1
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Chee SW, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R, Roldán Cuenya B. Operando Electron Microscopy of Catalysts: The Missing Cornerstone in Heterogeneous Catalysis Research? Chem Rev 2023; 123:13374-13418. [PMID: 37967448 PMCID: PMC10722467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis in thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase chemical conversion plays an important role in our modern energy landscape. However, many of the structural features that drive efficient chemical energy conversion are still unknown. These features are, in general, highly distinct on the local scale and lack translational symmetry, and thus, they are difficult to capture without the required spatial and temporal resolution. Correlating these structures to their function will, conversely, allow us to disentangle irrelevant and relevant features, explore the entanglement of different local structures, and provide us with the necessary understanding to tailor novel catalyst systems with improved productivity. This critical review provides a summary of the still immature field of operando electron microscopy for thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase reactions. It focuses on the complexity of investigating catalytic reactions and catalysts, progress in the field, and analysis. The forthcoming advances are discussed in view of correlative techniques, artificial intelligence in analysis, and novel reactor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Chee
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldán Cuenya
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Rüther F, Machado R, Gioria E, Kunz SL, Wittich K, Löser P, Geske M, Schunk SA, Glaum R, Rosowski F. Niobium Insertion into α II-VOPO 4: Tuning the Catalytic Properties for Selective Oxidation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Rüther
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rhea Machado
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esteban Gioria
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia L. Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Geske
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Schunk
- hte GmbH, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Glaum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- BASF SE, Catalysis Research, 67063 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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3
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Lian X, Gao J, Ding Y, Liu Y, Chen W. Unraveling Catalytic Reaction Mechanism by In Situ Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8264-8277. [PMID: 36036437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Probing surface chemistry during reactions closer to realistic conditions is crucial for the understanding of mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysis. Near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is one of the state-of-the-art surface-sensitive techniques used to characterize catalyst surfaces in gas phases. This Perspective begins with a brief overview of the development of the NAP-XPS technique and its representative applications in identifying the active sites at a molecular level. Next, recent in situ NAP-XPS investigations of several model catalysts in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction are mainly discussed. Finally, we highlight the major challenges facing NAP-XPS and future improvements to facilities for probing intermediates with higher resolutions under real ambient pressure reactions in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lian
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jiajia Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yishui Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, PR China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
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4
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Bartley JK, Dimitratos N, Edwards JK, Kiely CJ, Taylor SH. A Career in Catalysis: Graham J. Hutchings. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K. Bartley
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Nikolaos Dimitratos
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer K. Edwards
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Kiely
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Stuart H. Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
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5
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Schnadt J, Knudsen J, Johansson N. Present and new frontiers in materials research by ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:413003. [PMID: 32438360 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab9565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this topical review we catagorise all ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy publications that have appeared between the 1970s and the end of 2018 according to their scientific field. We find that catalysis, surface science and materials science are predominant, while, for example, electrocatalysis and thin film growth are emerging. All catalysis publications that we could identify are cited, and selected case stories with increasing complexity in terms of surface structure or chemical reaction are discussed. For thin film growth we discuss recent examples from chemical vapour deposition and atomic layer deposition. Finally, we also discuss current frontiers of ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy research, indicating some directions of future development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schnadt
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Knudsen
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Beaumont SK. Soft XAS as an in situ technique for the study of heterogeneous catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18747-18756. [PMID: 32319477 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00657b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soft X-ray absorption in situ studies of heterogeneous catalysts have been applied to areas such as copper methanol oxidation catalysts and cobalt Fischer-Tropsch type catalysts over a period of around two decades. The technique has the potential to offer several advantages for studying heterogeneous catalysts against hard X-ray XAS in: the systems that can be studied (includes elements such as C, N, O), the potential for surface sensitivity (crucial for catalysts, where reactions occur at surfaces) and the information content of the resulting spectra. Nevertheless, it is technically challenging and the necessary hardware has only been developed and evolved in a few specific groups worldwide. This perspective will introduce the technique in the context of other competing spectroscopies, summarise the development of hardware and the challenges that have been overcome in experimental terms, along with the outcome and impact on different fields within catalysis. Additionally, anticipated future trends and directions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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7
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Tsubaki S, Matsuzawa T, Suzuki E, Fujii S, Wada Y. Operando Raman Spectroscopy of the Microwave-Enhanced Catalytic Dehydration of 2-Propanol by WO 3. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Tsubaki
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1 E4-3, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuzawa
