1
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Tran LN, Abellar KA, Cope JD, Nguyen TB. Second-Order Kinetic Rate Coefficients for the Aqueous-Phase Sulfate Radical (SO 4•-) Oxidation of Some Atmospherically Relevant Organic Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6517-6525. [PMID: 36069746 PMCID: PMC9511566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The sulfate anion radical (SO4•–) is a reactive oxidant formed in the autoxidation chain of sulfur
dioxide, among other sources. Recently, new formation pathways toward
SO4•– and other reactive sulfur
species have been reported. This work investigated the second-order
rate coefficients for the aqueous SO4•– oxidation of the following important organic aerosol compounds (kSO4): 2-methyltetrol, 2-methyl-1,2,3-trihydroxy-4-sulfate,
2-methyl-1,2-dihydroxy-3-sulfate, 1,2-dihydroxyisoprene, 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dinitrate,
2-methyl-1,2,4-trihydroxy-3-nitrate, 2-methylglyceric acid, 2-methylglycerate,
lactic acid, lactate, pyruvic acid, pyruvate. The rate coefficients
of the unknowns were determined against that of a reference in pure
water in a temperature range of 298–322 K. The decays of each
reagent were measured with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance
liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS).
Incorporating additional SO4•– reactions into models may aid in the understanding of organosulfate
formation, radical propagation, and aerosol mass sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian N Tran
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Karizza A Abellar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James D Cope
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tran B Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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2
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Lin X, Hu R, Ma Z, Yue H, Wen Z, Zhang C, Fittschen C, Zhang W, Tang X. Cl-Initiated oxidation of methacrolein under NO x-free conditions studied by VUV photoionization mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17471-17478. [PMID: 35822339 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cl-initiated oxidation of methacrolein (MACR, C4H6O) under NOx-free conditions has been investigated in a fast flow tube by using a home-made vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometer complemented by high-level theoretical calculations. The key species such as intermediates and radicals together with products involved in the oxidation are observed online and confirmed in photoionization mass spectra. The reaction potential energy surfaces of the transient C4H5O and C4H6OCl radicals, formed from the hydrogen-abstraction reaction and the addition reaction of MACR with Cl atoms, with oxygen have been theoretically calculated to illuminate the formation of the peroxy radicals of C4H5OO2 and C4H6OClO2. The photoionization processes of these peroxy radicals, whose cations are not stable, and their individual self-reactions as well as bimolecular reactions with HO2 radical are studied and discussed. In addition, kinetic experiments are also performed to get the time evolution of specific products and compared with theoretical models, providing a detailed insight into the reaction mechanism of the Cl-initiated oxidation of MACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
| | - Rongrong Hu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
| | - Ziji Ma
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
| | - Hao Yue
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
| | - Zuoying Wen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China. .,University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christa Fittschen
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
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3
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Wang DS, Masoud CG, Modi M, Hildebrandt Ruiz L. Isoprene-Chlorine Oxidation in the Presence of NO x and Implications for Urban Atmospheric Chemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9251-9264. [PMID: 35700480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a key indicator of urban air quality. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributes substantially to the PM2.5 concentration. Discrepancies between modeling and field measurements of SOA indicate missing sources and formation mechanisms. Recent studies report elevated concentrations of reactive chlorine species in inland and urban regions, which increase the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and serve as sources for SOA and particulate chlorides. Chlorine-initiated oxidation of isoprene, the most abundant nonmethane hydrocarbon, is known to produce SOA under pristine conditions, but the effects of anthropogenic influences in the form of nitrogen oxides (NOx) remain unexplored. Here, we investigate chlorine-isoprene reactions under low- and high-NOx conditions inside an environmental chamber. Organic chlorides including C5H11ClO3, C5H9ClO3, and C5H9ClO4 are observed as major gas- and particle-phase products. Modeling and experimental results show that the secondary OH-isoprene chemistry is significantly enhanced under high-NOx conditions, accounting for up to 40% of all isoprene oxidized and leading to the suppression of organic chloride formation. Chlorine-initiated oxidation of isoprene could serve as a source for multifunctional (chlorinated) organic oxidation products and SOA in both pristine and anthropogenically influenced environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu S Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Catherine G Masoud
