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Asher M, Bardini M, Catalano L, Jouclas R, Schweicher G, Liu J, Korobko R, Cohen A, Geerts Y, Beljonne D, Yaffe O. Mechanistic View on the Order-Disorder Phase Transition in Amphidynamic Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1570-1577. [PMID: 36748229 PMCID: PMC9940296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We combine temperature-dependent low-frequency Raman measurements and first-principles calculations to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the order-disorder phase transition of 2,7-di-tert-butylbenzo[b]benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene (ditBu-BTBT) and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) semiconducting amphidynamic crystals. We identify the lattice normal modes associated with the phase transition by following the position and width of the Raman peaks with temperature and identifying peaks that exhibit nonlinear dependence toward the phase transition temperature. Our findings are interpreted according to the "hardcore mode" model previously used to describe order-disorder phase transitions in inorganic and hybrid crystals with a Brownian sublattice. Within the framework of this model, ditBu-BTBT exhibits an ideal behavior where only one lattice mode is associated with the phase transition. TIPS-pentacene deviates strongly from the model due to strong interactions between lattice modes. We discuss the origin of the different behaviors and suggest side-chain engineering as a tool to control polymorphism in amphidynamic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Asher
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Marco Bardini
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Luca Catalano
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères, Université
Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères, Université
Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères, Université
Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères, Université
Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roman Korobko
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Adi Cohen
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Yves Geerts
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères, Université
Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050Brussels, Belgium
- International
Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
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2
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Suzuki T, De Nicola A, Okada T, Matsui H. Fully Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a TIPS-Pentacene:Polystyrene Mixed Film Obtained via the Solution Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:312. [PMID: 36678065 PMCID: PMC9860611 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors using small-molecule semiconductor materials such as 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-P) have been recently studied for the production of flexible and printed electronic devices. Blending a semiconductor with an insulating polymer, such as polystyrene, is known to improve the device performance; however, its molecular-level structure remains unknown. In this study, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a mixed system of TIPS-P and atactic polystyrene (aPS) with fully atomistic models to understand the structure of the mixed thin film at the molecular level and the influence on the device properties. To reproduce the deposition from the solution, we gradually reduced the number of toluene molecules in the simulation. The dynamic characteristics of the system, mean squared displacement, diffusion coefficient, density profile, and P2 order parameter were analyzed. Some of the simulated systems reached the equilibrium state. In these systems, the simulated structures suggested the presence of more TIPS-P molecules on the surface than inside the bulk, even at the low molecular weight of aPS, where phase separation was not observed experimentally. The results of the fully atomistic MD simulations are also a basis for the coarse-grained model to increase the speed of the MD simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Suzuki
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Antonio De Nicola
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tomoharu Okada
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
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3
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Peng Z, Ye L, Ade H. Understanding, quantifying, and controlling the molecular ordering of semiconducting polymers: from novices to experts and amorphous to perfect crystals. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:577-606. [PMID: 34878458 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00837k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular packing and texture of semiconducting polymers are often critical to the performance of devices using these materials. Although frameworks exist to quantify the ordering, interpretations are often just qualitative, resulting in imprecise use of terminology. Here, we reemphasize the significance of quantifying molecular ordering in terms of degree of crystallinity (volume fractions that are ordered) and quality of ordering and their relation to the size scale of an ordered region. We are motivated in part by our own imprecise and inconsistent use of terminology in the past, as well as the need to have a primer or tutorial reference to teach new group members. We strive to develop and use consistent terminology with regards to crystallinity, semicrystallinity, paracrystallinity, and related characteristics. To account for vastly different quality of ordering along different directions, we classify paracrystals into 2D and 3D paracrystals and use paracrystallite to describe the spatial extent of molecular ordering in 1-10 nm. We show that a deeper understanding of molecular ordering can be achieved by combining grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry, even though not all aspects of these measurements are consistent, and some classification appears to be method dependent. We classify a broad range of representative polymers under common processing conditions into five categories based on the quantitative analysis of the paracrystalline disorder parameter (g) and thermal transitions. A small database is presented for 13 representative conjugated and insulating polymers ranging from amorphous to semi-paracrystalline. Finally, we outline the challenges to rationally design more perfect polymer crystals and propose a new molecular design approach that envisions conceptual molecular grafting that is akin to strained and unstrained hetero-epitaxy in classic (compound) semiconductors thin film growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
