1
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Abtahi M, Gheiratmand L, Dinesh A, Liu Y, Wong ECN, Cho H, Majonis D, Jackson HW, Mrkonjic M, Winnik MA. Testing a Nanoparticle Reagent for Imaging Mass Cytometry. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39189480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (MC), a powerful single-cell analysis technique, has limitations in detecting low-abundance biomarkers. Nanoparticle (NP) reagents offer the potential for enhancing sensitivity by carrying large numbers of heavy metal isotopes. Here, we report NP reporters for imaging mass cytometry (IMC) based on NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ NPs. A two-step ligand exchange was used to coat NP surfaces with either methoxy-PEG2K-neridronate (PEG-Ner) and/or poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)-neridronate (PSBMA-Ner). Both modifications provided long-term colloidal stability in PBS buffer. IMC measurements on tonsil tissue showed that PSBMA-Ner or a 1:1 mixture of PSBMA-Ner + PEG-Ner effectively suppressed nonspecific binding (NSB) at 2 × 1010 NPs/mL, unlike PEG-Ner alone. However, breast cancer tissue samples showed increased NSB at titers above 2 × 1010 NPs/mL. Reduced NSB with mixed PEG-Ner and PSBMA-Ner coatings opens the door for using heterobifunctional PEGs for the development of NP conjugates with bioaffinity agents, enabling more sensitive and specific MC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Abtahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ladan Gheiratmand
- Standard BioTools Canada Inc., Suite 400, 1380 Rodick Road, Markham, ON L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Anuroopa Dinesh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Edmond C N Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hyungjun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Daniel Majonis
- Standard BioTools Canada Inc., Suite 400, 1380 Rodick Road, Markham, ON L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Hartland W Jackson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Miralem Mrkonjic
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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2
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Arnett LP, Rana R, Chung WWY, Li X, Abtahi M, Majonis D, Bassan J, Nitz M, Winnik MA. Reagents for Mass Cytometry. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1166-1205. [PMID: 36696538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight detection [CyTOF]) is a bioanalytical technique that enables the identification and quantification of diverse features of cellular systems with single-cell resolution. In suspension mass cytometry, cells are stained with stable heavy-atom isotope-tagged reagents, and then the cells are nebulized into an inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS) instrument. In imaging mass cytometry, a pulsed laser is used to ablate ca. 1 μm2 spots of a tissue section. The plume is then transferred to the CyTOF, generating an image of biomarker expression. Similar measurements are possible with multiplexed ion bean imaging (MIBI). The unit mass resolution of the ICP-TOF-MS detector allows for multiparametric analysis of (in principle) up to 130 different parameters. Currently available reagents, however, allow simultaneous measurement of up to 50 biomarkers. As new reagents are developed, the scope of information that can be obtained by mass cytometry continues to increase, particularly due to the development of new small molecule reagents which enable monitoring of active biochemistry at the cellular level. This review summarizes the history and current state of mass cytometry reagent development and elaborates on areas where there is a need for new reagents. Additionally, this review provides guidelines on how new reagents should be tested and how the data should be presented to make them most meaningful to the mass cytometry user community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loryn P Arnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rahul Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Wilson Wai-Yip Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Xiaochong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mahtab Abtahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Daniel Majonis
- Standard BioTools Canada Inc. (formerly Fluidigm Canada Inc.), 1380 Rodick Road, Suite 400, Markham, OntarioL3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Jay Bassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
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3
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Lu E, Pichaandi J, Rastogi CK, Winnik MA. Effect of Excess Ligand on the Reverse Microemulsion Silica Coating of NaLnF 4 Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3316-3326. [PMID: 35231171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silica coating of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is widely employed as a means of providing colloidal stability in aqueous media and surface functionality for a variety of applications, particularly in biology. When the NPs are synthesized with a surface coating of an organic surfactant like oleic acid, silica coating is performed by using the reverse microemulsion method. There are many reports in the literature of the successful application of this method to NaYF4 upconversion NPs (doped with Yb and Er), and we have used this method to coat NaHoF4 NPs designed as a mass cytometry reagent. This method failed when we attempted to apply it to other NaLnF4 NPs (Ln = Sm, Eu, Tb). In this report we describe an investigation of the problem and show how it can be overcome. To control size in the synthesis of NaLnF4 NPs and at the same time maintain size uniformity, it is necessary to adjust the Na/F and F/Ln ratios. Problems with silica coating are associated with substoichiometric F/Ln ratios (F/Ln < 4) that leave Ln oleate salts as a byproduct, often as a phase-separated oily layer that could not be purified from the NPs by precipitation with ethanol and redispersion in hexanes. The nature of the oily byproduct was inferred from a combination of TGA, NMR, and FTIR measurements. We explored five different additional purification procedures, and by adopting the appropriate purification method, NaLnF4 NPs with a variety of compositions and synthesized using different reaction conditions could be coated with a thin shell of silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | | - Chandresh Kumar Rastogi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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4
