1
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Chen XA, Chuang CC, Chen CC, Lee CY, Chin CY, Young JJ, Bai MY, Chuang CC. Polyelectrolyte-coated liposomes microfluidically assembled in one-step for enhancing cell endocytosis and in-vivo immune responses. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114030. [PMID: 38901267 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the cellular uptake of liposomes, we prepared conventional liposomes with targeting molecules and surface-charged liposomes and evaluated their potential as nano-carriers and vaccine adjuvants by comparing their endocytosis efficiencies using immune cells. Surface-charged liposomes were synthesized via a one-step microfluidic method, which provided a novel, simple, fast, and highly reproducible method for preparing liposomes. Flow cytometry revealed that cationic polyelectrolyte-coated liposomes exhibited higher endocytosis efficiencies (of up to a factor of 100) in A774A.1 cells and JAWs II cells compared with uncoated liposomes or those coated with anionic polyelectrolytes. Positively charged liposomes exhibited some cytotoxicity at quaternary-chitosan coating concentrations higher than 6 mg/mL; however, significantly lower cytotoxicities (by a factor of almost ten) were obtained by protein mixing. Furthermore, BALB/c mice vaccinated with a mixture of Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) and quaternary chitosan-coated liposomes showed faster and stronger anti-PA IgG inductions compared to those vaccinated with AVA alone, with titers positively correlating with the amount of cationic liposome used. This finding clearly reveals that quaternary chitosan-coated liposomes act as both nano-carriers and vaccine adjuvants that significantly enhance in-vivo immune responses to vaccines with low immunogenicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-An Chen
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Chang Chuang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC; Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ying Chin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jenn-Jong Young
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Meng-Yi Bai
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan, ROC; Adjunct Appointment to the Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chuan-Chung Chuang
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC; Department of dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC.
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2
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Guglielmelli A, Tone CM, Ragozzino E, Ciuchi F, Bartucci R. Cholesterol drives enantiospecific effects of ibuprofen in biomimetic membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184334. [PMID: 38744417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between chiral drugs and biomimetic membranes is of interest in biophysical research and biotechnological applications. There is a belief that the membrane composition, particularly the presence of cholesterol, could play a pivotal role in determining enantiospecific effects of pharmaceuticals. Our study explores this topic focusing on the interaction of ibuprofen enantiomers (S- and R-IBP) with cholesterol-containing model membranes. The effects of S- and R-IBP at 20 mol% on bilayer mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with 0, 10, 20 and 50 mol% cholesterol were investigated using circular dichroism and spin-label electron spin resonance. Morphological changes due to IBP enantiomers were studied with atomic force microscopy on supported cholesterol-containing DPPC monolayers. The results reveal that IBP isoforms significantly and equally interact with pure DPPC lipid assemblies. Cholesterol content, besides modifying the structure and the morphology of the membranes, triggers the drug enantioselectivity at 10 and 20 mol%, with the enantiomers differently adsorbing on membranes and perturbing them. The spectroscopic and the microscopic data indicate that IBP stereospecificity is markedly reduced at equimolar content of Chol mixed with DPPC. This study provides new insights into the role of cholesterol in modulating enantiospecific effects of IBP in lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Guglielmelli
- Department of Physics, NLHT Lab, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; CNR NANOTEC c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Caterina M Tone
- CNR NANOTEC c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; Department of Physics, Molecular Physics Group, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ragozzino
- Department of Physics, Molecular Biophysics Lab, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Ciuchi
- CNR NANOTEC c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Bartucci
- Department of Physics, Molecular Biophysics Lab, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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3
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Amărandi RM, Neamṭu A, Ştiufiuc RI, Marin L, Drăgoi B. Impact of Lipid Composition on Vesicle Protein Adsorption: A BSA Case Study. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17903-17918. [PMID: 38680315 PMCID: PMC11044229 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the interaction between liposomes and proteins is of paramount importance in the development of liposomal formulations with real potential for bench-to-bedside transfer. Upon entering the body, proteins are immediately adsorbed on the liposomal surface, changing the nanovehicles' biological identity, which has a significant impact on their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics and ultimately on their therapeutic effect. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and thus usually adsorbs immediately on the liposomal surface. We herein report a comprehensive investigation on the adsorption of model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto liposomal vesicles containing the zwitterionic lipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), in combination with either cholesterol (CHOL) or the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP). While many studies regarding protein adsorption on the surface of liposomes with different compositions have been performed, to the best of our knowledge, the differential responses of CHOL and DOTAP upon albumin adsorption on vesicles have not yet been investigated. UV-vis spectroscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a strong influence of the phospholipid membrane composition on protein adsorption. Hence, it was found that DOTAP-containing vesicles adsorb proteins more robustly but also aggregate in the presence of BSA, as confirmed by DLS and TEM. Separation of liposome-protein complexes from unadsorbed proteins performed by means of centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was also investigated. Our results show that neither method can be regarded as a golden experimental setup to study the protein corona of liposomes. Yet, SEC proved to be more successful in the separation of unbound proteins, although the amount of lipid loss upon liposome elution was higher than expected. In addition, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were employed to ascertain key membrane parameters, such as the membrane thickness and area per lipid. Overall, this study highlights the importance of surface charge and membrane fluidity in influencing the extent of protein adsorption. We hope that our investigation will be a valuable contribution to better understanding protein-vesicle interactions for improved nanocarrier design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Maria Amărandi
- Nanotechnology
Laboratory, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional
Institute of Oncology, 2-4 General Henri Mathias Berthelot Street, 700483 Iaşi, Romania
- Department
of Bioinformatics, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, 2-4 General Henri Mathias Berthelot Street, 700483 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Andrei Neamṭu
- Department
of Bioinformatics, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, 2-4 General Henri Mathias Berthelot Street, 700483 Iaşi, Romania
- Department
of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa”
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universităṭii Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Rareş-Ionuṭ Ştiufiuc
- Nanotechnology
Laboratory, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional
Institute of Oncology, 2-4 General Henri Mathias Berthelot Street, 700483 Iaşi, Romania
- Department
of Nanobiophysics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine
and Pharmacy, 4-6 Pasteur
Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luminiṭa Marin
- Nanotechnology
Laboratory, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional
Institute of Oncology, 2-4 General Henri Mathias Berthelot Street, 700483 Iaşi, Romania
- “Petru
Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, 700487 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Brînduşa Drăgoi
- Nanotechnology
Laboratory, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional
Institute of Oncology, 2-4 General Henri Mathias Berthelot Street, 700483 Iaşi, Romania
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iaşi, Romania
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4
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Mardešić I, Boban Z, Raguz M. Electroformation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles from Damp Lipid Films with a Focus on Vesicles with High Cholesterol Content. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 38668107 PMCID: PMC11051717 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are membrane models used to study membrane properties. Electroformation is one of the methods used to produce GUVs. During electroformation protocol, dry lipid film is formed. The drying of the lipid film induces the cholesterol (Chol) demixing artifact, in which Chol forms anhydrous crystals which do not participate in the formation of vesicles. This leads to a lower Chol concentration in the vesicle bilayers compared to the Chol concentration in the initial lipid solution. To address this problem, we propose a novel electroformation protocol that includes rapid solvent exchange (RSE), plasma cleaning, and spin-coating methods to produce GUVs. We tested the protocol, focusing on vesicles with a high Chol content using different spin-coating durations and vesicle type deposition. Additionally, we compared the novel protocol using completely dry lipid film. The optimal spin-coating duration for vesicles created from the phosphatidylcholine/Chol mixture was 30 s. Multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) obtained by the extrusion of MLVs through 100 nm membrane pores and LUVs obtained by extrusion of previously obtained LUVs through 50 nm membrane pores, were deposited on an electrode for 1.5/1 Chol/phosphatidylcholine (POPC) lipid mixture, and the results were compared. Electroformation using all three deposited vesicle types resulted in a high GUV yield, but the deposition of LUVs obtained by the extrusion of MLVs through 100 nm membrane pores provided the most reproducible results. Using the deposition of these LUVs, we produced high yield GUVs for six different Chol concentrations (from 0% to 71.4%). Using a protocol that included dry lipid film GUVs resulted in lower yields and induced the Chol demixing artifact, proving that the lipid film should never be subjected to drying when the Chol content is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mardešić
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.M.); (Z.B.)
- Doctoral Study of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Boban
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Marija Raguz
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.M.); (Z.B.)
