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Song Y, Zeng M, Wang X, Shi P, Fei M, Zhu J. Hierarchical Engineering of Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209134. [PMID: 37246306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting water from air in sorption-based devices is a promising solution to decentralized water production, aiming for providing potable water anywhere, anytime. This technology involves a series of coupled processes occurring at distinct length scales, ranging from nanometer to meter and even larger, including water sorption/desorption at the nanoscale, condensation at the mesoscale, device development at the macroscale and water scarcity assessment at the global scale. Comprehensive understanding and bespoke designs at every scale are thus needed to improve the water-harvesting performance. For this purpose, a brief introduction of the global water crisis and its key characteristics is provided to clarify the impact potential and design criteria of water harvesters. Next the latest molecular-level optimizations of sorbents for efficient moisture capture and release are discussed. Then, novel microstructuring of surfaces to enhance dropwise condensation, which is favorable for atmospheric water generation, is shown. After that, system-level optimizations of sorbent-assisted water harvesters to achieve high-yield, energy-efficient, and low-cost water harvesting are highlighted. Finally, future directions toward practical sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Zeng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Peiru Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Minfei Fei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
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Dynamic wetting of various liquids: Theoretical models, experiments, simulations and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102861. [PMID: 36842344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic wetting is a ubiquitous phenomenon and frequently observed in our daily life, as exemplified by the famous lotus effect. It is also an interfacial process of upmost importance involving many cutting-edge applications and has hence received significantly increasing academic and industrial attention for several decades. However, we are still far away to completely understand and predict wetting dynamics for a given system due to the complexity of this dynamic process. The physics of moving contact lines is mainly ascribed to the full coupling with the solid surface on which the liquids contact, the atmosphere surrounding the liquids, and the physico-chemical characteristics of the liquids involved (small-molecule liquids, metal liquids, polymer liquids, and simulated liquids). Therefore, to deepen the understanding and efficiently harness wetting dynamics, we propose to review the major advances in the available literature. After an introduction providing a concise and general background on dynamic wetting, the main theories are presented and critically compared. Next, the dynamic wetting of various liquids ranging from small-molecule liquids to simulated liquids are systematically summarized, in which the new physical concepts (such as surface segregation, contact line fluctuations, etc.) are particularly highlighted. Subsequently, the related emerging applications are briefly presented in this review. Finally, some tentative suggestions and challenges are proposed with the aim to guide future developments.
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3
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He G, Zhang C, Dong Z. Survival in desert: Extreme water adaptations and bioinspired structural designs. iScience 2022; 26:105819. [PMID: 36636349 PMCID: PMC9830228 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deserts are the driest places in the world, desert creatures have evolved special adaptations to survive in this extreme water shortage environment. The collection and transport of condensed water have been of particular interest regarding the potential transfer of the underlying mechanisms to technical applications. In this review, the mechanisms of water capture and transport were first summarized. Secondly, an introduction of four typical desert creatures including cactus, desert beetles, lizards, and snakes which have special adaptations to manage water was elaborated. Thirdly, the recent progress of biomimetic water-collecting structures including cactus, desert beetles, and lizards inspired designs and the influence of overflow on water collection was demonstrated. Finally, the conclusions were drawn, and future issues were pointed out. The present study will further promote research on bioinspired water management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guandi He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China,Corresponding author
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding author
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Bioinspired Slippery Asymmetric Bumps of Candle Soot Coating for Condensation and Directional Transport of Water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Yue H, Zeng Q, Huang J, Guo Z, Liu W. Fog collection behavior of bionic surface and large fog collector: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 300:102583. [PMID: 34954474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Water shortages are currently becoming more and more serious due to complicated factors such as the development of the economy, environmental pollution, and climate deterioration. And it is the best solution to the problems faced by people in today's world to investigate the bionic structure of nature and explore effective methods for fog collection. Herein, we've illustrated the bionic structures of the Namib desert beetle, cactus spines, and spider silk, and we imitate and further modify the respective bionic structures, as well as construct multifunctional bionic structures to improve fog collection. In addition, we also expound the fog collection behavior of a large fog collector, and an excellent fog capture effect was achieved through studying the mesh structure, the surface modification of the mesh, and the construction of the fog collector. The advantages and limitations of fog collection by a harp fog collector were also explored. We hope that through this review, relevant researchers can have a deeper understanding of this field and thus promote the development of fog collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhu H, Cai S, Zhou J, Li S, Wang D, Zhu J, Wu Y, Huang Y, Yuan S, Jin S, Xia F. Integration of water collection and purification on cactus- and beetle-inspired eco-friendly superwettable materials. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117759. [PMID: 34715525 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater shortage has been a terrible threat for the sustainable progress and development of human society in 21st century. Inspired from natural creatures, harvesting water from atmosphere has been a feasible and effective method to alleviate water shortage crisis. However, the recent works related to water collection just focuses on how to optimize fog-harvesting manners and efficiencies, the safety and availability of collected water are always ignored. In this paper, we proposed a new strategy accessed to freshwater resources through combining water collection and purification together on eco-friendly superwettable material inspired by cactus spines and desert beetles. Six superhydrophilic wedge-shaped patterns prepared by P25 TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed on candle soot@polydimethylsiloxane (CS@PDMS) superhydrophobic coating. The special superhydrophilic regions not only effectively captured water from foggy environment but generated Laplace pressure gradient to faster drive water away. The bioinspired material exhibited an efficient water collection rate (WCR) of 14.9 ± 0.2 mg min-1 cm-2, which was 5.3 and 2.5 times larger than that on uniformed superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, respectively. Because of the existence of photocatalytic P25 NPs in wetting areas, the harvested wastewater containing nine kinds of pesticides (0.5 mg/L) could be purified in low concentrations (< 5%) under UV light (365 nm, 5.0 ± 0.6 mW cm-2). Ten zebrafishes were still alive in such purified water for 72 h, as a contrast, the same number of fishes would almost die in untreated harvested wastewater in just 7 h. This work indeed opens up a new sight to freshwater accessibility, aiming to a promising project for alleviating water shortage around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Cai
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Xianning ecological environment monitoring center of Hubei ecological environment department, Xianning, China
| | - Yaqin Wu
- Xianning ecological environment monitoring center of Hubei ecological environment department, Xianning, China
| | - Yu Huang
- China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Fan Xia
- China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
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Aguzzi J, Costa C, Calisti M, Funari V, Stefanni S, Danovaro R, Gomes HI, Vecchi F, Dartnell LR, Weiss P, Nowak K, Chatzievangelou D, Marini S. Research Trends and Future Perspectives in Marine Biomimicking Robotics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3778. [PMID: 34072452 PMCID: PMC8198061 DOI: 10.3390/s21113778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechatronic and soft robotics are taking inspiration from the animal kingdom to create new high-performance robots. Here, we focused on marine biomimetic research and used innovative bibliographic statistics tools, to highlight established and emerging knowledge domains. A total of 6980 scientific publications retrieved from the Scopus database (1950-2020), evidencing a sharp research increase in 2003-2004. Clustering analysis of countries collaborations showed two major Asian-North America and European clusters. Three significant areas appeared: (i) energy provision, whose advancement mainly relies on microbial fuel cells, (ii) biomaterials for not yet fully operational soft-robotic solutions; and finally (iii), design and control, chiefly oriented to locomotor designs. In this scenario, marine biomimicking robotics still lacks solutions for the long-lasting energy provision, which presently hinders operation autonomy. In the research environment, identifying natural processes by which living organisms obtain energy is thus urgent to sustain energy-demanding tasks while, at the same time, the natural designs must increasingly inform to optimize energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Aguzzi