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1 E4-3, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Eiichi Suzuki
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1 E4-3, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1 E4-3, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, Okinawa National College of Technology, 905 Henoko, Nago-shi 905-2192, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Wada
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1 E4-3, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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8
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Li X, Teschner D, Streibel V, Lunkenbein T, Masliuk L, Fu T, Wang Y, Jones T, Seitz F, Girgsdies F, Rosowski F, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. How to control selectivity in alkane oxidation? Chem Sci 2019; 10:2429-2443. [PMID: 30881671 PMCID: PMC6385647 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-defined particle morphology of crystalline MnWO4 catalysts investigated in the present study facilitates obtaining insight into the origin of selectivity limitations in alkane oxidation. Hydrothermal synthesis at variable pH values granted access to a series of phase-pure MnWO4 catalysts with particles ranging from cube-like (aspect ratio 1.5) to rod- or needle-like (aspect ratio 6.8) shapes. Kinetic studies reveal a strong dependence of the propane consumption rate on the particle shape. The true origin of the structure sensitivity was unraveled by comprehensive bulk and surface analysis using nitrogen adsorption, XRD, SEM, ADF-STEM, STEM-EELS, XPS, multi-laser excitation Raman and DRIFT/operando FTIR spectroscopies, temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), in situ NEXAFS, and DFT calculations. The active phase is composed of a thin manganese oxy-hydroxide layer formed on the surface of crystalline MnWO4. The differences in catalytic performance within the series clearly illustrate that the structural motif as the most popular descriptor in oxidation catalysis is not essential, since all MnWO4 catalysts in the series under study exhibit the same bulk crystal structure and bulk chemical composition and are phase pure and homogenous. The variable particle shape serves as a proxy that reflects the formation of varying abundance of redox active Mn2+/Mn3+ surface sites, which correlates with catalytic activity. Operando FTIR spectroscopy directly confirms the formation of Mn-OH surface species by abstraction of hydrogen atoms from the propane molecule on nucleophilic oxygen atoms and suggests that active site regeneration occurs via oxidative dehydrogenation of Mn-OH species indicating a single-site nature of the active sites that does not allow four-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Instead, intermediates are created that cause side reactions and lower the selectivity. The findings highlight fundamental design criteria that may be applied to advance the development of new alkane oxidation catalysts with improved selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
- UniCat-BASF Joint Lab , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. EW K 01, Hardenbergstraße 36 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Detre Teschner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstraße 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , Germany
| | - Verena Streibel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
| | - Liudmyla Masliuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
| | - Teng Fu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
| | - Yuanqing Wang
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
- UniCat-BASF Joint Lab , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. EW K 01, Hardenbergstraße 36 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Travis Jones
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
| | - Friedrich Seitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
| | - Frank Rosowski
- UniCat-BASF Joint Lab , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. EW K 01, Hardenbergstraße 36 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
- BASF SE , Process Research and Chemical Engineering , Heterogeneous Catalysis , Carl-Bosch-Straße 38 , 67056 Ludwigshafen , Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstraße 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457
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9
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Masliuk L, Swoboda M, Algara-Siller G, Schlögl R, Lunkenbein T. A quasi in situ TEM grid reactor for decoupling catalytic gas phase reactions and analysis. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 195:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Li X, Ko J, Zhang Y. Highly Efficient Gas-Phase Oxidation of Renewable Furfural to Maleic Anhydride over Plate Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:612-618. [PMID: 29243400 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Maleic anhydride (MAnh) and its acids are critical intermediates in chemical industry. The synthesis of maleic anhydride from renewable furfural is one of the most sought after processes in the field of sustainable chemistry. In this study, a plate vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalyst synthesized by a hydrothermal method with glucose as a green reducing agent catalyzes furfural oxidation to MAnh in the gas phase. The plate catalyst-denoted as VPOHT -has a preferentially exposed (200) crystal plane and exhibited dramatically enhanced activity, selectivity and stability as compared to conventional VPO catalysts and other state-of-the-art catalytic systems. At 360 °C reaction temperature with air as an oxidant, about 90 % yield of MAnh was obtained at 10 vol % of furfural in the feed, a furfural concentration value that is much higher than those (<2 vol %) reported for other catalytic systems. The catalyst showed good long-term stability and there was no decrease in activity or selectivity for MAnh during the time-on-stream of 25 h. The high efficiency and catalyst stability indicate the great potential of this system for the synthesis of maleic anhydride from renewable furfural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiukai Li
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Jogie Ko
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Yugen Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
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11
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Gouget G, Debecker DP, Kim A, Olivieri G, Gallet JJ, Bournel F, Thomas C, Ersen O, Moldovan S, Sanchez C, Carenco S, Portehault D. In Situ Solid–Gas Reactivity of Nanoscaled Metal Borides from Molten Salt Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9225-9234. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gouget
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damien P. Debecker
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids & Reactivity, Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ara Kim
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids & Reactivity, Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Olivieri
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Gallet
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Matiére et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Fabrice Bournel
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Matiére et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Cyril Thomas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 Rue Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Simona Moldovan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Matiére et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Clément Sanchez