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5
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Paba C, Dorigo V, Senigagliesi B, Tormena N, Parisse P, Voitchovsky K, Casalis L. Lipid bilayer fluidity and degree of order regulates small EVs adsorption on model cell membrane. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1937-1943. [PMID: 37690301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to play an important role in the communication between distant cells and to deliver biological information throughout the body. To date, many studies have focused on the role of sEVs characteristics such as cell origin, surface composition, and molecular cargo on the resulting uptake by the recipient cell. Yet, a full understanding of the sEV fusion process with recipient cells and in particular the role of cell membrane physical properties on the uptake are still lacking. Here we explore this problem using sEVs from a cellular model of triple-negative breast cancer fusing to a range of synthetic planar lipid bilayers both with and without cholesterol, and designed to mimic the formation of 'raft'-like nanodomains in cell membranes. Using time-resolved Atomic Force Microscopy we were able to track the sEVs interaction with the different model membranes, showing the process to be strongly dependent on the local membrane fluidity. The strongest interaction and fusion is observed over the less fluid regions, with sEVs even able to disrupt ordered domains at sufficiently high cholesterol concentration. Our findings suggest the biophysical characteristics of recipient cell membranes to be crucial for sEVs uptake regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Paba
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicolò Tormena
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza TS, Italy; IOM-CNR, 34149 Basovizza TS, Italy.
| | - Kislon Voitchovsky
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
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6
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Islam MM, Nawagamuwage SU, Parshin IV, Richard MC, Burin AL, Rubtsov IV. Probing the Hydrophobic Region of a Lipid Bilayer at Specific Depths Using Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26363-26373. [PMID: 37982703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel spectroscopic approach for studying the flexibility and mobility in the hydrophobic interior of lipid bilayers at specific depths is proposed. A set of test compounds featuring an azido moiety and a cyano or carboxylic acid moiety, connected by an alkyl chain of different lengths, was synthesized. FTIR data and molecular dynamics calculations indicated that the test compounds in a bilayer are oriented so that the cyano or carboxylic acid moiety is located in the lipid head-group region, while the azido group stays inside the bilayer at the depth determined by its alkyl chain length. We found that the asymmetric stretching mode of the azido group (νN3) can serve as a reporter of the membrane interior dynamics. FTIR and two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) studies were performed at different temperatures, ranging from 22 to 45 °C, covering the Lβ-Lα phase transition temperature of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (∼41 °C). The width of the νN3 peak was found to be very sensitive to the phase transition and to the temperature in general. We introduced an order parameter, SN3, which characterizes restrictions to motion inside the bilayer. 2DIR spectra of νN3 showed different extents of inhomogeneity at different depths in the bilayer, with the smallest inhomogeneity in the middle of the leaflet. The spectral diffusion dynamics of the N3 peak was found to be dependent on the depth of the N3 group location in the bilayer. The obtained results enhance our understanding of the bilayer dynamics and can be extended to investigate membranes with more complex compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Muhaiminul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | | | - Igor V Parshin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Margaret C Richard
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Alexander L Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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7
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Gangurde P, Mahmoudzadeh M, Gounani Z, Koivuniemi A, Laurén P, Lajunen T, Laaksonen T. Development of Robust Cationic Light-Activated Thermosensitive Liposomes: Choosing the Right Lipids. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5728-5738. [PMID: 37874965 PMCID: PMC10630945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on cationic light-activated thermosensitive liposomes (CLTSLs) as a means for site-specific and controlled drug release; however, less attention has been given to the stability of these nanoparticles. Selecting the appropriate lipids is crucial for the development of a stable and responsive system. In this study, we investigated the impact of various lipids on the physical properties of cationic light-activated liposomes. Incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) PEG molecules resulted in uniform liposomes with low polydispersity index, while the addition of unsaturated lipid (DOTAP) resulted in extremely leaky liposomes, with almost 80% release in just 10 min of incubation at body temperature. Conversely, the inclusion of cholesterol in the formulation increased liposome stability too much and decreased their sensitivity to stimuli-responsive release, with only 14% release after 2 min of light exposure. To achieve stable and functional CLTSL, we substituted an equivalent amount of unsaturated lipid with a saturated lipid (DPTAP), resulting in stable liposomes at body temperature that were highly responsive to light, releasing 90% of their content in 10 s of light exposure. We also conducted two atomistic molecular dynamics simulations using lipid compositions with saturated and unsaturated lipids to investigate the effect of lipid composition on the dynamical properties of the liposomal lipid bilayer. Our findings suggest that the nature of lipids used to prepare liposomes significantly affects their properties, especially when the drug loading needs to be stable but triggered drug release properties are required at the same time. Selecting the appropriate lipids in the right amount is therefore essential for the preparation of liposomes with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Gangurde
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudzadeh
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zahra Gounani
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Artturi Koivuniemi
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Laurén
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere
University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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8
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Yanagihara S, Kitayama Y, Yuba E, Harada A. Preparing Size-Controlled Liposomes Modified with Polysaccharide Derivatives for pH-Responsive Drug Delivery Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2158. [PMID: 38004298 PMCID: PMC10672248 DOI: 10.3390/life13112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The liposome particle size is an important parameter because it strongly affects content release from liposomes as a result of different bilayer curvatures and lipid packing. Earlier, we developed pH-responsive polysaccharide-derivative-modified liposomes that induced content release from the liposomes under weakly acidic conditions. However, the liposome used in previous studies size was adjusted to 100-200 nm. The liposome size effects on their pH-responsive properties were unclear. For this study, we controlled the polysaccharide-derivative-modified liposome size by extrusion through polycarbonate membranes having different pore sizes. The obtained liposomes exhibited different average diameters, in which the diameters mostly corresponded to the pore sizes of polycarbonate membranes used for extrusion. The amounts of polysaccharide derivatives per lipid were identical irrespective of the liposome size. Introduction of cholesterol within the liposomal lipid components suppressed the size increase in these liposomes for at least three weeks. These liposomes were stable at neutral pH, whereas the content release from liposomes was induced at weakly acidic pH. Smaller liposomes exhibited highly acidic pH-responsive content release compared with those from large liposomes. However, liposomes with 50 mol% cholesterol were not able to induce content release even under acidic conditions. These results suggest that control of the liposome size and cholesterol content is important for preparing stable liposomes at physiological conditions and for preparing highly pH-responsive liposomes for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yanagihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Yukiya Kitayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.K.); (A.H.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.K.); (A.H.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Harada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.K.); (A.H.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
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9
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He Y, Grandi DD, Chandradoss S, LuTheryn G, Cidonio G, Nunes Bastos R, Pereno V, Carugo D. Rapid Production of Nanoscale Liposomes Using a 3D-Printed Reactor-In-A-Centrifuge: Formulation, Characterisation, and Super-Resolution Imaging. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1763. [PMID: 37763926 PMCID: PMC10535575 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale liposomes have been extensively researched and employed clinically for the delivery of biologically active compounds, including chemotherapy drugs and vaccines, offering improved pharmacokinetic behaviour and therapeutic outcomes. Traditional laboratory-scale production methods often suffer from limited control over liposome properties (e.g., size and lamellarity) and rely on laborious multistep procedures, which may limit pre-clinical research developments and innovation in this area. The widespread adoption of alternative, more controllable microfluidic-based methods is often hindered by complexities and costs associated with device manufacturing and operation, as well as the short device lifetime and the relatively low liposome production rates in some cases. In this study, we demonstrated the production of liposomes comprising therapeutically relevant lipid formulations, using a cost-effective 3D-printed reactor-in-a-centrifuge (RIAC) device. By adjusting formulation- and production-related parameters, including the concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG), temperature, centrifugation time and speed, and lipid concentration, the mean size of the produced liposomes could be tuned in the range of 140 to 200 nm. By combining selected experimental parameters, the method was capable of producing liposomes with a therapeutically relevant mean size of ~174 nm with narrow size distribution (polydispersity index, PDI ~0.1) at a production rate of >8 mg/min. The flow-through method proposed in this study has potential to become an effective and versatile laboratory-scale approach to simplify the synthesis of therapeutic liposomal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Davide De Grandi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
| | - Stanley Chandradoss
- Oxford Nanoimaging Limited (ONI), Oxford OX2 8TA, UK; (S.C.); (R.N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Gareth LuTheryn
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), The Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK;
| | - Gianluca Cidonio
- 3D Microfluidic Biofabrication Laboratory, Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science—CLN2S, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Valerio Pereno
- Oxford Nanoimaging Limited (ONI), Oxford OX2 8TA, UK; (S.C.); (R.N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Dario Carugo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), The Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK;
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10
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Mielke S, Sorkin R, Klein J. Effect of cholesterol on the mechanical stability of gel-phase phospholipid bilayers studied by AFM force spectroscopy. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:77. [PMID: 37672138 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The remarkably low sliding friction of articular cartilage in the major joints such as hips and knees, which is crucial for its homeostasis and joint health, has been attributed to lipid bilayers forming lubricious boundary layers at its surface. The robustness of such layers, and thus their lubrication efficiency at joint pressures, depends on the lipids forming them, including cholesterol which is a ubiquitous component, and which may act to strengthen of weaken the bilayer. In this work, a systematic study using an atomic force microscope (AFM) was carried out to understand the effect of cholesterol on the nanomechanical stability of two saturated phospholipids, DSPC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidlycholine) and DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero- phosphatidylcholine), that differ in acyl chain lengths. Measurements were carried out both in water and in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The nanomechanical stability of the lipid bilayers was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the breakthrough force needed to puncture the bilayer by the AFM tip. The molar fractions of cholesterol incorporated in the bilayers were 10% and 40%. We found that for both DSPC and DPPC, cholesterol significantly decreases the mechanical stability of the bilayers in solid-ordered (SO) phase. In accordance with the literature, the strengthening effect of salt on the lipid bilayers was also observed. For DPPC with 10 mol % cholesterol, the effect of tip properties and the experimental procedure parameters on the breakthrough forces were also studied. Tip radius (2-42 nm), material (Si, Si3N4, Au) and loading rate (40-1000 nm/s) were varied systematically. The values of the breakthrough forces measured were not significantly affected by any of these parameters, showing that the weakening effect of cholesterol does not result from such changes in experimental conditions. As we have previously demonstrated that mechanical robustness improves the tribological performance of lipid layers, this study helps to shed light on the mechanism of physiological lubrication. Nanoindentation of SDPC bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Mielke
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Sorkin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Jacob Klein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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11
