA sensitization. FA increased the formation rate of cleavage in the piperazine ring and defluorination products. When 60 < CFA/CCIP < 650, the effect of FA on CIP changed from promoting to inhibiting. When 650 ≤ CFA/CCIP ≤ 2600, inhibition was caused by both quenching effects of 143.9%-51.3% and light screening effects of 0%-48.7%. FA inhibited cleavage in the piperazine ring for CIP by the scavenging reaction intermediate of aniline radical cation in ice. When CFA/CCIP > 2600, the light screening effect was greater than the quenching effect. This work provides new insights into how DOM affects the FQ photodegradation with different concentration proportions, which is beneficial for understanding the environmental behaviors of fluorinated pharmaceuticals in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Current advances on the photocatalytic degradation of fluoroquinolones: photoreaction mechanism and environmental application. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:899-912. [PMID: 35416639 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of the most studied and promising techniques for degradation of contaminants of emerging concern, especially pharmaceuticals, and it represents a potential application in wastewater treatment of recalcitrant pollutants, such as fluoroquinolones, which are almost not abated by standard WWTPs. Although photodegradation partially contributes to alleviate their accumulation into the aquatic systems, heterogeneous photocatalysis assures complete sequestration and mineralization of FQs and their photoproducts and offers many advantages with respect to the other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The present brief review summarizes the most recent studies regarding the development and application of novel photocatalytic materials to the removal of FQs from contaminated waters. The collected data are arranged relating the mechanistic aspects to specific catalysts' properties, such as adsorption capacity, easy recovery, and reusability, especially under actual conditions.
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Li Z, Dong D, Zhang L, Hua X, Guo Z. Photodegradation of norfloxacin in ice: Role of the fluorine substituent. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133042. [PMID: 34822864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ice is an important medium in cold regions, because it regulates the environmental behaviors and the fate of pollutants. The photodegradation of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics as emerging contaminants of concern in ice remains poorly understood. Here, the photodegradation of fluorine-containing norfloxacin (NOR) as one model of FQs in ice formed from freezing solutions was investigated. Pipemidic acid (PPA) as a structural analogue of NOR was selected to compare the effect of molecular structure on the antibiotic photodegradation in the ice. Results suggested that the photodegradation rate constant of NOR in ice relative to pure water increased by 40.0%. Both the absorbance in the absorption spectra and quantum yields of NOR in ice over water increased by 1.4 times. Direct photodegradation mainly caused the defluorination of NOR, which was more important than cleavage and oxidation of the piperazine ring by self-sensitized photooxidation in ice. The defluorination rate of NOR in the ice relative to water increased by about 12.7%. The fluorine substituent played a more important role in the NOR photodegradation in the ice, resulting in a 1.6-fold increase in the photodegradation rate constant of NOR relative to PPA. This work provides a new insight into the role of fluorine substituents in the photodegradation of fluorinated pharmaceuticals in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Wang Y, Cacchillo EM, Niedzwiedzki DM, Taylor JS. Ability of the Putative Decomposition Products of 2,3-dioxetanes of Indoles to Photosensitize Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and its Implications for the "Dark" (Chemisensitized) Pathway to CPDs in Melanocytes †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:442-454. [PMID: 34558720 DOI: 10.1111/php.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) by a "dark" pathway in melanocytes has been attributed to chemisensitization by dioxetanes produced from peroxynitrite oxidation of melanin or melanin precursors. These dioxetanes are proposed to decompose to triplet state compounds which sensitize CPD formation by triplet-triplet energy transfer. To determine whether such compounds are capable of sensitizing CPD formation, the putative decomposition products of 2,3-dioxetanes of variously substituted indoles were synthesized and their triplet state energies determined at 77 K. Their ability to photosensitize CPD formation was determined by an enzyme-coupled gel electrophoresis assay in comparison with norfloxacin (NFX) which has the lowest triplet energy known to sensitize CPD formation. The decomposition products of 2,3-dioxetanes of 5-hydroxy and 5,6-dimethoxy indoles used as models for melanin precursors had lower triplet energies and were incapable of photosensitizing CPD formation. Theoretical calculations suggest that the decomposition products of the 2,3-dioxetanes of melanin precursors DHI and DHICA will have similarly low triplet energies. Decomposition products of the 2,3-dioxetanes of indoles lacking oxygen substituents had higher triplet energies than NFX and were capable of photosensitizing CPD formation, suggesting that peroxynitrite oxidation of tryptophan could play a hitherto unrecognized role in the dark pathway to CPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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Lu J, Ji Y, Chovelon JM, Lu J. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics sensitized photodegradation of isoproturon. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117136. [PMID: 33894578 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics are a group of contaminants of emerging environmental concern. In the present study, we demonstrated that norfloxacin (NORF) and ofloxacin (OFLO), two typical FQs, have photochemical reactivity analogous to chromophoric dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) in surface waters and can sensitize the photodegradation of isoproturon (IPU), a phenylurea herbicide. Such photochemical reactivity is ascribed to the quinolone chromophore that is excited to a triplet state (3FQ*) upon UV-A irradiation. 