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Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Rezaee R, Riahi-Zanjani B, Karimi G. Alleviation of microcystin-leucine arginine -induced hepatotoxicity: An updated overview. Toxicon 2024; 243:107715. [PMID: 38636613 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Contamination of surface waters is a major health threat for all living creatures. Some types of blue-green algae that naturally occur in fresh water, are able to produce various toxins, like Microcystins (MCs). Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) produced by Microcystis aeruginosa is the most toxic and abundant isoforms of MCs, and it causes hepatotoxicity. The present article reviews preclinical experiments examined different treatments, including herbal derivatives, dietary supplements and drugs against MC-LR hepatotoxicity. METHODS We searched scientific databases Web of Science, Embase, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords to find suitable studies until November 2023. RESULTS MC-LR through Organic anion transporting polypeptide superfamily transporters (OATPs) penetrates and accumulates in hepatocytes, and it inhibits protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A). Consequently, MC-LR disturbs many signaling pathways and induces oxidative stress thus damages cellular macromolecules. Some protective agents, especially plants rich in flavonoids, and natural supplements, as well as chemoprotectants were shown to diminish MC-LR hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The reviewed agents through blocking the OATP transporters (nontoxic nostocyclopeptide-M1, captopril, and naringin), then inhibition of MC-LR uptake (naringin, rifampin, cyclosporin-A, silymarin and captopril), and finally at restoration of PPAse activity (silybin, quercetin, morin, naringin, rifampin, captopril, azo dyes) exert hepatoprotective effect against MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Bio Environmental Health Hazard Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran; Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Romanucci V, Pagano R, Kandhari K, Zarrelli A, Petrone M, Agarwal C, Agarwal R, Di Fabio G. 7- O-tyrosyl Silybin Derivatives as a Novel Set of Anti-Prostate Cancer Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:418. [PMID: 38671866 PMCID: PMC11047488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silybin is a natural compound extensively studied for its hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer properties. Envisioning the enhancement of silybin potential by suitable modifications in its chemical structure, here, a series of new 7-O-alkyl silybins derivatives were synthesized by the Mitsunobu reaction starting from the silybins and tyrosol-based phenols, such as tyrosol (TYR, 3), 3-methoxytyrosol (MTYR, 4), and 3-hydroxytyrosol (HTYR, 5). This research sought to explore the antioxidant and anticancer properties of eighteen new derivatives and their mechanisms. In particular, the antioxidant properties of new derivatives outlined by the DPPH assay showed a very pronounced activity depending on the tyrosyl moiety (HTYR > MTYR >> TYR). A significant contribution of the HTYR moiety was observed for silybins and 2,3-dehydro-silybin-based derivatives. According to the very potent antioxidant activity, 2,3-dehydro-silybin derivatives 15ab, 15a, and 15b exerted the most potent anticancer activity in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis for cell cycle and apoptosis revealed that 15ab, 15a, and 15b induce strong G1 phase arrest and increase late apoptotic population in PC-3 cells. Additionally, Western blotting for apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 confirmed apoptosis induction by these silybin derivatives in PC-3 cells. These findings hold significant importance in the investigation of anticancer properties of silybin derivatives and strongly encourage swift investigation in pre-clinical models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Rita Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Kushal Kandhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.K.); (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Petrone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.K.); (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.K.); (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
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3
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Khawaja G, El-Orfali Y. Silibinin's Effects against Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rat Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:431. [PMID: 38675395 PMCID: PMC11054686 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is the first drug of choice to treat several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, its administration is accompanied by severe side effects, most commonly hepatotoxicity. Hence, alternative therapies with a lower toxicity and fewer side effects are needed. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin (SIL, natural agent) against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. Arthritic rats were treated with SIL (100 mg/kg) and/or methotrexate (2 mg/kg). Non-arthritic rats, arthritic untreated rats, and arthritic rats who received the vehicle were followed in parallel. SIL alleviated the systemic consequences of arthritis by restoring lost weight, decreasing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and ameliorating joint damage, which was evident both micro- and macroscopically. Additionally, SIL prevented the histopathological alterations in the liver and significantly reduced the liver damage caused by MTX and AIA, as shown by a decrease in the markers of liver damage (ALT and AST). Furthermore, SIL relieved the oxidative stress induced by AIA and MTX in liver tissue by decreasing the lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels and enhancing the antioxidant defense system (GSH levels; catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities). In conclusion, our results suggest that SIL is a potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent in arthritic rats. It markedly attenuated the progression and severity of the arthritic disease and eased the oxidative stress in liver tissue by improving the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon;
| | - Youmna El-Orfali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon;
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
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4
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Ramundo A, Hurtová M, Božek I, Osifová Z, Russo M, Ngoy BP, Křen V, Klán P. Multimodal Carbon Monoxide Photorelease from Flavonoids. Org Lett 2024; 26:708-712. [PMID: 38227978 PMCID: PMC10825817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Photooxygenation of flavonoids leads to the release of carbon monoxide (CO). Our structure-photoreactivity study, employing several structurally different flavonoids, including their 13C-labeled analogs, revealed that CO can be produced via two completely orthogonal pathways, depending on their hydroxy group substitution pattern and the reaction conditions. While photooxygenation of the enol 3-OH group has previously been established as the CO liberation channel, we show that the catechol-type hydroxy groups of ring B can predominantly participate in photodecarbonylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ramundo
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Martina Hurtová
- Laboratory
of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Božek
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Zuzana Osifová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542, 166 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Russo
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Bokolombe Pitchou Ngoy
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory
of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology
of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
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5
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Ramírez-Carreto RJ, Zaldívar-Machorro VJ, Pérez-Ramírez DJ, Rodríguez-López BE, Meza C, García E, Santamaría A, Chavarría A. Oral Administration of Silybin Protects Against MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity by Reducing Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Preserving BDNF Levels in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6774-6788. [PMID: 37480498 PMCID: PMC10657796 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease associated with motor dysfunction secondary to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal axis. Actual therapy consists mainly of levodopa; however, its long-term use promotes secondary effects. Consequently, finding new therapeutic alternatives, such as neuroprotective molecules, is necessary. Among these alternatives is silybin (Sb), the major bioactive flavonolignan in silymarin. Both exert neuroprotective effects, preserving dopamine levels and dopaminergic neurons when administered in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse PD model, being probably Sb the potential therapeutic molecule behind this effect. To elucidate the role of Sb in the PD model, we determined the dose-dependent conservation of striatal dopamine content following Sb oral administration. Then, we evaluated motor deficit tests using the best dopamine conservative dose of Sb and determined a cytokine-dependent inflammatory profile status, malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress product, and neurotrophic factors content in the MPTP-induced mouse PD model. Our results show that oral Sb at 100 mg/kg dose conserved about 60% dopamine levels. Also, Sb improved motor deficits, preserved neurotrophic factors content and mitochondrial function, reduced lipid peroxidation, diminished proinflammatory cytokines to basal levels, enhanced fractalkine production in the striatum and substantia nigra, and increased IL-10 and IL-4 levels in the substantia nigra in the MPTP mice. Thus, oral Sb may be a potential pharmacological PD treatment alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Ramírez-Carreto
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor J Zaldívar-Machorro
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Dafne J Pérez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Blanca E Rodríguez-López
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Meza
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Esperanza García
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S, Ciudad de México, 14269, México
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, S.S, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México.