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Hsu TW, Yang CH, Su CJ, Huang YT, Yeh YQ, Liao KF, Lin TC, Shih O, Lee MT, Su AC, Jeng US. Revealing cholesterol effects on PEGylated HSPC liposomes using AF4-MALS and simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:988-993. [PMID: 37555211 PMCID: PMC10405602 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723005393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposome development is of great interest owing to increasing requirements for efficient drug carriers. The structural features and thermal stability of such liposomes are crucial in drug transport and delivery. Reported here are the results of the structural characterization of PEGylated liposomes via small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and an asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) system coupled with differential refractive-index detection, multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and dynamic light scattering. This integrated analysis of the exemplar PEGylated liposome formed from hydrogenated soy phosphatid-yl-choline (HSPC) with the addition of cholesterol reveals an average hydro-dynamic radius (R h) of 52 nm with 10% polydispersity, a comparable radius of gyration (R g) and a major liposome particle mass of 118 kDa. The local bilayer structure of the liposome is found to have asymmetric electronic density profiles in the inner and outer leaflets, sandwiched by two PEGylated outer layers ca 5 nm thick. Cholesterol was found to effectively intervene in lipid chain packing, resulting in the thickening of the liposome bilayer, an increase in the area per lipid and an increase in liposome size, especially in the fluid phase of the liposome. These cholesterol effects show signs of saturation at cholesterol concentrations above ca 1:5 cholesterol:lipid molar ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Hsu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300094, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsun Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300094, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300094, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Tzu Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300094, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qi Yeh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300094, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Fen Liao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300094, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chang Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Orion Shih
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300094, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tao Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300094, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Zhongli 320317, Taiwan
| | - An-Chung Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300094, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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12
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Nakao H, Nagao M, Yamada T, Imamura K, Nozaki K, Ikeda K, Nakano M. Impact of transmembrane peptides on individual lipid motions and collective dynamics of lipid bilayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 228:113396. [PMID: 37311269 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fluid nature of lipid bilayers is indispensable for the dynamic regulation of protein function and membrane morphology in biological membranes. Membrane-spanning domains of proteins interact with surrounding lipids and alter the physical properties of lipid bilayers. However, there is no comprehensive view of the effects of transmembrane proteins on the membrane's physical properties. Here, we investigated the effects of transmembrane peptides with different flip-flop-promoting abilities on the dynamics of a lipid bilayer employing complemental fluorescence and neutron scattering techniques. The quasi-elastic neutron scattering and fluorescence experiments revealed that lateral diffusion of the lipid molecules and the acyl chain motions were inhibited by the inclusion of transmembrane peptides. The neutron spin-echo spectroscopy measurements indicated that the lipid bilayer became more rigid but more compressible and the membrane viscosity increased when the transmembrane peptides were incorporated into the membrane. These results suggest that the inclusion of rigid transmembrane structures hinders individual and collective lipid motions by slowing down lipid diffusion and increasing interleaflet coupling. The present study provides a clue for understanding how the local interactions between lipids and proteins change the collective dynamics of the lipid bilayers, and therefore, the function of biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakao
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Michihiro Nagao
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6102, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2115, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Koki Imamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Nozaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikeda
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakano
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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13
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Fulton MD, Najahi-Missaoui W. Liposomes in Cancer Therapy: How Did We Start and Where Are We Now. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076615. [PMID: 37047585 PMCID: PMC10095497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their first discovery in the 1960s by Alec Bangham, liposomes have been shown to be effective drug delivery systems for treating various cancers. Several liposome-based formulations received approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), with many others in clinical trials. Liposomes have several advantages, including improved pharmacokinetic properties of the encapsulated drug, reduced systemic toxicity, extended circulation time, and targeted disposition in tumor sites due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) mechanism. However, it is worth noting that despite their efficacy in treating various cancers, liposomes still have some potential toxicity and lack specific targeting and disposition. This explains, in part, why their translation into the clinic has progressed only incrementally, which poses the need for more research to focus on addressing such translational limitations. This review summarizes the main properties of liposomes, their current status in cancer therapy, and their limitations and challenges to achieving maximal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D. Fulton
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Wided Najahi-Missaoui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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14
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Mardešić I, Boban Z, Subczynski WK, Raguz M. Membrane Models and Experiments Suitable for Studies of the Cholesterol Bilayer Domains. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:320. [PMID: 36984707 PMCID: PMC10057498 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol (Chol) is an essential component of animal cell membranes and is most abundant in plasma membranes (PMs) where its concentration typically ranges from 10 to 30 mol%. However, in red blood cells and Schwann cells, PMs Chol content is as high as 50 mol%, and in the PMs of the eye lens fiber cells, it can reach up to 66 mol%. Being amphiphilic, Chol molecules are easily incorporated into the lipid bilayer where they affect the membrane lateral organization and transmembrane physical properties. In the aqueous phase, Chol cannot form free bilayers by itself. However, pure Chol bilayer domains (CBDs) can form in lipid bilayer membranes with the Chol content exceeding 50 mol%. The range of Chol concentrations surpassing 50 mol% is less frequent in biological membranes and is consequently less investigated. Nevertheless, it is significant for the normal functioning of the eye lens and understanding how Chol plaques form in atherosclerosis. The most commonly used membrane models are unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) and supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). CBDs have been observed directly using confocal microscopy, X-ray reflectometry and saturation recovery electron paramagnetic resonance (SR EPR). Indirect evidence of CBDs has also been reported by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. The overall goal of this review is to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the various membrane models and experimental techniques suitable for the detection and investigation of the lateral organization, function and physical properties of CBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mardešić
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.M.); (Z.B.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Doctoral Study of Biophysics, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Boban
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.M.); (Z.B.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Doctoral Study of Biophysics, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Marija Raguz
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.M.); (Z.B.)
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15
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Reis A, Teixeira JPF, Silva AMG, Ferreira M, Gameiro P, de Freitas V. Modelling Hyperglycaemia in an Epithelial Membrane Model: Biophysical Characterisation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101534. [PMID: 36291743 PMCID: PMC9599690 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic models are valuable platforms to improve our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms governing membrane-driven processes in (patho)physiological conditions, including membrane permeability, transport, and fusion. However, current membrane models are over simplistic and do not include the membrane’s lipid remodelling in response to extracellular stimuli. Our study describes the synthesis of glycated dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE-glyc), which was structurally characterised by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and quantified by NMR spectroscopy to be further incorporated in a complex phospholipid (PL) membrane model enriched in cholesterol (Chol) and (glyco)sphingolipids (GSL) designed to mimic epithelial membranes (PL/Chol/GSL) under hyperglycaemia conditions. Characterisation of synthesised DMPE-glyc adducts by tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) show that synthetic DMPE-glyc adducts correspond to Amadori products and quantification by 1H NMR spectroscopy show that the yield of glycation reaction was 8%. The biophysical characterisation of the epithelial membrane model shows that excess glucose alters the thermotropic behaviour and fluidity of epithelial membrane models likely to impact permeability of solutes. The epithelial membrane models developed to mimic normo- and hyperglycaemic scenarios are the basis to investigate (poly)phenol-lipid and drug–membrane interactions crucial in nutrition, pharmaceutics, structural biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry.
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16
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Giakoumatos EC, Gascoigne L, Gumí-Audenis B, García ÁG, Tuinier R, Voets IK. Impact of poly(ethylene glycol) functionalized lipids on ordering and fluidity of colloid supported lipid bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7569-7578. [PMID: 36165127 PMCID: PMC9555145 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00806h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloid supported lipid bilayers (CSLBs) are highly appealing building blocks for functional colloids. In this contribution, we critically evaluate the impact on lipid ordering and CSLB fluidity of inserted additives. We focus on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) bearing lipids, which are commonly introduced to promote colloidal stability. We investigate whether their effect on the CSLB is related to the incorporated amount and chemical nature of the lipid anchor. To this end, CSLBs were prepared from lipids with a low or high melting temperature (Tm), DOPC, and DPPC, respectively. Samples were supplemented with either 0, 5 or 10 mol% of either a low or high Tm PEGylated lipid, DOPE-PEG2000 or DSPE-PEG2000, respectively. Lipid ordering was probed via differential scanning calorimetry and fluidity by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. We find that up to 5 mol% of either PEGylated lipids could be incorporated into both membranes without any pronounced effects. However, the fluorescence recovery of the liquid-like DOPC membrane was markedly decelerated upon incorporating 10 mol% of either PEGylated lipids, whilst insertion of the anchoring lipids (DOPE and DSPE without PEG2000) had no detectable impact. Therefore, we conclude that the amount of incorporated PEG stabilizer, not the chemical nature of the lipid anchor, should be tuned carefully to achieve sufficient colloidal stability without compromising the membrane dynamics. These findings offer guidance for the experimental design of studies using CSLBs, such as those focusing on the consequences of intra- and inter-particle inhomogeneities for multivalent binding and the impact of additive mobility on superselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Giakoumatos
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Levena Gascoigne
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Berta Gumí-Audenis
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Álvaro González García
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Tuinier
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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17
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Thomas N, Agrawal A. A lateral electric field inhibits gel-to-fluid transition in lipid bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6437-6442. [PMID: 35983708 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report evidence of lateral electric field-induced changes in the phase transition temperatures of lipid bilayers. Our atomic scale molecular dynamics simulations show that a lateral electric field increases the melting temperatures of DPPC, POPC and POPE bilayers. Remarkably, these shifts in the melting temperatures are only induced by lateral electric fields, and not normal electric fields. This mechanism could provide new mechanistic insights into lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions in the presence of endogenous and exogenous electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhin Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Ashutosh Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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18
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Altunayar-Unsalan C, Unsalan O, Mavromoustakos T. Molecular interactions of hesperidin with DMPC/cholesterol bilayers. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110131. [PMID: 36037876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since cell membranes are complex systems, the use of model lipid bilayers is quite important for the study of their interactions with bioactive molecules. Mammalian cell membranes require cholesterol (CHOL) for their structure and function. For this reason, the mixtures of phospholipid and cholesterol are necessary to use in model membrane studies to better simulate the real systems. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the incorporation of hesperidin in model membranes consisting of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and CHOL by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). ATR-FTIR results demonstrated that hesperidin increases the fluidity of the DMPC/CHOL binary system. DSC findings indicated that the presence of 5 mol% hesperidin induces a broadening of the main phase transition consisting of three overlapping components. AFM experiments showed that hesperidin increases the thickness of DMPC/CHOL lipid bilayer model membranes. In addition to experimental results, molecular docking studies were conducted with hesperidin and human lanosterol synthase (LS), which is an enzyme found in the final step of cholesterol synthesis, to characterize hesperidin's interactions with its surrounding via its hydroxyl and oxygen groups. Then, hesperidin's ADME/Tox (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) profile was computed to see the potential impact on living system. In conclusion, considering the data obtained from experimental studies, this work ensures molecular insights in the interaction between a flavonoid, as an antioxidant drug model, and lipids mimicking those found in mammalian membranes. Moreover, computational studies demonstrated that hesperidin may be a great potential for use as a therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia due to its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cisem Altunayar-Unsalan
- Ege University Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ozan Unsalan
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece.