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mrinali Modi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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4
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Abellar KA, Cope JD, Nguyen TB. Second-Order Kinetic Rate Coefficients for the Aqueous-Phase Hydroxyl Radical (OH) Oxidation of Isoprene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol Compounds at 298 K. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13728-13736. [PMID: 34587441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation of the most abundant nonmethane volatile organic compound emitted to the atmosphere, isoprene (C5H8), produces a number of chemical species that partition to the condensed phase via gas-particle partitioning or form condensed-phase compounds via multiphase/heterogeneous chemistry to generate secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The SOA species in aerosol water or cloud/fog droplets may oxidize further via aqueous reaction with OH radicals, among other fates. Rate coefficients for compounds in isoprene's photochemical cascade are well constrained in the gas phase; however, a gap of information exists for the aqueous OH rate coefficients of the condensed-phased products, precluding the atmospheric modeling of the oxidative fate of isoprene-derived SOA. This work investigated the OH-initiated oxidation kinetic rate coefficients (kOH) for six major SOA compounds formed from the high-NO and low-NO channels of isoprene's atmospheric oxidation and one analog, most of which were synthesized and purified for study: (k1) 2-methyltetrol [MT: 1.14 (±0.17) × 109 M-1 s-1], (k2) 2-methyl-1,2,3-trihydroxy-4-sulfate [MT-4-S: 1.52 (±0.25) × 109 M-1 s-1], (k3) 2-methyl-1,2-dihydroxy-3-sulfate [MD-3-S: 0.56 (±0.15) × 109 M-1 s-1], (k4) 2-methyl-1,2-dihydroxy-but-3-ene [MDE: 4.35 (±1.16) × 109 M-1 s-1], (k5) 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dinitrate [MD-1,4-DN: 0.24 (±0.04) × 109 M-1 s-1], (k6) 2-methyl-1,2,4-trihydroxy-3-nitrate [MT-3-N: 1.12 (±0.15) × 109 M-1 s-1], and (k7) 2-methylglyceric acid [MGA: pH 2:1.41 (±0.49) × 109 M-1 s-1; pH 5:0.97 (±0.42) × 109 M-1 s-1]. The second-order rate coefficients are determined against the known kOH of erythritol in pure water. The decays of each reagent were measured with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). The aqueous photooxidation fates of isoprene-derived SOA compounds are substantial and may impact the SOA budget when implemented into global models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karizza A Abellar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James D Cope
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tran B Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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5
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Martínek M, Váňa J, Šebej P, Navrátil R, Slanina T, Ludvíková L, Roithová J, Klán P. Photochemistry of a 9‐Dithianyl‐Pyronin Derivative: A Cornucopia of Reaction Intermediates Lead to Common Photoproducts. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2230-2242. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Martínek
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Váňa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Peter Šebej
- RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Navrátil
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 2030/8 128 43 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ludvíková
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
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6
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Yee LD, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Wernis RA, Kreisberg NM, Glasius M, Riva M, Surratt JD, de Sá SS, Martin ST, Alexander ML, Palm BB, Hu W, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Jimenez JL, Liu Y, Misztal PK, Artaxo P, Viegas J, Manzi A, de Souza RAF, Edgerton ES, Baumann K, Goldstein AH. Natural and Anthropogenically Influenced Isoprene Oxidation in Southeastern United States and Central Amazon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5980-5991. [PMID: 32271021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions alter secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry from naturally emitted isoprene. We use correlations of tracers and tracer ratios to provide new perspectives on sulfate, NOx, and particle acidity influencing isoprene-derived SOA in two isoprene-rich forested environments representing clean to polluted conditions-wet and dry seasons in central Amazonia and Southeastern U.S. summer. We used a semivolatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (SV-TAG) and filter samplers to measure SOA tracers indicative of isoprene/HO2 (2-methyltetrols, C5-alkene triols, 2-methyltetrol organosulfates) and isoprene/NOx (2-methylglyceric acid, 2-methylglyceric acid organosulfate) pathways. Summed concentrations of these tracers correlated with particulate sulfate spanning three orders of magnitude, suggesting that 1 μg m-3 reduction in sulfate corresponds with at least ∼0.5 μg m-3 reduction in isoprene-derived SOA. We also find that isoprene/NOx pathway SOA mass primarily comprises organosulfates, ∼97% in the Amazon and ∼55% in Southeastern United States. We infer under natural conditions in high isoprene emission regions that preindustrial aerosol sulfate was almost exclusively isoprene-derived organosulfates, which are traditionally thought of as representative of an anthropogenic influence. We further report the first field observations showing that particle acidity correlates positively with 2-methylglyceric acid partitioning to the gas phase and negatively with the ratio of 2-methyltetrols to C5-alkene triols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Yee
