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Yu Q, Chi Y, Chi Y. Interventional effect of compound sugar and salt on the thermal instability behavior of liquid egg yolk. J Food Sci 2023; 88:5108-5121. [PMID: 37889108 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of compound sugar (glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and arabinose) and compound sugar and salt (glucose, sucrose, trehalose, arabinose, and NaCl) on the thermal stability of heat-treated liquid egg yolk was explored. The results showed that the addition of 4% compound sugar or 4% compound sugar salt could significantly enhance the heat resistance of liquid egg yolk and increase the denaturation temperature of liquid egg yolk to above 77°C. Moreover, the addition of sugar and salt could improve the functional properties of liquid egg yolk to varying degrees, allowing it to maintain excellent emulsification and soluble protein content after heat treatment. Further analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the increase in α-helix content in liquid egg yolk treated with sugar salt also contributes to improving the thermal stability of egg yolk. The method of inhibiting egg yolk aggregation caused by heat treatment provided in this study provides a selective method and theoretical basis for the commercial production of heat-resistant liquid egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yujie Chi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuan Chi
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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2
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Lao Y, Ye Q, Wang Y, Vongsvivut J, Selomulya C. Quantifying the effects of pre-roasting on structural and functional properties of yellow pea proteins. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113180. [PMID: 37689931 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Roasting could modify the protein structure/conformation, contributing to changes in functional properties. Here we investigated the effects of pre-roasting on the extraction efficiency, structural and functional properties of pea protein concentrates and isolates (PPC and PPI) produced from yellow split peas. The shorter roasting times (150 °C, 10 and 20 min) had little effect on protein yields and could increase the solubility of PPC or PPI by ∼ 12% at pH 7 and enhance the solubility of PPI by ∼ 12% (10-min roasting) and ∼ 24% (20-min roasting) at pH 3. However, a longer duration of pre-roasting (150 °C, 30 min) significantly reduced the extraction efficiency of PPC and PPI by ∼ 30% and ∼ 61%, respectively. Meanwhile, pre-roasting had minor effects on SDS-PAGE profiles and the secondary structures of pea proteins but significantly altered tertiary structures by reducing free sulfhydryl groups, increasing disulfide bonds and surface hydrophobicity. As for the emulsifying properties, pre-roasting improved the emulsion ability index (EAI) of PPC and PPI but decreased the emulsion stability index (ESI) of PPC and had no significant effect on PPI. Moreover, PPC and PPI with shorter pre-roasting duration (10 and 20 min) had endothermic peaks and showed a slight decrease in the denaturation temperature (Td) and the onset temperature (To), respectively. Overall, the study demonstrated that controlled pre-roasting at 150 °C for 10 min and 20 min altered protein structures (mainly tertiary structures), improving the solubility and EAI of pea proteins at pH 7, while retaining their thermal properties in comparison to unroasted samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lao
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Qianyu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Cordelia Selomulya
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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3
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Godefroidt T, Riley IM, Ooms N, Bosmans GM, Brijs K, Delcour JA. Sucrose substitution in cake systems is not a piece of cake. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:52. [PMID: 37758781 PMCID: PMC10533539 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful sucrose replacement in cake systems requires thorough understanding of its functionality. Time-domain 1H NMR showed that water in the viscous aqueous phase isolated from cake batter by ultracentrifugation [i.e. the batter liquor (BL)] exhibits low mobility by its low T2 relaxation time (T2,D RT). This is due to its interactions with sucrose or sucrose replacers. The T2,D RT itself is positively related with the effective volumetric hydrogen bond density of sucrose or sucrose replacers. Sucrose additionally co-determines the quantity and viscosity of cake BL and thereby how much air the batter contains at the end of mixing. Like sucrose, maltitol and oligofructose provide adequate volumes of BL with low water mobility and thus sufficient air in the batter, while the rather insoluble mannitol and inulin do not. Differential scanning calorimetry and rapid viscosity analysis revealed, however, that, in contrast to sucrose and maltitol, oligofructose fails to provide appropriate timings of starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation, resulting in poor cake texture. The shortcomings of mannitol and oligofructose in terms of respectively ensuring appropriate gas content in batter and biopolymer transitions during baking can be overcome by using mixtures thereof. This work shows that successful sucrose substitutes or substitute mixtures must provide sufficient BL with low water mobility and ensure appropriate timings of starch and protein biopolymer transitions during baking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Godefroidt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabella M Riley
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nand Ooms
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kristof Brijs
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Heterologous Expression of Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) in Escherichia coli: N-Terminal Modification, Expression, Isolation, Purification, and Reconstitution. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12010017. [PMID: 36810444 PMCID: PMC9944785 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play important roles in metabolising endogenous and xenobiotic substances. Characterisations of human CYP proteins have been advanced with the rapid development of molecular technology that allows heterologous expression of human CYPs. Among several hosts, bacteria systems such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) have been widely used thanks to their ease of use, high level of protein yields, and affordable maintenance costs. However, the levels of expression in E. coli reported in the literature sometimes differ significantly. This paper aims to review several contributing factors, including N-terminal modifications, co-expression with a chaperon, selections of vectors and E. coli strains, bacteria culture and protein expression conditions, bacteria membrane preparations, CYP protein solubilizations, CYP protein purifications, and reconstitution of CYP catalytic systems. The common factors that would most likely lead to high expression of CYPs were identified and summarised. Nevertheless, each factor may still require careful evaluation for individual CYP isoforms to achieve a maximal expression level and catalytic activity. Recombinant E. coli systems have been evidenced as a useful tool in obtaining the ideal level of human CYP proteins, which ultimately allows for subsequent characterisations of structures and functions.