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19
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Ma Y, Xu J, Jiang S, Zeng M. Effect of chitosan coating on the properties of nanoliposomes loaded with oyster protein hydrolysates: Stability during spray-drying and freeze-drying. Food Chem 2022; 385:132603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Antioxidant Systems, lncRNAs, and Tunneling Nanotubes in Cell Death Rescue from Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152277. [PMID: 35892574 PMCID: PMC9330437 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a rich source of carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules including DNA. Repair systems can restore DNA integrity. Depending on the duration or intensity of stress signals, cells may utilize various survival and adaptive mechanisms. ROS levels are kept in check through redundant detoxification processes controlled largely by antioxidant systems. This review covers and expands on the mechanisms available to cigarette smoke-exposed cancer cells for restoring the redox balance. These include multiple layers of transcriptional control, each of which is posited to be activated upon reaching a particular stress threshold, among them the NRF2 pathway, the AP-1 and NF-kB pathways, and, finally, TP53, which triggers apoptosis if extreme toxicity is reached. The review also discusses long noncoding RNAs, which have been implicated recently in regulating oxidative stress—with roles in ROS detoxification, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Lastly, the emerging roles of tunneling nanotubes in providing additional mechanisms for metabolic rescue and the regulation of redox imbalance are considered, further highlighting the expanded redox reset arsenal available to cells.
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21
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Khadka NK, Mortimer MF, Marosvari M, Timsina R, Mainali L. Membrane elasticity modulated by cholesterol in model of porcine eye lens-lipid membrane. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109131. [PMID: 35636489 PMCID: PMC10131281 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence shows that the eye lens loses its elasticity dramatically with age. It has also been reported that the cholesterol (Chol) content in the eye lens fiber cell plasma membrane increases significantly with age. High Chol content leads to the formation of cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the lens membrane. The role of high Chol associated with lens elasticity is unclear. The purpose of this research is to investigate the membrane elasticity of the model of porcine lens-lipid (MPLL) membrane with increasing Chol content to elucidate the role of high Chol in lens membrane elasticity. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the mechanical properties (breakthrough force and area compressibility modulus (KA)) of the MPLL membrane with increasing Chol content where KA is the measure of membrane elasticity. We varied Chol concentration in Chol/MPLL membrane from 0 to ∼71 mol%. Supported Chol/MPLL membranes were prepared by fusion of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) on top of a flat mica surface. SUVs of the Chol/MPLL lipid mixture were prepared with the rapid solvent exchange method followed by probe-tip sonication. For the Chol/MPLL mixing ratio of 0, AFM image showed the formation of two distinct phases of the membrane, i.e., liquid-disordered phase (ld) and solid-ordered phase (so) membrane. However, with Chol/MPLL mixing ratio of 0.5 and above, only liquid-ordered phase (lo) membrane was formed. Also, two distinct breakthrough forces corresponding to ld and so were observed for Chol/MPLL mixing ratio of 0, whereas only one breakthrough force was observed for membranes with Chol/MPLL mixing ratio of 0.5 and above. No significant difference in the membrane surface roughness was measured with increasing Chol content for these membranes; however, breakthrough force and KA for lo membrane increased when Chol/MPLL mixing ratio was increased from 0.5 to 1. Interestingly above the Chol/MPLL mixing ratio of 1, both breakthrough force and KA decreased, indicating the formation of CBDs. Furthermore, these results showed that membrane elasticity increases at high Chol content, suggesting that high Chol content in lens membrane might be responsible for maintaining lens membrane elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal K Khadka
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Mason Marosvari
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Raju Timsina
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Laxman Mainali
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
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22
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Capability of Polyunsaturated Phosphatidylcholine for Non-raft Domain Formation in Cholesterol-containing Lipid Bilayers. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2022-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Versatile Encapsulation and Synthesis of Potent Liposomes by Thermal Equilibration. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030319. [PMID: 35323794 PMCID: PMC8954264 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The wide-scale use of liposomal delivery systems is challenged by difficulties in obtaining potent liposomal suspensions. Passive and active loading strategies have been proposed to formulate drug encapsulated liposomes but are limited by low efficiencies (passive) or high drug specificities (active). Here, we present an efficient and universal loading strategy for synthesizing therapeutic liposomes. Integrating a thermal equilibration technique with our unique liposome synthesis approach, co-loaded targeting nanovesicles can be engineered in a scalable manner with potencies 200-fold higher than typical passive encapsulation techniques. We demonstrate this capability through simultaneous co-loading of hydrophilic and hydrophobic small molecules and targeted delivery of liposomal Doxorubicin to metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Molecular dynamic simulations are used to explain interactions between Doxorubicin and liposome membrane during thermal equilibration. By addressing the existing challenges, we have developed an unparalleled approach that will facilitate the formulation of novel theranostic and pharmaceutical strategies.
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Sot J, García-Arribas AB, Abad B, Arranz S, Portune K, Andrade F, Martín-Nieto A, Velasco O, Arana E, Tueros I, Ferreri C, Gaztambide S, Goñi FM, Castaño L, Alonso A. Erythrocyte Membrane Nanomechanical Rigidity Is Decreased in Obese Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031920. [PMID: 35163842 PMCID: PMC8836476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work intends to describe the physical properties of red blood cell (RBC) membranes in obese adults. The hypothesis driving this research is that obesity, in addition to increasing the amount of body fat, will also modify the lipid composition of membranes in cells other than adipocytes. Forty-nine control volunteers (16 male, 33 female, BMI 21.8 ± 5.6 and 21.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively) and 52 obese subjects (16 male and 36 female, BMI 38.2± 11.0 and 40.7 ± 8.7 kg/m2, respectively) were examined. The two physical techniques applied were atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the force spectroscopy mode, which allows the micromechanical measurement of penetration forces, and fluorescence anisotropy of trimethylammonium diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH), which provides information on lipid order at the membrane polar–nonpolar interface. These techniques, in combination with lipidomic studies, revealed a decreased rigidity in the interfacial region of the RBC membranes of obese as compared to control patients, related to parallel changes in lipid composition. Lipidomic data show an increase in the cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio and a decrease in sphingomyelin contents in obese membranes. ω-3 fatty acids (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid) appear to be less prevalent in obese patient RBCs, and this is the case for both the global fatty acid distribution and for the individual major lipids in the membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Moreover, some ω-6 fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid) are increased in obese patient RBCs. The switch from ω-3 to ω-6 lipids in obese subjects could be a major factor explaining the higher interfacial fluidity in obese patient RBC membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Sot
- Instituto BIOFISIKA (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.S.); (A.B.G.-A.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Aritz B. García-Arribas
- Instituto BIOFISIKA (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.S.); (A.B.G.-A.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Beatriz Abad
- SGIKER, Servicios Generales de Investigación (SGiker), Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (S.A.); (K.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Kevin Portune
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (S.A.); (K.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Fernando Andrade
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Alicia Martín-Nieto
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Olaia Velasco
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Eunate Arana
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Itziar Tueros
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (S.A.); (K.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Sonia Gaztambide
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Félix M. Goñi
- Instituto BIOFISIKA (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.S.); (A.B.G.-A.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Luis Castaño
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto BIOFISIKA (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.S.); (A.B.G.-A.); (F.M.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Botet-Carreras A, Montero MT, Sot J, Domènech Ò, Borrell JH. Engineering and development of model lipid membranes mimicking the HeLa cell membrane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Non-raft submicron domain formation in cholesterol-containing lipid bilayers induced by polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112235. [PMID: 34891064 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Domain formation in "HLC" ternary lipid bilayers, comprising a high transition temperature (High-Tm) lipid, a Low-Tm lipid, and cholesterol (Chol), has been extensively studied as raft-resembling systems. Recently, we reported the formation of submicron domains in an "LLC" lipid bilayer, encompassing Low-Tm phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), Low-Tm phosphatidylcholine (PC), and Chol. We hypothesized that the formation of this unique domain is driven by polyunsaturated PE. In this study, we explored the effects of the degree of PE unsaturation and the double bond distribution at the sn-position on the mechanism of formation and the composition of submicron domains. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), comprising PE with various degrees of unsaturation, monounsaturated PC (POPC), and Chol, were investigated using fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and the force-distance curve measurement. The area fraction of submicron domains in PE+POPC+Chol-SLB increased with the PE concentration and degree of unsaturation of the PE acyl chain. The results indicated that the submicron domains were enriched with polyunsaturated PE and were in the liquid-disordered-like state, whereas their surrounding regions were in the liquid-ordered-like state. Segregation of polyunsaturated PE from the Chol-containing region generated submicron domains in the LLC lipid bilayer. We propose a mechanism for the formation of these submicron domains based on molecular interactions involving the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the bilayer membrane.