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Mendez-Gonzalez D, Torres Vera V, Zabala Gutierrez I, Gerke C, Cascales C, Rubio-Retama J, G Calderón O, Melle S, Laurenti M. Upconverting Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media: Not a Dead-End Road. Avoiding Degradation by Using Hydrophobic Polymer Shells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105652. [PMID: 34897995 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The stunning optical properties of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have inspired promising biomedical technologies. Nevertheless, their transfer to aqueous media is often accompanied by intense luminescence quenching, partial dissolution by water, and even complete degradation by molecules such as phosphates. Currently, these are major issues hampering the translation of UCNPs to the clinic. In this work, a strategy is developed to coat and protect β-NaYF4 UCNPs against these effects, by growing a hydrophobic polymer shell (HPS) through miniemulsion polymerization of styrene (St), or St and methyl methacrylate mixtures. This allows one to obtain single core@shell UCNPs@HPS with a final diameter of ≈60-70 nm. Stability studies reveal that these HPSs serve as a very effective barrier, impeding polar molecules to affect UCNPs optical properties. Even more, it allows UCNPs to withstand aggressive conditions such as high dilutions (5 µg mL-1 ), high phosphate concentrations (100 mm), and high temperatures (70 °C). The physicochemical characterizations prove the potential of HPSs to overcome the current limitations of UCNPs. This strategy, which can be applied to other nanomaterials with similar limitations, paves the way toward more stable and reliable UCNPs with applications in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Mendez-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación, Sanitaria Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. De Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Vivian Torres Vera
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Irene Zabala Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Christoph Gerke
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación, Sanitaria Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. De Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Concepción Cascales
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jorge Rubio-Retama
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación, Sanitaria Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. De Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Oscar G Calderón
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Optics and Optometry Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón 118, Madrid, E-28037, Spain
| | - Sonia Melle
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Optics and Optometry Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón 118, Madrid, E-28037, Spain
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación, Sanitaria Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. De Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
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5
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Chen X, Zhuang Y, Rampal N, Hewitt R, Divitini G, O’Keefe CA, Liu X, Whitaker DJ, Wills JW, Jugdaohsingh R, Powell JJ, Yu H, Grey CP, Scherman OA, Fairen-Jimenez D. Formulation of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Drug Carriers by Controlled Coordination of Methoxy PEG Phosphate: Boosting Colloidal Stability and Redispersibility. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13557-13572. [PMID: 34357768 PMCID: PMC8414479 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework nanoparticles (nanoMOFs) have been widely studied in biomedical applications. Although substantial efforts have been devoted to the development of biocompatible approaches, the requirement of tedious synthetic steps, toxic reagents, and limitations on the shelf life of nanoparticles in solution are still significant barriers to their translation to clinical use. In this work, we propose a new postsynthetic modification of nanoMOFs with phosphate-functionalized methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG-PO3) groups which, when combined with lyophilization, leads to the formation of redispersible solid materials. This approach can serve as a facile and general formulation method for the storage of bare or drug-loaded nanoMOFs. The obtained PEGylated nanoMOFs show stable hydrodynamic diameters, improved colloidal stability, and delayed drug-release kinetics compared to their parent nanoMOFs. Ex situ characterization and computational studies reveal that PEGylation of PCN-222 proceeds in a two-step fashion. Most importantly, the lyophilized, PEGylated nanoMOFs can be completely redispersed in water, avoiding common aggregation issues that have limited the use of MOFs in the biomedical field to the wet form-a critical limitation for their translation to clinical use as these materials can now be stored as dried samples. The in vitro performance of the addition of mPEG-PO3 was confirmed by the improved intracellular stability and delayed drug-release capability, including lower cytotoxicity compared with that of the bare nanoMOFs. Furthermore, z-stack confocal microscopy images reveal the colocalization of bare and PEGylated nanoMOFs. This research highlights a facile PEGylation method with mPEG-PO3, providing new insights into the design of promising nanocarriers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- The
Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (AML),
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Yunhui Zhuang
- The
Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (AML),
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Nakul Rampal
- The
Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (AML),
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Rachel Hewitt
- Biominerals
Research Laboratory & Cellular Imaging and Analysis Facility,
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron
Microscopy Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United
Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. O’Keefe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Xiewen Liu
- The
Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (AML),
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Whitaker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - John W. Wills
- Biominerals
Research Laboratory & Cellular Imaging and Analysis Facility,
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biominerals
Research Laboratory & Cellular Imaging and Analysis Facility,
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan J. Powell
- Biominerals
Research Laboratory & Cellular Imaging and Analysis Facility,
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Han Yu
- School
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- The
Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (AML),
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
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6
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Cordonnier A, Boyer D, Besse S, Valleix R, Mahiou R, Quintana M, Briat A, Benbakkar M, Penault-Llorca F, Maisonial-Besset A, Maunit B, Tarrit S, Vivier M, Witkowski T, Mazuel L, Degoul F, Miot-Noirault E, Chezal JM. Synthesis and in vitro preliminary evaluation of prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted upconversion nanoparticles as a first step towards radio/fluorescence-guided surgery of prostate cancer. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7423-7434. [PMID: 34373887 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00777g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) have been widely investigated in nanomedicine due to their high potential as imaging agents in the near-infrared (NIR) optical window of biological tissues. Here, we successfully develop active targeted UCNP as potential probes for dual NIR-NIR fluorescence and radioactive-guided surgery of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)(+) prostate cancers. We designed a one-pot thermolysis synthesis method to obtain oleic acid-coated spherical NaYF4:Yb,Tm@NaYF4 core/shell UCNP with narrow particle size distribution (30.0 ± 0.1 nm, as estimated by SAXS analysis) and efficient upconversion luminescence. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands bearing different anchoring groups (phosphate, bis- and tetra-phosphonate-based) were synthesized and used to hydrophilize the UCNP. DLS studies led to the selection of a tetra-phosphonate PEG(2000) ligand affording water-dispersible UCNP with sustained colloidal stability in several aqueous media. PSMA-targeting ligands (i.e., glutamate-urea-lysine derivatives called KuEs) and fluorescent or radiolabelled prosthetic groups were grafted onto the UCNP surface by strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). These UCNP, coated with 10 or 100% surface density of KuE ligands, did not induce cytotoxicity over 24 h incubation in LNCaP-Luc or PC3-Luc prostate cancer cell lines or in human fibroblasts for any of the concentrations evaluated. Competitive binding assays and flow cytometry demonstrated the excellent affinity of UCNP@KuE for PSMA-positive LNCaP-Luc cells compared with non-targeted UCNP@CO2H. Furthermore, the binding of UCNP@KuE to prostate tumour cells was positively correlated with the surface density of PSMA-targeting ligands and maintained after 125I-radiolabelling. Finally, a preliminary biodistribution study in LNCaP-Luc-bearing mice demonstrated the radiochemical stability of non-targeted [125I]UCNP paving the way for future in vivo assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Cordonnier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. and Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Boyer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Besse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Rodolphe Valleix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rachid Mahiou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mercedes Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Arnaud Briat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Mhammed Benbakkar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, UMR 6524, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. and Department of Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Benoit Maunit
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Sébastien Tarrit
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Magali Vivier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Tiffany Witkowski
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Leslie Mazuel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Françoise Degoul
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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7