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6
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Selectively Halogenated Flavonolignans-Preparation and Antibacterial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315121. [PMID: 36499444 PMCID: PMC9738062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of previously unknown halogenated derivatives of flavonolignans (silybins A and B, 2,3-dehydrosilybin, silychristin A, and 2,3-dehydrosilychristin A) was prepared. The effect of halogenation on the biological activity of flavonolignans was investigated. Halogenated derivatives had a significant effect on bacteria. All prepared derivatives inhibited the AI-2 type of bacterial communication (quorum sensing) at concentrations below 10 µM. All prepared compounds also inhibited the adhesion of bacteria (Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to the surface, preventing biofilm formation. These two effects indicate that the halogenated derivatives are promising antibacterial agents. Moreover, these derivatives acted synergistically with antibiotics and reduced the viability of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Some flavonolignans were able to reverse the resistant phenotype to a sensitive one, implying that they modulate antibiotic resistance.
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7
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Wang Y, Qi H. Natural Bioactive Compounds from Foods Inhibited Pigmentation Especially Potential Application of Fucoxanthin to Chloasma: a Mini-Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2148690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yida Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
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Singh A, Ujjwal RR, Kumar A, Verma RK, Shukla R. Formulation and Optimization of Silymarin Encapsulated Binary Micelles for Enhanced Amyloid Disaggregation Activity. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1775-1785. [PMID: 35343354 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2059498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose-Silymarin (SLY) is natural hydrophobic polyphenol which possess antioxidant and amyloid fibril (Aβ1-42) inhibition activity, but its activity hinders due to low aqueous solubility. In this study, SLY is encapsulated in Binary micelle (SLY-BM) that have been utilized to enhance the Aβ1-42 fibril disaggregation. To enhance the aqueous solubility and SLY payload in micelles were optimized using Box Behnken Design (BBD) to increase the efficiency of Aβ1-42 fibril disaggregation. BBD was employed to investigate the effect of ratio of Solutol HS15: Poloxamer-188, amount of acetone and hydration volume on critical quality attributes (CQA), particle size and entrapment efficiency for SLY-BM. Further SLY-BM was characterized for its physical and drug release properties. The Aβ1-42 fibril disaggregation and antioxidant studies was monitored using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. BBD optimized the particle size <50 nm with % EE >80% and solubility factor of SLY-BM was enhanced to 460 folds than free SLY. Inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of SLY-BM was (19.67 µg/mL) compared to free SLY (30.06 µg/mL) in diphenylpicrahydrazyl (DPPH) assay. SLY-BM increased the Aβ 1-42 disaggregation compared to free SLY observed via thioflavin -T (ThT) assay, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and Circular dichorism (CD). Further morphological evaluation of Aβ1-42 disaggregation was monitored microscopy which showed SLY-BM disaggregated the fibrils in 48h. According to our findings, we concluded that SLY-BM micelles potential candidates for delivery of neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Singh
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP)-226002, India
| | - Rewati Raman Ujjwal
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP)-226002, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP)-226002, India
| | - Rahul K Verma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase X, Sector 64. Mohali, Punjab 160062, INDIA
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP)-226002, India
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Romanucci V, Pagano R, Lembo A, Capasso D, Di Gaetano S, Zarrelli A, Di Fabio G. Phosphodiester Silybin Dimers Powerful Radical Scavengers: A Antiproliferative Activity on Different Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051702. [PMID: 35268803 PMCID: PMC8911775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Silibinin is the main biologically active component of silymarin extract and consists of a mixture 1:1 of two diastereoisomeric flavonolignans, namely silybin A (1a) and silybin B (1b), which we call here silybins. Despite the high interest in the activity of this flavonolignan, there are still few studies that give due attention to the role of its stereochemistry and, there is still today a strong need to investigate in this area. In this regard, here we report a study concerning the radical scavenger ability and the antiproliferative activity on different cell lines, both of silybins and phosphodiester-linked silybin dimers. An efficient synthetic strategy to obtain silybin dimers in an optical pure form (6aa, 6ab and 6bb) starting from a suitable building block of silybin A and silybin B, obtained by us from natural extract silibinin, was proposed. New dimers show strong antioxidant properties, determined through hydroxyl radical (HO●) scavenging ability, comparable to the value reported for known potent antioxidants such as quercetin. A preliminary screening was performed by treating cells with 10 and 50 μM concentrations for 48 h to identify the most sensitive cell lines. The results show that silibinin compounds were active on Jurkat, A375, WM266, and HeLa, but at the tested concentrations, they did not interfere with the growth of PANC, MCF-7, HDF or U87. In particular, both monomers (1a and 1b) and dimers (6aa, 6ab and 6bb) present selective anti-proliferative activity towards leukemia cells in the mid-micromolar range and are poorly active on normal cells. They exhibit different mechanisms of action in fact all the cells treated with the 1a and 1b go completely into apoptosis, whereas only part of the cells treated with 6aa and 6ab were found to be in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Rita Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Antonio Lembo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II“, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (S.D.G.)
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies (CESTEV), University of Naples “Federico II“, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II“, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (S.D.G.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.L.); (A.Z.)