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Xu W, Maqbool F, Kumar V, Falconer JR, Cui CS, Woodruff TM, Borges K, Whittaker AK, Smith MT, Han FY. Sustained-release ketamine-loaded lipid-particulate system: in vivo assessment in mice. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:2518-2526. [PMID: 34802093 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is used as an analgesic adjuvant in patients with chronic cancer-related pain. However, ketamine's short half-life requires frequent dose administration. Our aim was to develop a sustained release formulation of ketamine with high loading and to evaluate the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in mice. Here, ketamine hydrochloride sustained-release lipid particles (KSL) were developed using the thin-film hydration method. The mean (± SD) encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) of KSL were 65.6 (± 1.7)% and 72.4 (± 0.5)% respectively, and the mean (± SD) size of the lipid particles and the polydispersity index were 738 (± 137) nm and 0.44 (± 0.02) respectively. The release period of KSL in pH 7.4 medium was 100% complete within 8 h in vitro but a sustained-release profile was observed for more than 5 days after intravenous injection in mice. Importantly, the KSL formulation resulted in a 27-fold increase in terminal half-life, a threefold increase in systemic exposure (AUC0-∞), and a threefold decrease in clearance compared with the corresponding pharmacokinetics for intravenous ketamine itself. Our findings demonstrate high encapsulation efficiency of ketamine in the sustained-release KSL formulation with prolonged release in mice after systemic dose administration despite 100% in vitro release within 8 h that requires future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Faheem Maqbool
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James R Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Cedric S Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felicity Y Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Kaddah S, Khreich N, Kaddah F, Charcosset C, Greige-Gerges H. Pentacyclic triterpenes modulate liposome membrane fluidity and permeability depending on membrane cholesterol content. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121232. [PMID: 34744000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Since the membrane-related processes represent an integral part of the biological activities of drugs, their effect on the membrane dynamics is actually considered. In this study, we investigated the effect of pentacyclic triterpenes (TTPs), oleanolic acid (OA) and erythrodiol (ER), on the fluidity and permeability of liposomes membranes differing by their cholesterol content. All liposomes were prepared by reverse phase evaporation technique (REV). Spin-labeled liposomes exposed or not to TTPs were used for fluidity studies by using 5- and 16-doxyl stearic acids (DSA). TTPs-loaded liposomes (phospholipid:cholesterol of 1:1), and preformed vesicles exposed to TTPs were used for permeability studies by monitoring the release of sulforhodamine B (SRB) at 37 °C. The apparent release constants of SRB were determined by Higuchi model based on a biphasic curve shape (0-10 h; 10-48 h). TTPs-loaded liposomes were characterized for their size and homogeneity. Results showed that ER increased the membrane fluidity at the upper region of the membrane while the both TTPs produced a condensing effect at the deeper region of the membrane. The membrane composition was a critical parameter modulating the effect of TTPs on the membrane permeability. Also, this study consolidated the fact that a fluidizing membrane agent is not necessarily a permeabilizing-membrane compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Kaddah
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, France
| | - Nathalie Khreich
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Kaddah
- École Supérieure d'ingénieurs de Beyrouth, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Mar Roukoz-Dekwaneh, Lebanon
| | | | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon.
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Ridolfi A, Caselli L, Baldoni M, Montis C, Mercuri F, Berti D, Valle F, Brucale M. Stiffness of Fluid and Gel Phase Lipid Nanovesicles: Weighting the Contributions of Membrane Bending Modulus and Luminal Pressurization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12027-12037. [PMID: 34610740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biogenic membranous compartments are thought to be relevant in numerous biological processes; however, their quantitative measurement remains challenging for most of the already available force spectroscopy (FS)-based techniques. In particular, the debate on the mechanics of lipid nanovesicles and on the interpretation of their mechanical response to an applied force is still open. This is mostly due to the current lack of a unified model being able to describe the mechanical response of both gel and fluid phase lipid vesicles and to disentangle the contributions of membrane rigidity and luminal pressure. In this framework, we herein propose a simple model in which the interplay of membrane rigidity and luminal pressure to the overall vesicle stiffness is described as a series of springs; this approach allows estimating these two contributions for both gel and fluid phase liposomes. Atomic force microscopy-based FS, performed on both vesicles and supported lipid bilayers, is exploited for obtaining all the parameters involved in the model. Moreover, the use of coarse-grained full-scale molecular dynamics simulations allowed for better understanding of the differences in the mechanical responses of gel and fluid phase bilayers and supported the experimental findings. The results suggest that the pressure contribution is similar among all the probed vesicle types; however, it plays a dominant role in the mechanical response of lipid nanovesicles presenting a fluid phase membrane, while its contribution becomes comparable to the one of membrane rigidity in nanovesicles with a gel phase lipid membrane. The results presented herein offer a simple way to quantify two of the most important parameters in vesicle nanomechanics (membrane rigidity and internal pressurization), and as such represent a first step toward a currently unavailable, unified model for the mechanical response of gel and fluid phase lipid nanovesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ridolfi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Caselli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Baldoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercuri
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Lipid Self-Assemblies under the Atomic Force Microscope. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810085. [PMID: 34576248 PMCID: PMC8467407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid model membranes are important tools in the study of biophysical processes such as lipid self-assembly and lipid–lipid interactions in cell membranes. The use of model systems to adequate and modulate complexity helps in the understanding of many events that occur in cellular membranes, that exhibit a wide variety of components, including lipids of different subfamilies (e.g., phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols…), in addition to proteins and sugars. The capacity of lipids to segregate by themselves into different phases at the nanoscale (nanodomains) is an intriguing feature that is yet to be fully characterized in vivo due to the proposed transient nature of these domains in living systems. Model lipid membranes, instead, have the advantage of (usually) greater phase stability, together with the possibility of fully controlling the system lipid composition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool to detect the presence of meso- and nanodomains in a lipid membrane. It also allows the direct quantification of nanomechanical resistance in each phase present. In this review, we explore the main kinds of lipid assemblies used as model membranes and describe AFM experiments on model membranes. In addition, we discuss how these assemblies have extended our knowledge of membrane biophysics over the last two decades, particularly in issues related to the variability of different model membranes and the impact of supports/cytoskeleton on lipid behavior, such as segregated domain size or bilayer leaflet uncoupling.
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Cosentino K, Hermann E, von Kügelgen N, Unsay JD, Ros U, García-Sáez AJ. Force Mapping Study of Actinoporin Effect in Membranes Presenting Phase Domains. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090669. [PMID: 34564674 PMCID: PMC8473010 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equinatoxin II (EqtII) and Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) are pore-forming toxins (PFTs) from the actinoporin family that have enhanced membrane affinity in the presence of sphingomyelin (SM) and phase coexistence in the membrane. However, little is known about the effect of these proteins on the nanoscopic properties of membrane domains. Here, we used combined confocal microscopy and force mapping by atomic force microscopy to study the effect of EqtII and FraC on the organization of phase-separated phosphatidylcholine/SM/cholesterol membranes. To this aim, we developed a fast, high-throughput processing tool to correlate structural and nano-mechanical information from force mapping. We found that both proteins changed the lipid domain shape. Strikingly, they induced a reduction in the domain area and circularity, suggesting a decrease in the line tension due to a lipid phase height mismatch, which correlated with proteins binding to the domain interfaces. Moreover, force mapping suggested that the proteins affected the mechanical properties at the edge, but not in the bulk, of the domains. This effect could not be revealed by ensemble force spectroscopy measurements supporting the suitability of force mapping to study local membrane topographical and mechanical alterations by membranotropic proteins.