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca A Wernis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Suzane S de Sá
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
| | - M Lizabeth Alexander
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brett B Palm
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Douglas A Day
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yingjun Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
| | - Pawel K Misztal
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-020
| | - Juarez Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 69060-001
| | - Antonio Manzi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 69060-001
| | | | - Eric S Edgerton
- Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Karsten Baumann
- Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Grossert JS, Melanson JE, Ramaley L. Fragmentation Pathways of Cationized, Saturated, Short-Chain Triacylglycerols: Lithiated and Sodiated Tripropanoyl- and Trihexanoylglycerol. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:34-46. [PMID: 32881521 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many methods, often depending on tandem mass spectrometry, have been developed for analysis of complex mixtures of triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially in clinical diagnostics and food authentication. Understanding the fragmentation mechanisms of cationized TAGs has proved problematic. To obtain a better understanding of viable mechanisms, detailed studies including double- and triple-stage tandem mass spectrometry were made using electrospray ionization on lithiated and sodiated tripropanoyl- and trihexanoylglycerols. Density functional theory computations, including a functional parameterized for van der Waals interactions, were used to correlate computed energies with mass spectra. Losses of both a neutral salt and a neutral acid corresponding to a glycerol side chain were observed as major product ions in MS2 experiments. Signal intensities at low collision energies correlated well with computed energies. However, an important difference between the lithiated and sodiated ions was the appearance of the sodium cation as a major fragmentation product. Computations on the product ions resulting from the loss of a neutral acid indicated multiple structures for the lithiated ions but mainly a single structure for the sodiated ions. The lithiated product ions could be fragmented further (pseudo-MS3) to give additional structural information, whereas the sodiated ions gave only m/z 23. The longer chain TAG, while giving a much less intense mass spectrum than the shorter chain TAG, gave comparable MS2 and MS3 product ion spectra. Taken together, the spectral and computational work described herein offer a new and detailed pathway for collision-induced fragmentation of lithiated and sodiated saturated TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stuart Grossert
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Jeremy E Melanson
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Louis Ramaley
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4R2
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8
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Xing L, Shrivastava M, Fu TM, Roldin P, Qian Y, Xu L, Ng NL, Shilling J, Zelenyuk A, Cappa CD. Parameterized Yields of Semivolatile Products from Isoprene Oxidation under Different NO x Levels: Impacts of Chemical Aging and Wall-Loss of Reactive Gases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9225-9234. [PMID: 30028598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a parametrizable box model to empirically derive the yields of semivolatile products from VOC oxidation using chamber measurements, while explicitly accounting for the multigenerational chemical aging processes (such as the gas-phase fragmentation and functionalization and aerosol-phase oligomerization and photolysis) under different NO x levels and the loss of particles and gases to chamber walls. Using the oxidation of isoprene as an example, we showed that the assumptions regarding the NO x-sensitive, multigenerational aging processes of VOC oxidation products have large impacts on the parametrized product yields and SOA formation. We derived sets of semivolatile product yields from isoprene oxidation under different NO x levels. However, we stress that these product yields must be used in conjunction with the corresponding multigenerational aging schemes in chemical transport models. As more mechanistic insights regarding SOA formation from VOC oxidation emerge, our box model can be expanded to include more explicit chemical aging processes and help ultimately bridge the gap between the process-based understanding of SOA formation from VOC oxidation and the bulk-yield parametrizations used in chemical transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xing
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Manish Shrivastava
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund , Sweden
| | - Yun Qian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Nga L Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - John Shilling
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Alla Zelenyuk
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Christopher D Cappa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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9