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Naidu KT, Prabhu NP. Polyols, increasing global stability of cytochrome c, destabilize the thermal unfolding intermediate. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11216-11228. [PMID: 34308796 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1956593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the intermediate states of proteins provide essential information on folding pathway and energy landscape of proteins. Osmolytes, known to alter the stability of proteins, might also affect the structure and energy states of folding intermediates. This was examined using cytochrome c (Cyt) as a model protein which forms a spectroscopically detectable intermediate during thermal denaturation transition. Most of the secondary structure and the native heme-ligation were intact in the intermediate state of the protein. Denaturants, urea and guanidinium hydrochloride, and ionic salt destabilizes the intermediate and drive the protein to follow two-state transition. The effect of polyol class of osmolytes, glycol, glycerol, erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol (with OH-groups two to six), on the intermediate was studied using Soret absorbance and far-UV circular dichroism. With the increasing concentration of any of the polyols, the transition-midpoint temperature (Tm) and the enthalpy change (ΔH) for native to intermediate transition were decreased. This indicated that the intermediate was destabilized by the polyols. However, the polyols increased the overall stability of the protein by increasing Tm and ΔH for intermediate to unfolded transition, except for glycol which destabilized the protein. These results show that the polyols could alter the energy state of the intermediate, and the effect of lower and higher polyols might be different on the stability and folding pathway of the protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tejaswi Naidu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - N Prakash Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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6
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Richu, Sharmhal A, Kumar A, Kumar A. Insights into the applications and prospects of ionic liquids towards the chemistry of biomolecules. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Ahmad A, Mishra R. Polyol and sugar osmolytes stabilize the molten globule state of α-lactalbumin and inhibit amyloid fibril formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140853. [PMID: 36096464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are associated with several human diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, prion related disorders, type-II diabetes, etc. Different strategies using molecular chaperones, synthetic and naturally occurring small molecules, osmolytes, etc. have been used to prevent protein aggregation and amyloid fibril formation. In this study, we have used bovine α-lactalbumin at pH 1.6, 37 °C, and shaking conditions to promote amyloid fibril formation. Polyol and sugar osmolytes like glycerol, sorbitol, and trehalose have been used to inhibit the fibrillation of a number of proteins. In the present work, amyloid fibril formation of α-lactalbumin has been shown by ThT assay and AFM, while changes in the secondary structure during fibrillation has been followed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Our results show that glycerol, sorbitol, and trehalose affect amyloid fibril formation of α-lactalbumin in a concentration-dependent manner. There is a delay in the lag phase of amyloid fibril formation in sorbitol and trehalose and complete inhibition in 6 M glycerol. Our results indicate that delay in the lag phase and inhibition of amyloid fibril formation are due to the stabilization of molten globule state by these osmolytes. At pH 1.6, the molten globule as well as the amyloid fibrils bind to ANS. However, when pH was shifted from 1.6 to 7, only the oligomeric and the fibrillar species bind to ANS due to refolding of molten globule state. The outcome of this study might be useful in designing small molecules which may stabilize the intermediate states, thus preventing amyloid fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajesh Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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8
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Cheah KM, Jun JV, Wittrup KD, Raines RT. Host-Guest Complexation by β-Cyclodextrin Enhances the Solubility of an Esterified Protein. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3869-3876. [PMID: 36036888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The carboxyl groups of a protein can be esterified by reaction with a diazo compound, 2-diazo-2-(p-methylphenyl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide. This esterification enables the entry of the protein into the cytosol of a mammalian cell, where the nascent ester groups are hydrolyzed by endogenous esterases. The low aqueous solubility of the ensuing esterified protein is, however, a major practical challenge. Solubility screening revealed that β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is an optimal solubilizing agent for esterified green fluorescent protein (est-GFP). Its addition can increase the recovery of est-GFP by 10-fold. α-CD, γ-CD, and cucurbit-7-uril are less effective excipients. 1H NMR titration experiments revealed that β-CD encapsulates the hydrophobic tolyl group of ester conjugates with Ka = 321 M-1. Combining l-arginine and sucrose with β-CD enables the nearly quantitative recovery of est-GFP. Thus, the insolubility of esterified proteins can be overcome with excipients.