3FQ* further reacts with dissolved oxygen to give rise to singlet oxygen. 3FQ* steady-state concentrations of 6.72 × 10-15 and 1.27 × 10-15 M were measured in 10 μM NORF and OFLO solutions, respectively, under UV365nm irradiation. The degradation of IPU was due to the reaction with 3FQ*, with bimolecular rate constants of 6.07 × 109 and 1.51 × 1010 for 3NORF* and 3OFLO*, respectively. Intriguingly, NORF and OFLO per se were unstable and photolyzed during UV-A irradiation, but the photochemical reactivities of the solutions were not lost accordingly. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed that defluorination and piperazine moiety oxidation were the main photolysis pathways, while the core quinolone structure remained intact. Thus, the photolysis products largely inherited the photochemical reactivity of the parent compounds. Since all FQs share the same quinolone structure, similar photochemical reactivity is expected. The presence of FQs in surface water would affect the transformation and fate of coexisting compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining the environmental behavior of FQs as photosensitizers. The findings greatly advance the understandings of the influence of FQs in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuefei Ji
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Junhe Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Serna-Galvis EA, Cáceres-Peña AC, Torres-Palma RA. Elimination of representative fluoroquinolones, penicillins, and cephalosporins by solar photo-Fenton: degradation routes, primary transformations, degradation improvement by citric acid addition, and antimicrobial activity evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41381-41393. [PMID: 32683623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the degradation of seven representative antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, cefalexin, and cefadroxil) by solar photo-Fenton process. The removal of antibiotics by the individual components (i.e., light, H2O2, or Fe (II)) and the complete photochemical system (light/H2O2/Fe (II)) was initially evaluated. Then, the effect of citric acid addition to the photo-Fenton system was assessed. In the third place, the primary transformation products for two illustrative cases (ciprofloxacin and oxacillin treated by photo-Fenton) were determined. Also, photo-Fenton in the presence of citric acid was applied to remove antibiotics from a simulated hospital wastewater. It was found that the solar light component induced degradation of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin, but the rest of the considered antibiotics were not reduced by photolysis. In turn, the photo-Fenton system showed a degrading action on all the tested antibiotics. The addition of citric acid to the system significantly increased the removal of antibiotics. Initial degradation products indicated that hydroxyl radical attacked moieties of antibiotics responsible for their antimicrobial activity. Finally, the treatment of hospital wastewater evidenced the high potentiality of photo-Fenton process for degrading antibiotics in aqueous matrices containing elevated concentrations of citric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Ana Carolina Cáceres-Peña
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Ye J, Zhang JQ, Saga Y, Onozawa SY, Kobayashi S, Sato K, Fukaya N, Han LB. Ready Approach to Organophosphines from ArCl via Selective Cleavage of C–P Bonds by Sodium. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ye
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Jian-Qiu Zhang
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yuta Saga
- New Products Development Laboratory, Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Ichihara-shi, Chiba 290-8503, Japan
| | - Shun-ya Onozawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Li-Biao Han
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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Fraix A, Afonso D, Consoli GML, Sortino S. A calix[4]arene-based ternary supramolecular nanoassembly with improved fluoroquinolone photostability and enhanced NO photorelease. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2216-2224. [PMID: 30855613 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micellar-like nanoassemblies of a sulfonate amphiphilic calix[4]arene (1) are able to effectively co-entrap the fluoroquinolone antibacterial norfloxacin (2) and a hydrophobic nitric oxide (NO) photodonor (3), leading to a ternary supramolecular complex having a diameter of ca. 150 nm and a zeta potential of -48 mV. Outstanding photochemical stabilization of the otherwise photolabile fluoroquinolone 2 is observed under UVA excitation. Besides, visible light excitation leads to a remarkable enhancement of the NO photorelease efficiency of 3. Both the results can be explained on the basis of a "cage effect" of the micellar host that, in the case of 2, hinders the formation of the precursor complex responsible for the photodegradation, whereas in the case of 3 it provides a low polarity environment and easily abstractable hydrogens, which facilitate the radical-mediated mechanism involved in NO photorelease. Therefore, this supramolecular ternary nanoassembly simultaneously overcomes the main limitations of the free individual guests such as photolability and low photoreactivity. In view of the well-known antibacterial properties of the NO radical and the biocompatibility of the calixarene host, this nanoassembly represents a suitable bimodal system to be tested in antibacterial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Science, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Damien Afonso
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Science, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Grazia M L Consoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Via P. Gaifami, 18, I-95126, Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Science, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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13