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sophie Carenco
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - David Portehault
- Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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13
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Li X, Lunkenbein T, Pfeifer V, Jastak M, Nielsen PK, Girgsdies F, Knop-Gericke A, Rosowski F, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. Selektive Alkanoxidation an Manganoxid: isolierte, kettenförmige MnO
x
-Zentren an der Oberfläche von MnWO4
-Nanostäbchen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- BasCat - UniCat BASF Joint Lab; Technische Universität Berlin, Sekretariat EW K 01; Hardenbergstraße 36 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Verena Pfeifer
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Mateusz Jastak
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Pia Kjaer Nielsen
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BasCat - UniCat BASF Joint Lab; Technische Universität Berlin, Sekretariat EW K 01; Hardenbergstraße 36 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- BASF SE; Process Research and Chemical Engineering, Heterogeneous Catalysis; Carl-Bosch-Straße 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Deutschland
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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14
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Li X, Lunkenbein T, Pfeifer V, Jastak M, Nielsen PK, Girgsdies F, Knop-Gericke A, Rosowski F, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. Selective Alkane Oxidation by Manganese Oxide: Site Isolation of MnO
x
Chains at the Surface of MnWO4
Nanorods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4092-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- BasCat-UniCat BASF Joint Lab; Technische Universität Berlin, Sekretariat EW K 01; Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Verena Pfeifer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Mateusz Jastak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Pia Kjaer Nielsen
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BasCat-UniCat BASF Joint Lab; Technische Universität Berlin, Sekretariat EW K 01; Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
- BASF SE; Process Research and Chemical Engineering, Heterogeneous Catalysis; Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
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15
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16
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Carenco S, Wu CH, Shavorskiy A, Alayoglu S, Somorjai GA, Bluhm H, Salmeron M. Synthesis and Structural Evolution of Nickel-Cobalt Nanoparticles Under H2 and CO2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3045-3053. [PMID: 25727527 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticle (NP) catalysts are interesting for the development of selective catalysts in reactions such as the reduction of CO2 by H2 to form hydrocarbons. Here the synthesis of Ni-Co NPs is studied, and the morphological and structural changes resulting from their activation (via oxidation/reduction cycles), and from their operation under reaction conditions, are presented. Using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, it is found that the initial core-shell structure evolves to form a surface alloy due to nickel migration from the core. Interestingly, the core consists of a Ni-rich single crystal and a void with sharp interfaces. Residual phosphorous species, coming from the ligands used for synthesis, are found initially concentrated in the NP core, which later diffuse to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carenco
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Cheng-Hao Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Andrey Shavorskiy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Selim Alayoglu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gabor A Somorjai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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18
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Abstract
A heterogeneous catalyst is a functional material that continually creates active sites with its reactants under reaction conditions. These sites change the rates of chemical reactions of the reactants localized on them without changing the thermodynamic equilibrium between the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Germany) http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de http://www.cec.mpg.de; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr (Germany).
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19
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Eichelbaum M, Hävecker M, Heine C, Wernbacher AM, Rosowski F, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. Der elektronische Faktor in der Alkanoxidationskatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Eichelbaum M, Hävecker M, Heine C, Wernbacher AM, Rosowski F, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. The Electronic Factor in Alkane Oxidation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2922-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Martínez-Prieto LM, Carenco S, Wu CH, Bonnefille E, Axnanda S, Liu Z, Fazzini PF, Philippot K, Salmeron M, Chaudret B. Organometallic Ruthenium Nanoparticles as Model Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5010536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Martínez-Prieto
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, LCC, 205, Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université
de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Carenco
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8176, United States
| | - Cheng H. Wu
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric Bonnefille
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, LCC, 205, Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université
de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Stephanus Axnanda
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhi Liu
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pier F. Fazzini
- LPCNO, Laboratoire de
Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, UMR5215 INSA-CNRS-UPS, Institut
des Sciences appliquées, 135,
Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Philippot
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, LCC, 205, Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université
de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- LPCNO, Laboratoire de
Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, UMR5215 INSA-CNRS-UPS, Institut
des Sciences appliquées, 135,
Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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22
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Eichelbaum M, Glaum R, Hävecker M, Wittich K, Heine C, Schwarz H, Dobner CK, Welker-Nieuwoudt C, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. Towards Physical Descriptors of Active and Selective Catalysts for the Oxidation ofn-Butane to Maleic Anhydride. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Amakawa K, Kolen’ko YV, Villa A, Schuster ME, Csepei LI, Weinberg G, Wrabetz S, Naumann d’Alnoncourt R, Girgsdies F, Prati L, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. Multifunctionality of Crystalline MoV(TeNb) M1 Oxide Catalysts in Selective Oxidation of Propane and Benzyl Alcohol. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400010q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Amakawa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Yury V. Kolen’ko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Alberto Villa