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Kumar B, Malhotra K, Fuku R, Van Houten J, Qu GY, Piunno PA, Krull UJ. Recent trends in the developments of analytical probes based on lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Peltomaa R, Benito-Peña E, Gorris HH, Moreno-Bondi MC. Biosensing based on upconversion nanoparticles for food quality and safety applications. Analyst 2021; 146:13-32. [PMID: 33205784 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01883j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Food safety and quality regulations inevitably call for sensitive and accurate analytical methods to detect harmful contaminants in food and to ensure safe food for the consumer. Both novel and well-established biorecognition elements, together with different transduction schemes, enable the simple and rapid analysis of various food contaminants. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are inorganic nanocrystals that convert near-infrared light into shorter wavelength emission. This unique photophysical feature, along with narrow emission bandwidths and large anti-Stokes shift, render UCNPs excellent optical labels for biosensing because they can be detected without optical background interferences from the sample matrix. In this review, we show how this exciting technique has evolved into biosensing platforms for food quality and safety monitoring and highlight recent applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Peltomaa
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
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9
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Delgado-Gonzalez A, Sanchez-Martin RM. Mass Cytometry Tags: Where Chemistry Meets Single-Cell Analysis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:657-664. [PMID: 33320535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mass cytometry is a highly multiparametric proteomic technology that allows the measurement and quantification of nearly 50 markers with single-cell resolution. Mass cytometry reagents are probes tagged with metal isotopes of defined mass and act as reporters. Metals are detected using inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS). Many different types of mass-tag reagents have been developed to afford myriad applications. We have classified these compounds into polymer-based mass-tag reagents, nonpolymer-based mass-tag reagents, and inorganic nanoparticles. Metal-chelating polymers (MCPs) are widely used to profile and quantify cellular biomarkers; however, both the range of metals that can be detected and the metal signals have to be improved. Several strategies such as the inclusion of chelating agents or highly branched polymers may overcome these issues. Biocompatible materials such as polystyrene and inorganic nanoparticles are also of profound interest in mass cytometry. While polystyrene allows the inclusion of a wide variety of metals, the high metal content of inorganic nanoparticles offers an excellent opportunity to increase the signal from the metals to detect low-abundance biomarkers. Nonpolymer-based mass-tag reagents offer multiple applications: cell detection, cell cycle property determination, biomarker detection, and mass-tag cellular barcoding (MCB). Recent developments have been achieved in live cell barcoding by targeting proteins (CD45, b2m, and CD298), by using small and nonpolar probes or by ratiometric barcoding. From this perspective, the principal applications, strengths, and shortcomings of mass-tag reagents are highlighted, summarized, and discussed, with special emphasis on mass-tag reagents for MCB. Thereafter, the future perspectives of mass-tag reagents are discussed considering the current state-of-the-art technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Delgado-Gonzalez
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.,GENYO, Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, P.T. Ciencias de la Salud 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario M Sanchez-Martin
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.,GENYO, Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, P.T. Ciencias de la Salud 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
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10
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Kostiv U, Kučka J, Lobaz V, Kotov N, Janoušková O, Šlouf M, Krajnik B, Podhorodecki A, Francová P, Šefc L, Jirák D, Horák D. Highly colloidally stable trimodal 125I-radiolabeled PEG-neridronate-coated upconversion/magnetic bioimaging nanoprobes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20016. [PMID: 33208804 PMCID: PMC7675969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
"All-in-one" multifunctional nanomaterials, which can be visualized simultaneously by several imaging techniques, are required for the efficient diagnosis and treatment of many serious diseases. This report addresses the design and synthesis of upconversion magnetic NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+(Tm3+) nanoparticles by an oleic acid-stabilized high-temperature coprecipitation of lanthanide precursors in octadec-1-ene. The nanoparticles, which emit visible or UV light under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, were modified by in-house synthesized PEG-neridronate to facilitate their dispersibility and colloidal stability in water and bioanalytically relevant phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was determined using HeLa cells and human fibroblasts (HF). Subsequently, the particles were modified by Bolton-Hunter-neridronate and radiolabeled by 125I to monitor their biodistribution in mice using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The upconversion and the paramagnetic properties of the NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+(Tm3+)@PEG nanoparticles were evaluated by photoluminescence, magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 1 T and 4.7 T preclinical scanners. MRI data were obtained on phantoms with different particle concentrations and during pilot long-time in vivo observations of a mouse model. The biological and physicochemical properties of the NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+(Tm3+)@PEG nanoparticles make them promising as a trimodal optical/MRI/SPECT bioimaging and theranostic nanoprobe for experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kučka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Lobaz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolay Kotov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Bartosz Krajnik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Podhorodecki