| | - Long Ye
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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4
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Asare‐Yeboah K, Bi S, He Z. Poly(butyl acrylate) polymer enhanced phase segregation and morphology of organic semiconductor for
solution‐processed
thin film transistors. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Sun
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York City New York USA
| | - Kyeiwaa Asare‐Yeboah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Penn State Behrend Erie Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sheng Bi
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Zhengran He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA
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5
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Hudson RJ, de la Perrelle JM, Pensack RD, Kudisch B, Scholes GD, Huang DM, Kee TW. Organizing Crystalline Functionalized Pentacene Using Periodicity of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol). J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:516-523. [PMID: 31884794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of acenes exhibit highly efficient intermolecular singlet fission (SF). Recent reports indicate that altering the morphology of 6,13-bis-(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pn) nanoparticles has a profound influence on their SF dynamics. Here, we show that poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) induces a phase transition in preformed TIPS-Pn nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are amorphous when initially formed but crystalline after addition of PVA. Surface characterization indicates that a diffuse PVA layer surrounds the nanoparticles. We propose that a periodic interaction between the hydroxyl groups of PVA and TIPS groups of TIPS-Pn on the nanoparticle surface induces a large-scale structural rearrangement to yield crystalline TIPS-Pn. Such reorganization in preformed organic nanoparticles is unprecedented, and we believe that this is the first report of such an effect induced by polymer adsorption. Transient absorption spectroscopic results reveal that SF within these nanoparticles is accelerated by an order of magnitude upon structural rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J Hudson
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Jessica M de la Perrelle
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - David M Huang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Tak W Kee
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
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6
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Ji X, Zhou P, Zhong L, Xu A, Tsang ACO, Chan PKL. Smart Surgical Catheter for C-Reactive Protein Sensing Based on an Imperceptible Organic Transistor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1701053. [PMID: 29938182 PMCID: PMC6010781 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201701053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs)-based sensors have a great potential to be integrated with the next generation smart surgical tools for monitoring different real-time signals during surgery. However, allowing ultraflexible OFETs to have compatibility with standard medical sterilization procedures remains challenging. A novel capsule-like OFET structure is demonstrated by utilizing the fluoropolymer CYTOP to serve both encapsulation and peeling-off enhancement purposes. By adapting a thermally stable organic semiconductor, 2,10-diphenylbis[1]benzothieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']naphtho[2,3-b;6,7-b']dithiophene (DPh-BBTNDT), these devices show excellent stability in their electrical performance after sterilizing under boiling water and 100 °C-saturated steam for 30 min. The ultrathin thickness (630 nm) enables the device to have superb mechanical flexibility with smallest bending radius down to 1.5 µm, which is essential for application on the highly tortuous medical catheter inside the human body. By immobilizing anti-human C-reactive protein (CRP) (an inflammation biomarker) monoclonal antibody on an extended gate of the OFET, a sensitivity for detecting CRP antigen down to 1 µg mL-1 can be achieved. An ecofriendly water floatation method realized by employing the wettability difference between CYTOP and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can be used to transfer the device on a ventricular catheter, which successfully distinguishes an inflammatory patient from a healthy one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ji
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Ling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- China Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | | | - Paddy K. L. Chan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
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7
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Riera-Galindo S, Tamayo A, Mas-Torrent M. Role of Polymorphism and Thin-Film Morphology in Organic Semiconductors Processed by Solution Shearing. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2329-2339. [PMID: 29503976 PMCID: PMC5830697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are promising materials for cost-effective production of electronic devices because they can be processed from solution employing high-throughput techniques. However, small-molecule OSCs are prone to structural modifications because of the presence of weak van der Waals intermolecular interactions. Hence, controlling the crystallization in these materials is pivotal to achieve high device reproducibility. In this perspective article, we focus on controlling polymorphism and morphology in small-molecule organic semiconducting thin films deposited by solution-shearing techniques compatible with roll-to-roll systems. Special attention is paid to the influence that the different experimental deposition parameters can have on thin films. Further, the main characterization techniques for thin-film structures are reviewed, highlighting the in situ characterization tools that can provide crucial insights into the crystallization mechanisms.