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Chatterjee P, Ghosh AK, Samanta M, Chakraborty T. Barrierless Proton Transfer in the Weak C-H···O Hydrogen Bonded Methacrolein Dimer upon Nonresonant Multiphoton Ionization in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5563-5573. [PMID: 29878781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular proton transfer (IMPT) in a C-H···O hydrogen bonded dimer of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, methacrolein (MC), upon nonresonant multiphoton ionization by 532 nm laser pulses (10 ns), has been investigated using time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry under supersonic cooling condition. The mass peaks corresponding to both the protonated molecular ion [(MC)H+] and intact dimer cation [(MC)2]•+ show up in the mass spectra, and the peak intensity of the former increases proportionately with the latter with betterment of the jet cooling conditions. The observations indicate that [(MC)2]•+ is the likely precursor of (MC)H+ and, on the basis of electronic structure calculations, IMPT in the dimer cation has been shown to be the key reaction for formation of the latter. Laser power dependences of ion yields indicate that at this wavelength the dimer is photoionized by means of 4-photon absorption process, and the total 4-photon energy is nearly the same as the predicted vertical ionization energy of the dimer. Electronic structure calculations reveal that the optimized structures of [(MC)2]•+ correspond to a proton transferred configuration wherein the aldehydic hydrogen is completely shifted to the carbonyl oxygen of the neighboring moiety. Potential energy scans along the C-H···O coordinate also show that the IMPT in [(MC)2]•+ is a barrierless process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Chatterjee
- Department of Physical Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja S C Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Arup K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , Dharmsinh Desai University , Nadiad 387001 , Gujarat , India
| | - Monoj Samanta
- Department of Physical Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja S C Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Tapas Chakraborty
- Department of Physical Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja S C Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
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10
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Xing Y, Li H, Huang L, Wu H, Shen H, Chen Z. The production of formaldehyde and hydroxyacetone in methacrolein photooxidation: New insights into mechanism and effects of water vapor. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 66:1-11. [PMID: 29628075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methacrolein (MACR) is an abundant multifunctional carbonyl compound with high reactivity in the atmosphere. In this study, we investigated the hydroxyl radical initiated oxidation of MACR at various NO/MACR ratios (0 to 4.04) and relative humidities (<3% to 80%) using a flow tube. Meanwhile, a box model based on the Master Chemical Mechanism was performed to test our current understanding of the mechanism. In contrast to the reasonable predictions for hydroxyacetone production, the modeled yields of formaldehyde (HCHO) were twice higher than the experimental results. The discrepancy was ascribed to the existence of unconsidered non-HCHO forming channels in the chemistry of CH3C(CH2)OO, which account for approx. 50%. In addition, the production of hydroxyacetone and HCHO were affected by water vapor as well as the initial NO/MACR ratio. The yields of HCHO were higher under humid conditions than that under dry condition. The yields of hydroxyacetone were higher under humid conditions at low-NOx level, while lower at high-NOx level. The reasonable explanation for the lower hydroxyacetone yield under humid conditions at high-NOx level is that water vapor promotes the production of methacrolein nitrate in the reaction of HOCH2C(CH3)(OO)CHO with NO due to the peroxy radical-water complex formation, which was evidenced by calculational results. And the minimum equilibrium constant of this water complex formation was estimated to be 1.89×10-18cm3/molecule. These results provide new insights into the MACR oxidation mechanism and the effects of water vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hengqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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11
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Wennberg PO, Bates KH, Crounse JD, Dodson LG, McVay RC, Mertens LA, Nguyen TB, Praske E, Schwantes RH, Smarte MD, St Clair JM, Teng AP, Zhang X, Seinfeld JH. Gas-Phase Reactions of Isoprene and Its Major Oxidation Products. Chem Rev 2018. [PMID: 29522327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isoprene carries approximately half of the flux of non-methane volatile organic carbon emitted to the atmosphere by the biosphere. Accurate representation of its oxidation rate and products is essential for quantifying its influence on the abundance of the hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrogen oxide free radicals (NO x), ozone (O3), and, via the formation of highly oxygenated compounds, aerosol. We present a review of recent laboratory and theoretical studies of the oxidation pathways of isoprene initiated by addition of OH, O3, the nitrate radical (NO3), and the chlorine atom. From this review, a recommendation for a nearly complete gas-phase oxidation mechanism of isoprene and its major products is developed. The mechanism is compiled with the aims of providing an accurate representation of the flow of carbon while allowing quantification of the impact of isoprene emissions on HO x and NO x free radical concentrations and of the yields of products known to be involved in condensed-phase processes. Finally, a simplified (reduced) mechanism is developed for use in chemical transport models that retains the essential chemistry required to accurately simulate isoprene oxidation under conditions where it occurs in the atmosphere-above forested regions remote from large NO x emissions.