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Kulkarni JA, Chen S, Tam YYC. Scalable Production of Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Amphotericin B. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7312-7319. [PMID: 34101472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations have been developed to improve stability profiles, tolerability, and toxicity profiles of small molecule drugs. However, manufacture of such formulations involving lipophilic compounds can be labor-intensive and difficult to scale because of solubility and solvent compatibility issues. We have developed a rapid and scalable approach using rapid-mixing techniques to generate homogeneous lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of siRNA, triglycerides, and hydrophilic weak-base drugs. Here, we used this approach to entrap a hydrophobic small molecule, Amphotericin B (AmpB), a hydrophobic drug not soluble in ethanol. The three prototypes presented in this study were derived from LNP-siRNA systems, triglyceride nanoparticles, and liposomal systems. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) revealed that all three LNP-AmpB formulations retain structural characteristics of the parent (AmpB-free) LNPs, with particles remaining stable for at least 1 month. All formulations showed similar in vitro toxicity profiles in comparison to AmBisome. Importantly, the formulations have a 2.5-fold improved IC50 for fungal growth inhibition as compared to AmBisome in in vitro efficacy studies. These results demonstrate that the rapid-mixing technology combined with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for drugs insoluble in other organic solvents can be a powerful manufacturing method for the generation of stable LNP drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Sam Chen
- Integrated Nanotherapeutics Inc., 205-4475 Wayburne Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4X4, Canada
| | - Yuen Yi C Tam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Integrated Nanotherapeutics Inc., 205-4475 Wayburne Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4X4, Canada
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Kuo YC, Ng IW, Rajesh R. Glutathione- and apolipoprotein E-grafted liposomes to regulate mitogen-activated protein kinases and rescue neurons in Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112233. [PMID: 34225874 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), present biomedical challenges due to inability of pharmaceuticals to permeate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and lack of therapeutic specificity in definite sites against multiple pathologies. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-liposomes carrying curcumin (CURC), quercetin (QU), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and rosmarinic acid (RA) with crosslinked glutathione (GSH) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) were fabricated to recognize brain microvascular endothelial cells and amyloid beta (Aβ), and reduce tau protein hyperphosphorylation for AD management. Addition of stearic acid to liposomal bilayers ameliorated particle stability, promoted drug entrapment efficiency, and prolonged drug release duration. The triple targeting liposomes boosted the capability of CURC, QU, EGCG and RA for crossing the BBB with the assistance of grafted GSH and ApoE and docking Aβ around SK-N-MC cells using ApoE and PC. Moreover, GSH-ApoE-PC-liposomes benefited the 4 medicines in simultaneously transporting to Aβ1-42-insulted neurons, in functioning against hyperphosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases, including p-c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, p-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and p-p38, in downregulating tau protein at S202, caspase-3 and interleukin-6, and in upregulating p-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein. GSH-ApoE-PC-liposomes can be promising colloidal carriers in delivering CURC, QU, EGCG and RA to degenerated neural tissue in a controlled manner, targeting pathological factors for neuroprotection, and raising preclinical effectualness for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC; Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - I-Wen Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
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Gkionis L, Aojula H, Harris LK, Tirella A. Microfluidic-assisted fabrication of phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes for controlled drug delivery of chemotherapeutics. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120711. [PMID: 34015381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic enables precise control over the continuous mixing of fluid phases at the micrometre scale, aiming to optimize the processing parameters and to facilitate scale-up feasibility. The optimization of parameters to obtain monodispersed drug-loaded liposomes however is challenging. In this work, two phosphatidylcholines (PC) differing in acyl chain length were selected, and used to control the release of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin hydrochloride, an effective drug used to treat breast cancer. Microfluidics was used to rapidly screen manufacturing parameters and PC formulations to obtain monodispersed unilamellar liposomal formulations with a reproducible size (i.e. < 200 nm). Cholesterol was included in all liposomal formulations; some formulations also contained DMPC(1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and/or DSPC(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). Systematic variations in microfluidics total flow rate (TFR) settings were performed, while keeping a constant flow rate ratio (FRR). A total of six PC-based liposomes were fabricated using the optimal manufacturing parameters (TFR 500 μL/min, FRR 0.1) for the production of reproducible, stable liposome formulations with a narrow size distribution. Liposomes actively encapsulating doxorubicin exhibited high encapsulation efficiencies (>80%) for most of the six formulations, and sustained drug release profiles in vitro over 48 h. Drug release profiles varied as a function of the DMPC/DSPC mol content in the lipid bilayer, with DMPC-based liposomes exhibiting a sustained release of doxorubicin when compared to DSPC liposomes. The PC-based liposomes, with a slower release of doxorubicin, were tested in vitro, as to investigate their cytotoxic activity against three human breast cancer cell lines: the non-metastatic ER+/PR + MCF7 cells, the triple-negative aggressive MDA-MB 231 cells, and the metastatic HER2-overexpressing/PR + BT474 cells. Similar cytotoxicity levels to that of free doxorubicin were reported for DMPC5 and DMPC3 binary liposomes (IC50 ~ 1 μM), whereas liposomes composed of a single PC were less cytotoxic (IC50 ~ 3-4 μM). These results highlight that microfluidics is suitable for the manufacture of monodispersed and size-specific PC-based liposomes in a controlled single-step; furthermore, selected PC-based liposome represent promising nanomedicines for the prolonged release of chemotherapeutics, with the aim of improving outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Gkionis
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Harmesh Aojula
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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Goh MWS, Tero R. Cholesterol-induced microdomain formation in lipid bilayer membranes consisting of completely miscible lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183626. [PMID: 33901442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that a ternary lipid bilayer comprising phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), which were both derived from chicken egg, and cholesterol (Chol) generates microdomains that function as specific fusion sites for proteoliposomes. Chol-induced microdomain formation in a completely miscible lipid bilayer is an exceptional phenomenon. Numerous studies have elucidated the formation of domains in liquid ordered (Lo) and liquid disordered (Ld) phases of ternary bilayers, which comprise two partially miscible lipids and Chol. Herein, we investigated the composition and mechanism of formation of these unique microdomains in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) using a fluorescence microscope and an atomic force microscope (AFM). We prepared ternary SLBs using egg-derived PC (eggPC), Chol and three different types of PE: egg-derived PE, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PE, and 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-PE (diDHPE). Fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that fluid and continuous SLBs were formed at PE concentrations (CPE) of ≥6 mol%. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurement revealed that the microdomain was more fluid than the surrounding region that showed typical diffusion coefficient of the Lo phase. The microdomains were observed as depressions in the AFM topographies. Their area fraction (θ) increased with CPE, and diDHPE produced a significantly large θ among the three PEs. The microdomains in the PE+eggPC+Chol-SLBs were rich in polyunsaturated PE and were in the Ld-like phase. Associating eggPC and Chol caused polyunsaturated PE to segregate, resulting in a microdomain formation by conferring the umbrella effect on Chol, entropic effect of disordered acyl chains, and π-π interactions in the hydrophobic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Wei Shern Goh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Ryugo Tero
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
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Bar L, Cordoyiannis G, Neupane S, Goole J, Grosfils P, Losada-Pérez P. Asymmetric Lipid Transfer between Zwitterionic Vesicles by Nanoviscosity Measurements. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1087. [PMID: 33922325 PMCID: PMC8145678 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interest in nano-sized lipid vesicles in nano-biotechnology relies on their use as mimics for endosomes, exosomes, and nanocarriers for drug delivery. The interactions between nanoscale size lipid vesicles and cell membranes involve spontaneous interbilayer lipid transfer by several mechanisms, such as monomer transfer or hemifusion. Experimental approaches toward monitoring lipid transfer between nanoscale-sized vesicles typically consist of transfer assays by fluorescence microscopy requiring the use of labels or calorimetric measurements, which in turn require a large amount of sample. Here, the capability of a label-free surface-sensitive method, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), was used to monitor lipid transfer kinetics at minimal concentrations and to elucidate how lipid physicochemical properties influence the nature of the transfer mechanism and dictate its dynamics. By studying time-dependent phase transitions obtained from nanoviscosity measurements, the transfer rates (unidirectional or bidirectional) between two vesicle populations consisting of lipids with the same head group and differing alkyl chain length can be estimated. Lipid transfer is asymmetric and unidirectional from shorter-chain lipid donor vesicles to longer-chain lipid acceptor vesicles. The transfer is dramatically reduced when the vesicle populations are incubated at temperatures below the melting of one of the vesicle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bar
- Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics Group (EST), Department of Physics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - George Cordoyiannis
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Shova Neupane
- Physical Chemistry of Surfaces Group, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Jonathan Goole
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Campus de la Plaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Patrick Grosfils
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Department of Physics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Patricia Losada-Pérez
- Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics Group (EST), Department of Physics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
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Khadka NK, Timsina R, Rowe E, O'Dell M, Mainali L. Mechanical properties of the high cholesterol-containing membrane: An AFM study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183625. [PMID: 33891910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol (Chol) content in most cellular membranes does not exceed 50 mol%, only in the eye lens's fiber cell plasma membrane, its content surpasses 50 mol%. At this high concentration, Chol induces the formation of pure cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs), which coexist with the surrounding phospholipid-cholesterol domain (PCD). Here, we applied atomic force microscopy to study the mechanical properties of Chol/phosphatidylcholine membranes where the Chol content was increased from 0 to 75 mol%, relevant to eye lens membranes. The surface roughness of the membrane decreases with an increase of Chol content until it reaches 60 mol%, and roughness increases with a further increment in Chol content. We propose that the increased roughness at higher Chol content results from the formation of CBDs. Force spectroscopy on the membrane with Chol content of 50 mol% or lesser exhibited single breakthrough events, whereas two distinct puncture events were observed for membranes with the Chol content greater than 50 mol%. We propose that the first puncture force corresponds to the membranes containing coexisting PCD and CBDs. In contrast, the second puncture force corresponds to the "CBD water pocket" formed due to coexisting CBDs and PCD. Membrane area compressibility modulus (KA) increases with an increase in Chol content until it reaches 60 mol%, and with further increment in Chol content, CBDs are formed, and KA starts to decrease. Our results report the increase in membrane roughness and decrease KA at very high Chol content (>60 mol%) relevant to the eye lens membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal K Khadka
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Raju Timsina
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Erica Rowe
- Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Matthew O'Dell
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Laxman Mainali
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
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38