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8
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Rotator side chains trigger cooperative transition for shape and function memory effect in organic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:278. [PMID: 29348430 PMCID: PMC5773606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Martensitic transition is a solid-state phase transition involving cooperative movement of atoms, mostly studied in metallurgy. The main characteristics are low transition barrier, ultrafast kinetics, and structural reversibility. They are rarely observed in molecular crystals, and hence the origin and mechanism are largely unexplored. Here we report the discovery of martensitic transition in single crystals of two different organic semiconductors. In situ microscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular simulations combined indicate that the rotating bulky side chains trigger cooperative transition. Cooperativity enables shape memory effect in single crystals and function memory effect in thin film transistors. We establish a molecular design rule to trigger martensitic transition in organic semiconductors, showing promise for designing next-generation smart multifunctional materials. Martensitic transition is commonly seen in steel and shape memory alloys but rarely in organic materials. Chung et al. discover martensitic transitions in organic electronics and utilize it in designing field-effect transistors, leading to shape memory effect that in return modifies charge transport properties.
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9
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Yang F, Wang X, Fan H, Tang Y, Yang J, Yu J. Effect of In Situ Annealing Treatment on the Mobility and Morphology of TIPS-Pentacene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:503. [PMID: 28836186 PMCID: PMC6890873 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a bottom gate top contact structure were fabricated by using a spray-coating method, and the influence of in situ annealing treatment on the OFET performance was investigated. Compared to the conventional post-annealing method, the field-effect mobility of OFET with 60 °C in situ annealing treatment was enhanced nearly four times from 0.056 to 0.191 cm2/Vs. The surface morphologies and the crystallization of TIPS-pentacene films were characterized by optical microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffraction. We found that the increased mobility was mainly attributed to the improved crystallization and highly ordered TIPS-pentacene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices Zhongshan Branch Office, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan, 528402 China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huidong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices Zhongshan Branch Office, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan, 528402 China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Crossover from band-like to thermally activated charge transport in organic transistors due to strain-induced traps. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6739-E6748. [PMID: 28739934 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705164114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the charge-carrier mobility provides essential insight into the charge transport mechanisms in organic semiconductors. Such knowledge imparts critical understanding of the electrical properties of these materials, leading to better design of high-performance materials for consumer applications. Here, we present experimental results that suggest that the inhomogeneous strain induced in organic semiconductor layers by the mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the consecutive device layers of field-effect transistors generates trapping states that localize charge carriers. We observe a universal scaling between the activation energy of the transistors and the interfacial thermal expansion mismatch, in which band-like transport is observed for similar CTEs, and activated transport otherwise. Our results provide evidence that a high-quality semiconductor layer is necessary, but not sufficient, to obtain efficient charge-carrier transport in devices, and underline the importance of holistic device design to achieve the intrinsic performance limits of a given organic semiconductor. We go on to show that insertion of an ultrathin CTE buffer layer mitigates this problem and can help achieve band-like transport on a wide range of substrate platforms.