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9
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Jamal MA, Ahmad Sajid T, Saeed M, Naseem B, Muneer M. Explication of molecular interactions between leucine and pharmaceutical active ionic liquid in an aqueous system: Volumetric and acoustic studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Mandalaparthy V, Noid WG. A simple theory for interfacial properties of dilute solutions. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:034703. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0098579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that cosolute mixtures may exert significant non-additive effects upon protein stability. The corresponding liquid–vapor interfaces may provide useful insight into these non-additive effects. Accordingly, in this work, we relate the interfacial properties of dilute multicomponent solutions to the interactions between solutes. We first derive a simple model for the surface excess of solutes in terms of thermodynamic observables. We then develop a lattice-based statistical mechanical perturbation theory to derive these observables from microscopic interactions. Rather than adopting a random mixing approximation, this dilute solution theory (DST) exactly treats solute–solute interactions to lowest order in perturbation theory. Although it cannot treat concentrated solutions, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations demonstrate that DST describes the interactions in dilute solutions with much greater accuracy than regular solution theory. Importantly, DST emphasizes a fundamental distinction between the “intrinsic” and “effective” preferences of solutes for interfaces. DST predicts that three classes of solutes can be distinguished by their intrinsic preference for interfaces. While the surface preference of strong depletants is relatively insensitive to interactions, the surface preference of strong surfactants can be modulated by interactions at the interface. Moreover, DST predicts that the surface preference of weak depletants and weak surfactants can be qualitatively inverted by interactions in the bulk. We also demonstrate that DST can be extended to treat surface polarization effects and to model experimental data. MC simulations validate the accuracy of DST predictions for lattice systems that correspond to molar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Mandalaparthy
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - W. G. Noid
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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11
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Ali F, Manzoor U, Khan FI, Lai D, Khan MKA, Chandrashekharaiah KS, Singh LR, Dar TA. Effect of polyol osmolytes on the structure-function integrity and aggregation propensity of catalase: A comprehensive study based on spectroscopic and molecular dynamic simulation measurements. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:198-210. [PMID: 35395280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the ability of catalase to function under oxidative stress vis-à-vis its industrial importance, the structure-function integrity of the enzyme is of prime concern. In the present study, polyols (glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose, xylitol), were evaluated for their ability to modulate structure, activity and aggregation of catalase using in vitro and in silico approaches. All polyols increased catalase activity by decreasing Km and increasing Vmax resulting in enhanced catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the enzyme, with glycerol being the most efficient with a kcat/Km increase from 4.38 × 104 mM-1 S-1 (control) to 5.8 × 105 mM-1 S-1. Correlatively with this, enhanced secondary structure with reduced hydrophobic exposure was observed in all polyols. Furthermore, increased stability, with an increase in melting temperature by 15.2 °C, and almost no aggregation was observed in glycerol. Overall, ability to regulate structure-function integrity and aggregation propensity was highest for glycerol and lowest for xylitol. Simulation studies were performed involving structural dynamics measurements, principal component analysis and free energy landscape analysis. Altogether, all polyols were stabilizing in nature and glycerol, in particular, has potential to efficiently prevent not only the antioxidant defense system but also might serve as a stability aid during industrial processing of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Ali
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Kaveri Campus, Mangalore University, Karnataka 571232, India
| | - Usma Manzoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faez Iqbal Khan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dakun Lai
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Md Khurshid A Khan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai 600 048, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K S Chandrashekharaiah
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Kaveri Campus, Mangalore University, Karnataka 571232, India
| | | | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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12
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The Study of Protein-Cyclitol Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062940. [PMID: 35328362 PMCID: PMC8952220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of interactions between the target protein molecule and ligand allows for an understanding of the nature of the molecular recognition, functions, and biological activity of protein–ligand complexation. In the present work, non-specific interactions between a model protein (Bovine Serum Albumin) and four cyclitols were investigated. D-sorbitol and adonitol represent the group of linear-structure cyclitols, while shikimic acid and D-(–)-quinic acid have cyclic-structure molecules. Various analytical methods, including chromatographic analysis (HPLC-MS/MS), electrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE), spectroscopic analysis (spectrofluorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), were applied for the description of protein–cyclitol interactions. Additionally, computational calculations were performed to predict the possible binding places. Kinetic studies allowed us to clarify interaction mechanisms that may take place during BSA and cyclitol interaction. The results allow us, among other things, to evaluate the impact of the cyclitol’s structure on the character of its interactions with the protein.
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Tejaswi Naidu K, Prakash Prabhu N. An able-cryoprotectant and a moderate denaturant: distinctive character of ethylene glycol on protein stability. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:820-832. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1819422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Tejaswi Naidu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - N. Prakash Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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14