- Department of Renewable Marine Resources, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80122 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (S.S.); (R.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Corrado Costa
- Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Calisti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna (SSAA), 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology (LIAT), University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Valerio Funari
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80122 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (S.S.); (R.D.); (F.V.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Stefanni
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80122 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (S.S.); (R.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80122 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (S.S.); (R.D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Helena I. Gomes
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Fabrizio Vecchi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80122 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (S.S.); (R.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Lewis R. Dartnell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | | | - Kathrin Nowak
- Compagnie Maritime d’Expertises (COMEX), 13275 Marseille, France;
| | | | - Simone Marini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), 19032 La Spezia, Italy;
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8
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Ren B, Pi H, Zhao X, Hu M, Zhang X, Wang R, Wu J. Janus membrane with novel directional water transport capacity for efficient atmospheric water capture. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9354-9363. [PMID: 33998638 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fresh water scarcity has become a crisis affecting human survival and development. Atmospheric water capture with remarkable advantages such as energy-independence and low-cost is supposed to be a promising way to address the problem. Herein, a facile strategy is presented to design a membrane material with efficient atmospheric water capture capacity and high practical significancy. A hybrid Janus membrane with anisotropic wettability and morphology is fabricated by integrating electrospinning and in situ surface oxidation methods. Taking advantage of the anisotropic wettability and strong force provided by directional wicking to draw water drops from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic layer, the Janus membrane exhibits novel directional water droplet transport and possesses efficient and excellent atmospheric water capture capacity. Janus membrane with larger pores in the hydrophobic layer shows higher atmospheric water capture capacity than that with smaller pores. Furthermore, the hybrid Janus membrane is successfully implemented in soil water retention in the plant cultivation process. This work provides an insight into the facile design of the Janus membrane for fresh water capture, which is important to extend its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baona Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haohong Pi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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9
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Liu W, Luo X, Chen C, Jiang G, Hu X, Zhang H, Zhong M. Directional anchoring patterned liquid-infused superamphiphobic surfaces for high-throughput droplet manipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1373-1384. [PMID: 33569555 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput experiments involving isolated droplets based on patterned superwettable surfaces are important for various applications related to biology, chemistry, and medicine, and they have attracted a large amount of interest. This paper provides a directional anchoring liquid-infused superamphiphobic surface (DAS), via combining concepts based on the droplet-anchoring behavior of beetle backs with patterned wettability, the directional adhesion of butterfly wings, and the slippery liquid-infused surfaces (SLISs) of pitcher plants. Regularly arranged ">"-shaped SLIS patterns were created on a superamphiphobic (SAM) background through ultrafast-laser-based technology. Improved directional anchoring abilities with a sliding angle difference of 77° were achieved; this is the largest sliding angle difference in a one-dimensional direction achieved using an artificial surface, to the best of the authors' knowledge. Thanks to the directional anchoring abilities, the DAS coupled droplet 'anchoring' and 'releasing' abilities. Furthermore, a high-throughput droplet manipulation device was designed, on which a micro-droplet array with a large number of droplets can be 'captured', 'transferred', or 'released' in a single step. With the addition of lubricant, the DAS can work continuously for even more than 30 cycles without cross-contamination between different droplets. The DAS also shows good stability under an ambient atmosphere and can maintain its functionality when manipulating corrosive droplets. The DAS and corresponding high-throughput droplet manipulation method are excellent candidates for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Liu
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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10
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Yang Y, Xu LP, Zhang X, Wang S. Bioinspired wettable-nonwettable micropatterns for emerging applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:8101-8115. [PMID: 32785360 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces are prevalent in nature and have received tremendous attention due to their importance in both fundamental research and practical applications. With the high interdisciplinary research and great development of microfabrication techniques, artificial wettable-nonwettable micropatterns inspired by the water-collection behavior of desert beetles have been successfully fabricated. A combination of the two extreme states of superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity on the same surface precisely, wettable-nonwettable micropatterns possess unique functionalities, such as controllable superwetting, anisotropic wetting, oriented adhesion, and other properties. In this review, we briefly describe the methods for fabricating wettable-nonwettable patterns, including self-assembly, electrodeposition, inkjet printing, and photolithography. We also highlight some of the emerging applications such as water collection, controllable bioadhesion, cell arrays, microreactors, printing techniques, and biosensors combined with various detection methods. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of this renascent and rapidly developing field are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Yang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. and School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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11
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Knapczyk-Korczak J, Szewczyk PK, Stachewicz U. The importance of nanofiber hydrophobicity for effective fog water collection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10866-10873. [PMID: 35423545 PMCID: PMC8695882 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase fog collection efficiency in a fiber system, controlled wetting properties are desirable. In this work, hydrophobic (PA11) and hydrophilic (PA6) polyamides were tested to verify the surface wetting effect on fog water collection rate. Highly porous fiber meshes were obtained from both polymer solutions. Randomly oriented fibers with average diameter of approximately 150 nm were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Despite the similar geometry and zeta potential of PA6 and PA11 meshes, it was shown that the hydrophobic PA11 nanofibers are more effective at water collection than hydrophilic PA6. These results indicate that wetting properties of electrospun nanofiber mesh have a significant effect on the process of draining from the mesh, as discussed in this paper. The results obtained are crucial for designing more efficient fog water collectors that include nanofibers in their construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology al. A. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Kraków Poland +48 12 617 52 30
| | - Piotr K Szewczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology al. A. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Kraków Poland +48 12 617 52 30
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology al. A. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Kraków Poland +48 12 617 52 30
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12