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11
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Wang W, Wang L, Dai G, Deng W, Zhang X, Jie J, Zhang X. Controlled Growth of Large-Area Aligned Single-Crystalline Organic Nanoribbon Arrays for Transistors and Light-Emitting Diodes Driving. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2017; 9:52. [PMID: 30393747 PMCID: PMC6199044 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-017-0153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on organic micro-/nanocrystals have been widely reported with charge carrier mobility exceeding 1.0 cm2 V-1 s-1, demonstrating great potential for high-performance, low-cost organic electronic applications. However, fabrication of large-area organic micro-/nanocrystal arrays with consistent crystal growth direction has posed a significant technical challenge. Here, we describe a solution-processed dip-coating technique to grow large-area, aligned 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl) anthracene (BPEA) and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) single-crystalline nanoribbon arrays. The method is scalable to a 5 × 10 cm2 wafer substrate, with around 60% of the wafer surface covered by aligned crystals. The quality of crystals can be easily controlled by tuning the dip-coating speed. Furthermore, OFETs based on well-aligned BPEA and TIPS-PEN single-crystalline nanoribbons were constructed. By optimizing channel lengths and using appropriate metallic electrodes, the BPEA and TIPS-PEN-based OFETs showed hole mobility exceeding 2.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average mobility 1.2 cm2 V-1 s-1) and 3.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average mobility 2.0 cm2 V-1 s-1), respectively. They both have a high on/off ratio (I on/I off) > 109. The performance can well satisfy the requirements for light-emitting diodes driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaole Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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12
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Tuning the role of charge-transfer states in intramolecular singlet exciton fission through side-group engineering. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13622. [PMID: 27924819 PMCID: PMC5150654 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of singlet exciton fission, in which a singlet exciton separates into a pair of triplet excitons, is crucial to the development of new chromophores for efficient fission-sensitized solar cells. The challenge of controlling molecular packing and energy levels in the solid state precludes clear determination of the singlet fission pathway. Here, we circumvent this difficulty by utilizing covalent dimers of pentacene with two types of side groups. We report rapid and efficient intramolecular singlet fission in both molecules, in one case via a virtual charge-transfer state and in the other via a distinct charge-transfer intermediate. The singlet fission pathway is governed by the energy gap between singlet and charge-transfer states, which change dynamically with molecular geometry but are primarily set by the side group. These results clearly establish the role of charge-transfer states in singlet fission and highlight the importance of solubilizing groups to optimize excited-state photophysics.
The understanding of how a singlet exciton separates into triplet states in organic semiconductors is crucial to the design of efficient organic solar cells. Here, Lukman et al. identify the role played by charge-transfer states during triplet formation through side-group engineering of pentacenes.
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13
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Mitsui C, Annaka T, Nakamura KI, Mitani M, Hashizume D, Nakahara K, Yamagishi M, Ueno T, Tanaka Y, Yano M, Iwasawa D, Hasegawa M, Sato H, Yamano A, Takeya J, Okamoto T. Alkylated oxygen-bridged V-shaped molecules: impacts of the substitution position and length of the alkyl chains on the crystal structures and fundamental properties in aggregated forms. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Li Y, Wan J, Smilgies DM, Bouffard N, Sun R, Headrick RL. Nucleation and strain-stabilization during organic semiconductor thin film deposition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32620. [PMID: 27600905 PMCID: PMC5013491 DOI: 10.1038/srep32620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleation mechanisms during solution deposition of organic semiconductor thin films determine the grain morphology and may influence the crystalline packing in some cases. Here, in-situ optical spectromicroscopy in reflection mode is used to study the growth mechanisms and thermal stability of 6,13-bis(trisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene thin films. The results show that the films form in a supersaturated state before transforming to a solid film. Molecular aggregates corresponding to subcritical nuclei in the crystallization process are inferred from optical spectroscopy measurements of the supersaturated region. Strain-free solid films exhibit a temperature-dependent blue shift of optical absorption peaks due to a continuous thermally driven change of the crystalline packing. As crystalline films are cooled to ambient temperature they become strained although cracking of thicker films is observed, which allows the strain to partially relax. Below a critical thickness, cracking is not observed and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements confirm that the thinnest films are constrained to the lattice constants corresponding to the temperature at which they were deposited. Optical spectroscopy results show that the transition temperature between Form I (room temperature phase) and Form II (high temperature phase) depends on the film thickness, and that Form I can also be strain-stabilized up to 135 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 005, USA