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Romero CM, Abella JS, Beltrán YA. Influence of salts on the surface behavior of α-chymotrypsinogen A in aqueous solutions at 298.15 K. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Ahmad A, Mishra R. Differential effect of polyol and sugar osmolytes on the refolding of homologous alpha amylases: A comparative study. Biophys Chem 2021; 281:106733. [PMID: 34864226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyol and sugar osmolytes are known to enhance the stability of proteins, however, their role in assisting protein folding is not well understood. We asked whether these osmolytes have the same effect during refolding of a pair of thermophilic and mesophilic proteins. Herein, we have chosen α-amylases from Bacillus licheniformis (BLA) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BAA) as thermophilic like and mesophilic counterparts respectively, having similar structures but differing thermostability. The effect of a series of polyols with varying number of -OH groups from 2 to 6 (Ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol) and sugars (trehalose and sucrose) has been studied on the refolding of BLA and BAA. Our study demonstrates that glycerol, sorbitol and trehalose are the efficient cosolvents for BAA refolding, while comparatively less effective for BLA. Urea induced destabilization of BLA and BAA is differently compensated by polyol and sugar osmolytes during refolding. This suggests that the early species formed during BLA and BAA refolding are differently susceptible towards urea, indicating differential nature of their refolding pathways. Addition of trehalose at different times during refolding showed that the presence of trehalose is essential at the early stages of refolding. It is one of the first systematic study wherein the comparative effect of polyol and sugar assisted refolding of thermophilic and mesophilic protein has been carried out. The study highlights the differential effect of protein-osmolyte interactions during refolding of thermophilic and mesophilic proteins which may have implications in protein formulations, refolding and inhibition of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajesh Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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16
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Kalra S, Dhamannapatil P, Panda S, Singh S, Sarwalia P, Mohanty AK, Datta TK, Kaushik JK. Recombinant expression and molecular characterization of buffalo sperm lysozyme-like protein 1. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 190:105993. [PMID: 34656738 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several sperm lysozyme-like genes evolved from lysozyme by successive duplications and mutations; however their functional role in the reproduction of farm animals is not well understood. To understand the function and molecular properties of buffalo sperm lysozyme-like protein 1 (buSLLP1), it was expressed in E. coli; however, it partitioned to inclusion bodies. Lowering of temperature and inducer concentration did not help in the recovery of the expressed protein in the biologically active form. Therefore, buSLLP1 was cloned and expressed in Pichiapink system based on auxotrophic Pichia pastoris in a labscale fermenter. The expressed protein was obtained in flow-through by using a 30 kDa ultrafiltration membrane followed by MonoQ anion exchange chromatography, resulting in a homogenous preparation of 40 mg recombinant buSLLP1 per liter of initial spent culture-supernatant. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that recombinant buSLLP1 possessed a native-like secondary structure. The recombinant buSLLP1 also showed thermal denaturation profile typical of folded globular proteins; however, the thermal stability was lower than the hen egg white lysozyme. Binding of buSLLP1 to chitin and zona pellucida of buffalo oocytes showed that the recombinant buSLLP1 possessed a competent binding pocket, therefore, the produced protein could be used to study its functional role in the reproduction of farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Kalra
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Prakash Dhamannapatil
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Santanu Panda
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Parul Sarwalia
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Tirtha Kumar Datta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Jai Kumar Kaushik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India.
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17
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Meena P, Kishore N. Ionic strength modulated interactions of sorbitol with lysozyme and amino acids: Quantitative understanding in protein stabilizing effects. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Enzyme activation by water-mimicking dual-functionalized ionic liquids. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Ahmad Sajid T, Jamal MA, Saeed M, Atta-ul-Haq, Muneer M. Elucidation of molecular interactions between amino acid and imidazolium based ionic liquid in an aqueous system: Volumetric and acoustic studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Abboud J, Green SR, Smolinski MB, Storey KB. Regulation of an important glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, through phosphorylation in the larvae of a species of freeze-tolerant insect, Eurosta solidaginis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:176-187. [PMID: 33280175 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, rely on a freeze tolerance strategy to survive the sub-zero temperatures of Canadian winter. Critical to their survival is the accumulation of polyol cryoprotectants and global metabolic rate depression, both of which require the regulation of glycolysis and reorganization of carbohydrate metabolism. This study explored the role that pyruvate kinase (PK) regulation plays in this metabolic reorganization. PK was purified from control (5 °C-acclimated) and frozen (-15 °C-acclimated) larvae and enzyme kinetic properties, structural stability, and post-translational modifications were examined in both enzyme forms. The Km phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) of frozen PK was 20% higher than that of control PK, whereas the Vmax of frozen PK was up to 50% lower than that of control PK at the lowest assay temperature, suggesting inhibition of the enzyme during the winter. Additionally, the activity and substrate affinity of both forms of PK decreased significantly at low assay temperatures, and both forms were regulated allosterically by a number of metabolites. Pro-Q™ Diamond phosphoprotein staining and immunoblotting experiments demonstrated significantly higher threonine phosphorylation of PK from frozen animals while acetylation and methylation levels remained constant. Together, these results indicate that PK exists in two structurally distinct forms in E. solidaginis. In response to conditions mimicking the transition to winter, PK appears to be regulated to support metabolic rate depression, the accumulation of polyol cryoprotectants, and the need for extended periods of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism to allow the animal to survive whole-body freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abboud
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S R Green
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M B Smolinski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Sharma GS, Krishna S, Khan S, Dar TA, Khan KA, Singh LR. Protecting thermodynamic stability of protein: The basic paradigm against stress and unfolded protein response by osmolytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:229-240. [PMID: 33607142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic osmolytes are known to play important role in stress protection by stabilizing macromolecules and suppressing harmful effects on functional activity. There is existence of several reports in the literature regarding their effects on structural, functional and thermodynamic aspects of many enzymes and the interaction parameters with proteins have been explored. Osmolytes are compatible with enzyme function and therefore, can be accumulated up to several millimolar concentrations. From the thermodynamic point of view, osmolyte raises mid-point of thermal denaturation (Tm) of proteins while having no significant effect on ΔGD° (free energy change at physiological condition). Unfavorable interaction with the peptide backbone due to preferential hydration is the major driving force for folding of unfolded polypeptide in presence of osmolyte. However, the thermodynamic basis of stress protection and origin of compatibility paradigm has been a debatable issue. In the present manuscript, we attempt to elaborate the origin of stress protection and compatibility paradigm of osmolytes based on the effect on thermodynamic stability of proteins. We also infer that protective effects of osmolytes on ΔGD° (of proteins) could also indicate its potential involvement in unfolded protein response and overall stress biology on macromolecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurumayum Suraj Sharma