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Zhou M, Zhang S, Wang L, Zhang B. Ultrafast photoinduced charge transfer character in ofloxacin singlet decay. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Niu XZ, Moore EG, Croué JP. Excited Triplet State Interactions of Fluoroquinolone Norfloxacin with Natural Organic Matter: A Laser Spectroscopy Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10426-10432. [PMID: 30137970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In sunlit waters, the fate of fluoroquinolone antibiotics is significantly impacted by photodegradation. The mechanism of how natural organic matter (NOM) participates in the reaction has been frequently studied but still remains unclear. In this work, the interactions between the excited triplet state of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic norfloxacin (3NOR*) and a variety of NOM extracts were investigated using time-resolved laser spectroscopy. The observed transient absorption spectrum of 3NOR* showed a maximum at ca. 600 nm, and global fitting gave a lifetime of 1.0 μs for 3NOR* in phosphate buffer at pH = 7.5. Quenching of 3NOR* by Suwannee River hydrophobic acids (HPO), Beaufort River HPO, and Gartempe River HPO yielded rate constants of 1.8, 2.6, and 4.5 (×107 molC-1 s-1) respectively, whereas HPO from South Platte River unexpectedly increased the lifetime of 3NOR* with an as yet unknown mechanism. Concurrent photodegradation experiments of NOR (5 μM) in the presence of these NOM were also performed using a sunlight simulator. In general, the effects of NOM on the photodegradation rate of NOR were in agreement with observations from transient absorption studies. We suggest that adsorption of NOR to NOM is one of the major factors contributing to the observed quenching. These results yield a new insight into the likely role of NOM in sunlight-induced degradation of micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhi Niu
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , Curtin University , GPO Box U1987, Perth , Western Australia 6845 , Australia
| | - Evan G Moore
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , University of Queensland , St Lucia, Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Croué
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , Curtin University , GPO Box U1987, Perth , Western Australia 6845 , Australia
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15
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Serna-Galvis EA, Ferraro F, Silva-Agredo J, Torres-Palma RA. Degradation of highly consumed fluoroquinolones, penicillins and cephalosporins in distilled water and simulated hospital wastewater by UV 254 and UV 254/persulfate processes. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 122:128-138. [PMID: 28599158 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three penicillins (ampicillin "AMP", oxacillin "OXA" and cloxacillin "CLO"), two cephalosporins (cephalexin "CPX" and cephadroxyl "CPD") and three fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin "LEV", norfloxacin "NOR" and ciprofloxacin "CIP") were initially treated by UV254 and persulfate activated by UV254 (UV/PS). Significant differences in degradation kinetics under UV254 irradiation were found. Photodegradation followed the order: OXA > CPX > CPD > CLO > CIP > NOR > AMP ≫ LEV. Then, in order to study the participation of direct photolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photodegradation a model antibiotic of each class (OXA, CPX and CIP) was considered. OXA and CPX were mainly degraded by direct photolysis, whereas the CIP removal involved ROS and photolysis. On the other hand, the persulfate addition (UV/PS process) improved the removals due to sulfate radical formation, especially, in the case of antibiotics with lower photodegradation levels (i.e. LEV, AMP and NOR). Computational calculations on the representative antibiotics were applied to determine the regions susceptible to electrophilic attacks by degrading agents. The functional groups of OXA and CPX followed the reactivity order: thioether ≫ β-lactam ring > benzene ring. For CIP, the piperazyl moiety presented higher reactivity than the quinolone ring. Also, the antimicrobial activity (AA) evolution during the treatments was tested. In the cases of CPX and CIP, both UV254 and UV/PS removed the AA; which were associated with structural changes in their reactive moieties: β-lactam ring and piperazyl ring, respectively. However, in the case of OXA only the UV/PS system decreased AA, which was attributed to transformations in its penicillin electron-rich nucleus (thioether + β-lactam). Finally, the applicability of UV254 and UV/PS was assessed using synthetic hospital wastewater (HWW). The processes comparison showed that for practical purposes, OXA and CIP in HWW should be treated by UV/PS, while CPX in HWW could be treated by both UV254 and UV/PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Franklin Ferraro
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Transversal 51A No. 67B-90, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Javier Silva-Agredo
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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16
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Salma A, Lutze HV, Schmidt TC, Tuerk J. Photolytic degradation of the β-blocker nebivolol in aqueous solution. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:211-219. [PMID: 28340419 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nebivolol (NEB) is one of the top-sold prescription drugs belonging to the third generation of beta-blockers. However, so far, occurrence data in the environment are lacking. Within this study NEB has been found for the first time in effluent samples of wastewater treatment plants in Germany with an average concentration of 13 ng L-1. Its photodegradation behavior in the environment and in technical processes is largely unknown. To fill this gap, three different UV treatment procedures (UV-C at 254 nm, UV-B at 312 nm and UV-A at 365 nm) were investigated in three different matrices: pure water, pure water in presence of the hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenger tert.-butanol and real wastewater. No elimination was observed during UV-A treatment. In contrast, NEB degradation during UV-B and UV-C treatment followed pseudo first order reaction kinetics, with highest removal rate during UV-C treatment in pure water (k = 7.8 × 10-4 s-1). The rate constant for UV-C irradiation decreased to 2.9 × 10-4 s-1 in the presence of the OH scavenger and in the presence of the wastewater matrix. The rate constant for the UV-B lamp was 4.4 × 10-4 s-1, Three transformation products were identified after UV-B and UV-C photolytic degradation using high resolution mass spectrometry. The main photoreaction is the substitution of the fluorine atoms of NEB by hydroxyl groups. A photolytic cleavage of the CF bond can be excluded as the high bond dissociation energy of aromatic CF bonds (525 kJ mol-1), exceeds the energy of electromagnetic radiation applied in the present study (≥254 nm, i.e., max. 471 kJ E-1). The quantum yields for NEB degradation for the UV-C lamp achieved in pure water, the OH scavenged system and wastewater matrix were Φdeg = 0.53, 0.19 and 0.22, respectively. For UV-B Φdeg was 0.023 ± 0.003, noticeable differences in quantum yield were not found. The photooxidation involves reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and singlet oxygen. These oxidative species may be formed upon reaction of photo-excited NEB with oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Salma