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pavla Francová
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Šefc
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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11
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Meijer M, Natile MM, Bonnet S. 796 nm Activation of a Photocleavable Ruthenium(II) Complex Conjugated to an Upconverting Nanoparticle through Two Phosphonate Groups. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14807-14818. [PMID: 32167752 PMCID: PMC7581297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The biological application of photoactivatable ruthenium anticancer prodrugs is limited by the need to use poorly penetrating high-energy visible light for their activation. Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), which produce high-energy light under near-infrared (NIR) excitation, can solve this issue, provided that they form stable, water (H2O)-dispersible nanoconjugates with the prodrug and that there is efficient energy transfer from the UCNP to the ruthenium complex. Herein, we report on the synthesis and photochemistry of the ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)2(3H)](PF6)2 ([1](PF6)2), where bpy = 2,2-bipyridine and 3H is a photocleavable bis(thioether) ligand modified with two phosphonate moieties. This ligand was coordinated to the ruthenium center through its thioether groups and could be dissociated under blue-light irradiation. Complex [1](PF6)2 was bound to the surface of NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+@NaYF4:Nd3+@NaYF4 core-shell-shell (CSS-)UCNPs through its bis(phosphonate) group, thereby creating a H2O-dispersible, thermally stable nanoconjugate (CSS-UCNP@[1]). Conjugation to the nanoparticle surface was found to be most efficient in neutral to slightly basic conditions, resulting in up to 2.4 × 103 RuII ions per UCNP. The incorporation of a neodymium-doped shell layer allowed for the generation of blue light using low-energy, deep-penetrating light (796 nm). This wavelength prevents the undesired heating seen with conventional UCNPs activated at 980 nm. Irradiation of CSS-UCNP@[1] with NIR light led to activation of the ruthenium complex [1](PF6)2. Although only one of the two thioether groups was dissociated under irradiation at 50 W·cm-2, we provide the first demonstration of the photoactivation of a ruthenium thioether complex using 796 nm irradiation of a H2O-dispersible nanoconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
S. Meijer
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta M. Natile
- Institute
of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National
Research Council (CNR), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Toledo L, Palacio DA, Urbano BF. Tuning the softness of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanocomposite hydrogels through the addition of PEG coated nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:749-757. [PMID: 32570144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In nanocomposites, several factors govern the enhancement of properties when a nanofiller is added into a polymer matrix. Previously, our group have demonstrated that stabilizing nanoparticles improves the dispersion of nanoparticles in a hydrogel, but their effect on viscoelastic properties remain unclear. We hypothesized that coating the nanoparticles will block matrix-nanoparticle interactions, which would then affect the transfer of stress when the hydrogel is subjected to stress. EXPERIMENT To this end, we investigated the effects that nanofillers coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of variable molar mass have on the properties of physical hydrogels made from poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). PEG with molar masses of 6, 20, and 35 kDa were used at different concentrations and the viscoelastic properties of the resulting hydrogels were studied and compared with control hydrogels with and without nanofillers. FINDINGS The coated nanofiller resulted in enhanced dispersion stabilization as the molar mass and concentration of the PEG increased. However, there were noticeable changes in viscoelastic properties. In general, the nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited reduced shear modulus, greater creep, and more accentuated shear thinning behaviour. These effects were attributed to hindered matrix-nanoparticle interactions because of the PEG coating, an increased slippage of the PHEMA chains as well as a plasticizing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Toledo
- Departmento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniel A Palacio
- Departmento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bruno F Urbano
- Departmento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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13
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Kostiv U, Farka Z, Mickert MJ, Gorris HH, Velychkivska N, Pop-Georgievski O, Pastucha M, Odstrčilíková E, Skládal P, Horák D. Versatile Bioconjugation Strategies of PEG-Modified Upconversion Nanoparticles for Bioanalytical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4502-4513. [PMID: 32392042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) display highly beneficial photophysical features for background-free bioimaging and bioanalysis; however, they are instable in high ionic strength buffers, have no functional groups, and are nonspecifically interacting. Here, we have prepared NIR-excitable UCNPs that are long-term colloidally stable in buffered media and possess functional groups. Heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers bearing neridronate and alkyne or maleimide were attached to UCNPs via a ligand exchange. Streptavidin (SA)-conjugates were prepared by click reaction of UCNP@PEG-alkyne and SA-azide. Antihuman serum albumin pAbF antibody was modified with azide groups and conjugated to UCNP@PEG-alkyne via click reaction; alternatively, the antibody, after mild reduction of its disulfide bonds, was conjugated to UCNP@PEG-maleimide. We employed these nanoconjugates as labels for an upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay. SA-based labels achieved the lowest LOD of 0.17 ng/mL for the target albumin, which was superior compared to a fluorescence immunoassay (LOD 0.59 ng/mL) or an enzyme-linked immunoassay (LOD 0.56 ng/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias J Mickert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadiia Velychkivska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Pastucha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Odstrčilíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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14