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Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Wang D, Yin W, Drelich JW. Droplet Characteristics at the Maximum Adhesion on Curved Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2532-2540. [PMID: 33555882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For applications involving droplet detachment from solid surfaces, it is vital to study the droplet characteristics (e.g., contact angle and base width) when the droplet is experiencing the maximum force that detaches the droplet (maximum adhesion state). Historically, such investigations were mainly conducted on flat two-dimensional surfaces and the characteristics on curved surfaces with the third dimension remain unknown. Thus, the generalized description of such characteristics has not been established yet. Here, by vertically pulling liquid droplets using a microbalance, we study the droplet characteristics at the maximum adhesion on curved homogeneous surfaces. Variables in this study include liquid surface tension, initial droplet base area, and the asymmetry in solid surface curvature. Results show that the contact angle is identical everywhere along the droplet perimeter on curved surfaces irrespective of the asymmetry in surface curvature. In addition, we found that the droplet base is nonaxisymmetric (not circular) at the maximum adhesion, opposing previous understanding that was formulated for flat surfaces. As a result, we propose a more generalized and quantitative description of the droplet characteristics at the maximum adhesion, derived from the component of the surface tension force acting along the droplet perimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglei Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Youhua Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wanzhong Yin
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jaroslaw W Drelich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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13
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Günay AA, Gnadt M, Sett S, Vahabi H, Kota AK, Miljkovic N. Droplet Evaporation Dynamics of Low Surface Tension Fluids Using the Steady Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13860-13871. [PMID: 33167611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Droplet evaporation governs many heat- and mass-transfer processes germane in nature and industry. In the past 3 centuries, transient techniques have been developed to characterize the evaporation of sessile droplets. These methods have difficulty in reconciling transient effects induced by the droplet shape and size changes during evaporation. Furthermore, investigation of evaporation of microdroplets residing on wetting substrates, or fluids having low surface tensions (<30 mN/m), is difficult to perform using established approaches. Here, we use the steady method to study the microdroplet evaporation dynamics of low surface tension liquids. We start by employing the steady method to benchmark with water droplets having base radii (20 ≤ Rb ≤ 260 μm), apparent advancing contact angle (45° ≤ θa,app ≤ 162°), surface temperature (30 < Ts < 60 °C), and relative humidity (40% < ϕ < 60%). Following validation, evaporation of ethanol (≈22 mN/m), hexane (≈18 mN/m), and dodecane (≈25 mN/m) were studied for 90 ≤ Rb ≤ 400 μm and 10 < Ts < 25 °C. We elucidate the mechanisms governing the observed behavior using heat and mass transport scaling analysis during evaporation, demonstrating our steady technique to be particularly advantageous for microdroplets, where Marangoni and buoyant forces are negligible. Our work not only elucidates the droplet evaporation mechanisms of low surface tension liquids but also demonstrates the steady method as a means to study phase change processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alperen Günay
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Marisa Gnadt
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Soumyadip Sett
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hamed Vahabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Woo S, Cho H, Park J, Shin Y, Hwang W. A novel approach to designing a biomimetic wettable patterned surface for highly efficient and continuous surfactant-free oil emulsion separation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Becher-Nienhaus B, Liu G, Archer RJ, Hozumi A. Surprising Lack of Influence on Water Droplet Motion by Hydrophilic Microdomains on Checkerboard-like Surfaces with Matched Contact Angle Hysteresis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7835-7843. [PMID: 32579368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemically and spatially micropatterned surfaces have been successfully prepared for a number of diverse applications, including water/fog harvesting, screen printing, microfluidics, and cell/protein assays. While there have been quite some reports on micropatterned surfaces, less is known about the factors that influence dynamic surface wettability. To that end, smooth checkerboard-like micropatterned hydrophobic/(super)hydrophilic surfaces (2, 5, 10, 20 μm pattern sizes) with regions of matching/mismatching contact angle hysteresis (CAH) were prepared on the basis of a simple chemisorption/photopatterning of monolayers. The effects of regional wettability/CAH and pattern size on the overall dynamic wettability were then examined by measuring the dynamic contact angles (CAs) and substrate tilt angles (θT) of water. It was found that the dynamic wettability on samples with matching regional CAH remained unchanged, even when using hydrophilic regions or changing the pattern size. In contrast, surfaces containing mismatching CAH regions pinned water droplets, leading to overall dynamic wetting properties markedly dependent on pattern size. In addition, the experimental data did not match values predicted by the Cassie equation because dynamic wetting behavior is dominated not by interfacial area but by the interactions of the liquid and solid at the three-phase contact line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Becher-Nienhaus
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2266-98, Anagahora, Shimo-shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Guojun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Richard J Archer
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2266-98, Anagahora, Shimo-shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozumi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2266-98, Anagahora, Shimo-shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
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Chen Z, Zhang Z. Recent progress in beetle-inspired superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic micropatterned water-collection materials. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:207-226. [PMID: 32941164 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological creatures with unique surface wettability have long served as a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers. More specifically, certain beetle species in the Namib Desert have evolved to collect water from fog on their backs by way of wettability patterns, which attracted an ongoing interest in biomimetic studies. Bioinspired materials exhibiting extreme wetting properties, such as superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use in various applications. Combining these two extreme states of superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity on the same surface in precise two-dimensional micropatterns opens exciting new functionalities and possibilities for a wide variety of applications. In this review we briefly describe the water-harvesting mechanisms of a genus of Namib Desert beetle, Stenocarpa, consisting of the theory of wetting and transporting. Then we describe the methods for fabricating superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterns and highlight some of the newer and emerging applications of these patterned substrates that are currently being explored. Finally, we provide conclusions and outlook concerning the future development of bioinspired surfaces of patterned wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China E-mail:
| | - Zengzhi Zhang
- Research Institute of Ecological and Functional Material, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
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Hoque MJ, Yan X, Keum H, Li L, Cha H, Park JK, Kim S, Miljkovic N. High-Throughput Stamping of Hybrid Functional Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5730-5744. [PMID: 32370513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic-hydrophilic hybrid surfaces, sometimes termed biphilic surfaces, have shown potential to enhance condensation and boiling heat transfer, anti-icing, and fog harvesting performance. However, state of art techniques to develop these surfaces have limited substrate selection, poor scalability, and lengthy and costly fabrication methods. Here, we develop a simple, scalable, and rapid stamping technique for hybrid surfaces with spatially controlled wettability. To enable stamping, rationally designed and prefabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps, which are reusable and independent of the substrate and functional coating, were used. To demonstrate the stamping technique, we used silicon wafer, copper, and aluminum substrates functionalized with a variety of hydrophobic chemistries including heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxy-silane, octafluorocyclobutane, and slippery omniphobic covalently attached liquids. Condensation experiments and microgoniometric characterization demonstrated that the stamped surfaces have global hydrophobicity or superhydrophobicity with localized hydrophilicity (spots) enabled by local removal of the functional coating during stamping. Stamped surfaces with superhydrophobic backgrounds and hydrophilic spots demonstrated stable coalescence induced droplet jumping. Compared to conventional techniques, our stamping method has comparable prototyping cost with reduced manufacturing time scale and cost. Our work not only presents design guidelines for the development of scalable hybrid surfaces for the study of phase change phenomena, it develops a scalable and rapid stamping protocol for the cost-effective manufacture of next-generation hybrid wettability surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahidul Hoque