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, D-47229, Duisburg, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstr. 26, D-45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstr. 26, D-45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, D-47229, Duisburg, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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17
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Su T, Li MD, Ma J, Phillips DL. Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Study of the Defluorination and Cyclization Reactions of Lomefloxacin in Water. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4512-4520. [PMID: 28332403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the defluorination reaction(s) of lomefloxacin (LF) upon light illumination was investigated by using ultrafast laser flash photolysis combined with transient resonance Raman spectroscopy in near neutral water solution. The zwitterionic configuration of LF was determined to be the main species present in the near neutral water solution and was the species that was photoexcited to initiate the photochemical reaction. Femtosecond transient absorption revealed that the first excited singlet state (S1) of LF did not appreciably undergo intersystem crossing (ISC), and instead partially decayed to the ground state via fluorescence emission, and there was partial cleavage of the carbon-fluorine bond at position 8 to produce a singlet LF aryl cation intermediate. The transient resonance Raman results provided a direct observation and vibrational spectral characterization of the singlet LF aryl cation species. Subsequently, the transformation from the singlet LF aryl cation to a triplet carbene via an ISC process was seen in nanosecond transient absorption spectra. Finally, the triplet carbene experienced a cyclization reaction with the N-ethyl chain to form a tricyclic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 2019 Jia Luo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University , Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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18
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Hricovíni M, Dvoranová D, Barbieriková Z, Jantová S, Bella M, Šoral M, Brezová V. 6-Nitroquinolones in dimethylsulfoxide: Spectroscopic characterization and photoactivation of molecular oxygen. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Salma A, Thoröe-Boveleth S, Schmidt TC, Tuerk J. Dependence of transformation product formation on pH during photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 313:49-59. [PMID: 27054664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with five pH dependent species in aqueous medium, which makes its degradation behavior difficult to predict. For the identification of transformation products and prediction of degradation mechanisms, a new experimental concept making use of isotopically labeled compounds together with high resolution mass spectrometry was successfully established. The utilization of deuterated ciprofloxacin (CIP-d8) facilitated the prediction of three different degradation pathways and the corresponding degradation products, four of which were identified for the first time. Moreover, two molecular structures of previously reported transformation products were revised according to the mass spectra and product ion spectra of the deuterated transformation products. Altogether, 18 transformation products have been identified during the photolytic and photocatalytic reactions at different pH values (3, 5, 7 and 9). In this work the influence of pH on both reaction kinetics and degradation mechanism was investigated for direct ultraviolet photolysis (UV-C irradiation) and photocatalysis (TiO2/UV-C). It could be shown that the removal rates strongly depended on pH with highest removal rates at pH 9. A comparison with those at pH 3 clearly indicated that under acidic conditions ciprofloxacin cannot be easily excited by UV irradiation. We could confirm that the first reaction step for both oxidative treatment processes is mainly defluorination, followed by degradation at the piperazine ring of CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Salma
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Straße 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sven Thoröe-Boveleth
- University Hospital Aachen, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Straße 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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20
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Zhao J, Liu Y, Jiang X, Guo P, Xu Y, Zhang P, Ji T, Lin Z, Wang W. Effect of C-5 position on the photochemical properties and phototoxicity of antofloxacin and levofloxacin: A stable and transient study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 155:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Su T, Li MD, Ma J, Wong N, Phillips DL. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Study of the Early Events of Norfloxacin in Aqueous Solutions with Varying pH Values. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13458-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506711f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, P. R. China 201800
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Naikei Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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22