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12
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Arashiro M, Lin YH, Zhang Z, Sexton KG, Gold A, Jaspers I, Fry RC, Surratt JD. Effect of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene-derived hydroxyhydroperoxides on the expression of oxidative stress response genes in human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:332-339. [PMID: 29292423 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00439g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which comprise a large portion of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), can be formed through various gaseous precursors, including isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX), methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE), and isoprene hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH). The composition of the isoprene-derived SOA affects its reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potential and its ability to alter oxidative stress-related gene expression. In this study we assess effects of isoprene SOA derived solely from ISOPOOH oxidation on human bronchial epithelial cells by measuring the gene expression changes in 84 oxidative stress-related genes. In addition, the thiol reactivity of ISOPOOH-derived SOA was measured through the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Our findings show that ISOPOOH-derived SOA alter more oxidative-stress related genes than IEPOX-derived SOA but not as many as MAE-derived SOA on a mass basis exposure. More importantly, we found that the different types of SOA derived from the various gaseous precursors (MAE, IEPOX, and ISOPOOH) have unique contributions to changes in oxidative stress-related genes that do not total all gene expression changes seen in exposures to atmospherically relevant compositions of total isoprene-derived SOA mixtures. This study suggests that amongst the different types of known isoprene-derived SOA, MAE-derived SOA are the most potent inducer of oxidative stress-related gene changes but highlights the importance of considering isoprene-derived SOA as a total mixture for pollution controls and exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Arashiro
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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13
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Jiang K, Hill DR, Elrod MJ. Assessing the Potential for Oligomer Formation from the Reactions of Lactones in Secondary Organic Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:292-302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kallie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074 United States
| | - Daniel R. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074 United States
| | - Matthew J. Elrod
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074 United States
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14
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Slanina T, Šebej P. Visible-light-activated photoCORMs: rational design of CO-releasing organic molecules absorbing in the tissue-transparent window. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:692-710. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of visible-light-activatable transition-metal-free CO-releasing molecules with an emphasis on mechanistic details of the CO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Slanina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Goethe-University Frankfurt
- 60438 Frankfurt
- Germany
| | - Peter Šebej
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment
- Faculty of Science
- Masaryk University
- 625 00 Brno
- Czech Republic
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15
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Lin YH, Arashiro M, Clapp PW, Cui T, Sexton KG, Vizuete W, Gold A, Jaspers I, Fry RC, Surratt JD. Gene Expression Profiling in Human Lung Cells Exposed to Isoprene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8166-8175. [PMID: 28636383 PMCID: PMC5610912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from the photochemical oxidation of isoprene contributes a substantial mass fraction to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The formation of isoprene SOA is influenced largely by anthropogenic emissions through multiphase chemistry of its multigenerational oxidation products. Considering the abundance of isoprene SOA in the troposphere, understanding mechanisms of adverse health effects through inhalation exposure is critical to mitigating its potential impact on public health. In this study, we assessed the effects of isoprene SOA on gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) through an air-liquid interface exposure. Gene expression profiling of 84 oxidative stress and 249 inflammation-associated human genes was performed. Our results show that the expression levels of 29 genes were significantly altered upon isoprene SOA exposure under noncytotoxic conditions (p < 0.05), with the majority (22/29) of genes passing a false discovery rate threshold of 0.3. The most significantly affected genes belong to the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor network. The Nrf2 function is confirmed through a reporter cell line. Together with detailed characterization of SOA constituents, this study reveals the impact of isoprene SOA exposure on lung responses and highlights the importance of further understanding its potential health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Maiko Arashiro
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Phillip W. Clapp
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kenneth G. Sexton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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16
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Cash JM, Heal MR, Langford B, Drewer J. A review of stereochemical implications in the generation of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1369-1380. [PMID: 27762408 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric reactions leading to the generation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the oxidation of isoprene are generally assumed to produce only racemic mixtures, but aspects of the chemical reactions suggest this may not be the case. In this review, the stereochemical outcomes of published isoprene-degradation mechanisms contributing to high amounts of SOA are evaluated. Despite evidence suggesting isoprene first-generation oxidation products do not contribute to SOA directly, this review suggests the stereochemistry of first-generation products may be important because their stereochemical configurations may be retained through to the second-generation products which form SOA. Specifically, due to the stereochemistry of epoxide ring-opening mechanisms, the outcome of the reactions involving epoxydiols of isoprene (IEPOX), methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE) and hydroxymethylmethyl-α-lactone (HMML) are, in principle, stereospecific which indicates the stereochemistry is predefined from first-generation precursors. The products from these three epoxide intermediates oligomerise to form macromolecules which are proposed to form chiral structures within the aerosol and are considered to be the largest contributors to SOA. If conditions in the atmosphere such as pH, aerosol water content, relative humidity, pre-existing aerosol, aerosol coatings and aerosol cation/anion content (and other) variables acting on the reactions leading to SOA affect the tacticity (arrangement of chiral centres) in the SOA then they may influence its physical properties, for example its hygroscopicity. Chamber studies of SOA formation from isoprene encompass particular sets of controlled conditions of these variables. It may therefore be important to consider stereochemistry when upscaling from chamber study data to predictions of SOA yields across the range of ambient atmospheric conditions. Experiments analysing the stereochemistry of the reactions under varying conditions of the above variables would help elucidate whether there is stereoselectivity in SOA formation from isoprene and if the rates of SOA formation are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Cash
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK. and School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Mathew R Heal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Ben Langford
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Julia Drewer
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK.