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Pichaandi J, Zhao G, Bouzekri A, Lu E, Ornatsky O, Baranov V, Nitz M, Winnik MA. Lanthanide nanoparticles for high sensitivity multiparameter single cell analysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2965-2974. [PMID: 30996875 PMCID: PMC6427950 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass cytometry (MC) is a high throughput multiparameter analytical technique for determining biomarker expression in cells. In MC, antibodies (Abs) are tagged with heavy metal isotopes via conjugation to metal chelating polymers (MCPs). To improve the sensitivity of MC towards low abundance biomarkers, we are developing nanoparticle (NP)-based reagents as mass tags for Abs. We examine the use of silica-coated NaHoF4 NPs (d ∼ 12 nm) decorated with PEG5k conjugated to thiol-modified primary or secondary Abs for MC assays. We compare the sensitivity of NP-Ab conjugates to MCP-Ab conjugates towards seven biomarkers with varying expression levels across six cell lines. We also perform a multi-parameter assay using a cocktail of both NP- and MCP-based reagents to detect seven cellular markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In the case of highly abundant markers, signal enhancements from NP-Ab conjugates offer minimal advantages over MCP-Ab conjugates, which already give strong signals. In the case of biomarkers with lower abundance, the level of signal enhancements depended on the nature of the biomarker being detected, or on the type of detection method used. When comparing the indirect detection of CD14 on THP-1 cells using NPs or MCPs conjugated to secondary Abs, the NP reagents offered little signal enhancements compared to the MCP reagents. However, in the case of direct CD14 detection on THP-1 or U937 cells using NPs or MCPs conjugated to primary Abs, a 30- or 450-fold signal enhancement was seen from the NP-based reagent. In the experiments where both NP-Ab and MCP-Ab conjugates were used together to stain PBMCs, we found that the presence of the NP-Ab conjugates did not affect the function of MCP-Ab conjugates, and the NP-Ab conjugates showed minimal non-specific interaction with cells without the target biomarker (CD14). Furthermore, these NP-Ab conjugates could be used to identify rare CD14+ monocytes from the PBMC mixture with a 20-fold signal increase when compared to the use of only MCP-Ab conjugates. Collectively, the strong signal amplification obtained from NP reagents demonstrate the potential of these reagents to be used in conjunction with MCP-reagents to detect rare cellular markers or cell types that may otherwise be overlooked when using MCP-reagents alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothirmayanantham Pichaandi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . ;
| | - Guangyao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . ;
| | - Alexandre Bouzekri
- Fluidigm Canada Inc. , 1380 Rodick Road , Markham , Ontario L3R 4G5 , Canada
| | - Elsa Lu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . ;
| | - Olga Ornatsky
- Fluidigm Canada Inc. , 1380 Rodick Road , Markham , Ontario L3R 4G5 , Canada
| | - Vladimir Baranov
- Fluidigm Canada Inc. , 1380 Rodick Road , Markham , Ontario L3R 4G5 , Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . ;
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . ;
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15
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Han G, Spitzer MH, Bendall SC, Fantl WJ, Nolan GP. Metal-isotope-tagged monoclonal antibodies for high-dimensional mass cytometry. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:2121-2148. [PMID: 30258176 PMCID: PMC7075473 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in single-cell mass cytometry have increasingly improved highly multidimensional characterization of immune cell heterogeneity. The immunoassay multiplexing capacity relies on monoclonal antibodies labeled with stable heavy-metal isotopes. To date, a variety of rare-earth elements and noble and post-transition metal isotopes have been used in mass cytometry; nevertheless, the methods used for antibody conjugation differ because of the individual metal coordination chemistries and distinct stabilities of various metal cations. Herein, we provide three optimized protocols for conjugating monoclonal IgG antibodies with 48 high-purity heavy-metal isotopes: (i) 38 isotopes of lanthanides, 2 isotopes of indium, and 1 isotope of yttrium; (ii) 6 isotopes of palladium; and (iii) 1 isotope of bismuth. Bifunctional chelating agents containing coordinative ligands of monomeric DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) or polymeric pentetic acid (DTPA) were used to stably sequester isotopic cations in aqueous solutions and were subsequently coupled to IgG antibodies using site-specific biorthogonal reactions. Furthermore, quantification methods based on antibody inherent absorption at 280 nm and on extrinsic absorption at 562 nm after staining with bicinchoninic acid (BCA) are reported to determine metal-isotope-tagged antibodies. In addition, a freeze-drying procedure to prepare palladium isotopic mass tags is described. To demonstrate the utility, experiments using six palladium-tagged CD45 antibodies for barcoding assays of live immune cells in cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) are described. Conjugation of pure isotopes of lanthanides, indium, or yttrium takes ~3.5 h. Conjugation of bismuth takes ~4 h. Preparation of palladium mass tags takes ~8 h. Conjugation of pure isotopes of palladium takes ~2.5 h. Antibody titration takes ~4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Han