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Structure–activity relationship and role of oxygen in the potential antitumour activity of fluoroquinolones in human epithelial cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 140:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Soldevila S, Cuquerella MC, Bosca F. Understanding of the Photoallergic Properties of Fluoroquinolones: Photoreactivity of Lomefloxacin with Amino Acids and Albumin. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:514-23. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400377s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Soldevila
- Instituto
Universitario Mixto
de Tecnologia Quimica (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Consuelo Cuquerella
- Instituto
Universitario Mixto
de Tecnologia Quimica (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosca
- Instituto
Universitario Mixto
de Tecnologia Quimica (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Soldevila S, Consuelo Cuquerella M, Lhiaubet-Vallet V, Edge R, Bosca F. Seeking the mechanism responsible for fluoroquinolone photomutagenicity: a pulse radiolysis, steady-state, and laser flash photolysis study. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:417-25. [PMID: 24316197 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism responsible for the remarkable photomutagenicity of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics remains unknown. For this reason, it was considered worthwhile to study in detail the interactions between DNA and a dihalogenated FQ such as lomefloxacin (LFX; one of the most photomutagenic FQs) and its N-acetyl derivative ALFX. Studies of photosensitized DNA damage by (A)LFX, such as formation of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), together with pulse radiolysis, laser flash photolysis, and absorption and fluorescence measurements, have shown the important effects of the cationic character of the piperazinyl ring on the affinity of this type of drug for DNA. Hence, the formation of SSBs was detected for LFX, whereas ALFX and ciprofloxacin (a monofluorated FQ) needed a considerably larger dose of light to produce some damage. In this context, it was determined that the association constant (Ka) for the binding of LFX to DNA is ca. 2×10(3)M(-1), whereas in the case of ALFX it is only ca. 0.5×10(3)M(-1). This important difference is attributed to an association between the cationic peripheral ring of LFX and the phosphate moieties of DNA and justifies the DNA SSB results. The analysis of the transient species detected and the photomixtures has allowed us to establish the intermolecular processes involved in the photolysis of FQ in the presence of DNA and 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo). Interestingly, although a covalent binding of the dihalogenated FQ to dGuo occurs, the photodegradation of FQ…DNA complexes did not reveal any significant covalent attachment. Another remarkable outcome of this study was that (A)LFX radical anions, intermediates required for the onset of DNA damage, were detected by pulse radiolysis but not by laser flash photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Soldevila
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnologia Quimica (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Consuelo Cuquerella
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnologia Quimica (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnologia Quimica (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruth Edge
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility, The University of Manchester, Cumbria CA24 3HA, UK
| | - Francisco Bosca
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnologia Quimica (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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26
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Pretali L, Dondi D, D’Angelantonio M, Manet I, Fasani E, Monti S, Bovio B, Albini A. A Fluorine 1,2-Migration via Aryl Cation/Radical/Radical Anion/Radical Sequence. Org Lett 2013; 15:3926-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401670p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pretali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, and Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, and Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mila D’Angelantonio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, and Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilse Manet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, and Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Fasani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, and Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Monti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, and Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruna Bovio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, and Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Albini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy, and Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Wammer KH, Korte AR, Lundeen RA, Sundberg JE, McNeill K, Arnold WA. Direct photochemistry of three fluoroquinolone antibacterials: norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:439-448. [PMID: 23141476 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibacterial compounds are frequently detected in the aquatic environment, and photodegradation is expected to play an important role in FQ fate in some sunlit surface waters. This study investigated the direct aquatic photochemistry of three FQs: norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. The direct photolysis rate of each drug exhibited strong pH dependence when exposed to simulated sunlight. For each FQ, direct photolysis rates and total light absorbance were used to calculate quantum yields for each of three environmentally relevant protonation states: a cationic, a zwitterionic, and an anionic form. In each case, quantum yields of the species varied significantly. The quantum yield for the zwitterionic form was 2-3 times higher than that of the anionic form and over an order of magnitude higher than that of the cationic form. Antibacterial activity assays were used to determine whether the loss of parent FQ due to photolysis led to loss of activity. Norfloxacin and ofloxacin photoproducts were found to be inactive, whereas enrofloxacin photoproducts were found to retain significant activity. These results are important for aiding in predictions of the potential impacts of FQs in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine H Wammer
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA.