- AIPRAS Onlus (Associazione Italiana per la Promozione delle Ricerche sull’Ambiente e la Salute umana Onlus), Via Campellone 50, 82030 Dugenta, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081674001
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Bulboacă AE, Porfire AS, Rus V, Nicula CA, Bulboacă CA, Bolboacă SD. Protective Effect of Liposomal Epigallocatechin-Gallate in Experimental Gentamicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:412. [PMID: 35204293 PMCID: PMC8869534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020412&set/a 900137139+983262882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the effect of liposomal epigallocatechin-gallate (LEGCG) compared with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) solution on hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin (G) administration in rats. Five groups were evaluated, a control group (no G administration) and four groups that received G (1 mL, i.p, 80 mg/kg b.w. (body weight/day), for 7 days) to which we associated daily administration 30 min before G of EGCG (G-EGCG, 2.5 mg/0.1 kg b.w.), LEGCG (G-LEGCG, 2.5 mg/0.1 kg b.w.) or silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w./day). The nitro-oxidative stress (NOx), catalase (CAT), TNF-α, transaminases, creatinine, urea, metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9, and liver histopathological changes were evaluated. LEGCG exhibited better efficacy than EGCG, improving the oxidant/antioxidant balance (p = 0.0125 for NOx and 0.0032 for CAT), TNF-α (p < 0.0001), MMP-2 (p < 0.0001), aminotransferases (p = 0.0001 for AST and 0.0136 for ALT), creatinine (p < 0.0001), urea (p = 0.0006) and histopathologic liver changes induced by gentamicin. Our study demonstrated the beneficial effect of EGCG with superior results of the liposomal formulation for hepatoprotection in experimental hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina Silvia Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vasile Rus
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400375 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Ariadna Nicula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Corneliu Angelo Bulboacă
- Department of Neurology and Pediatric Neurology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Protective Effect of Liposomal Epigallocatechin-Gallate in Experimental Gentamicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020412. [PMID: 35204293 PMCID: PMC8869534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the effect of liposomal epigallocatechin-gallate (LEGCG) compared with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) solution on hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin (G) administration in rats. Five groups were evaluated, a control group (no G administration) and four groups that received G (1 mL, i.p, 80 mg/kg b.w. (body weight/day), for 7 days) to which we associated daily administration 30 min before G of EGCG (G-EGCG, 2.5 mg/0.1 kg b.w.), LEGCG (G-LEGCG, 2.5 mg/0.1 kg b.w.) or silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w./day). The nitro-oxidative stress (NOx), catalase (CAT), TNF-α, transaminases, creatinine, urea, metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9, and liver histopathological changes were evaluated. LEGCG exhibited better efficacy than EGCG, improving the oxidant/antioxidant balance (p = 0.0125 for NOx and 0.0032 for CAT), TNF-α (p < 0.0001), MMP-2 (p < 0.0001), aminotransferases (p = 0.0001 for AST and 0.0136 for ALT), creatinine (p < 0.0001), urea (p = 0.0006) and histopathologic liver changes induced by gentamicin. Our study demonstrated the beneficial effect of EGCG with superior results of the liposomal formulation for hepatoprotection in experimental hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin.
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Protective Effect of Liposomal Epigallocatechin-Gallate in Experimental Gentamicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020412
expr 847787495 + 893919512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the effect of liposomal epigallocatechin-gallate (LEGCG) compared with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) solution on hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin (G) administration in rats. Five groups were evaluated, a control group (no G administration) and four groups that received G (1 mL, i.p, 80 mg/kg b.w. (body weight/day), for 7 days) to which we associated daily administration 30 min before G of EGCG (G-EGCG, 2.5 mg/0.1 kg b.w.), LEGCG (G-LEGCG, 2.5 mg/0.1 kg b.w.) or silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w./day). The nitro-oxidative stress (NOx), catalase (CAT), TNF-α, transaminases, creatinine, urea, metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9, and liver histopathological changes were evaluated. LEGCG exhibited better efficacy than EGCG, improving the oxidant/antioxidant balance (p = 0.0125 for NOx and 0.0032 for CAT), TNF-α (p < 0.0001), MMP-2 (p < 0.0001), aminotransferases (p = 0.0001 for AST and 0.0136 for ALT), creatinine (p < 0.0001), urea (p = 0.0006) and histopathologic liver changes induced by gentamicin. Our study demonstrated the beneficial effect of EGCG with superior results of the liposomal formulation for hepatoprotection in experimental hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin.
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Predicting nanoemulsion formulation and studying the synergism mechanism between surfactant and cosurfactant: A combined computational and experimental approach. Int J Pharm 2022; 615:121473. [PMID: 35074435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsion (NE) is a dosage form widely used in pharmaceutical, food, agrochemical, cosmetics, and personal care industries. NE systems are usually formulated through trial and error via numerous semi-empirical experiments. Moreover, the complex interaction mechanisms between the formulation surfactant and cosurfactant are difficult to understand. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) may be helpful in solving these formulation problems. Silibinin is a flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, which has demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. For this project, silibinin-loaded nanoemulsion (SBNE) was formulated by DPD, including surfactant and cosurfactant screening, pseudo-ternary phase construction, and SBNE characterization, all of which were verified by experimentation. Most importantly, this work shows that DPD can be adopted to explore the synergetic mechanisms between the surfactant and cosurfactant, including emulsification efficiency, distance, angle, arrangement, and order parameter. Additional verification experiments on the antioxidant and antimicrobial applications of simulation-designed SBNE were also carried out and confirmed DPD-predicted results. As such, predicting NE formulation by DPD has been proven to be feasible. For SBNE, the addition of PEG400 cosurfactant stretches the Cremophor RH40 surfactant molecules and assists in a more orderly arrangement. An enhanced interfacial thickness in SBNE could be attributed to the stretched hydrophilic head group and the decreased angle between the molecular axis and interface normal. These DPD and experimentally-verified results indicated that a proper cosurfactant will enhance the interfacial thickness, decrease the consumption of surfactant, and benefit NE formation. This new computationally applied knowledge should facilitate optimizing, designing, and understanding NE formulation more rationally and scientifically.