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Venezian
21, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Manfred E/ Schuster
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Lénárd-István Csepei
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Gisela Weinberg
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Sabine Wrabetz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Raoul Naumann d’Alnoncourt
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Laura Prati
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Venezian
21, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
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24
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Starr DE, Liu Z, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Bluhm H. Investigation of solid/vapor interfaces using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5833-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60057b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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25
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Eichelbaum M, Hävecker M, Heine C, Karpov A, Dobner CK, Rosowski F, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. Über den Zusammenhang zwischen elektronischer Volumenleitfähigkeit und Selektivität in der katalytischen Oxidation von n-Butan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Eichelbaum M, Hävecker M, Heine C, Karpov A, Dobner CK, Rosowski F, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. The Intimate Relationship between Bulk Electronic Conductivity and Selectivity in the Catalytic Oxidation of n-Butane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6246-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Brown MA, Seidel R, Thürmer S, Faubel M, Hemminger JC, van Bokhoven JA, Winter B, Sterrer M. Electronic structure of sub-10 nm colloidal silica nanoparticles measured by in situ photoelectron spectroscopy at the aqueous-solid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:12720-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Chemistry with its key targets of providing materials and processes for conversion of matter is at the center stage of the energy challenge. Most energy conversion systems work on (bio)chemical energy carriers and require for their use suitable process and material solutions. The enormous scale of their application demands optimization beyond the incremental improvement of empirical discoveries. Knowledge-based systematic approaches are mandatory to arrive at scalable and sustainable solutions. Chemistry for energy, "ENERCHEM" contributes in many ways already today to the use of fossil energy carriers. Optimization of these processes exemplified by catalysis for fuels and chemicals production or by solid-state lightning can contribute in the near future substantially to the dual challenge of energy use and climate protection being in fact two sides of the same challenge. The paper focuses on the even greater role that ENERCHEM will have to play in the era of renewable energy systems where the storage of solar energy in chemical carries and batteries is a key requirement. A multidisciplinary and diversified approach is suggested to arrive at a stable and sustainable system of energy conversion processes. The timescales for transformation of the present energy scenario will be decades and the resources will be of global economic dimensions. ENERCHEM will have to provide the reliable basis for such technologies based on deep functional understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Cavani F, Luciani S, Esposti ED, Cortelli C, Leanza R. Surface Dynamics of A Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalyst forn-Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride: An In Situ Raman and Reactivity Study of the Effect of the P/V Atomic Ratio. Chemistry 2010; 16:1646-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Rownaghi AA, Taufiq-Yap YH. Novel Synthesis Techniques for Preparation of Ultrahigh-Crystalline Vanadyl Pyrophosphate as a Highly Selective Catalyst for n-Butane Oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie902011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Rownaghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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32
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33
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Knop‐Gericke A, Kleimenov E, Hävecker M, Blume R, Teschner D, Zafeiratos S, Schlögl R, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kaichev VV, Prosvirin IP, Nizovskii AI, Bluhm H, Barinov A, Dudin P, Kiskinova M. Chapter 4 X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Investigation of Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(08)00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Cavani F, Teles JH. Sustainability in catalytic oxidation: an alternative approach or a structural evolution? CHEMSUSCHEM 2009; 2:508-534. [PMID: 19536755 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This Review documents some examples of recent innovations in the field of catalytic selective oxidation from an industrial point of view. The use of alkanes as building blocks for the synthesis of bulk chemicals and intermediates is discussed, along with the main properties that catalysts should possess in order to efficiently catalyse the selective oxidation of these hydrocarbons. The currently developed processes for propene oxide and new processes under investigation for the synthesis of adipic acid are also described, highlighting innovative aspects for a better sustainability of the chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Cavani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale e dei Materiali, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Italy.
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35
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Sum Frequency Generation and Polarization–Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy of Functioning Model Catalysts from Ultrahigh Vacuum to Ambient Pressure. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(06)51004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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Brückner A. Spin–spin exchange in vanadium-containing catalysts studied by in situ-EPR: a sensitive monitor for disorder-related activity. Top Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-006-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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VPO catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride: A goal achieved, or a still open challenge? Top Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-006-0080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Ueda W, Vitry D, Kato T, Watanabe N, Endo Y. Key aspects of crystalline Mo-V-O-based catalysts active in the selective oxidation of propane. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2006. [DOI: 10.1163/156856706777346435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a tool for in-situ study of the mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Top Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-005-9254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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