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Li H, Tang R, Cui RR, Wang W. Photochemical properties and phototoxicity of Pazufloxacin: a stable and transient study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 118:58-65. [PMID: 23218540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical properties and phototoxicity of Pazufloxacin (PAX) were systematically investigated in aqueous solutions using UV-Vis, fluorescence, laser flash photolysis, pulse radiolysis and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis techniques. PAX triplet-state ((3)PAX(*)) absorption spectra (λ(max)=570 nm) was determined. (3)PAX(*) was quenched by PAX and O(2), with rate constants of 6.9×10(8) and 3.2×10(8) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1), respectively. The pK(a) values (5.7 and 8.6) for the protonation equilibrium were determined by UV-Vis and fluorescence techniques. The PAX triplet energy (E(T)=260.3 kJ/mol) was obtained using energy transfer method. The reaction of electron transfer from tryptophan (TrpH) and dGMP to (3)PAX(*) was found with rate constants of 8.8×10(7) and 8.7×10(6) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1), respectively. The rate constants for reactions of ()OH, SO(4)(-) and hydrated electron with PAX were found to be 5.8×10(8), 2.1×10(9) and 9×10(9)d m(3) mol(-1) s(-1), respectively. Based on the results obtained, a rational scheme for dGMP, TrpH and lysozyme photodamage induced by PAX was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
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29
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Niu H, Meng Z, Cai Y. Fast defluorination and removal of norfloxacin by alginate/Fe@Fe3O4 core/shell structured nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 227-228:195-203. [PMID: 22658830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alginate-Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) polymer coated Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)@ALG/Fe MNPs) with core/shell structure are prepared and used as heterogeneous Fenton nanocatalyst to degrade norfloxacin (NOF). The Fenton-like process based on Fe(3)O(4)@ALG/Fe shows much higher efficiency on NOF degradation. Compared with Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle-H(2)O(2) system, NOF degradation in Fe(3)O(4)@AlG/Fe-H(2)O(2) system can be conducted in a wide pH range (pH 3.5-6.5) and independent on temperature. With 0.98 mM H(2)O(2) and 0.4 g L(-1) Fe(3)O(4)@ALG/Fe, 100% of NOF and 90% of TOC is removed within 60 min, and the fluorine element in NOF molecule changes into F(-) ions within 1 min, indicating that NOF degradation in this Fenton-like reaction is performed through direct defluorination pathway. XPS analysis shows that TOC removal in reaction solution mainly results from the adsorption of NOF degradation intermediates on catalyst. Due to the paramagneticity and high saturation magnetization of Fe(3)O(4)@ALG/Fe, the used catalyst with adsorbed NOF intermediate is collected from aqueous solution by applying an external magnetic field, leading to complete removal of NOF from water samples. As being composed of inorganic materials and biopolymer, Fe(3)O(4)@ALG/Fe MNPs are robust, thermo-stable, nontoxic and environmentally friendly. These attractive features endow Fe(3)O(4)@ALG/Fe as a potent Fenton-like catalyst for fluoroquinolones degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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30
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Soldevila S, Bosca F. Photoreactivity of Fluoroquinolones: Nature of Aryl Cations Generated in Water. Org Lett 2012; 14:3940-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301694p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Soldevila
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (CSIC/UPV), Avd. Los Naranjos s/n, 46022-Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosca
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (CSIC/UPV), Avd. Los Naranjos s/n, 46022-Valencia, Spain
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Cuquerella MC, Andreu I, Soldevila S, Bosca F. Triplet Excimers of Fluoroquinolones in Aqueous Media. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5030-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp301800q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Consuelo Cuquerella
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (CSIC/UPV), Avd. Los
Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (CSIC/UPV), Avd. Los
Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Soldevila
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (CSIC/UPV), Avd. Los
Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosca
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (CSIC/UPV), Avd. Los
Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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33
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Li H, Wang W. Ciprofloxacin photosensitized oxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate in neutral aqueous solution. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:639-44. [PMID: 22321009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Laser flash photolysis studies have been carried out to investigate the reactions of ciprofloxacin (CPX) with 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate (dGMP), N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and ferulic acid (FCA) in neutral aqueous solutions, respectively. CPX triplet state ((3)CPX*) can be quenched by TMPD, FCA and dGMP, with rate constants of 1.8 × 10(9), 1.5 × 10(9) and 5.8 × 10(7) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1), respectively. TMPD radical cation (TMPD(·+)) and FCA radical cation (FCA(·+)) were observed directly. The formation rate of CPX radical anion (CPX(·-)) was determined to be 1.5 × 10(9) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1). Redox reaction of dGMP was investigated through competing reactions using TMPD and FCA as probe. The triplet energy of CPX was determined to be 262 kJ mol(-1). Electron transfer from TMPD, FCA and dGMP to (3)CPX* was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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34