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Cruje C, Dunmore-Buyze J, MacDonald JP, Holdsworth DW, Drangova M, Gillies ER. Polymer Assembly Encapsulation of Lanthanide Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for In Vivo Micro-CT. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:896-905. [PMID: 29438616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent technological advancements in microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and contrast agent development, preclinical contrast agents are still predominantly iodine-based. Higher contrast can be achieved when using elements with higher atomic numbers, such as lanthanides; lanthanides also have X-ray attenuation properties that are ideal for spectral CT. However, the formulation of lanthanide-based contrast agents at the high concentrations required for vascular imaging presents a significant challenge. In this work, we developed an erbium-based contrast agent that meets micro-CT imaging requirements, which include colloidal stability upon redispersion at high concentrations, evasion of rapid renal clearance, and circulation times of tens of minutes in small animals. Through systematic studies with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-poly(propylene glycol), PEG-polycaprolactone, and PEG-poly(l-lactide) (PLA) block copolymers, the amphiphilic block copolymer PEG114-PLA53 was identified to be ideal for encapsulating oleate-coated lanthanide-based nanoparticles for in vivo intravenous administration. We were able to synthesize a contrast agent containing 100 mg/mL of erbium that could be redispersed into colloidally stable particles in saline after lyophilization. Contrast enhancement of over 250 HU was achieved in the blood pool for up to an hour, thereby meeting the requirements of live animal micro-CT.
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17
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Barman SR, Nain A, Jain S, Punjabi N, Mukherji S, Satija J. Dendrimer as a multifunctional capping agent for metal nanoparticles for use in bioimaging, drug delivery and sensor applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2368-2384. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03344c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various strategies (single & multi-pot) to synthesize dendrimer-coated metal nanoparticles and their exploration in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Nain
- School of Biosciences and Technology
- VIT Vellore
- India
| | - Saumey Jain
- School of Biosciences and Technology
- VIT Vellore
- India
| | - Nirmal Punjabi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Soumyo Mukherji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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18
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Duong HTT, Chen Y, Tawfik SA, Wen S, Parviz M, Shimoni O, Jin D. Systematic investigation of functional ligands for colloidal stable upconversion nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4842-4849. [PMID: 35539541 PMCID: PMC9077784 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13765f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense efforts on surface functionalization to generate hydrophilic upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), long-term colloidal stability in physiological buffers remains a major concern. Here we quantitatively investigate the competitive adsorption of phosphate, carboxylic acid and sulphonic acid onto the surface of UCNPs and study their binding strength to identify the best conjugation strategy. To achieve this, we designed and synthesized three di-block copolymers composed of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate and a polymer block bearing phosphate, carboxylic or sulphonic acid anchoring groups prepared by an advanced polymerization technique, Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT). Analytical tools provide the evidence that phosphate ligands completely replaced all the oleic acid capping molecules on the surface of the UCNPs compared with incomplete ligand exchange by carboxylic and sulphonic acid groups. Meanwhile, simulated quantitative adsorption energy measurements confirmed that among the three functional groups, the calculated adsorption strength for phosphate anchoring ligands is higher which is in good agreement with experimental results regarding the best colloidal stability, especially in phosphate buffer solution. This finding suggests that polymers with multiple anchoring negatively charged phosphate moieties provide excellent colloidal stability for lanthanide ion-doped luminescent nanoparticles for various potential applications. Here we quantitatively investigate the competitive adsorption of polymers bearing phosphate, carboxylic acid and sulphonic acid anchoring groups onto the surface of UCNPs and study their binding strength to identify the best conjugation strategy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien T. T. Duong
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- University of Technology
- Sydney
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- University of Technology
- Sydney
| | - Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- University of Technology
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Shihui Wen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- University of Technology
- Sydney
| | - Maryam Parviz
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- University of Technology
- Sydney
| | - Olga Shimoni
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- University of Technology
- Sydney