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El Hajj F, Fuchs PFJ, Urbach W, Nassereddine M, Hamieh S, Taulier N. Molecular Study of Ultrasound-Triggered Release of Fluorescein from Liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3868-3881. [PMID: 33769822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several investigations have suggested that ultrasound triggers the release of drugs encapsulated into liposomes at acoustic pressures low enough to avoid cavitation or high hyperthermia. However, the mechanism leading to this triggered release as well as the adequate composition of the liposome membrane remains unknown. Here, we investigate the ultrasound-triggered release of fluorescein disodium salt encapsulated into liposomes made of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) or 1,2-distearoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DSPC) lipids with various concentrations of cholesterol (from 0 to 44 mol %). The passive release of encapsulated fluorescein was first characterized. It was observed to be higher when the membrane is in a fluid phase and increased with temperature but decreased upon addition of cholesterol. Next, the release of fluorescein was measured at different acoustic frequencies (0.8, 1.1, and 3.3 MHz) and peak-to-peak pressures (0, 2, 2.5, 5, and 8 MPa). Measurements were performed at temperatures where DOPC and DSPC liposomes were, respectively, in the fluid or gel phase. We found that the release rate did not depend on the ultrasound frequency. For DOPC liposomes, the ultrasound-triggered release of fluorescein decreased with increasing concentration of cholesterol in liposomes, while the behavior was more complex for DSPC liposomes. Overall, the triggered release from DSPC liposomes was up to ten times less than DOPC liposomes. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on a pure DOPC membrane showed that a membrane experiences, under a directional pressure of ±2.4 MPa, various changes in properties such as the area per lipid (APL). An increase in the APL was notably observed when the simulation box was laterally stretched or perpendicularly compressed, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of water molecules crossing the membrane. This suggests that ultrasound most probably enhances the diffusion of encapsulated molecules at small acoustic pressures by increasing the distance between lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Hajj
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Libanaise, Hadath 1003, Liban
| | - Patrick F J Fuchs
- Université de Paris, UFR Sciences du Vivant, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Urbach
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Salah Hamieh
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Libanaise, Hadath 1003, Liban
| | - Nicolas Taulier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
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Tomsen-Melero J, Passemard S, García-Aranda N, Díaz-Riascos ZV, González-Rioja R, Nedergaard Pedersen J, Lyngsø J, Merlo-Mas J, Cristóbal-Lecina E, Corchero JL, Pulido D, Cámara-Sánchez P, Portnaya I, Ionita I, Schwartz S, Veciana J, Sala S, Royo M, Córdoba A, Danino D, Pedersen JS, González-Mira E, Abasolo I, Ventosa N. Impact of Chemical Composition on the Nanostructure and Biological Activity of α-Galactosidase-Loaded Nanovesicles for Fabry Disease Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7825-7838. [PMID: 33583172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency of α-galactosidase A (GLA), a lysosomal hydrolase. The enzyme replacement therapy administering naked GLA shows several drawbacks including poor biodistribution, limited efficacy, and relatively high immunogenicity in Fabry patients. An attractive strategy to overcome these problems is the use of nanocarriers for encapsulating the enzyme. Nanoliposomes functionalized with RGD peptide have already emerged as a good platform to protect and deliver GLA to endothelial cells. However, low colloidal stability and limited enzyme entrapment efficiency could hinder the further pharmaceutical development and the clinical translation of these nanoformulations. Herein, the incorporation of the cationic miristalkonium chloride (MKC) surfactant to RGD nanovesicles is explored, comparing two different nanosystems-quatsomes and hybrid liposomes. In both systems, the positive surface charge introduced by MKC promotes electrostatic interactions between the enzyme and the nanovesicles, improving the loading capacity and colloidal stability. The presence of high MKC content in quatsomes practically abolishes GLA enzymatic activity, while low concentrations of the surfactant in hybrid liposomes stabilize the enzyme without compromising its activity. Moreover, hybrid liposomes show improved efficacy in cell cultures and a good in vitro/in vivo safety profile, ensuring their future preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Tomsen-Melero
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Nanomol Technologies SL, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Solène Passemard
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Drug Delivery and Targeting, and Functional Validation and Preclinical Research (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zamira Vanessa Díaz-Riascos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Drug Delivery and Targeting, and Functional Validation and Preclinical Research (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon González-Rioja
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lyngsø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Josep Merlo-Mas
- Nanomol Technologies SL, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Edgar Cristóbal-Lecina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Corchero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Pulido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Cámara-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Drug Delivery and Targeting, and Functional Validation and Preclinical Research (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irina Portnaya
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Ionita
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Simó Schwartz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Drug Delivery and Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santi Sala
- Nanomol Technologies SL, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Córdoba
- Nanomol Technologies SL, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Dganit Danino
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Elisabet González-Mira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Drug Delivery and Targeting, and Functional Validation and Preclinical Research (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Banerjee S, Hashemi M, Zagorski K, Lyubchenko YL. Cholesterol in Membranes Facilitates Aggregation of Amyloid β Protein at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:506-516. [PMID: 33492944 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of amyloid β (1-42) (Aβ42) oligomers is considered to be a critical step in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying this process at physiologically low concentrations of Aβ42 remains unclear. We have previously shown that oligomers assemble at such low Aβ42 monomer concentrations in vitro on phospholipid membranes. We hypothesized that membrane composition is the factor controlling the aggregation process. Accumulation of cholesterol in membranes is associated with AD development, suggesting that insertion of cholesterol into membranes may initiate the Aβ42 aggregation, regardless of a low monomer concentration. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to test the hypothesis and directly visualize the aggregation process of Aβ42 on the surface of a lipid bilayer depending on the cholesterol presence. Time-lapse AFM imaging unambiguously demonstrates that cholesterol in the lipid bilayer significantly enhances the aggregation process of Aβ42 at nanomolar monomer concentration. Quantitative analysis of the AFM data shows that both the number of Aβ42 oligomers and their sizes grow when cholesterol is present. Importantly, the aggregation process is dynamic, so the aggregates assembled on the membrane can dissociate from the bilayer surface into the bulk solution. Computational modeling demonstrated that the lipid bilayer containing cholesterol had an elevated affinity to Aβ42. Moreover, monomers adopted the aggregation-prone conformations present in amyloid fibrils. The results lead to the model for the on-surface aggregation process in which the self-assembly of Aβ oligomers is controlled by the lipid composition of cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Mohtadin Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Karen Zagorski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Yuri L. Lyubchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
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The Impact of Lipid Handling and Phase Distribution on the Acoustic Behavior of Microbubbles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010119. [PMID: 33477843 PMCID: PMC7832861 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid-coated microbubbles are ultrasound contrast agents that can be employed for ultrasound molecular imaging and drug delivery. For safe and effective implementation, microbubbles must respond uniformly and predictably to ultrasound. Therefore, we investigated how lipid handling and phase distribution affected the variability in the acoustic behavior of microbubbles. Cholesterol was used to modify the lateral molecular packing of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC)-based microbubbles. To assess the effect of lipid handling, microbubbles were produced by a direct method, i.e., lipids directly dispersed in an aqueous medium or indirect method, i.e., lipids first dissolved in an organic solvent. The lipid phase and ligand distribution in the microbubble coating were investigated using confocal microscopy, and the acoustic response was recorded with the Brandaris 128 ultra-high-speed camera. In microbubbles with 12 mol% cholesterol, the lipids were miscible and all in the same phase, which resulted in more buckle formation, lower shell elasticity and higher shell viscosity. Indirect DSPC microbubbles had a more uniform response to ultrasound than direct DSPC and indirect DSPC-cholesterol microbubbles. The difference in lipid handling between direct and indirect DSPC microbubbles significantly affected the acoustic behavior. Indirect DSPC microbubbles are the most promising candidate for ultrasound molecular imaging and drug delivery applications.
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Tailoring solulan C24 based niosomes for transdermal delivery of donepezil: In vitro characterization, evaluation of pH sensitivity, and microneedle-assisted Ex vivo permeation studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Kamble S, Patil S, Kulkarni M, Appala VRM. Interleaflet Decoupling in a Lipid Bilayer at Excess Cholesterol Probed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Simulations. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:647-659. [PMID: 33221946 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Artificial lipid membranes are often investigated as a replica of the cell membrane in the form of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). In SLBs, the phase state of a lipid bilayer strongly depends on the presence of molecules such as cholesterol, ceramide, and physical parameters such as temperature. Cholesterol is a key molecule of biological membranes and it exerts condensing effect on lipid bilayers. In this paper, we demonstrate the influence of excess cholesterol content on a supported lipid bilayer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) (fluid-phase) using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show the condensation effect due to cholesterol addition up to 30% and interleaflet decoupling at excess cholesterol beyond 30%. SE results show the separation of individual leaflets of the bilayer and influence of cholesterol on the biophysical properties such as thickness and optical index. CG simulations were performed at different ratios of DOPC:cholesterol mixtures to explore cholesterol-driven bilayer properties and stability. The simulations displayed the accumulation of cholesterol molecules at the interface of the lower and upper leaflets of the bilayer, thus leading to undulations in the bilayer. This work reports the successful application of SE technique to study lipid-cholesterol interactions for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Kamble
- Department of Applied Physics, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) DU, Girinagar, Pune, India
| | - Snehal Patil
- Department of Applied Physics, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) DU, Girinagar, Pune, India
| | - Mandar Kulkarni
- Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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44
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Chloroform-Injection (CI) and Spontaneous-Phase-Transition (SPT) Are Novel Methods, Simplifying the Fabrication of Liposomes with Versatile Solution to Cholesterol Content and Size Distribution. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111065. [PMID: 33182248 PMCID: PMC7695269 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intricate formulation methods and/or the use of sophisticated equipment limit the prevalence of liposomal dosage-forms. Simple techniques are developed to assemble amphiphiles into globular lamellae while transiting from the immiscible organic to the aqueous phase. Various parameters are optimized by injecting chloroform solution of amphiphiles into the aqueous phase and subsequent removal of the organic phase. Further simplification is achieved by reorienting amphiphiles through a spontaneous phase transition in a swirling biphasic system during evaporation of the organic phase under vacuum. Although the chloroform injection yields smaller Z-average and poly-dispersity-index the spontaneous phase transition method overrides simplicity and productivity. The increasing solid/solvent ratios results in higher Z-average and broader poly-dispersity-index of liposomes under a given set of experimental conditions, and vice versa. Surface charge dependent large unilamellar vesicles with a narrow distribution have poly-dispersity-index < 0.4 in 10 μM saline. As small and monodisperse liposomes are prerequisites in targeted drug delivery strategies, hence the desired Z-average < 200 d.nm and poly-dispersity-index < 0.15 is obtained through the serial membrane-filtration method. Phosphatidylcholine/water 4 μmol/mL is achieved at a temperature of 10°C below the phase-transition temperature of phospholipids, ensuring suitability for thermolabile entities and high entrapment efficiency. Both methods furnish the de-novo rearrangement of amphiphiles into globular lamellae, aiding in the larger entrapped volume. The immiscible organic phase benefits from its faster and complete removal from the final product. High cholesterol content (55.6 mol%) imparts stability in primary hydration medium at 5 ± 3 °C for 6 months in light-protected type-1 glass vials. Collectively, the reported methods are novel, scalable and time-efficient, yielding high productivity in simple equipment.