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Sturini M, Speltini A, Maraschi F, Profumo A, Pretali L, Fasani E, Albini A. Sunlight-induced degradation of soil-adsorbed veterinary antimicrobials Marbofloxacin and Enrofloxacin. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:130-7. [PMID: 22051342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Marbofloxacin (MAR) and Enrofloxacin (ENR), two largely employed veterinary Fluoroquinolones (FQs), were found to be present at the micrograms per kilogram level in agricultural soils of South Lombardy (Italy) several months after manuring. Distribution coefficients (K(d)) from sorption experiments indicated a strong binding to the soil. Soil samples fortified with environmentally significant FQs amounts (0.5 mg kg(-1)) were exposed to solar light that promoted extensive degradation (80%) of both drugs in 60-150 h. Thus, photochemistry could be considered a significant depollution path in the soil, although it was two orders of magnitudes slower than in aqueous solution and a fraction of the drug (ca. 20%) remained unaffected. For MAR the photoprocess was the same as in solution, and involved cleavage of the tetrahydrooxadiazine ring. On the contrary, with ENR only some of the photoproducts determined in water (those arising from a stepwise oxidation of the piperazine side chain) were observed. Substitution of the 6-fluoro by a hydroxyl group and reduction did not occur in the soil, supporting the previous contention that such processes required polar solvation of FQs. Consistently with this rationalization, the irradiation of thin layers of solid drugs led to essentially the same products distribution as in the soil. From the environmental point of view it is important to notice that photodegradation mainly affects the side-chains, while the fluoroquinolone ring, to which the biological effect is associated, is conserved up to the later stages of the degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sturini
- Department of Chemistry, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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35
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de Guidi G, Bracchitta G, Catalfo A. Photosensitization Reactions of Fluoroquinolones and Their Biological Consequences. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1214-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Merli D, Pretali L, Fasani E, Albini A, Profumo A. Analytical Determination and Electrochemical Characterization of the Oxazolidinone Antibiotic Linezolid. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Modification of norfloxacin by a Microbacterium sp. strain isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6100-8. [PMID: 21724893 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00545-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial residues found in municipal wastewater may increase selective pressure on microorganisms for development of resistance, but studies with mixed microbial cultures derived from wastewater have suggested that some bacteria are able to inactivate fluoroquinolones. Medium containing N-phenylpiperazine and inoculated with wastewater was used to enrich fluoroquinolone-modifying bacteria. One bacterial strain isolated from an enrichment culture was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a Microbacterium sp. similar to a plant growth-promoting bacterium, Microbacterium azadirachtae (99.70%), and a nematode pathogen, "M. nematophilum" (99.02%). During growth in medium with norfloxacin, this strain produced four metabolites, which were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses as 8-hydroxynorfloxacin, 6-defluoro-6-hydroxynorfloxacin, desethylene norfloxacin, and N-acetylnorfloxacin. The production of the first three metabolites was enhanced by ascorbic acid and nitrate, but it was inhibited by phosphate, amino acids, mannitol, formate, and thiourea. In contrast, N-acetylnorfloxacin was most abundant in cultures supplemented with amino acids. This is the first report of defluorination and hydroxylation of a fluoroquinolone by an isolated bacterial strain. The results suggest that some bacteria may degrade fluoroquinolones in wastewater to metabolites with less antibacterial activity that could be subject to further degradation by other microorganisms.
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38
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Zhang P, Li H, Liu Y, Yao S, Wang W. Photochemical Properties and Reactions with Biomolecules of 4'-N-Acetyl Derivative of Norfloxacin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2011.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The photochemical properties of 4'-N-acetyl derivative of norfloxacin (ANFX) were investigated in different solutions. Both UV-Vis absorption and the quantum yields of excited states are pH-dependent, and pK
a value of ground state for the protonation of 3-carboxylic group was determined to be 6.5 ± 0.2. Pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis experiments were carried out to characterize transient species of ANFX and to investigate reactions with tryptophan (TrpH) and 2'-seoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphoric acid disodium salt (dGMP). The ANFX undergoes the photoejection of electron by a mixed mechanism of one-photon and two-photon processes. Under moderate laser energy conditions, two-photon process is predominantly. The ANFX radical dianion (ANFX(–H)·2−) formed in reaction with eaq
− is characterized by the absorption around 370 nm, and the rate constant was determined to be 1.2 × 1010 dm3 mol−1 s−1. The 3ANFX(–H)−∗ is able to oxidize TrpH and dGMP with bimolecular rate constants of 5.4 × 108 and 9.5 × 106 dm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. The ANFX(–H)·2− and the oxidized radicals of TrpH and dGMP were observed directly. Under aerobic conditions, the photo-oxidations involve both type I and type II mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, Volksrepublik China
| | - Haixia Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, Volksrepublik China
| | - Yancheng Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, Volksrepublik China
| | - Side Yao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, Volksrepublik China
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39
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40
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Polishchuk AV, Karaseva ET, Emelina TB, Cramariuc O, Karasev VE. Spectral-Luminescent Properties and Molecular Orbital Treatment of Some Mono- and Difluoroquinolones. J Fluoresc 2011; 21:1293-300. [PMID: 21229296 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Suzuki I, Takahashi M, Takeda K. Synthesis of Fluoroquinolone-di- and tri-(N-methylpyrrole) Conjugates. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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43