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Basu A, Bhowmick S, Mukherjee A. Flavonolignan silibinin abrogates SDS induced fibrillation of human serum albumin. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Milosavljevic S, Djordjevic I, Mandic B, Tesevic V, Stankovic M, Todorovic N, Novakovic M. Flavonoids of the Heartwood of Cotinus coggygria Scop. Showing Protective Effect on Human Lymphocyte DNA. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211067289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our study on Cotinus coggygria from Serbia, 10 known flavonoids (1-10) were isolated from the methylene chloride/methanol extract of the heartwood. They were tested for in vitro protective effect against chromosome aberrations in peripheral human lymphocytes, using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. All tested compounds (in minimal doses of 1 μg/mL) exerted a beneficial effect by decreasing DNA damage of human lymphocytes in the range of 24.2% to 54.5%, better than the radio protectant control, amifostine. Functional groups, such as 3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl (catechol), 5-OH, 3-OH, and 4-keto in flavonoids (3-keto in aurones), which play a key role in antioxidant activity, are proposed to be responsible for the DNA protective activity of the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Djordjevic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Mandic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tesevic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nina Todorovic
- Instituite of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Novakovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Dedicated to Professor Yoshinori Asakawa on the occasion of his 80th birthday
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Křen V. Chirality Matters: Biological Activity of Optically Pure Silybin and Its Congeners. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157885. [PMID: 34360650 PMCID: PMC8346157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the specific biological effects of optically pure silymarin flavo-nolignans, mainly silybins A and B, isosilybins A and B, silychristins A and B, and their 2,3-dehydro derivatives. The chirality of these flavonolignans is also discussed in terms of their analysis, preparative separation and chemical reactions. We demonstrated the specific activities of the respective diastereomers of flavonolignans and also the enantiomers of their 2,3-dehydro derivatives in the 3D anisotropic systems typically represented by biological systems. In vivo, silymarin flavonolignans do not act as redox antioxidants, but they play a role as specific ligands of biological targets, according to the "lock-and-key" concept. Estrogenic, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects have been demonstrated in optically pure flavonolignans. Potential application of pure flavonolignans has also been shown in cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes and modulation of multidrug resistance activity by these compounds are discussed in detail. The future of "silymarin applications" lies in the use of optically pure components that can be applied directly or used as valuable lead structures, and in the exploration of their true molecular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Begum R, Howlader S, Mamun-Or-Rashid ANM, Rafiquzzaman SM, Ashraf GM, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Peluso I, Abdel-Daim MM, Uddin MS. Antioxidant and Signal-Modulating Effects of Brown Seaweed-Derived Compounds against Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9974890. [PMID: 34336128 PMCID: PMC8289617 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9974890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biological and therapeutic properties of seaweeds have already been well known. Several studies showed that among the various natural marine sources of antioxidants, seaweeds have become a potential source of antioxidants because of their bioactive compounds. Most of the metabolic diseases are caused by oxidative stress. It is very well known that antioxidants have a pivotal role in the treatment of those diseases. Recent researches have revealed the potential activity of seaweeds as complementary medicine, which have therapeutic properties for health and disease management. Among the seaweeds, brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) and their derived bioactive substances showed excellent antioxidant properties than other seaweeds. This review focuses on brown seaweeds and their derived major bioactive compounds such as sulfated polysaccharide, polyphenol, carotenoid, and sterol antioxidant effects and molecular mechanisms in the case of the oxidative stress-originated disease. Antioxidants have a potential role in the modification of stress-induced signaling pathways along with the activation of the oxidative defensive pathways. This review would help to provide the basis for further studies to researchers on the potential antioxidant role in the field of medical health care and future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima Begum
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Howlader
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaco Genomics Research Centre (PGRC), Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - A. N. M. Mamun-Or-Rashid
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center and Glycative Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - S. M. Rafiquzzaman
- Department of Fisheries Biology & Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Metabolism of 2,3-Dehydrosilybin A and 2,3-Dehydrosilybin B: A Study with Human Hepatocytes and Recombinant UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and Sulfotransferases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060954. [PMID: 34198653 PMCID: PMC8232340 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Dehydrosilybin A and 2,3-dehydrosilybin B are a pair of enantiomers formed by the oxidation of the natural flavonolignans silybin A and silybin B, respectively. However, the antioxidant activity of 2,3-dehydrosilybin molecules is much stronger than that of their precursors. Here, we investigated the biotransformation of pure 2,3-dehydrosilybin A and 2,3-dehydrosilybin B in isolated human hepatocytes, and we also aimed to identify human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and sulfotransferases (SULTs) with activity toward their respective enantiomers. After incubation with hepatocytes, both 2,3-dehydrosilybin A and 2,3-dehydrosilybin B were converted to hydroxyl derivatives, methylated hydroxyl derivatives, methyl derivatives, sulfates, and glucuronides. The products of direct conjugations predominated over those of oxidative metabolism, and glucuronides were the most abundant metabolites. Furthermore, we found that recombinant human UGTs 1A1, 1A3, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, and 1A10 were capable of catalyzing the glucuronidation of both 2,3-dehydrosilybin A and 2,3-dehydrosilybin B. UGTs 1A1 and 1A7 showed the highest activity toward 2,3-dehydrosilybin A, and UGT1A9 showed the highest activity toward 2,3-dehydrosilybin B. The sulfation of 2,3-dehydrosilybin A and B was catalyzed by SULTs 1A1*1, 1A1*2, 1A2, 1A3, 1B1, 1C2, 1C4, and 1E1, of which SULT1A3 exhibited the highest activity toward both enantiomers. We conclude that 2,3-dehydrosilybin A and B are preferentially metabolized by conjugation reactions, and that several human UGT and SULT enzymes may play a role in these conjugations.