- Department of Botany, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Snigdha Krishna
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sheeza Khan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Tanveer A Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Khurshid A Khan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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22
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Naidu KT, Rao DK, Prabhu NP. Cryo vs Thermo: Duality of Ethylene Glycol on the Stability of Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10077-10088. [PMID: 33143422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osmolytes are known to stabilize proteins under stress conditions. Thermal denaturation studies on globular proteins (β-lactoglobulin, cytochrome c, myoglobin, α-chymotrypsin) in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG), a polyol class of osmolyte, demonstrate a unique property of EG. EG stabilizes proteins against cold denaturation and destabilizes them during heat-induced denaturation. Further, chemical denaturation experiments performed at room temperature and at a sub-zero temperature (-10 °C) show that EG stabilizes the proteins at subzero temperature but destabilizes them at room temperature. The experiments carried out in the presence of glycerol, however, showed that glycerol stabilizes proteins against all of the denaturing conditions. This differential effect has not been reported for any other polyol class of osmolyte and might be specific to EG. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations of all of the four proteins were carried out at three different temperatures, 240, 300, and 340 K, in the absence and presence of EG (20 and 40%). The results suggest that EG preferably accumulates around the hydrophobic residues and reduces the hydrophobic hydration of the proteins at a low temperature leading to stabilization of the proteins. At 340 K, the preferential hydration of the proteins is significantly reduced and the preferential binding of EG destabilizes the proteins like common denaturants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tejaswi Naidu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - D Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - N Prakash Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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23
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Zhao H. What do we learn from enzyme behaviors in organic solvents? - Structural functionalization of ionic liquids for enzyme activation and stabilization. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107638. [PMID: 33002582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme activity in nonaqueous media (e.g. conventional organic solvents) is typically lower than in water by several orders of magnitude. There is a rising interest of developing new nonaqueous solvent systems that are more "water-like" and more biocompatible. Therefore, we need to learn from the current state of nonaqueous biocatalysis to overcome its bottleneck and provide guidance for new solvent design. This review firstly focuses on the discussion of how organic solvent properties (such as polarity and hydrophobicity) influence the enzyme activity and stability, and how these properties impact the enzyme's conformation and dynamics. While hydrophobic organic solvents usually lead to the maintenance of enzyme activity, solvents carrying functional groups like hydroxys and ethers (including crown ethers and cyclodextrins) can lead to enzyme activation. Ionic liquids (ILs) are designable solvents that can conveniently incorporate these functional groups. Therefore, we systematically survey these ether- and/or hydroxy-functionalized ILs, and find most of them are highly compatible with enzymes leading to high activity and stability. In particular, ILs carrying both ether and tert-alcohol groups are among the most enzyme-activating solvents. Future direction is to learn from enzyme behaviors in both water and nonaqueous media to design biocompatible "water-like" solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, United States.
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24
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Shuaib M, Shah RA, Durrani I, Bilal M. Electrokinetic viscous rotating disk flow of Poisson-Nernst-Planck equation for ion transport. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Paljakka T, Rissanen K, Vanhatalo A, Salmon Y, Jyske T, Prisle NL, Linnakoski R, Lin JJ, Laakso T, Kasanen R, Bäck J, Hölttä T. Is Decreased Xylem Sap Surface Tension Associated With Embolism and Loss of Xylem Hydraulic Conductivity in Pathogen-Infected Norway Spruce Saplings? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1090. [PMID: 32765568 PMCID: PMC7378778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased abiotic stress along with increasing temperatures, dry periods and forest disturbances may favor biotic stressors such as simultaneous invasion of bark beetle and ophiostomatoid fungi. It is not fully understood how tree desiccation is associated with colonization of sapwood by fungi. A decrease in xylem sap surface tension (σxylem) as a result of infection has been hypothesized to cause xylem embolism by lowering the threshold for air-seeding at the pits between conduits and disruptions in tree water transport. However, this hypothesis has not yet been tested. We investigated tree water relations by measuring the stem xylem hydraulic conductivity (Kstem), σxylem, stem relative water content (RWCstem), and water potential (Ψstem), and canopy conductance (gcanopy), as well as the compound composition in xylem sap in Norway spruce (Picea abies) saplings. We conducted our measurements at the later stage of Endoconidiophora polonica infection when visible symptoms had occurred in xylem. Saplings of two clones (44 trees altogether) were allocated to treatments of inoculated, wounded control and intact control trees in a greenhouse. The saplings were destructively sampled every second week during summer 2016. σxylem, Kstem and RWCstem decreased following the inoculation, which may indicate that decreased σxylem resulted in increased embolism. gcanopy did not differ between treatments indicating that stomata responded to Ψstem rather than to embolism formation. Concentrations of quinic acid, myo-inositol, sucrose and alkylphenol increased in the xylem sap of inoculated trees. Myo-inositol concentrations also correlated negatively with σxylem and Kstem. Our study is a preliminary investigation of the role of σxylem in E. polonica infected trees based on previous hypotheses. The results suggest that E. polonica infection can lead to a simultaneous decrease in xylem sap surface tension and a decline in tree hydraulic conductivity, thus hampering tree water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Paljakka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Rissanen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yann Salmon
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Espoo, Finland
| | - Nønne L. Prisle
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Jack J. Lin
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapio Laakso
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Espoo, Finland
| | - Risto Kasanen