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- University of Technology
- Sydney
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19
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Dragoman RM, Grogg M, Bodnarchuk MI, Tiefenboeck P, Hilvert D, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV. Surface-Engineered Cationic Nanocrystals Stable in Biological Buffers and High Ionic Strength Solutions. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 29:9416-9428. [PMID: 29606797 PMCID: PMC5871342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Progress in colloidal synthesis in the last two decades has enabled high-quality semiconductor, plasmonic, and magnetic nanocrystals (NCs). As synthesized, these NCs are usually capped with long-chain apolar ligands. Postsynthetic surface functionalization is required for rendering such NCs colloidally stable in polar media such as water. However, unlike small anionic molecules and polymeric coatings, producing positively charged stable NCs, especially at high ionic strengths, has remained challenging. Here, we present a general approach to achieve aqueously stable cationic NCs using a set of small (<2.5 nm long) positively charged ligands. The applicability of this method is demonstrated for a variety of materials including semiconductor CdSe/CdS core/shell NCs, magnetic Fe@Fe3O4, Fe3O4, and FePt NCs, and three different classes of plasmonic Au NCs including large nanorods. The obtained cationic NCs typically have zeta potential values ranging from +30 to +60 mV and retain colloidal stability for days to months, depending on NC/ligand pair, in several biological buffers at elevated pH and in concentrated salt solutions. This allowed us to demonstrate site-specific staining of cellular structures using fluorescent cationic NCs with several different surface chemistries. Furthermore, colloidal stability of the obtained NCs in the presence of other charged species allowed the assembly of cationic and anionic counterparts driven primarily by electrostatic attraction. With this approach, we prepare highly uniform 3D and 2D binary mixtures of NCs through induced homogeneous aggregation and alternating-charge layer-by-layer deposition, respectively. Such binary mixtures may provide a new route in the engineering of nanocrystalline solids for electronics, thermoelectrics, and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Dragoman
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Grogg
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter Tiefenboeck
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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20
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Que Y, Feng C, Lu G, Huang X. Polymer-Coated Ultrastable and Biofunctionalizable Lanthanide Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14647-14655. [PMID: 28403612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-containing nanoparticles (LnNPs), for example, NaYF4, are considered to be one of the most promising platforms for biological and material applications due to their unique and unusual magnetic and upconversion fluorescent properties. However, limited water dispersity, low long-term colloidal stability, and difficulty in further functionalization greatly narrow the scope of their application in the real world. Herein, we report a facile strategy to counter the aforementioned barriers to the expanding use of LnNPs that involves surface-coating the LnNPs with poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate)/phosphonic acid and subsequently shell cross-linking with NH2-PEG-NH2. The cross-linked PEG layer provided good water dispersity, nonfouling characteristics, and excellent long-term colloidal stability in phosphate-buffered saline in the range of 25-60 °C, whereas the high reactivity of the pentafluorophenyl ester with the amino group brought about ease of incorporation of functional moieties into LnNPs. Particularly, it was found for the first time that LnNPs with surface coating could endure the freeze-drying process without any sign of aggregation, which would not only greatly decrease the weight and storage and shipping room but also increase the storage shelf life with the preservation of their inherent properties, especially for LnNPs with some fragile bioconjugates while in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Que
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Buchner M, Muhr V, Himmelstoß SF, Thomas H. 4 Functionalization Aspects of Water Dispersible Upconversion Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315371535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Xu Y. Synthesis of Pt Nanoparticles Anchored on Polyamidoamine-Modified Hollow Silica Nanospheres for Catalytic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-016-0354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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He B, Zhou L. Efficient tailoring of the surface of upconversion nanoparticles via surface-initiated cationic ring-opening polymerization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18922e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper present for the first time that cationic ring-opening polymerization technique can be employed as an effective tool to decorate the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with diverse polymers so as to endow the UCNPs with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzhao He
- Guangxi Ministry-Province Jointly-Constructed Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metal and Featured Materials
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials (Ministry of Education)
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
| | - Li Zhou
- Guangxi Ministry-Province Jointly-Constructed Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metal and Featured Materials
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials (Ministry of Education)
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
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