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 005, USA
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - Nicole Bouffard
- Microscopy Imaging Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405, USA
| | - Richard Sun
- Angstrom Sun Technologies Inc. 31 Nagog Park, Acton MA 01720, USA
| | - Randall L Headrick
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 005, USA
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15
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Park B, Bae IG, Kwon OE, Jeon HG. Organic thin-film transistors fabricated using a slot-die-coating process and related sensing applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18545b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein present the results of a study involving the fabrication of semiconductor thin films for organic thin-film transistors composed of a small molecular TIPS-PEN composite blended with a polymer binder of PaMS, i.e., TIPS-PEN:PaMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungchoo Park
- Department of Electrophysics
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- Korea
| | - In-Gon Bae
- Department of Electrophysics
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- Korea
| | - O. Eun Kwon
- Department of Electrophysics
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- Korea
| | - Hong Goo Jeon
- Department of Electrophysics
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- Korea
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16
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Mitsui C, Tanaka Y, Tanaka S, Yamagishi M, Nakahara K, Yano M, Sato H, Yamano A, Matsui H, Takeya J, Okamoto T. High performance oxygen-bridged N-shaped semiconductors with a stabilized crystal phase and blue luminescence. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00922k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe an oxygen-bridged N-shaped π-electron core, dinaphtho[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran (DNBDF), as a new entity of organic semiconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikahiko Mitsui
- Department of Advanced Materials Science
- School of Frontier Sciences
- The Univ. of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Materials and Bioengineering
- Kansai Univ
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Materials and Bioengineering
- Kansai Univ
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science
- School of Frontier Sciences
- The Univ. of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Katsumasa Nakahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Materials and Bioengineering
- Kansai Univ
- Suita
- Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Department of Advanced Materials Science
- School of Frontier Sciences
- The Univ. of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Department of Advanced Materials Science
- School of Frontier Sciences
- The Univ. of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science
- School of Frontier Sciences
- The Univ. of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
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17
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Diao Y, Lenn KM, Lee WY, Blood-Forsythe MA, Xu J, Mao Y, Kim Y, Reinspach JA, Park S, Aspuru-Guzik A, Xue G, Clancy P, Bao Z, Mannsfeld SCB. Understanding Polymorphism in Organic Semiconductor Thin Films through Nanoconfinement. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17046-57. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507179d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Diao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kristina M. Lenn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wen-Ya Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Martin A. Blood-Forsythe
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, The State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, The
National Laboratory of Nanjing Microstructure Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Yisha Mao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yeongin Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julia A. Reinspach
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Steve Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gi Xue
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, The State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, The
National Laboratory of Nanjing Microstructure Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld
- Center for
Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Ryno SM, Risko C, Brédas JL. Impact of Molecular Packing on Electronic Polarization in Organic Crystals: The Case of Pentacene vs TIPS-Pentacene. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6421-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501725s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Ryno
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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19