- Forest Sciences/Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Forest Sciences/Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Forest Sciences/Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Disorder under stress: Role of polyol osmolytes in modulating fibrillation and aggregation of intrinsically disordered proteins. Biophys Chem 2020; 264:106422. [PMID: 32707418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) comprise ~30-40% of the proteome, have key roles in cellular processes, and have been reported to be involved in stress regulation working in synergy with osmolytes. Osmolytes are known to accumulate against various stresses in living systems and are known to stabilize the native conformation of globular proteins. However, little is known of their effect on IDPs and their mechanism of action is unclear. We have investigated the effect of a series of polyol osmolytes on the conformation, aggregation and fibrillation properties of the IDPs α and β-synuclein, involved in Parkinson's disease, using fluorescence, CD, light scattering and TEM. We observe inhibition of fibril and aggregate formation with increasing concentration as well as the number of hydroxyl groups in polyols as observed by light scattering measurements which correlates well with the increase in viscosity of solution with increasing number of OH groups in them. However, ThT assay, while indicating suppression of fibril formation at various concentrations of polyols, shows enhanced fibrillation at some other concentrations which could be due to the heterogeneity of the species formed that are ThT insensitive. Fibril formation was, thus, probed by using Nile red fluorescence which showed sensitivity towards the species formed. ANS binding fluorescence also indicates a decrease in the hydrophobicity of the fibrils with increasing number of OH groups in polyols. Polyols do not have any effect on the fibrillation of β-syn but lead to enhanced amorphous aggregate formation in presence of Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol and a reduction in the presence of Sorbitol. The net free energy of transfer of the proteins from water to Sorbitol is large and positive while it is relatively negligible in the case of Glycerol suggestive of greater preferential exclusion effect of Sorbitol in comparison with Glycerol in the case of IDPs as well. The results overall show differential and complex effect of osmolytes towards the fibrillation/aggregation properties of the two IDPs and suggest that an appropriate balance between the concentration and type of polyol or osmolyte would be required for the survival of organisms rich in IDPs under various stress conditions.
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27
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Parray Z, Ahmad F, Hassan MI, Hasan I, Islam A. Effects of Ethylene Glycol on the Structure and Stability of Myoglobin Using Spectroscopic, Interaction, and In Silico Approaches: Monomer Is Different from Those of Its Polymers. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13840-13850. [PMID: 32566850 PMCID: PMC7301589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of changes in thermal stabilities and structures of proteins in the presence of different co-solutes (ligands) is an integral part in the basic research, discovery, and development of drugs. Ethylene glycol (EG) is known to be toxic and causes teratogenic, inducing primarily skeletal and external malformations and other diseases. The effect of EG on the structure and thermal stability of myoglobin (Mb) was studied using various spectroscopic techniques at pH 7.0 and two different temperatures. As revealed by circular dichroism, Trp fluorescence, nano-DSF, and absorption (UV and visible) measurements, EG (i) has no significant effect on secondary and tertiary structures of Mb at 25 °C, and (ii) it decreases the thermal stability of the protein, which increases with increasing concentration of EG. As revealed by ANS (8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid) fluorescence measurements, heat-induced denatured protein has newly exposed hydrophobic patches that bind to ANS. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that the interaction between EG and Mb is temperature dependent; the preferential interaction of EG is entropy driven at low temperature, 298 K (25 °C), and it is enthalpy driven at higher temperature, 343 K (70 °C). Molecular docking study showed that EG interacts with side chains of amino acid residues of Mb through van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor
Ahmad Parray
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ikramul Hasan
- Department
of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 110025, KSA
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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28
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Hirai M, Ajito S, Iwasa T, Wen D, Igarashi N, Shimizu N. Short-Distance Intermolecular Correlations of Mono- and Disaccharides in Condensed Solutions: Bulky Character of Trehalose. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10815-10825. [PMID: 32455202 PMCID: PMC7240834 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organisms with tolerance to extreme environmental conditions (cryptobiosis) such as desiccation and freezing are known to accumulate stress proteins and/or sugars. Trehalose, a disaccharide, has received considerable attention in the context of cryptobiosis. It has already been shown to have the highest glass-transition temperature and different hydration properties from other mono- and disaccharides. In spite of the importance of understanding cryptobiosis by experimentally clarifying sugar-sugar interactions such as the clustering in concentrated sugar solutions, there is little direct experimental evidence of sugar solution structures formed by intermolecular interactions and/or correlation. Using a wide-angle X-ray scattering method with the real-space resolution from ∼3 to 120 Å, we clarified the characteristics of the structures of sugar solutions (glucose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, and trehalose), over a wide concentration range of 0.05-0.65 g/mL. At low concentrations, the second virial coefficients obtained indicated the repulsive intermolecular interactions for all sugars and also the differences among them depending on the type of sugar. In spite of the presence of such repulsive force, a short-range intermolecular correlation was found to appear at high concentrations for every sugar. The concentration dependence of the observed scattering data and p(r) functions clearly showed that trehalose prefers a more disordered arrangement in solution compared to other sugars, that is, bulky arrangement. The present findings will afford a new insight into the molecular mechanism of the protective functions of the sugars relevant to cryptobiosis, particularly that of trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Hirai
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Gunma
University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ajito
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Gunma
University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Iwasa
- Course
of Advanced Production Systems Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 657-8510, Japan
| | - Durige Wen
- Course
of Advanced Production Systems Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 657-8510, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Igarashi
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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29