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hohyun Keum
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Longnan Li
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyeongyun Cha
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jun Kyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Zhou H, Jing X, Guo Z. Mechanically durable and long-term repairable flexible lubricant-infused monomer for enhancing water collection efficiency by manipulating droplet coalescence and sliding. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1473-1482. [PMID: 36132304 PMCID: PMC9418881 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lubricant-infused surfaces have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent liquid and organic solution repellency. On account of their high condensation heat transfer coefficient and low nucleation energy barrier, many lubricant-infused surfaces have been applied in water collection. However, they have a number of shortcomings, such as an unstable lubricating layer, poor mechanical/chemical stability and hard shedding, which severely limit the application of slippery surfaces. In this work, the silicone oil was infused into a superhydrophobic monomer (SHM) to form a flexible lubricant-infused monomer (FLIM) with outstanding sliding ability and omniphobicity for low surface energy liquids. Because the silicone oil is similar to the base molecule, there is a strong interacting force to hold the lubricant layer to the surface of the SHM. In addition, the high viscosity of the silicone oil further strengthens the lubricant layer adhesion. Therefore, the FLIM could resist hot liquid and high shear stress (up to 5000 rpm). In addition, the FLIM substrate possessed a self-similar low surface energy structure, which could endure various physical and chemical damages, such as abrasion, scratching, stretching, strong acid and alkali. Finally, pinned droplets could coalesce into large droplets to slide down its surface, resulting from the strain/release due to the high degree of deformation of the surface, which highly enhanced water/liquid coalescence and collection. The preparation of the FLIM was green and the chemicals involved were inexpensive and environmentally friendly, and thus it can be applied for large-scale water collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China +86-931-8277088 +86-931-4968105
| | - Xueshan Jing
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China +86-931-8277088 +86-931-4968105
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China +86-931-8277088 +86-931-4968105
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19
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Zhou H, Jing X, Guo Z. Excellent fog droplets collector via an extremely stable hybrid hydrophobic-hydrophilic surface and Janus copper foam integrative system with hierarchical micro/nanostructures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 561:730-740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Winter RL, McCarthy M. Dewetting from Amphiphilic Minichannel Surfaces during Condensation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7815-7825. [PMID: 31944655 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Condensation heat transfer can be altered significantly by changing the texture and material of a surface to promote droplet removal and therefore lower thermal resistance. These designs are often expensive and fragile, however, and are fabricated using micro- or nanoscale features that are not easily implemented in real-world systems. Here, we present a novel macromachined amphiphilic surface that promotes droplet removal and resists permanent flooding via a spontaneous dewetting transition. While much of the research in condensation involves condensing on surfaces that are fully or mostly hydrophobic, droplets on the surface presented here nucleate and grow inside the structure on a hydrophilic material. The absence of any coating between the liquid and the conductive surface has the benefits of both decreasing thermal resistance and enhancing nucleation density. When the liquid grows to a critical size inside the channel, its elongated shape becomes unstable and spontaneously dewets to form rounded droplets on the hydrophobic fin peaks. The removal of liquid from the channels promotes new growth on the bare hydrophilic material, while the emerged rounded droplets can more easily shed from the hydrophobic fins. The dewetting phenomenon is shown experimentally and characterized analytically such that a desired critical water slug length could be designed by changing geometric parameters of the surface structure. The macroscale machined surface is also more durable than typical nanofabricated surfaces and easier to manufacture, making the surface more applicable to use in real-world systems. Spontaneous condensate dewetting on the amphiphilic structure is expected to enhance the study of inhibiting flooding on condensing surfaces and provide new pathways for droplet shedding techniques without a requirement for nanothin hydrophobic coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Winter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics , Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19063 , United States
| | - Matthew McCarthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics , Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19063 , United States
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21
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Li X, Liu Y, Zhou H, Gao C, Li D, Hou Y, Zheng Y. Fog Collection on a Bio-inspired Topological Alloy Net with Micro-/Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5065-5072. [PMID: 31880907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of the scarcity of freshwater resources, fog collection as one of the effective methods to solve this issue has attracted widespread concern. Inspired by several natural creatures with the capability to collect water from fog, the bio-inspired water-harvesting materials have aroused considerable attention and been widely developed. Inspired by the directional water droplets transportation to the apex on both shorebirds beaks and wheat awns, the bio-inspired topological alloy net with a V-shaped asymmetric geometry in its mesh was designed for fog collecting. Then, micro-/nano-hierarchical structures were modified on the surface of the netting wire via the cathodic electrodeposition method. Thus, the bio-inspired topological alloy net with micro/nanostructures was fabricated successfully. Through the integration of topological geometry and surface microstructure, not only the water-collection rate is improved by efficient drainage along the designated pathways, but also the issue of mesh clogging is resolved. In addition, a theoretical model was constructed to reveal the mechanism, especially the resultant force arising from the V-shaped structure. This work provides insight into the development of novel fog-collecting materials, which has potential applications in other fields, such as liquid transportation, microfluidics, and interface science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University (BUAA) , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University (BUAA) , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University (BUAA) , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University (BUAA) , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Diansen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University (BUAA) , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Yongping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University (BUAA) , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University (BUAA) , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
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Huang ZX, Liu X, Wong SC, Qu JP. A single step fabrication of bio-inspired high efficiency and durable water harvester made of polymer membranes. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Tian X, Mendivelso-Perez DL, Banerjee S, Smith EA, Cademartiri L. Self-Limiting Processes in the Flame-Based Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces from Silicones. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29231-29241. [PMID: 31330098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor applications of superhydrophobic coatings require synthetic approaches that allow their simple, fast, scalable, and environmentally benign deployment on large, heterogeneous surfaces and their rapid regeneration in situ. We recently showed that the thermal degradation of silicones by flames fulfills these characteristics by spontaneously structuring silicone surfaces into a hierarchical, textured structure that provides wear-resistant, healable superhydrophobicity. This paper elucidates how flame processing-a simple, rapid, and out-of-equilibrium process-can be so counterintuitively reliable and robust in producing such a complex structure. A comprehensive study of the effect of the processing speed and flame temperature on the chemical and physical properties of the coatings yielded three surprising results. (i) Three thermal degradation mechanisms drive the surface texturing: depolymerization (in the O2-rich conditions of the surface), decomposition (in the O2-poor conditions found a few micrometers from the surface), and pyrolysis at excessive temperatures. (ii) The operational condition is delimited by the onset of the depolymerization at low temperatures and the onset of pyrolysis at high temperatures. (iii) The remarkably wide operational conditions and robustness of this approach result from self-limiting growth and oxidation of the silicone particles that are responsible for the surface texturing and in the extent of their deposition. As a result of this analysis we show that superhydrophobic surfaces can be produced or regenerated with this approach at a speed of 15 cm s-1 (i.e., the length of an airport runway in ∼4.5 h).