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17
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Wenthold PG, Koirala D, Somogyi A, Poutsma JC. Infrared spectroscopic confirmation of α-lactone formation in the dissociation of a gaseous amino acid. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Wenthold
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Damodar Koirala
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Arpad Somogyi
- Campus Chemical Instrumentation Center, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory; The Ohio State University; 460 West 12th Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - J. C. Poutsma
- The College of William and Mary; Williamsburg VA 23187 USA
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18
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da Silva G. Decomposition of Pyruvic Acid on the Ground-State Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:276-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel da Silva
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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19
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Kroll JH, Lim CY, Kessler SH, Wilson KR. Heterogeneous Oxidation of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol: Kinetics of Changes to the Amount and Oxidation State of Particle-Phase Organic Carbon. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10767-83. [PMID: 26381466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidation reactions are known to affect the chemical composition of organic aerosol (OA) particles over timescales of several days, but the details of such oxidative aging reactions are poorly understood. In this study we examine the rates and products of a key class of aging reaction, the heterogeneous oxidation of particle-phase organic species by the gas-phase hydroxyl radical (OH). We compile and reanalyze a number of previous studies from our laboratories involving the oxidation of single-component organic particles. All kinetic and product data are described on a common basis, enabling a straightforward comparison among different chemical systems and experimental conditions. Oxidation chemistry is described in terms of changes to key ensemble properties of the OA, rather than to its detailed molecular composition, focusing on two quantities in particular, the amount and the oxidation state of the particle-phase carbon. Heterogeneous oxidation increases the oxidation state of particulate carbon, with the rate of increase determined by the detailed chemical mechanism. At the same time, the amount of particle-phase carbon decreases with oxidation, due to fragmentation (C-C scission) reactions that form small, volatile products that escape to the gas phase. In contrast to the oxidation state increase, the rate of carbon loss is nearly uniform among most systems studied. Extrapolation of these results to atmospheric conditions indicates that heterogeneous oxidation can have a substantial effect on the amount and composition of atmospheric OA over timescales of several days, a prediction that is broadly in line with available measurements of OA evolution over such long timescales. In particular, 3-13% of particle-phase carbon is lost to the gas phase after one week of heterogeneous oxidation. Our results indicate that oxidative aging represents an important sink for particulate organic carbon, and more generally that fragmentation reactions play a major role in the lifecycle of atmospheric OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Krechmer JE, Coggon MM, Massoli P, Nguyen TB, Crounse JD, Hu W, Day DA, Tyndall GS, Henze DK, Rivera-Rios JC, Nowak JB, Kimmel JR, Mauldin RL, Stark H, Jayne JT, Sipilä M, Junninen H, Clair JMS, Zhang X, Feiner PA, Zhang L, Miller DO, Brune WH, Keutsch FN, Wennberg PO, Seinfeld JH, Worsnop DR, Jimenez JL, Canagaratna MR. Formation of Low Volatility Organic Compounds and Secondary Organic Aerosol from Isoprene Hydroxyhydroperoxide Low-NO Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10330-10339. [PMID: 26207427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase low volatility organic compounds (LVOC), produced from oxidation of isoprene 4-hydroxy-3-hydroperoxide (4,3-ISOPOOH) under low-NO conditions, were observed during the FIXCIT chamber study. Decreases in LVOC directly correspond to appearance and growth in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) of consistent elemental composition, indicating that LVOC condense (at OA below 1 μg m(-3)). This represents the first simultaneous measurement of condensing low volatility species from isoprene oxidation in both the gas and particle phases. The SOA formation in this study is separate from previously described isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) uptake. Assigning all condensing LVOC signals to 4,3-ISOPOOH oxidation in the chamber study implies a wall-loss corrected non-IEPOX SOA mass yield of ∼4%. By contrast to monoterpene oxidation, in which extremely low volatility VOC (ELVOC) constitute the organic aerosol, in the isoprene system LVOC with saturation concentrations from 10(-2) to 10 μg m(-3) are the main constituents. These LVOC may be important for the growth of nanoparticles in environments with low OA concentrations. LVOC observed in the chamber were also observed in the atmosphere during SOAS-2013 in the Southeastern United States, with the expected diurnal cycle. This previously uncharacterized aerosol formation pathway could account for ∼5.0 Tg yr(-1) of SOA production, or 3.3% of global SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Krechmer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew M Coggon
- Divisions of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Paola Massoli
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research , Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Tran B Nguyen