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Wahiduzzaman, Hassan MI, Islam A, Ahmad F. Urea Stress: Myo-inositol's efficacy to counteract destabilization of TIM-β-globin complex by urea is as good as that of the methylamine. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:1108-1115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Influence of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid on the volumetric and acoustic properties of amino acids (L-alanine and L-phenylalanine) at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Yasuda S, Kazama K, Akiyama T, Kinoshita M, Murata T. Elucidation of cosolvent effects thermostabilizing water-soluble and membrane proteins. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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32
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Kushwah N, Jain V, Yadav D. Osmolytes: A Possible Therapeutic Molecule for Ameliorating the Neurodegeneration Caused by Protein Misfolding and Aggregation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010132. [PMID: 31941036 PMCID: PMC7022651 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the neurological disorders in the brain are caused by the abnormal buildup of misfolded or aggregated proteins. Osmolytes are low molecular weight organic molecules usually built up in tissues at a quite high amount during stress or any pathological condition. These molecules help in providing stability to the aggregated proteins and protect these proteins from misfolding. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the uttermost universal neurological disorder that can be described by the deposition of neurofibrillary tangles, aggregated/misfolded protein produced by the amyloid β-protein (Aβ). Osmolytes provide stability to the folded, functional form of a protein and alter the folding balance away from aggregation and/or degradation of the protein. Moreover, they are identified as chemical chaperones. Brain osmolytes enhance the pace of Aβ aggregation, combine with the nearby water molecules more promptly, and avert the aggregation/misfolding of proteins by providing stability to them. Therefore, osmolytes can be employed as therapeutic targets and may assist in potential drug design for many neurodegenerative and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Kushwah
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-institute of genomics and integrative biology, Mall road, Delhi 110007, India;
| | - Vishal Jain
- Department of ECE, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15289, USA
- Correspondence: (V.J.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +1-412-251-3042 (V.J.); +82-10-2202-1191(D.Y.)
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.J.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +1-412-251-3042 (V.J.); +82-10-2202-1191(D.Y.)
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33
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Shirvali S, Iloukhani H, Khanlarzadeh K. Temperature dependent volumetric and acoustic properties of some amino acids in aqueous solutions of an antidepression drug. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Momeni L, Shareghi B, Farhadian S, Raisi F. Making bovine trypsin more stable and active by Erythritol: A multispectroscopic analysis, docking and computational simulation methods. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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López N, Delso I, Matute D, Lafuente C, Artal M. Characterization of xylitol or citric acid:choline chloride:water mixtures: Structure, thermophysical properties, and quercetin solubility. Food Chem 2019; 306:125610. [PMID: 31586816 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The industrial implementation of new eco-friendly solvents has highlighted the need to analyse both the structures and thermophysical properties of these solvents. Here, two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) used in the agro-food field were studied: xylitol:choline chloride:water (1:2:3 M ratio), XoCH, and citric acid:choline chloride:water (1:1:6 M ratio), CiCH. The H-bond network between the components of each DES was evaluated and the diffusion coefficients at 298.15 K were calculated using NMR spectroscopy. In addition, seven thermophysical properties were determined from 278.15 to 338.15 K. Also, the solubility of quercetin in water and in the two eutectic mixtures was measured and the interactions between components were studied. NMR experiments revealed the presence of water within the supramolecular structure of XoCH, but CiCH is a "DES-in-water" solution. Based on the results, XoCH is the most compact mixture. Finally, quercetin was remarkably more soluble in the studied DESs than in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia López
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Delso
- Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Spain
| | - David Matute
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Lafuente
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuela Artal
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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36
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Zhao H, Harter GA, Martin CJ. "Water-like" Dual-Functionalized Ionic Liquids for Enzyme Activation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15234-15239. [PMID: 31552369 PMCID: PMC6751713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
By mimicking the water structure to improve the enzyme activity, we designed imidazolium (Im)-based ionic liquids (ILs) functionalized with both ether and tert-alcohol groups (e.g., [CH3(OCH2CH2) n -Im-t-BuOH][Tf2N]). This unique combination of the "water-like" structure enabled very high transesterification (synthetic) activities for immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica, which are up to 2-4 folds higher than nonfunctionalized "classical" ionic liquids (such as [BMIM][Tf2N]) and up to 40-100% higher than diisopropyl ether and tert-butanol. Fluorescence emission spectra confirmed the general protein structural preservation in these tailored ionic solvents. In addition, functionalized ILs showed high thermal stabilities, which are comparable with diisopropyl ether but much higher than tert-butanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado 80639, United States
| | - Glenn A. Harter
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado 80639, United States
| | - Caden J. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado 80639, United States
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Hirai M, Ajito S, Sugiyama M, Iwase H, Takata SI, Shimizu N, Igarashi N, Martel A, Porcar L. Direct Evidence for the Effect of Glycerol on Protein Hydration and Thermal Structural Transition. Biophys J 2019; 115:313-327. [PMID: 30021107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of protein stabilization by uncharged solutes, such as polyols and sugars, have been intensively studied with respect to the chemical thermodynamics of molecular crowding. In particular, many experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted to explain the mechanism of the protective action on protein structures by glycerol through the relationship between hydration and glycerol solvation on protein surfaces. We used wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), small-angle neutron scattering, and theoretical scattering function simulation to quantitatively characterize the hydration and/or solvation shell of myoglobin in aqueous solutions of up to 75% v/v glycerol. At glycerol concentrations below ∼40% v/v, the preservation of the hydration shell was dominant, which was reasonably explained by the preferential exclusion of glycerol from the protein surface (preferential hydration). In contrast, at concentrations above 50% v/v, the partial penetration or replacement of glycerol into or with hydration-shell water (neutral solvation by glycerol) was gradually promoted. WAXS results quantitatively demonstrated the neutral solvation, in which the replacement of hydrated water by glycerol was proportional to the volume fraction of glycerol in the solvent multiplied by an exchange rate (β ≤ 1). These phenomena were confirmed by small-angle neutron scattering measurements. The observed WAXS data covered the entire hierarchical structure of myoglobin, ranging from tertiary to secondary structures. We separately analyzed the effect of glycerol on the thermal stability of myoglobin at each hierarchical structural level. The thermal transition midpoint temperature at each hierarchical structural level was raised depending on the glycerol concentration, with enhanced transition cooperativeness between different hierarchical structural levels. The onset temperature of the helix-to-cross β-sheet transition (the initial process of amyloid formation) was evidently elevated. However, oligomerization connected to fibril formation was suppressed, even at a low glycerol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ajito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sugiyama