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Three-Dimensionally Structured Flexible Fog Harvesting Surfaces Inspired by Namib Desert Beetles. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10030201. [PMID: 30909375 PMCID: PMC6470850 DOI: 10.3390/mi10030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fog harvesting of the Namib desert beetles has inspired many researchers to design artificial fog harvesting hybrid surfaces, which commonly involve flat hydrophilic patterns on hydrophobic surfaces. However, relatively less interest has been shown in the bumpy topography of the Namib desert beetle’s dorsal surface as well as its curved body shape when designing artificial hybrid surfaces. In this work, we explore a fog harvesting flexible hybrid surface that has a superhydrophilic 3D copper oxide pattern on a hydrophobic rough elastomer background surface enabled by transferring a copper layer from a prepared donor substrate to a receiving elastomer substrate. The water collection rates of the hybrid surface and control samples are measured, and the results reveal the advantages of 3D bumpy structures on a curved shape surface to facilitate fog harvesting, particularly in more unfavorable fog stream conditions. The curved 3D bumpy hybrid surface exhibits an over 16 times higher water collection rate than the flat 2D hybrid surface in the fog stream in parallel to the hybrid surface. This work provides an improved understanding of the role of the Namib desert beetle’s bumpy dorsal surface and curved body shape, and offers an insight into the design of novel surfaces with enhanced fog harvesting performance.
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Zhong L, Zhu H, Wu Y, Guo Z. Understanding how surface chemistry and topography enhance fog harvesting based on the superwetting surface with patterned hemispherical bulges. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 525:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hönes R, Rühe J. Extending the Lotus Effect: Repairing Superhydrophobic Surfaces after Contamination or Damage by CHic Chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8661-8669. [PMID: 29944377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces have gained a reputation to show a self-cleaning behavior ("Lotus effect") as drops rolling off the surface take along loosely adhering dust particles. However, this self-cleaning process reaches its limits when such surfaces are brought in contact with sticky contaminants such as oils and smaller particles. Once intimate contact is established between the surface and a small particle, it will be almost impossible to remove it because of strong surface interactions. Such contaminations, however, lead to contact line pinning and destroy the superhydrophobic effect. Because the fragility of the micro- and nanostructures prohibits any mechanical cleaning, the sample is usually doomed. Here, we report a universal method for restoring superhydrophobicity: by simple dip-coating, a conformal ultrathin layer (≈10 nm) of a highly hydrophobic and photoreactive fluoropolymer is deposited. Through short UV irradiation (5 min), this thin layer is cross-linked and chemically attached to the underlying surface by C,H-insertion cross-linking, thus covering the contaminant like a thin veil. We use this "cover-up" strategy of masking the contaminants to restore superhydrophobicity. We demonstrate this principle by deliberately soiling the surface with various model contaminants, such as oily substances and particles, and study the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hönes
- Department of Microsystems Engineering , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
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Long M, Peng S, Deng W, Miao X, Wen N, Zhou Q, Deng W. Highly efficient separation of surfactant stabilized water-in-oil emulsion based on surface energy gradient and flame retardancy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 520:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Comanns P. Passive water collection with the integument: mechanisms and their biomimetic potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/10/jeb153130. [PMID: 29789349 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.153130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms of water acquisition have evolved in animals living in arid habitats to cope with limited water supply. They enable access to water sources such as rain, dew, thermally facilitated condensation on the skin, fog, or moisture from a damp substrate. This Review describes how a significant number of animals - in excess of 39 species from 24 genera - have acquired the ability to passively collect water with their integument. This ability results from chemical and structural properties of the integument, which, in each species, facilitate one or more of six basic mechanisms: increased surface wettability, increased spreading area, transport of water over relatively large distances, accumulation and storage of collected water, condensation, and utilization of gravity. Details are described for each basic mechanism. The potential for bio-inspired improvement of technical applications has been demonstrated in many cases, in particular for several wetting phenomena, fog collection and passive, directional transport of liquids. Also considered here are potential applications in the fields of water supply, lubrication, heat exchangers, microfluidics and hygiene products. These present opportunities for innovations, not only in product functionality, but also for fabrication processes, where resources and environmental impact can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Comanns
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Biology II (Zoology), Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Tadmor R, Yadav SB, Gulec S, Leh A, Dang L, N'guessan HE, Das R, Turmine M, Tadmor M. Why Drops Bounce on Smooth Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4695-4700. [PMID: 29510056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that introducing gravity in the energy minimization of drops on surfaces results in different expressions when minimized with respect to volume or with respect to contact angle. This phenomenon correlates with the probability of drops to bounce on smooth surfaces on which they otherwise form a very small contact angle or wet them completely. Theoretically, none of the two minima is stable: the drop should oscillate from one minimum to the other as long as no other force or friction will dissipate the energy. Experimentally, smooth surfaces indeed show drops that bounce on them. In some cases, they bounce after touching the solid surface, and in some cases they bounce from a nanometric air, or vacuum film. The bouncing energy can be stored in the interfaces: liquid-air, liquid-solid, and solid-air. The lack of a single energy minimum prevents a simple convergence of the drop's shape on the solid surface, and supports its bouncing back to the air. Therefore, the lack of a simple minimum described here supports drop bouncing on hydrophilic surfaces such as that reported by Kolinski et al. Our calculation shows that the smaller the surface tension, the bigger the difference between the contact angles calculated based on the two minima. This agrees with experimental finding where reducing the surface tension, for example, by adding surfactants, increases the probability for bouncing of the drops on smooth surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tadmor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ben Gurion University , Beer Sheva 8410501 , Israel
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Sakshi B Yadav
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Semih Gulec
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Aisha Leh
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Lan Dang
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Hartmann E N'guessan
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Ratul Das
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Mireille Turmine
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Maria Tadmor
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
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Kostal E, Stroj S, Kasemann S, Matylitsky V, Domke M. Fabrication of Biomimetic Fog-Collecting Superhydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Surface Micropatterns Using Femtosecond Lasers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2933-2941. [PMID: 29364677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The exciting functionalities of natural superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces served as inspiration for a variety of biomimetic designs. In particular, the combination of both extreme wetting states to micropatterns opens up interesting applications, as the example of the fog-collecting Namib Desert beetle shows. In this paper, the beetle's elytra were mimicked by a novel three-step fabrication method to increase the fog-collection efficiency of glasses. In the first step, a double-hierarchical surface structure was generated on Pyrex wafers using femtosecond laser structuring, which amplified the intrinsic wetting property of the surface and made it superhydrophilic (water contact angle < 10°). In the second step, a Teflon-like polymer (CF2) n was deposited by a plasma process that turned the laser-structured surface superhydrophobic (water contact angle > 150°). In the last step, the Teflon-like coating was selectively removed by fs-laser ablation to uncover superhydrophilic spots below the superhydrophobic surface, following the example of the Namib Desert beetle's fog-collecting elytra. To investigate the influence on the fog-collection behavior, (super)hydrophilic, (super)hydrophobic, and low and high contrast wetting patterns were fabricated on glass wafers using selected combinations of these three processing steps and were exposed to fog in an artificial nebulizer setup. This experiment revealed that high-contrast wetting patterns collected the highest amount of fog and enhanced the fog-collection efficiency by nearly 60% compared to pristine Pyrex glass. The comparison of the fog-collection behavior of the six samples showed that the superior fog-collection efficiency of surface patterns with extreme wetting contrast is due to the combination of water attraction and water repellency: the superhydrophilic spots act as drop accumulation areas, whereas the surrounding superhydrophobic areas allow a fast water transportation caused by gravity. The presented method enables a fast and flexible surface functionalization of a broad range of materials including transparent substrates, which offers exciting possibilities for the design of biomedical and microfluidic devices.