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Chazelas P, Steichen C, Favreau F, Trouillas P, Hannaert P, Thuillier R, Giraud S, Hauet T, Guillard J. Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Ischemia Reperfusion Models: Characteristics, Limits and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052366. [PMID: 33673423 PMCID: PMC7956779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury is a complex process consisting of a seemingly chaotic but actually organized and compartmentalized shutdown of cell function, of which oxidative stress is a key component. Studying oxidative stress, which results in an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense activity, is a multi-faceted issue, particularly considering the double function of ROS, assuming roles as physiological intracellular signals and as mediators of cellular component damage. Herein, we propose a comprehensive overview of the tools available to explore oxidative stress, particularly in the study of ischemia reperfusion. Applying chemistry as well as biology, we present the different models currently developed to study oxidative stress, spanning the vitro and the silico, discussing the advantages and the drawbacks of each set-up, including the issues relating to the use of in vitro hypoxia as a surrogate for ischemia. Having identified the limitations of historical models, we shall study new paradigms, including the use of stem cell-derived organoids, as a bridge between the in vitro and the in vivo comprising 3D intercellular interactions in vivo and versatile pathway investigations in vitro. We shall conclude this review by distancing ourselves from "wet" biology and reviewing the in silico, computer-based, mathematical modeling, and numerical simulation options: (a) molecular modeling with quantum chemistry and molecular dynamic algorithms, which facilitates the study of molecule-to-molecule interactions, and the integration of a compound in a dynamic environment (the plasma membrane...); (b) integrative systemic models, which can include many facets of complex mechanisms such as oxidative stress or ischemia reperfusion and help to formulate integrated predictions and to enhance understanding of dynamic interaction between pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chazelas
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, Université de Limoges, EA 6309, 87032 Limoges, France; (P.C.); (F.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, Université de Limoges, EA 6309, 87032 Limoges, France; (P.C.); (F.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM U1248, IPPRITT, Université de Limoges, 87032 Limoges, France;
- RCPTM, University Palacký of Olomouc, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Hannaert
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Raphaël Thuillier
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
- FHU SUPORT Survival Optimization in Organ Transplantation, 86021 Poitiers, France
- IBiSA Plateforme Modélisation Préclinique-Innovations Chirurgicale et Technologique (MOPICT), Do-maine Expérimental du Magneraud, 17700 Surgères, France
| | - Jérôme Guillard
- UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, Team 5 Chemistry, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-49-44-38-59
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20
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Jurcau A. The Role of Natural Antioxidants in the Prevention of Dementia-Where Do We Stand and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:282. [PMID: 33498262 PMCID: PMC7909256 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia, and especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), puts significant burden on global healthcare expenditure through its increasing prevalence. Research has convincingly demonstrated the implication of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dementia as well as of the conditions which increase the risk of developing dementia. However, drugs which target single pathways have so far failed in providing significant neuroprotection. Natural antioxidants, due to their effects in multiple pathways through which oxidative stress leads to neurodegeneration and triggers neuroinflammation, could prove valuable weapons in our fight against dementia. Although efficient in vitro and in animal models of AD, natural antioxidants in human trials have many drawbacks related to the limited bioavailability, unknown optimal dose, or proper timing of the treatment. Nonetheless, trials evaluating several of these natural compounds are ongoing, as are attempts to modify these compounds to achieve improved bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, nr 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Neurology Ward, Clinical Municipal Hospital “Dr. G. Curteanu”, nr 12 Corneliu Coposu Street, 410469 Oradea, Romania
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21
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A physiological examination of the antioxidant ability of super tocopherol derivatives. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Lozano-Sepúlveda SA, Rincón-Sanchez AR, Rivas-Estilla AM. Antioxidants benefits in hepatitis C infection in the new DAAs era. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:410-415. [PMID: 31122787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Some of the evidence on whether antioxidant supplements are effective in treatment of liver diseases is contradictory. Here we perform a descriptive analysis of the available data in vivo and in vitro of the possible antiviral action and controversy of several antioxidant molecules against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Lozano-Sepúlveda
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eluterio Gonzalez", Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Ana R Rincón-Sanchez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana M Rivas-Estilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eluterio Gonzalez", Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Drouet S, Tungmunnithum D, Lainé É, Hano C. Gene Expression Analysis and Metabolite Profiling of Silymarin Biosynthesis during Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4730. [PMID: 32630801 PMCID: PMC7370286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature fruits (i.e., achenes) of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Asteraceae) accumulate high amounts of silymarin (SILM), a complex mixture of bioactive flavonolignans deriving from taxifolin. Their biological activities in relation with human health promotion and disease prevention are well described. However, the conditions of their biosynthesis in planta are still obscure. To fill this gap, fruit development stages were first precisely defined to study the accumulation kinetics of SILM constituents during fruit ripening. The accumulation profiles of the SILM components during fruit maturation were determined using the LC-MS analysis of these defined developmental phases. The kinetics of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and peroxidase (POX) activities suggest in situ biosynthesis of SILM from l-Phenylalanine during fruit maturation rather than a transport of precursors to the achene. In particular, in contrast to laccase activity, POX activity was associated with the accumulation of silymarin, thus indicating a possible preferential involvement of peroxidase(s) in the oxidative coupling step leading to flavonolignans. Reference genes have been identified, selected and validated to allow accurate gene expression profiling of candidate biosynthetic genes (PAL, CAD, CHS, F3H, F3'H and POX) related to SILM accumulation. Gene expression profiles were correlated with SILM accumulation kinetic and preferential location in pericarp during S. marianum fruit maturation, reaching maximum biosynthesis when desiccation occurs, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of an in situ biosynthesis. This observation led us to consider the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA), a key phytohormone in the control of fruit ripening process. ABA accumulation timing and location during milk thistle fruit ripening appeared in line with a potential regulation of the SLIM accumulation. A possible transcriptional regulation of SILM biosynthesis by ABA was supported by the presence of ABA-responsive cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of the SILM biosynthetic genes studied. These results pave the way for a better understanding of the biosynthetic regulation of SILM during the maturation of S. marianum fruit and offer important insights to better control the production of these medicinally important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.); (É.L.)
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.); (É.L.)
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Éric Lainé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.); (É.L.)
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.); (É.L.)