- Divisions of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Douglas A Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Geoffrey S Tyndall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research , Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jean C Rivera-Rios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John B Nowak
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research , Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Joel R Kimmel
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research , Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- Tofwerk, AG, CH-3600, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Roy L Mauldin
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Harald Stark
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research , Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - John T Jayne
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research , Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason M St Clair
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Divisions of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Philip A Feiner
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - David O Miller
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - William H Brune
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Frank N Keutsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Divisions of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research , Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Manjula R Canagaratna
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research , Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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21
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Koirala D, Kodithuwakkuge SR, Wenthold PG. Mass spectrometric study of the decomposition pathways of canonical amino acids and α-lactones in the gas phase. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damodar Koirala
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| | | | - Paul G. Wenthold
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
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22
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Nguyen TB, Bates KH, Crounse JD, Schwantes RH, Zhang X, Kjaergaard HG, Surratt JD, Lin P, Laskin A, Seinfeld JH, Wennberg PO. Mechanism of the hydroxyl radical oxidation of methacryloyl peroxynitrate (MPAN) and its pathway toward secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17914-26. [PMID: 26095764 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02001h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methacryloyl peroxynitrate (MPAN), the acyl peroxynitrate of methacrolein, has been suggested to be an important secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursor from isoprene oxidation. Yet, the mechanism by which MPAN produces SOA through reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH) is unclear. We systematically evaluate three proposed mechanisms in controlled chamber experiments and provide the first experimental support for the theoretically-predicted lactone formation pathway from the MPAN + OH reaction, producing hydroxymethyl-methyl-α-lactone (HMML). The decomposition of the MPAN-OH adduct yields HMML + NO3 (∼75%) and hydroxyacetone + CO + NO3 (∼25%), out-competing its reaction with atmospheric oxygen. The production of other proposed SOA precursors, e.g., methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE), from MPAN and methacrolein are negligible (<2%). Furthermore, we show that the beta-alkenyl moiety of MPAN is critical for lactone formation. Alkyl radicals formed cold via H-abstraction by OH do not decompose to HMML, even if they are structurally identical to the MPAN-OH adduct. The SOA formation from HMML, from polyaddition of the lactone to organic compounds at the particle interface or in the condensed phase, is close to unity under dry conditions. However, the SOA yield is sensitive to particle liquid water and solvated ions. In hydrated inorganic particles, HMML reacts primarily with H2O to produce the monomeric 2-methylglyceric acid (2MGA) or with aqueous sulfate and nitrate to produce the associated organosulfate and organonitrate, respectively. 2MGA, a tracer for isoprene SOA, is semivolatile and its accommodation in aerosol water decreases with decreasing pH. Conditions that enhance the production of neutral 2MGA suppress SOA mass from the HMML channel. Considering the liquid water content and pH ranges of ambient particles, 2MGA will exist largely as a gaseous compound in some parts of the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran B Nguyen
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
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23
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Xu L, Kollman MS, Song C, Shilling JE, Ng NL. Effects of NOx on the volatility of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene photooxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2253-62. [PMID: 24471688 DOI: 10.1021/es404842g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of NOx on the volatility of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from isoprene photooxidation are investigated in environmental chamber experiments. Two types of experiments are performed. In HO2-dominant experiments, organic peroxy radicals (RO2) primarily react with HO2. In mixed experiments, RO2 reacts through multiple pathways, including with NO, NO2, and HO2. The volatility and oxidation state of isoprene SOA are sensitive to and exhibit a nonlinear dependence on NOx levels. Depending on the NOx levels, the SOA formed in mixed experiments can be of similar or lower volatility compared to that formed in HO2-dominant experiments. The dependence of SOA yield, volatility, and oxidation state on the NOx level likely arises from gas-phase RO2 chemistry and succeeding particle-phase oligomerization reactions. The NOx level also plays a strong role in SOA aging. While the volatility of SOA in mixed experiments does not change substantially over time, SOA becomes less volatile and more oxidized as oxidation progresses in HO2-dominant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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24