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Han H, Lee JS, Kim H, Shin S, Lee J, Kim J, Hou X, Cho SW, Seo J, Lee T. Single-Droplet Multiplex Bioassay on a Robust and Stretchable Extreme Wetting Substrate through Vacuum-Based Droplet Manipulation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:932-941. [PMID: 29262253 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a droplet manipulation system with a superamphiphobic (SPO)-superamphiphilic (SPI) patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate is developed for a multiplex bioassay from single-droplet samples. The SPO substrate is fabricated by sequential spraying of adhesive and fluorinated silica nanoparticles onto a PDMS substrate. It is subsequently subjected to oxygen plasma with a patterned mask to form SPI patterns. The SPO layer exhibits extreme liquid repellency with a high contact angle (>150°) toward low surface tension and viscous biofluidic droplets (e.g., ethylene glycol, blood, dimethyl sulfoxide, and alginate hydrogel). In contrast, the SPI exhibits liquid adhesion with a near zero contact angle. Using the droplet manipulation system, various liquid droplets can be precisely manipulated and dispensed onto the predefined SPI patterns on the SPO PDMS substrate. This system enables a multiplex colorimetric bioassay, capable of detecting multiple analytes, including glucose, uric acid, and lactate, from a single sample droplet. In addition, the detection of glucose concentrations in a plasma droplet of diabetic and healthy mice are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system for efficient clinical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jongchan Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xu Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | | | - Jungmok Seo
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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32
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Telford AM, Thickett SC, Neto C. Functional patterned coatings by thin polymer film dewetting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 507:453-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yin K, Du H, Dong X, Wang C, Duan JA, He J. A simple way to achieve bioinspired hybrid wettability surface with micro/nanopatterns for efficient fog collection. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14620-14626. [PMID: 28936519 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05683d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fog collection is receiving increasing attention for providing water in semi-arid deserts and inland areas. Inspired by the fog harvesting ability of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic surface of Namib desert beetles, we present a simple, low-cost method to prepare a hybrid superhydrophobic-hydrophilic surface. The surface contains micro/nanopatterns, and is prepared by incorporating femtosecond-laser fabricated polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles deposited on superhydrophobic copper mesh with a pristine hydrophilic copper sheet. The as-prepared surface exhibits enhanced fog collection efficiency compared with uniform (super)hydrophobic or (super)hydrophilic surfaces. This enhancement can be tuned by controlling the mesh number, inclination angle, and fabrication structure. Moreover, the surface shows excellent anti-corrosion ability after immersing in 1 M HCl, 1 M NaOH, and 10 wt% NaCl solutions for 2 hours. This work may provide insight into fabricating hybrid superhydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces for efficient atmospheric water collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Yu Z, Yun FF, Wang Y, Yao L, Dou S, Liu K, Jiang L, Wang X. Desert Beetle-Inspired Superwettable Patterned Surfaces for Water Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701403. [PMID: 28719031 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the impacts of climate change and impending crisis of clean drinking water, designing functional materials for water harvesting from fog with large water capacity has received much attention in recent years. Nature has evolved different strategies for surviving dry, arid, and xeric conditions. Nature is a school for human beings. In this contribution, inspired by the Stenocara beetle, superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic patterned surfaces are fabricated on the silica poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-coated superhydrophobic surfaces using a pulsed laser deposition approach with masks. The resultant samples with patterned wettability demonstrate water-harvesting efficiency in comparison with the silica PDMS-coated superhydrophobic surface and the Pt nanoparticles-coated superhydrophilic surface. The maximum water-harvesting efficiency can reach about 5.3 g cm-2 h-1 . Both the size and the percentage of the Pt-coated superhydrophilic square regions on the patterned surface affect the condensation and coalescence of the water droplet, as well as the final water-harvesting efficiency. The present water-harvesting strategy should provide an avenue to alleviate the water crisis facing mankind in certain arid regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Frank F Yun
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Kesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
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Al-Khayat O, Hong JK, Beck DM, Minett AI, Neto C. Patterned Polymer Coatings Increase the Efficiency of Dew Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13676-13684. [PMID: 28224792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterned polymer surfaces, possessing both topographical and chemical characteristics, were prepared on three-dimensional copper tubes and used to capture atmospheric water. The micropatterns mimic the structure on the back of a desert beetle that condenses water from the air in a very dry environment. The patterned coatings were prepared by the dewetting of thin films of poly-4-vinylpyridine (P4VP) on top of polystyrene films (PS) films, upon solvent annealing, and consist of raised hydrophilic bumps on a hydrophobic background. The size and density distribution of the hydrophilic bumps could be tuned widely by adjusting the initial thickness of the P4VP films: the diameter of the produced bumps and their height could be varied by almost 2 orders of magnitude (1-80 μm and 40-9000 nm, respectively), and their distribution density could be varied by 5 orders of magnitude. Under low subcooling conditions (3 °C), the highest rate of water condensation was measured on the largest (80 μm diameter) hydrophilic bumps and was found to be 57% higher than that on flat hydrophobic films. These subcooling conditions are achieved spontaneously in dew formation, by passive radiative cooling of a surface exposed to the night sky. In effect, the pattern would result in a larger number of dewy nights than a flat hydrophobic surface and therefore increases water capture efficiency. Our approach is suited to fabrication on a large scale, to enable the use of the patterned coatings for water collection with no external input of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Khayat
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jun Ki Hong
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David M Beck
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew I Minett
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Chiara Neto
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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36
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Szczepanski CR, Guittard F, Darmanin T. Recent advances in the study and design of parahydrophobic surfaces: From natural examples to synthetic approaches. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 241:37-61. [PMID: 28132673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parahydrophobic surfaces are an interesting class of materials that combines both high contact angles and very strong adhesion with wetting fluids, most commonly water. This unique set of properties makes parahydrophobic surfaces attractive for a variety of applications, including water harvesting and collection, guided fluid transport, and membrane development, amongst many others. Taking inspiration from natural surfaces that display this same behavior such as rose petals and gecko feet, synthetic approaches aim to incorporate the nano- and micro-scale topography as well as the low surface energy chemistry found on these interfaces. Here, we discuss the chemical and physical factors that contribute to parahydrophobic behavior and provide a comprehensive overview on the current technologies and procedures used towards constructing surfaces that mimic this behavior already observed in nature. This includes etching processes, colloidal assemblies, deposition methods, and in situ growth of surface features. Furthermore, issues such as ease of scale-up, efficiency of technical procedures, and other current challenges associated with these methods will be discussed to provide insight as to the future directions for this growing area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Guittard
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, IMREDD, 61-63 Av. Simon Veil, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Thierry Darmanin
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, IMREDD, 61-63 Av. Simon Veil, 06200 Nice, France.