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
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Shi T, Wu L, Ma W, Ju L, Bai M, Chen X, Liu S, Yang X, Shi J. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8749564. [PMID: 31998400 PMCID: PMC6969649 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8749564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important causes of liver disease worldwide and probably destined to become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades, affecting both adults and children. Faced with the severe challenges for the prevention and control of NAFLD, this article discusses the understanding and mechanism of NAFLD from Chinese and Western medicine. Moreover, the progress regarding its treatment in both Chinese and Western medicine is also summarized. Both Chinese medicine and Western medicine have their own characteristics and clinical efficacy advantages in treating diseases. The purpose of this article is to hope that Chinese and Western medicine have complementary advantages, complementing each other to improve clinical NAFLD therapy prevention and treatment methods to receive more and more attention throughout the global medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shi
- The Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Wu
- Center of Clinical Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- The Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Ju
- The Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minghui Bai
- The Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- The Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shourong Liu
- The Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Derakhshandeh-Rishehri SM, Heidari-Beni M, Eftekhari MH. THE EFFECTS OF REALSIL (SILYBIN-PHOSPHOLIPID-VITAMIN E COMPLEX) ON LIVER ENZYMES IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) OR NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATO-HEPATITIS (NASH): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RCTS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:223-231. [PMID: 33029240 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effects of Realsil (silybin-phospholipid-vitamin E complex) on liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD or NASH. Methods We searched Web of Science, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, and 1868 articles were found up to December 2018. Four studies that examined the effect of Realsil intake on liver enzymes among NAFLD or NASH patients were included. Exclusion criteria include: animal studies, studies with the design other than clinical trials, studies on non-adult individuals, studies that assess the effect of vitamin E, silybin, or phospholipid solely, studies that examined the effect of Realsil on other outcomes, or studies with insufficient data. Results The analysis demonstrated that Realsil intake led to a significant decrease in Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) levels (standardized mean difference (SMD) =-0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI]): -0.68 to -0.06). Realsil intake non-significantly decrease alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (SMD=-1.02 U/L; 95% CI: -2.23 to 0.20) and non-significantly increase aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (SMD = 0.17 U/L; 95% CI: -0.26-0.61). Conclusion Realsil intake was associated with a significantly decreased circulating GGT level without any significant effect on AST and ALT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Heidari-Beni
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M H Eftekhari
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Amato A, Terzo S, Mulè F. Natural Compounds as Beneficial Antioxidant Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120608. [PMID: 31801234 PMCID: PMC6943487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive role of nutrition in chronic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) suggests that dietary interventions represent helpful tools for preventing NDs. In particular, diets enriched with natural compounds have become an increasingly attractive, non-invasive, and inexpensive option to support a healthy brain and to potentially treat NDs. Bioactive compounds found in vegetables or microalgae possess special properties able to counteract oxidative stress, which is involved as a triggering factor in neurodegeneration. Here, we briefly review the relevant experimental data on curcuminoids, silymarin, chlorogenic acid, and compounds derived from the microalga Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) which have been demonstrated to possess encouraging beneficial effects on neurodegeneration, in particular on Alzheimer's disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Terzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
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Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Multidrug Resistance Modulation Activity of Silychristin Derivatives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080303. [PMID: 31416138 PMCID: PMC6720199 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Silychristin A is the second most abundant compound of silymarin. Silymarin complex was previously described as an antioxidant with multidrug resistance modulation activity. Here, the results of a classical biochemical antioxidant assay (ORAC) were compared with a cellular assay evaluating the antioxidant capacity of pure silychristin A and its derivatives (anhydrosilychristin, isosilychristin and 2,3-dehydrosilychristin A). All the tested compounds acted as antioxidants within the cells, but 2,3-dehydro- and anhydro derivatives were almost twice as potent as the other tested compounds. Similar results were obtained in LPS-stimulated macrophages, where 2,3-dehydro- and anhydrosilychristin inhibited NO production nearly twice as efficiently as silychristin A. The inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was determined in vitro, and the respective sensitization of doxorubicin-resistant ovarian carcinoma overproducing P-gp was detected. Despite the fact that the inhibition of P-gp was demonstrated in a concentration-dependent manner for each tested compound, the sensitization of the resistant cell line was observed predominantly for silychristin A and 2,3-dehydrosilychristin A. However, anhydrosilychristin and isosilychristin affected the expression of both the P-gp (ABCB1) and ABCG2 genes. This is the first report showing that silychristin A and its 2,3-dehydro-derivative modulate multidrug resistance by the direct inhibition of P-gp, in contrast to anhydrosilychristin and isosilychristin modulating multidrug resistance by downregulating the expression of the dominant transmembrane efflux pumps.
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A pilot study of the UVA-photoprotective potential of dehydrosilybin, isosilybin, silychristin, and silydianin on human dermal fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:477-490. [PMID: 31079190 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of naked unprotected skin to solar radiation may result in numerous acute and chronic undesirable effects. Evidence suggests that silymarin, a standardized extract from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. seeds, and its major component silybin suppress UVB-induced skin damage. Here, we aimed to investigate the UVA-protective effects of silymarin's less abundant flavonolignans, specifically isosilybin (ISB), silychristin (SC), silydianin (SD), and 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHSB). Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) pre-treated for 1 h with flavonolignans were then exposed to UVA light using a solar simulator. Their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonylated proteins and glutathione (GSH) level, caspase-3 activity, single-strand breaks' (SSBs) formation and protein level of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and heat shock protein (HSP70) were evaluated. The most pronounced preventative potential was found for DHSB, a minor component of silymarin, and SC, the second most abundant flavonolignan in silymarin. They had significant effects on most of the studied parameters. Meanwhile, a photoprotective effect of SC was mostly found at double the concentration of DHSB. ISB and SD protected against GSH depletion, the generation of ROS, carbonylated proteins and SSBs, and caspase-3 activation, but had no significant effect on MMP-1, HO-1, or HSP70. In summary, DHSB and to a lesser extent other silymarin flavonolignans are potent UVA-protective compounds. However, due to the in vitro phototoxic potential of DHSB published elsewhere, further studies are needed to exclude phototoxicity for humans as well as to confirm our results on human skin ex vivo and in vivo.