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Pye HOT, Pinder RW, Piletic IR, Xie Y, Capps SL, Lin YH, Surratt JD, Zhang Z, Gold A, Luecken DJ, Hutzell WT, Jaoui M, Offenberg JH, Kleindienst TE, Lewandowski M, Edney EO. Epoxide pathways improve model predictions of isoprene markers and reveal key role of acidity in aerosol formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:11056-64. [PMID: 24024583 DOI: 10.1021/es402106h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene significantly contributes to organic aerosol in the southeastern United States where biogenic hydrocarbons mix with anthropogenic emissions. In this work, the Community Multiscale Air Quality model is updated to predict isoprene aerosol from epoxides produced under both high- and low-NOx conditions. The new aqueous aerosol pathways allow for explicit predictions of two key isoprene-derived species, 2-methyltetrols and 2-methylglyceric acid, that are more consistent with observations than estimates based on semivolatile partitioning. The new mechanism represents a significant source of organic carbon in the lower 2 km of the atmosphere and captures the abundance of 2-methyltetrols relative to organosulfates during the simulation period. For the parametrization considered here, a 25% reduction in SOx emissions effectively reduces isoprene aerosol, while a similar reduction in NOx leads to small increases in isoprene aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havala O T Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 United States
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Lin YH, Zhang H, Pye HOT, Zhang Z, Marth WJ, Park S, Arashiro M, Cui T, Budisulistiorini SH, Sexton KG, Vizuete W, Xie Y, Luecken DJ, Piletic IR, Edney EO, Bartolotti LJ, Gold A, Surratt JD. Epoxide as a precursor to secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6718-23. [PMID: 23553832 PMCID: PMC3637755 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221150110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene is a substantial contributor to the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) burden, with implications for public health and the climate system. The mechanism by which isoprene-derived SOA is formed and the influence of environmental conditions, however, remain unclear. We present evidence from controlled smog chamber experiments and field measurements that in the presence of high levels of nitrogen oxides (NO(x) = NO + NO2) typical of urban atmospheres, 2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylic acid (methacrylic acid epoxide, MAE) is a precursor to known isoprene-derived SOA tracers, and ultimately to SOA. We propose that MAE arises from decomposition of the OH adduct of methacryloylperoxynitrate (MPAN). This hypothesis is supported by the similarity of SOA constituents derived from MAE to those from photooxidation of isoprene, methacrolein, and MPAN under high-NOx conditions. Strong support is further derived from computational chemistry calculations and Community Multiscale Air Quality model simulations, yielding predictions consistent with field observations. Field measurements taken in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, considered along with the modeling results indicate the atmospheric significance and relevance of MAE chemistry across the United States, especially in urban areas heavily impacted by isoprene emissions. Identification of MAE implies a major role of atmospheric epoxides in forming SOA from isoprene photooxidation. Updating current atmospheric modeling frameworks with MAE chemistry could improve the way that SOA has been attributed to isoprene based on ambient tracer measurements, and lead to SOA parameterizations that better capture the dependency of yield on NO(x).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; and
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Wendy J. Marth
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Sarah Park
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Maiko Arashiro
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kenneth G. Sexton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - William Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ying Xie
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; and
| | - Deborah J. Luecken
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; and
| | - Ivan R. Piletic
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; and
| | - Edward O. Edney
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; and
| | | | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Ghosh AK, Chattopadhyay A, Mukhopadhyay A, Chakraborty T. Isomeric effects on fragmentations of crotonaldehyde and methacrolein in low-energy electron–molecule collisions. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Crounse JD, Knap HC, Ørnsø KB, Jørgensen S, Paulot F, Kjaergaard HG, Wennberg PO. Atmospheric Fate of Methacrolein. 1. Peroxy Radical Isomerization Following Addition of OH and O2. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5756-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211560u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological
and Planetary
Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hasse C. Knap
- Department of Chemistry,
DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian B. Ørnsø
- Department of Chemistry,
DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Solvejg Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry,
DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabien Paulot
- Division
of Engineering and Applied
Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry,
DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul O. Wennberg
- Division of Geological
and Planetary
Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division
of Engineering and Applied
Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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