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Chen J, Shao M, Xiao K, Rondinone AJ, Loo YL, Kent PRC, Sumpter BG, Li D, Keum JK, Diemer PJ, Anthony JE, Jurchescu OD, Huang J. Solvent-type-dependent polymorphism and charge transport in a long fused-ring organic semiconductor. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:449-456. [PMID: 24217182 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04341j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline polymorphism of organic semiconductors is among the critical factors in determining the structure and properties of the resultant organic electronic devices. Herein we report for the first time a solvent-type-dependent polymorphism of a long fused-ring organic semiconductor and its crucial effects on charge transport. A new polymorph of 5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (TES ADT) is obtained using solvent-assisted crystallization, and the crystalline polymorphism of TES ADT thin films is correlated with their measured hole mobilities. The best-performing organic thin film transistors of the two TES ADT polymorphs show subthreshold slopes close to 1 V dec(-1), and threshold voltages close to zero, indicating that the density of traps at the semiconductor-dielectric interface is negligible in these devices and the observed up to 10-fold differences in hole mobilities of devices fabricated with different solvents are largely resultant from the presence of two TES ADT polymorphs. Moreover, our results suggest that the best-performing TES ADT devices reported in the literature correspond to the new polymorph identified in this study, which involves crystallization from a weakly polar solvent (such as toluene and chloroform).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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20
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Chang J, Chi C, Zhang J, Wu J. Controlled growth of large-area high-performance small-molecule organic single-crystalline transistors by slot-die coating using a mixed solvent system. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6442-7. [PMID: 23982968 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A slot-die coating technique is used for the crystal alignment of triisopropylsilylethynyl (TIPS)-pentacene in solution-processed field-effect transistors (FETs). The film thickness, uniformity, and crystal growth behavior are well controlled by tuning the coating parameters and by using a mixed solvent system (toluene/anisole). An average saturation regime FET mobility of 1.8 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) is achieved under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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21
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Okamoto T, Mitsui C, Yamagishi M, Nakahara K, Soeda J, Hirose Y, Miwa K, Sato H, Yamano A, Matsushita T, Uemura T, Takeya J. V-shaped organic semiconductors with solution processability, high mobility, and high thermal durability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6392-6397. [PMID: 23983002 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
V-shaped organic semiconductors have been designed and synthesized via a large-scale applicable synthetic route. Solution-crystallized films based on such molecules have demonstrated high-performance transistor properties with maximum mobilities of up to 9.5 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) as well as pronounced thermal durability of up to 150 °C inherent in the V-shaped cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Okamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047, Japan Department of Advanced Materials Science School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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22
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Bae I, Hwang SK, Kim RH, Kang SJ, Park C. Wafer-scale arrays of nonvolatile polymer memories with microprinted semiconducting small molecule/polymer blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:10696-10704. [PMID: 24070419 DOI: 10.1021/am402852y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonvolatile ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors (Fe-FETs) memories with solution-processed ferroelectric polymers are of great interest because of their potential for use in low-cost flexible devices. In particular, the development of a process for patterning high-performance semiconducting channel layers with mechanical flexibility is essential not only for proper cell-to-cell isolation but also for arrays of flexible nonvolatile memories. We demonstrate a robust route for printing large-scale micropatterns of solution-processed semiconducting small molecules/insulating polymer blends for high performance arrays of nonvolatile ferroelectric polymer memory. The nonvolatile memory devices are based on top-gate/bottom-contact Fe-FET with ferroelectric polymer insulator and micropatterned semiconducting blend channels. Printed micropatterns of a thin blended semiconducting film were achieved by our selective contact evaporation printing, with which semiconducting small molecules in contact with a micropatterned elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold were preferentially evaporated and absorbed into the PDMS mold while insulating polymer remained intact. Well-defined micrometer-scale patterns with various shapes and dimensions were readily developed over a very large area on a 4 in. wafer, allowing for fabrication of large-scale printed arrays of Fe-FETs with highly uniform device performance. We statistically analyzed the memory properties of Fe-FETs, including ON/OFF ratio, operation voltage, retention, and endurance, as a function of the micropattern dimensions of the semiconducting films. Furthermore, roll-up memory arrays were produced by successfully detaching large-area Fe-FETs printed on a flexible substrate with a transient adhesive layer from a hard substrate and subsequently transferring them to a nonplanar surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insung Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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23