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Lauberte L, Fabre G, Ponomarenko J, Dizhbite T, Evtuguin DV, Telysheva G, Trouillas P. Lignin Modification Supported by DFT-Based Theoretical Study as a Way to Produce Competitive Natural Antioxidants. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091794. [PMID: 31075868 PMCID: PMC6539611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of lignins as renewable aromatic feedstock is of utmost importance in terms of the use of sustainable resources. This study provides a deductive approach towards market-oriented lignin-derived antioxidants by ascertaining the direct effect of different structural features of lignin on the reactivity of its phenolic OH groups in the radical scavenging reactions. The antioxidant activity of a series of compounds, modeling lignin structural units, was experimentally characterized and rationalized, using thermodynamic descriptors. The calculated O–H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) of characteristic lignin subunits were used to predict the modification pathways of technical lignins. The last ones were isolated by soda delignification from different biomass sources and their oligomeric fractions were studied as a raw material for modification and production of optimized antioxidants. These were characterized in terms of chemical structure, molecular weight distribution, content of the functional groups, and the antioxidant activity. The developed approach for the targeted modification of lignins allowed the products competitive with two commercial synthetic phenolic antioxidants in both free radical scavenging and stabilization of thermooxidative destruction of polyurethane films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liga Lauberte
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Gabin Fabre
- INSERM UMR 1248, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | | | - Tatiana Dizhbite
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO/University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Galina Telysheva
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM UMR 1248, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17 listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Solís-Gómez A, Sato-Berrú R, Mata-Zamora M, Saniger J, Guirado-López R. Characterizing the properties of anticancer silibinin and silybin B complexes with UV–Vis, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopies: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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31
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Maciel EN, Soares IN, da Silva SC, de Souza GLC. A computational study on the reaction between fisetin and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). J Mol Model 2019; 25:103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-3969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Fernandes CJDC, Veiga MR, Peracoli MTS, Zambuzzi WF. Modulatory effects of silibinin in cell behavior during osteogenic phenotype. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13413-13425. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Célio Jr. da Costa Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University ‐ UNESP Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mariana R. Veiga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University ‐ UNESP Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Serrão Peracoli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University ‐ UNESP Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Willian F. Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University ‐ UNESP Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
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Öztürk Kiraz A. Temperature Effect of the Theobromine’s Electronic and Antioxidant Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2019. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.504474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kashyap C, Mazumder LJ, Rohman SS, Ullah SS, Guha AK. Re-visiting the Antioxidant Activity of Se- and Te- Carbohydrates: A Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chayanika Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry; Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam; India-781001
| | | | - Shahnaz S. Rohman
- Department of Chemistry; Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam; India-781001
| | - Sabnam S. Ullah
- Department of Chemistry; Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam; India-781001
| | - Ankur Kanti Guha
- Department of Chemistry; Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam; India-781001
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Pignatelli P, Carnevale R, Menichelli D. Silybin and metabolic disorders. Intern Emerg Med 2019; 14:1-3. [PMID: 30327932 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-018-1968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Danilo Menichelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Romanucci V, Di Fabio G, Zarrelli A. A New Class of Synthetic Flavonolignan-Like Dimers: Still Few Molecules, but with Attractive Properties. Molecules 2018; 24:E108. [PMID: 30597952 PMCID: PMC6337569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in dimeric molecules due to reports of their promising therapeutic value in the treatment of numerous diseases (such as cancer, HIV, Alzheimer's and, malaria). Many reports in the literature have highlighted the ability of these molecules to interact not only with specific biologic receptors but also to induce a biological response that more than doubles the results of the corresponding monomeric counterpart. In this regard, flavonolignan dimers or simply bi-flavonolignans are an emerging class of dimeric compounds that unlike bi-flavonoids, which are very widespread in nature, consist of synthetic dimers of some flavonolignans isolated from the milk thistle Silybum marianum [L. Gaertn. (Asteraceae)]. This mini-review will discuss recent developments in the synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of new families of flavonolignan dimers, in light of emerging medicinal chemistry strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Tvrdý V, Catapano MC, Rawlik T, Karlíčková J, Biedermann D, Křen V, Mladěnka P, Valentová K. Interaction of isolated silymarin flavonolignans with iron and copper. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 189:115-123. [PMID: 30245273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin, the standardized extract from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is composed mostly of flavonolignans and is approved in the EU for the adjuvant therapy of alcoholic liver disease. It is also used for other purported effects in miscellaneous nutraceuticals. Due to polyhydroxylated structures and low systemic bioavailability, these flavonolignans are likely to interact with transition metals in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to analyze the interactions of pure silymarin flavonolignans with copper and iron. Both competitive and non-competitive methods at various physiologically relevant pH levels ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 were tested. Only 2,3‑dehydrosilybin was found to be a potent or moderately active iron and copper chelator. Silybin A, silybin B and silychristin A were less potent or inactive chelators. Both 2,3‑dehydrosilybin enantiomers (A and B) were equally active iron and copper chelators, and the preferred stoichiometries were mainly 2:1 and 3:1 (2,3‑dehydrosilybin:metal). Additional experiments showed that silychristin was the most potent iron and copper reductant. Comparison with their structural precursors taxifolin and quercetin is included as well. Based on these results, silymarin administration most probably affects the kinetics of copper and iron in the gastrointestinal tract, however, due to the different interactions of individual components of silymarin with these transition metals, the biological effects need to be evaluated in the future in a much more complex study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Tvrdý
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Carmen Catapano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Rawlik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-003 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David Biedermann
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Valentová K, Purchartová K, Rydlová L, Roubalová L, Biedermann D, Petrásková L, Křenková A, Pelantová H, Holečková-Moravcová V, Tesařová E, Cvačka J, Vrba J, Ulrichová J, Křen V. Sulfated Metabolites of Flavonolignans and 2,3-Dehydroflavonolignans: Preparation and Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2349. [PMID: 30096957 PMCID: PMC6121260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin, an extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) fruits, is consumed in various food supplements. The metabolism of silymarin flavonolignans in mammals is complex, the exact structure of their metabolites still remains partly unclear and standards are not commercially available. This work is focused on the preparation of sulfated metabolites of silymarin flavonolignans. Sulfated flavonolignans were prepared using aryl sulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense and p-nitrophenyl sulfate as a sulfate donor and characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) radical scavenging; ferric (FRAP) and Folin⁻Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) reducing activity; anti-lipoperoxidant potential; and effect on the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway were examined. Pure silybin A 20-O-sulfate, silybin B 20-O-sulfate, 2,3-dehydrosilybin-20-O-sulfate, 2,3-dehydrosilybin-7,20-di-O-sulfate, silychristin-19-O-sulfate, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin-19-O-sulfate, and silydianin-19-O-sulfate were prepared and fully characterized. Sulfated 2,3-dehydroderivatives were more active in FCR and FRAP assays than the parent compounds, and remaining sulfates were less active chemoprotectants. The sulfated flavonolignans obtained can be now used as authentic standards for in vivo metabolic experiments and for further research on their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Purchartová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Rydlová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Roubalová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - David Biedermann