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Zhang P, Song X, Li H, Yao S, Wang W. Transient species of several fluoroquinolones and their reactions with amino acids. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Sturini M, Speltini A, Maraschi F, Profumo A, Pretali L, Fasani E, Albini A. Photochemical degradation of marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin in natural waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:4564-4569. [PMID: 20481547 DOI: 10.1021/es100278n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical fate of Marbofloxacin (MAR) and Enrofloxacin (ENR), two Fluoroquinolones (FQs) largely used as veterinary bactericides known to be present in surface waters, was investigated in aqueous solution. The degradation of these pollutants (5-50 microg L(-1) starting concentration) was complete in about 1 h by exposure to solar light (summer) and obeyed a first-order kinetics. The structure of the primary photoproducts was determined. Those from ENR arose through three paths, namely, oxidative degradation of the piperazine side-chain, reductive defluorination, and fluorine solvolysis. More heavily degraded products that had been previously reported were rationalized as secondary photoproducts from the present ones. As for MAR, this underwent homolytic cleavage of the tetrahydrooxadiazine moiety to give two quinolinols. All of the primary products were themselves degraded in about 1 h. The photoreactions rates were scarcely affected by Ca(2+) (200 mg L(-1)), Mg(2+) (30 mg L(-1)), Cl(-) (30 mg L(-1)), and humic acid (1 mg L(-1)), but increased in the presence of phosphate (20 mg L(-1)). The fastest degradation of ENR occurred at pH about 8 where the zwitterionic form was present, while in the case of MAR the cationic form was the most reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sturini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Universita di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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45
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Koker EB, Bilski PJ, Motten AG, Zhao B, Chignell CF, He YY. Real-time visualization of photochemically induced fluorescence of 8-halogenated quinolones: lomefloxacin, clinafloxacin and Bay3118 in live human HaCaT keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:792-7. [PMID: 20492567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Halogenoquinolones are potent and widely used antimicrobials blocking microbial DNA synthesis. However, they induce adverse photoresponses through the absorption of UV light, including phototoxicity and photocarcinogenicity. The phototoxic responses may be the result of photosensitization of singlet oxygen, production of free radicals and/or other reactive species resulting from photodehalogenation. Here, we report the use of laser scanning confocal microscopy to detect and to follow the fluorescence changes of one monohalogenated and three di-halogenated quinolones in live human epidermal keratinocyte cells during in situ irradiation by confocal laser in real time. Fluorescence image analysis and co-staining with the LysoTracker probe showed that lysosomes are a preferential site of drug localization and phototransformations. As the lysosomal environment is relatively acidic, we also determined how low pH may affect the dehalogenation and concomitant fluorescence. With continued UV irradiation, fluorescence increased in the photoproducts from BAY y3118 and clinafloxacin, whereas it decreased for lomefloxacin and moxifloxacin. Our images not only help to localize these phototoxic agents in the cell, but also provide means for dynamic monitoring of their phototransformations in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond B Koker
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, USA
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46
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Rimarčík J, Lukeš V, Klein E, Kelterer AM, Milata V, Vrecková Z, Brezová V. Photoinduced processes of 3-substituted 6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline derivatives: A theoretical and spectroscopic study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Musa KAK, Eriksson LA. Theoretical Assessment of Norfloxacin Redox and Photochemistry. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10803-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904671s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klefah A. K. Musa
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Leif A. Eriksson
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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48
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Vasconcelos TG, Henriques DM, König A, Martins AF, Kümmerer K. Photo-degradation of the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin at high pH: identification and biodegradability assessment of the primary by-products. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:487-93. [PMID: 19375777 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photo-treatment for the removal of pharmaceuticals in effluents is a topic currently under discussion. In some countries effluents from hospitals are directly emitted into open ditches without any further treatment and with very little dilution. Under such circumstances photo-degradation in the environment can occur. However, photo-degradation does not necessarily end up with the complete mineralization of a chemical. Therefore, photo-product biodegradability and toxicity against environmental bacteria is of interest. Hospital effluents have often a pH around 9. Therefore, photo-oxidation (150W medium-pressure Hg-lamp, batch reactor) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was studied at pH 9. The primary elimination of CIP was monitored and structures of photo-products were assessed by liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Five compounds were identified as probable products of photo-defluorination, -decarboxylation and loss of the piperazine moiety. These photo-products were not biodegradable in the Closed Bottle test - OECD 301D. They did not affect Vibrio fisheri in the applied concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibiriçá G Vasconcelos
- Department of Chemistry of the Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
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49
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Lorenzo F, Navaratnam S, Edge R, Allen NS. Primary Photoprocesses in a Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Sarafloxacin. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:886-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Fasani E, Tilocca F, Albini A. Photochemistry of Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Drugs. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:879-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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