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James DT, Frost JM, Wade J, Nelson J, Kim JS. Controlling microstructure of pentacene derivatives by solution processing: impact of structural anisotropy on optoelectronic properties. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7983-7991. [PMID: 23919253 DOI: 10.1021/nn403073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The consideration of anisotropic structural properties and their impact on optoelectronic properties in small-molecule thin films is vital to understand the performance of devices incorporating crystalline organic semiconductors. Here we report on the important relationship between structural and optoelectronic anisotropy in aligned, functionalized-pentacene thin films fabricated using the solution-based zone-casting technique. The microstructure of thin films composed of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) and 6,13-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TES-pentacene) is systematically controlled by varying the casting speed. By controlling the structural alignment, we were able to experimentally decouple, for the first time in these films, an intramolecular absorption transition dipole (at ∼440 nm) oriented close to the pentacene short axis and an intermolecular absorption transition dipole (at ∼695 nm) oriented predominantly along the conjugated pentacene-pentacene core stacking axis (crystallographic a-axis) in both films. Using the intermolecular absorption as a signature for intermolecular delocalization, much higher optical dichroism was obtained in TES-pentacene (16 ± 6) than TIPS-pentacene (3.2 ± 0.1), which was attributed to the 1D packing structure of TES-pentacene compared to the 2D packing structure of TIPS-pentacene. This result was also supported by field-effect mobility anisotropy measurements of the films, with TES-pentacene exhibiting a higher anisotropy (∼21-47, depending on the casting speed) than TIPS-pentacene (∼3-10).
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Affiliation(s)
- David T James
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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24
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Diao Y, Tee BCK, Giri G, Xu J, Kim DH, Becerril HA, Stoltenberg RM, Lee TH, Xue G, Mannsfeld SCB, Bao Z. Solution coating of large-area organic semiconductor thin films with aligned single-crystalline domains. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:665-71. [PMID: 23727951 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Solution coating of organic semiconductors offers great potential for achieving low-cost manufacturing of large-area and flexible electronics. However, the rapid coating speed needed for industrial-scale production poses challenges to the control of thin-film morphology. Here, we report an approach--termed fluid-enhanced crystal engineering (FLUENCE)--that allows for a high degree of morphological control of solution-printed thin films. We designed a micropillar-patterned printing blade to induce recirculation in the ink for enhancing crystal growth, and engineered the curvature of the ink meniscus to control crystal nucleation. Using FLUENCE, we demonstrate the fast coating and patterning of millimetre-wide, centimetre-long, highly aligned single-crystalline organic semiconductor thin films. In particular, we fabricated thin films of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene having non-equilibrium single-crystalline domains and an unprecedented average and maximum mobilities of 8.1±1.2 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and 11 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). FLUENCE of organic semiconductors with non-equilibrium single-crystalline domains may find use in the fabrication of high-performance, large-area printed electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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25
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Mei J, Diao Y, Appleton AL, Fang L, Bao Z. Integrated Materials Design of Organic Semiconductors for Field-Effect Transistors. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6724-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400881n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1165] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anthony L. Appleton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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26
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Lee JB, Kim KH, Hong CS, Choi DH. High‐performance amorphous donor–acceptor conjugated polymers containing x‐shaped anthracene‐based monomer and 2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(
2H,5H
)‐dione for organic thin‐film transistors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 5 Anam‐dong, Sungbuk‐gu, Seoul 136‐701, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 5 Anam‐dong, Sungbuk‐gu, Seoul 136‐701, South Korea
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 5 Anam‐dong, Sungbuk‐gu, Seoul 136‐701, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 5 Anam‐dong, Sungbuk‐gu, Seoul 136‐701, South Korea
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27