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Křenková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Eva Tesařová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Maciel EN, Almeida SKC, da Silva SC, de Souza GLC. Examining the reaction between antioxidant compounds and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) through a computational investigation. J Mol Model 2018; 24:218. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wen YJ, Zhou ZY, Zhang GL, Lu XX. Metal coordination protocol for the synthesis of-2,3-dehydrosilybin and 19-O-demethyl-2,3-dehydrosilybin from silybin and their antitumor activities. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Oufi HG. The cytogenetic effects of silibinin alone and in combination with methotrexate in mouse bone marrow. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:179-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Federico A, Conti V, Russomanno G, Dallio M, Masarone M, Stiuso P, Tuccillo C, Caraglia M, Manzo V, Persico M, Filippelli A, Loguercio C. A Long-term Treatment with Silybin in Patients with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Stimulates Catalase Activity in Human Endothelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:609-618. [PMID: 28652427 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare levels of oxidative stress markers in patients' sera with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treated for 12 months (T12) with silybin conjugated with phosphatidylcholine (Realsil®) (R) or placebo (P) and investigate oxidative stress responses in human endothelial cells conditioned with patients' sera. PATIENTS AND METHODS We recruited twenty-seven patients with histological NASH. We measured thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in human endothelial cells conditioned with patients' sera exposed or not to H2O2 Results: We found in decreased-TBARS patients' sera, at T12, a decrease of alanine aminotransferase (p=0.038), transforming growth factor-beta (p=0.009) and procollagen I (p=0.001). By dividing patients into two groups, increased (P-I/R-I) and decreased TBARS (P-II/R-II) at T12 compared to T0, we found an increased CAT activity in conditioned endothelial cells at T12 in both groups (p=0.05 and p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Realsil® may be effective against endothelial dysfunction by stimulating the cellular antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Federico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giusy Russomanno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Tuccillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Manzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marcello Persico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Schramm S, Huang G, Gunesch S, Lang F, Roa J, Högger P, Sabaté R, Maher P, Decker M. Regioselective synthesis of 7-O-esters of the flavonolignan silibinin and SARs lead to compounds with overadditive neuroprotective effects. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:93-107. [PMID: 29407994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of neuroprotective hybrid compounds was synthesized by conjugation of the flavonolignan silibinin with natural phenolic acids, such as ferulic, cinnamic and syringic acid. Selective 7-O-esterfication without protection groups was achieved by applying the respective acyl chlorides. Sixteen compounds were obtained and SARs were established by evaluating antioxidative properties in the physicochemical FRAP assay, as well as in a cell-based neuroprotection assay using murine hippocampal HT-22 cells. Despite weak activities in the FRAP assay, esters of the α,β-unsaturated acids showed pronounced overadditive effects at low concentrations greatly exceeding the effects of equimolar mixtures of silibinin and the respective acids in the neuroprotection assay. Cinnamic and ferulic acid esters (5a and 6a) also showed overadditive effects regarding inhibition of microglial activation, PC12 cell differentiation, in vitro ischemia as well as anti-aggregating abilities against Aβ42 peptide and τ protein. Remarkably, the esters of ferulic acid with silybin A and silybin B (11a and 11b) showed a moderate but significant difference in both neuroprotection and in their anti-aggregating capacities. The results demonstrate that non-toxic natural antioxidants can be regioselectively connected as esters with medium-term stability exhibiting very pronounced overadditive effects in a portfolio of biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schramm
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guozheng Huang
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Gunesch
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Klinische Pharmazie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Judit Roa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra Högger
- Klinische Pharmazie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Rodriguez JP, Quilantang NG, Lee JS, Lee JM, Kim HY, Shim JS, Lee S. Determination of Silybin B in the Different Parts of Silybum marianum using HPLC-UV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2018.24.2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce P. Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Norman G. Quilantang
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Ju Sung Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Natural Products Research Team, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Jae Suk Shim
- Imsil Herbal Medicine Association, Imsil 55955, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Ben Said R, Hamed AI, Essalah K, Al-Ayed AS, Boughdiri S, Tangour B, Kowalczyk M, Moldoch J, Mahalel UA, Oleszek W, Stochmal A. Fast characterization of C- glycoside acetophenones in Medemia argun male racemes (an Ancient Egyptian palm) using LC-MS analyses and computational study with their antioxidant effect. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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The role of intramolecular H-bonds predominant effects in myricetin higher antioxidant activity. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Reina M, Martínez A. Silybin interacting with Cu 4 , Ag 4 and Au 4 clusters: Do these constitute antioxidant materials? COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Marcolino Assis-Júnior E, Melo AT, Pereira VBM, Wong DVT, Sousa NRP, Oliveira CMG, Malveira LRC, Moreira LS, Souza MHLP, Almeida PRC, Lima-Júnior RCP. Dual effect of silymarin on experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by irinotecan. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 327:71-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Galloylation of polyphenols alters their biological activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:223-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Roubalová L, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Biedermann D, Křen V, Ulrichová J, Vrba J. Flavonolignan 2,3-dehydrosilydianin activates Nrf2 and upregulates NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in Hepa1c1c7 cells. Fitoterapia 2017; 119:115-120. [PMID: 28450126 PMCID: PMC5476199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various liver disorders. This study examined whether the main flavonolignans from S. marianum (i.e. silybin, silychristin, silydianin) and their 2,3-dehydro derivatives (i.e. 2,3-dehydrosilybin, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin) activate the Nrf2 pathway, which regulates the expression of genes encoding many cytoprotective enzymes, including NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). After 48h of exposure, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin at concentrations of 25μM and higher significantly elevated the activity of NQO1 in murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. In contrast, other tested compounds at non-cytotoxic concentrations had a mild or negligible effect on the NQO1 activity. Using a luciferase reporter assay, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin was found to significantly activate transcription via the antioxidant response element in stably transfected human AREc32 reporter cells. Moreover, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin caused the accumulation of Nrf2 and significantly induced the expression of the Nqo1 gene at both the mRNA and protein levels in Hepa1c1c7 cells. We found that 2,3-dehydrosilydianin also increased to some extent the expression of other Nrf2 target genes, namely of the heme oxygenase-1 gene (Hmox1) and the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene (Gclm). We conclude that 2,3-dehydrosilydianin activates Nrf2 and induces Nrf2-mediated gene expression in Hepa1c1c7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Roubalová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - David Biedermann
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic.
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