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37
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Plamadeala C, Hischen F, Friesenecker R, Wollhofen R, Jacak J, Buchberger G, Heiss E, Klar T, Baumgartner W, Heitz J. Bioinspired polymer microstructures for directional transport of oily liquids. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:160849. [PMID: 28405373 PMCID: PMC5383830 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nature has always served as an inspiration for scientists, helping them to solve a large diversity of technical problems. In our case, we are interested in the directional transport of oily liquids and as a model for this application we used the flat bug Dysodius lunatus. In this report, we present arrays of drops looking like polymer microstructures produced by the two-photon polymerization technique that mimic the micro-ornamentation from the bug's cuticle. A good directionality of oil transport was achieved, directly controlled by the direction of the pointed microstructures at the surface. If the tips of the drop-like microstructures are pointing towards the left side, the liquid front moves to the right and vice versa. Similar effects could be expected for the transport of oily lubricants. These results could, therefore, be interesting for applications in friction and wear reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Plamadeala
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - F. Hischen
- Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - R. Friesenecker
- Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - R. Wollhofen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - J. Jacak
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - G. Buchberger
- Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - E. Heiss
- Tyrolean State Museum, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T.A. Klar
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - W. Baumgartner
- Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - J. Heitz
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Author for correspondence: J. Heitz e-mail:
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Zeng X, Qian L, Yuan X, Zhou C, Li Z, Cheng J, Xu S, Wang S, Pi P, Wen X. Inspired by Stenocara Beetles: From Water Collection to High-Efficiency Water-in-Oil Emulsion Separation. ACS NANO 2017; 11:760-769. [PMID: 27936586 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the water-collecting mechanism of the Stenocara beetle's back structure, we prepared a superhydrophilic bumps-superhydrophobic/superoleophilic stainless steel mesh (SBS-SSM) filter via a facile and environmentally friendly method. Specifically, hydrophilic silica microparticles are assembled on the as-cleaned stainless steel mesh surface, followed by further spin-coating with a fluoropolymer/SiO2 nanoparticle solution. On the special surface of SBS-SSM, attributed to the steep surface energy gradient, the superhydrophilic bumps (hydrophilic silica microparticles) are able to capture emulsified water droplets and collect water from the emulsion even when their size is smaller than the pore size of the stainless steel mesh. The oil portion of the water-in-oil emulsion therefore permeates through pores of the superhydrophobic/superoleophilic mesh coating freely and gets purified. We demonstrated an oil recovery purity up to 99.95 wt % for surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions on the biomimetic SBS-SSM filter, which is superior to that of the traditional superhydrophobic/superoleophilic stainless steel mesh (S-SSM) filter lacking the superhydrophilic bump structure. Together with a facile and environmentally friendly coating strategy, this tool shows great application potential for water-in-oil emulsion separation and oil purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Zeng
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Xianxia Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Cailong Zhou
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowen Li
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Shouping Xu
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfeng Wang
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Pihui Pi
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Xiufang Wen
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
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Rajaram M, Heng X, Oza M, Luo C. Enhancement of fog-collection efficiency of a Raschel mesh using surface coatings and local geometric changes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Brown PS, Bhushan B. Bioinspired materials for water supply and management: water collection, water purification and separation of water from oil. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2016.0135. [PMID: 27354732 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Access to a safe supply of water is a human right. However, with growing populations, global warming and contamination due to human activity, it is one that is increasingly under threat. It is hoped that nature can inspire the creation of materials to aid in the supply and management of water, from water collection and purification to water source clean-up and rehabilitation from oil contamination. Many species thrive in even the driest places, with some surviving on water harvested from fog. By studying these species, new materials can be developed to provide a source of fresh water from fog for communities across the globe. The vast majority of water on the Earth is in the oceans. However, current desalination processes are energy-intensive. Systems in our own bodies have evolved to transport water efficiently while blocking other molecules and ions. Inspiration can be taken from such to improve the efficiency of desalination and help purify water containing other contaminants. Finally, oil contamination of water from spills or the fracking technique can be a devastating environmental disaster. By studying how natural surfaces interact with liquids, new techniques can be developed to clean up oil spills and further protect our most precious resource.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bioinspired hierarchically structured surfaces for green science'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Brown
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
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Lee HJ, Park K. Development of Hybrid Surfaces with Tunable Wettability by Selective Surface Modifications. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030136. [PMID: 28773262 PMCID: PMC5456690 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in micro/nano technology have driven artificial modifications of surface wettability by mimicking biological surfaces, such as superhydrophobic and water-harvesting surfaces. In this study, surface wettability of polycarbonate (PC) films was modified using various surface treatments: micropatterning using ultrasonic imprint lithography, fluorinate silane coating, and electron beam irradiation. To modify surface wettability selectively in a specified region, these three treatments were performed using profiled masks with the corresponding shapes. Various combinations of these treatments were investigated in terms of wettability changes, by measuring contact angle (CA). The semi-hydrophobic PC film (CA: 89.2°) was modified to create a super- hydrophobic state (CA: 155.9°) by virtue of the selective micropatterning and coating. The electron beam irradiation had an opposite effect, reducing the CA (48.2°), so that the irradiated region was modified to create a hydrophilic state. Two combinations of the proposed surface modifications made it possible to have a great difference in CA on a single surface (107.7°), and to have four different wetting states on a single surface. Various water-drop experiments proved that the developed hybrid surfaces were selectively wettable and showed water-collecting capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joong Lee
- Graduate School of Mechanical Design and Robot Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Keun Park
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
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42
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Cho Y, Shim TS, Yang S. Spatially Selective Nucleation and Growth of Water Droplets on Hierarchically Patterned Polymer Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1433-1439. [PMID: 26635301 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
On a hierarchical polymer surface consisting of microposts and nanopillar arrays, water droplets are nucleated and grown selectively in the grooves between the microposts as the vapor pressure increases, whereas water droplets are randomly nucleated on a flat surface and surfaces consisting of microposts or nanopillars only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tae Soup Shim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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43
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Rowe M, Teo GH, Horne J, Al-Khayat O, Neto C, Thickett SC. High Glass Transition Temperature Fluoropolymers for Hydrophobic Surface Coatings via RAFT Copolymerization. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of polymer thin films or surface coatings that display a static water contact angle >95° often requires hierarchical roughness features or surface functionalization steps. In addition, inherently hydrophobic polymers such as fluoropolymers often possess low glass transition temperatures, reducing their application where thermal stability is required. Herein, the first reported synthesis of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene (PFS) and N-phenylmaleimide (NMI) via reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT)-mediated free radical polymerization is presented, with a view towards the preparation of inherently hydrophobic polymers with a high glass transition temperature. A suite of copolymers were prepared and characterized, and owing to the inherent rigidity of the maleimide group in the polymer backbone and π–π interactions between adjacent PFS and NMI groups, very high glass transition temperatures were achieved (up to 180°C). The copolymerization of N-pentafluorophenylmaleimide was also performed, also resulting in extremely high glass transition temperature copolymers; however, these polymers did not exhibit characteristics of being under RAFT control. Thin films of PFS-NMI copolymers exhibited a static contact angle ~100°, essentially independent of the amount of NMI incorporated into the polymer.