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Siddiquee AM, Houri A, Messalea KA, Lin J, Daeneke T, Abbey B, Mechler A, Kou S. Nanoscale Probing of Cholesterol-Rich Domains in Single Bilayer Dimyristoyl-Phosphocholine Membranes Using Near-Field Spectroscopic Imaging. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9476-9484. [PMID: 33108191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is believed to induce the formation of membrane domains, "rafts", which are implicated in a range of natural and pathologic membrane processes. Therefore, it is important to understand the role that cholesterol plays in the formation of these structures. Here, we use label-free spectroscopic imaging to investigate cholesterol fractioning in supported bilayer membranes at nanoscale. Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) was used to visualize the formation of cholesterol-induced domains in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) membranes. Our results revealed the coexistence of phase separated domains in DMPC lipids with 10 mol % cholesterol content, whereas a mostly homogeneous bilayer was found at low (5 mol %) and high (15 mol %) cholesterol content. Near-field nano-FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the cholesterol-rich domains based on their qualitative chemical compositions. It was determined that cholesterol binds to phosphodiester and alkyl glycerol ester moieties, likely via hydrogen bonding of the alcohol to either of the ester oxygens. The results also confirm the existence of an ideal cholesterol-lipid mixture ratio (∼15:85) with a geometrically defined packing. At lower cholesterol content there is phase separation between liquid ordered and almost neat DMPC domains. Thus, the liquid ordered phase exists at an energy minimum at a given lipid-cholesterol ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif M Siddiquee
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Aamd Houri
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Kibret A Messalea
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Jiao Lin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Brian Abbey
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Shanshan Kou
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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46
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Redondo-Morata L, Losada-Pérez P, Giannotti MI. Lipid bilayers: Phase behavior and nanomechanics. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 86:1-55. [PMID: 33837691 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid membranes are involved in many physiological processes like recognition, signaling, fusion or remodeling of the cell membrane or some of its internal compartments. Within the cell, they are the ultimate barrier, while maintaining the fluidity or flexibility required for a myriad of processes, including membrane protein assembly. The physical properties of in vitro model membranes as model cell membranes have been extensively studied with a variety of techniques, from classical thermodynamics to advanced modern microscopies. Here we review the nanomechanics of solid-supported lipid membranes with a focus in their phase behavior. Relevant information obtained by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as complementary techniques in the nano/mesoscale interface is presented. Membrane morphological and mechanical characterization will be discussed in the framework of its phase behavior, phase transitions and coexistence, in simple and complex models, and upon the presence of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Redondo-Morata
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
| | - Patricia Losada-Pérez
- Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST) Group, Department of Physics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Inés Giannotti
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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47
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Vega M, Lurio L, Lal J, Karapetrova EA, Gaillard ER. Structure of supported DPPC/cholesterol bilayers studied via X-ray reflectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19089-19099. [PMID: 32807995 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electron density profile of bilayers of DPPC/cholesterol mixtures supported on semiconductor grade silicon substrates were studied with the objective of determining how the proximity of a solid interface modifies the phase diagram of mixed bilayers. The bilayers were studied in situ immersed in water via synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (XRR). Measurements were performed as a function of temperature through the main phase transition and cholesterol mole fractions up to 40%. Analysis of XRR yields the bilayer thickness, roughness and leaflet asymmetry. We find that the structure of the pure DPPC bilayers in the gel phase is in agreement with previous X-ray measurements of supported bilayers deposited via vesicle fusion and multilamellar vesicles but show more clearly defined features than measurements made on films formed using Langmuir-Blodget Langmuir-Shaffer (LB) deposition. Examination of bilayer thickness vs. temperature shows that the melting temperature for supported bilayers is shifted upwards by approximately 4 °C relative to multilamellar vesicles and that the melting temperature decreases with increasing cholesterol content up to 20%. For pure DPPC bilayers the leaflets melt in two stages with the distal leaflet melting first. For cholesterol concentrations of 10% and 20% there is no clear indication of separate melting. For 33% and 40% cholesterol content no clear transition is seen in the bilayer thickness, but an abrupt change in roughness indicates possible microdomain formation in the 40% cholesterol sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vega
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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Chiodini S, Ruiz-Rincón S, Garcia PD, Martin S, Kettelhoit K, Armenia I, Werz DB, Cea P. Bottom Effect in Atomic Force Microscopy Nanomechanics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000269. [PMID: 32761794 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of the rigid substrate on the determination of the sample Young's modulus, the so-called bottom-effect artifact, is demonstrated by an atomic force microscopy force-spectroscopy experiment. The nanomechanical properties of a one-component supported lipid membrane (SLM) exhibiting areas of two different thicknesses are studied: While a standard contact mechanics model (Sneddon) provides two different elastic moduli for these two morphologies, it is shown that Garcia's bottom-effect artifact correction yields a unique value, as expected for an intrinsic material property. Remarkably, it is demonstrated that the ratio between the contact radius (and not only the indentation) and the sample thickness is the key parameter addressing the relevance of the bottom-effect artifact. The experimental results are validated by finite element method simulations providing a solid support to Garcia's theory. The amphiphilic nature of the investigated material is representative of several kinds of lipids, suggesting that the results have far reaching implications for determining the correct Young's modulus of SLMs. The generality of Garcia's bottom-effect artifact correction allows its application to every kind of supported soft film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Chiodini
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Silvia Ruiz-Rincón
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Pablo D Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, ICMM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Santiago Martin
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Katharina Kettelhoit
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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49
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Leggio L, Arrabito G, Ferrara V, Vivarelli S, Paternò G, Marchetti B, Pignataro B, Iraci N. Mastering the Tools: Natural versus Artificial Vesicles in Nanomedicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000731. [PMID: 32864899 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles and artificially made vesicles represent important tools in nanomedicine for the efficient delivery of biomolecules and drugs. Since its first appearance in the literature 50 years ago, the research on vesicles is progressing at a fast pace, with the main goal of developing carriers able to protect cargoes from degradation, as well as to deliver them in a time- and space-controlled fashion. While natural occurring vesicles have the advantage of being fully compatible with their host, artificial vesicles can be easily synthetized and functionalized according to the target to reach. Research is striving to merge the advantages of natural and artificial vesicles, in order to provide a new generation of highly performing vesicles, which would improve the therapeutic index of transported molecules. This progress report summarizes current manufacturing techniques used to produce both natural and artificial vesicles, exploring the promises and pitfalls of the different production processes. Finally, pros and cons of natural versus artificial vesicles are discussed and compared, with special regard toward the current applications of both kinds of vesicles in the healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arrabito
- Department of Physics and Chemistry – Emilio Segrè University of Palermo Building 17, Viale delle Scienze Palermo 90128 Italy
| | - Vittorio Ferrara
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 Catania 95125 Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
| | - Greta Paternò
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
| | - Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
- Neuropharmacology Section OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging Troina 94018 Italy
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry – Emilio Segrè University of Palermo Building 17, Viale delle Scienze Palermo 90128 Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
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50
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Vázquez RF, Ovalle-García E, Antillón A, Ortega-Blake I, Bakás LS, Muñoz-Garay C, Maté SM. Asymmetric bilayers mimicking membrane rafts prepared by lipid exchange: Nanoscale characterization using AFM-Force spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183467. [PMID: 32871116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids-enriched rafts domains are proposed to occur in plasma membranes and to mediate important cellular functions. Notwithstanding, the asymmetric transbilayer distribution of phospholipids that exists in the membrane confers the two leaflets different potentials to form lateral domains as next to no sphingolipids are present in the inner leaflet. How the physical properties of one leaflet can influence the properties of the other and its importance on signal transduction across the membrane are questions still unresolved. In this work, we combined AFM imaging and Force spectroscopy measurements to assess domain formation and to study the nanomechanical properties of asymmetric supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) mimicking membrane rafts. Asymmetric SLBs were formed by incorporating N-palmitoyl-sphingomyelin (16:0SM) into the outer leaflet of preformed 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC)/Cholesterol SLBs through methyl-β-cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange. Lipid domains were detected after incorporation of 16:0SM though their phase state varied from gel to liquid ordered (Lo) phase if the procedure was performed at 24 or 37 °C, respectively. When comparing symmetric and asymmetric Lo domains, differences in size and morphology were observed, with asymmetric domains being smaller and more interconnected. Both types of Lo domains showed similar mechanical stability in terms of rupture forces and Young's moduli. Notably, force curves in asymmetric domains presented two rupture events that could be attributed to the sequential rupture of a liquid disordered (Ld) and a Lo phase. Interleaflet coupling in asymmetric Lo domains could also be inferred from those measurements. The experimental approach outlined here would significantly enhance the applicability of membrane models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina F Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT- La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Erasmo Ovalle-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Armando Antillón
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Iván Ortega-Blake
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Laura S Bakás
- Centro de Investigación en Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Garay
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Sabina M Maté
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT- La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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