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Igarashi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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38
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Godefroidt T, Ooms N, Pareyt B, Brijs K, Delcour JA. Ingredient Functionality During Foam‐Type Cake Making: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1550-1562. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Godefroidt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2463 B‐3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Nand Ooms
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2463 B‐3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Bram Pareyt
- Puratos NV Industrialaan 25 B‐1702 Groot‐Bijgaarden Belgium
| | - Kristof Brijs
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2463 B‐3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Jan A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2463 B‐3001 Heverlee Belgium
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39
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40
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Understanding the Role of Preferential Exclusion of Sugars and Polyols from Native State IgG1 Monoclonal Antibodies and its Effect on Aggregation and Reversible Self-Association. Pharm Res 2019; 36:109. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Tarif E, Mukherjee K, Barman A, Biswas R. Are water-xylitol mixtures heterogeneous? An investigation employing composition and temperature dependent dielectric relaxation and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. J CHEM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-019-1614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Arsule A, Sawale R, Deosarkar S. Temperature-dependent volumetric and ultraacoustic studies of α-amino acids in aqueous acetylsalicylic acid drug solutions. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Whittington AC, Rokyta DR. Biophysical Spandrels form a Hot-Spot for Kosmotropic Mutations in Bacteriophage Thermal Adaptation. J Mol Evol 2018; 87:27-36. [PMID: 30564861 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-018-9882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Temperature plays a dominating role in protein structure and function, and life has evolved myriad strategies to adapt proteins to environmental thermal stress. Cellular systems can utilize kosmotropic osmolytes, the products of complex biochemical pathways, to act as chemical chaperones. These extrinsic molecules, e.g., trehalose, alter local water structure to modulate the strength of the hydrophobic effect and increase protein stability. In contrast, simpler genetic systems must rely on intrinsic mutation to affect protein stability. In naturally occurring microvirid bacteriophages of the subfamily Bullavirinae, capsid stability is randomly distributed across the phylogeny, suggesting it is not phylogenetically linked and could be altered through adaptive mutation. We hypothesized that these phages could utilize an adaptive mechanism that mimics the stabilizing effects of the kosmotrope trehalose through mutation. Kinetic stability of wild-type ID8, a relative of ΦX174, displays a saturable response to trehalose. Thermal adaptation mutations in ID8 improve capsid stability and reduce responsiveness to trehalose suggesting the mutations move stability closer to the kosmotropic saturation point, mimicking the kosmotropic effect of trehalose. These mutations localize to and modulate the hydrophobicity of a cavern formation at the interface of phage coat and spike proteins-an evolutionary spandrel. Across a series of genetically distinct phages, responsiveness to trehalose correlates positively with cavern hydrophobicity suggesting that the level of hydrophobicity of the cavern may provide a biophysical gating mechanism constraining or permitting adaptation in a lineage-specific manner. Our results demonstrate that a single mutation can exploit pre-existing, non-adaptive structural features to mimic the adaptive effects of complex biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carl Whittington
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | - Darin R Rokyta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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44
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Hirai M, Ajito S, Iwase H, Takata SI, Ohta N, Igarashi N, Shimizu N. Restoration of Myoglobin Native Fold from Its Initial State of Amyloid Formation by Trehalose. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:11962-11968. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ajito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Takata
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Noboru Ohta
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Igarashi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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45
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Momeni L, Shareghi B, Farhadian S, Vaziri S, Saboury AA, Raisi F. A molecular simulation and spectroscopic approach to the binding affinity between trypsin and 2-propanol and protein conformation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:477-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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46
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Roy S, Bhat R. Effect of polyols on the structure and aggregation of recombinant human γ-Synuclein, an intrinsically disordered protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:1029-1042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Ajito S, Iwase H, Takata SI, Hirai M. Sugar-Mediated Stabilization of Protein against Chemical or Thermal Denaturation. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8685-8697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ajito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Takata
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
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48
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Bayat M, Gourabi H, khammari A, Ahmad F, Saboury AA. A comparative study of structure, stability and function of sc-tenecteplase in the presence of stabilizing osmolytes. J Biotechnol 2018; 280:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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49
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The unusual visible fluorescence violating the Kasha's rule suggests the aggregation of guanidinium carbonate in its aqueous medium. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Dar MA, Wahiduzzaman, Islam A, Hassan MI, Ahmad F. Counteraction of the deleterious effects of urea on structure and stability of mammalian kidney proteins by osmolytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1659-1667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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