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Choi D, Ahn B, Kim SH, Hong K, Ree M, Park CE. High-performance triisopropylsilylethynyl pentacene transistors via spin coating with a crystallization-assisting layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:117-22. [PMID: 21961535 DOI: 10.1021/am201074n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of spin speed and an amorphous fluoropolymer (CYTOP)-patterned substrate on the crystalline structures and device performance of triisopropylsilylethynyl pentacene (TIPS-PEN) organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were investigated. The crystallinity of the TIPS-PEN film was enhanced by decreasing the spin speed, because slow evaporation of the solvent provided a sufficient time for the formation of thermodynamically stable crystalline structures. In addition, the adoption of a CYTOP-patterned substrate induced the three-dimensional (3D) growth of the TIPS-PEN crystals, because the patterned substrate confined the TIPS-PEN molecules and allowed sufficient time for the self-organization of TIPS-PEN. TIPS-PEN OFETs fabricated at a spin speed of 300 rpm with a CYTOP-patterned substrate showed a field-effect mobility of 0.131 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is a remarkable improvement over previous spin-coated TIPS-PEN OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Choi
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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28
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Giri G, Verploegen E, Mannsfeld SCB, Atahan-Evrenk S, Kim DH, Lee SY, Becerril HA, Aspuru-Guzik A, Toney MF, Bao Z. Tuning charge transport in solution-sheared organic semiconductors using lattice strain. Nature 2011; 480:504-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 881] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Bae I, Kang SJ, Shin YJ, Park YJ, Kim RH, Mathevet F, Park C. Tailored single crystals of triisopropylsilylethynyl pentacene by selective contact evaporation printing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3398-3402. [PMID: 21681983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Insung Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Mannsfeld SCB, Tang ML, Bao Z. Thin film structure of triisopropylsilylethynyl-functionalized pentacene and tetraceno[2,3-b]thiophene from grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:127-131. [PMID: 21104808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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31
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Dash BP, Satapathy R, Gaillard ER, Maguire JA, Hosmane NS. Synthesis and properties of carborane-appended C(3)-symmetrical extended pi systems. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6578-87. [PMID: 20397701 DOI: 10.1021/ja101845m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of C(3)-symmetric pi-conjugated compounds containing three to six o-carborane clusters have been synthesized by employing palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions and palladium-catalyzed acetylation reactions, followed by silicon tetrachloride mediated trimerization reactions. Carborane-containing extended trimers were found to emit blue light. Incorporation of o-carborane clusters into extended pi-conjugated systems led to 22-70% enhancement of their relative fluorescence quantum yields. Decapitation of o-carborane clusters made these extended trimers water soluble, and their aqueous solutions were also found to be fluorescent, but with a reduced fluorescence intensity. The carborane-appended pi-conjugated compounds are found to be extremely thermally stable, and for some of these compounds only 10% mass loss occurred at temperatures close to 500 degrees C. The DSC thermograms of smaller C(cage)-appended trimers indicate the occurrence of solid-solid phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barada Prasanna Dash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2862, USA
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32
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Zhang X, Jiang X, Luo J, Chi C, Chen H, Wu J. A Cruciform 6,6â²-Dipentacenyl: Synthesis, Solid-State Packing and Applications in Thin-Film Transistors. Chemistry 2010; 16:464-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Hong JP, Lee S. Solution-Based Direct Growth of Organic Crystals on an Active Channel Region for Printable Bottom-Contact Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3096-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Hong JP, Lee S. Solution-Based Direct Growth of Organic Crystals on an Active Channel Region for Printable Bottom-Contact Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Jaquith MJ, Anthony JE, Marohn JA. Long-lived charge traps in functionalized pentacene and anthradithiophene studied by time-resolved electric force microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b902880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Madec MB, Crouch D, Llorente GR, Whittle TJ, Geoghegan M, Yeates SG. Organic field effect transistors from ambient solution processed low molar mass semiconductor–insulator blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b802801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Chen J, Subramanian S, Parkin SR, Siegler M, Gallup K, Haughn C, Martin DC, Anthony JE. The influence of side chains on the structures and properties of functionalized pentacenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b717082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Chen J, Tee CK, Yang J, Shaw C, Shtein M, Anthony J, Martin DC. Thermal and mechanical cracking in bis(triisopropylsilylethnyl) pentacene thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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