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Zhu H, Yang F, Li J, Guo Z. High-efficiency water collection on biomimetic material with superwettable patterns. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12415-12417. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05857d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A superhydrophilic surface with two superhydrophobic circular patterns was successfully prepared, which showed outstanding fog-harvesting efficiency with a water collection rate (WCR) of 1316.9 mg h−1 cm−2. The water collection process can be repeated 10 times without obvious variation in the WCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
| | - Fuchao Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
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Zhan Y, Zhao J, Liu W, Yang B, Wei J, Yu Y. Biomimetic Submicroarrayed Cross-Linked Liquid Crystal Polymer Films with Different Wettability via Colloidal Lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25522-8. [PMID: 26509215 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive cross-linked liquid crystal polymer (CLCP) films with different surface topographies, submicropillar arrays, and submicrocone arrays were fabricated through colloidal lithography technique by modulating different types of etching masks. The prepared submicropillar arrays were uniform with an average pillar diameter of 250 nm and the cone bottom diameter of the submicrocone arrays was about 400 nm, which are much smaller than previously reported CLCP micropillars. More interestingly, these two species of films with the same chemical structure represented completely different wetting behavior of water adhesion and mimicked rose petal and lotus leaf, respectively. Both the submicropillar arrayed film and the submicrocone arrayed film exhibited superhyrophobicity with a water contact angle (CA) value of 144.0 ± 1.7° and 156.4 ± 1.2°, respectively. Meanwhile, the former demonstrated a very high sliding angle (SA) greater than 90°, and thus, the water droplet was pinned on the surface as rose petal. On the contrary, the SA of the submicrocone arrayed CLCP film consisting of micro- and nanostructure was only 3.1 ± 2.0°, which is as low as that of lotus leaf. Furthermore, the change on the wettability of the films was also investigated under alternating irradiation of visible light with two different wavelengths, blue light and green light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhan
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wendong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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Mondal B, Mac Giolla Eain M, Xu Q, Egan VM, Punch J, Lyons AM. Design and Fabrication of a Hybrid Superhydrophobic-Hydrophilic Surface That Exhibits Stable Dropwise Condensation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23575-23588. [PMID: 26372672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Condensation of water vapor is an essential process in power generation, water collection, and thermal management. Dropwise condensation, where condensed droplets are removed from the surface before coalescing into a film, has been shown to increase the heat transfer efficiency and water collection ability of many surfaces. Numerous efforts have been made to create surfaces which can promote dropwise condensation, including superhydrophobic surfaces on which water droplets are highly mobile. However, the challenge with using such surfaces in condensing environments is that hydrophobic coatings can degrade and/or water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces transition from the mobile Cassie to the wetted Wenzel state over time and condensation shifts to a less-effective filmwise mechanism. To meet the need for a heat-transfer surface that can maintain stable dropwise condensation, we designed and fabricated a hybrid superhydrophobic-hydrophilic surface. An array of hydrophilic needles, thermally connected to a heat sink, was forced through a robust superhydrophobic polymer film. Condensation occurs preferentially on the needle surface due to differences in wettability and temperature. As the droplet grows, the liquid drop on the needle remains in the Cassie state and does not wet the underlying superhydrophobic surface. The water collection rate on this surface was studied using different surface tilt angles, needle array pitch values, and needle heights. Water condensation rates on the hybrid surface were shown to be 4 times greater than for a planar copper surface and twice as large for silanized silicon or superhydrophobic surfaces without hydrophilic features. A convection-conduction heat transfer model was developed; predicted water condensation rates were in good agreement with experimental observations. This type of hybrid superhydrophobic-hydrophilic surface with a larger array of needles is low-cost, robust, and scalable and so could be used for heat transfer and water collection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, The City University of New York , Staten Island, New York 10314, United States
| | - Marc Mac Giolla Eain
- Stokes Laboratories, Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical & Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - QianFeng Xu
- ARL Designs , New York, New York, United States
| | - Vanessa M Egan
- Stokes Laboratories, Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical & Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jeff Punch
- Stokes Laboratories, Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical & Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alan M Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, The City University of New York , Staten Island, New York 10314, United States
- ARL Designs , New York, New York, United States
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Wang H, Zhou H, Yang W, Zhao Y, Fang J, Lin T. Selective, Spontaneous One-Way Oil-Transport Fabrics and Their Novel Use for Gauging Liquid Surface Tension. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22874-22880. [PMID: 26422530 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thin porous materials that can spontaneously transport oil fluids just in a single direction have great potential for making energy-saving functional membranes. However, there is little data for the preparation and functionalities of this smart material. Here, we report a novel method to prepare one-way oil-transport fabrics and their application in detecting liquid surface tension. This functional fabric was prepared by a two-step coating process to apply flowerlike ZnO nanorods, fluorinated decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, and hydrolyzed fluorinated alkylsilane on a fabric substrate. Upon one-sided UV irradiation, the coated fabric shows a one-way transport feature that allows oil fluid transport automatically from the unirradiated side to the UV-irradiated surface, but it stops fluid transport in the opposite direction. The fabric still maintains high superhydrophobicity after UV treatment. The one-way fluid transport takes place only for the oil fluids with a specific surface tension value, and the fluid selectivity is dependent on the UV treatment time. Changing the UV irradiation time from 6 to 30 h broadened the one-way transport for fluids with surface tension from around 22.3 mN/m to a range of 22.3-56.7 mN/m. We further proved that this selective one-way oil transport can be used to estimate the surface tension of a liquid simply by observing its transport feature on a series of fabrics with different one-way oil-transport selectivities. To our knowledge, this is the first example to use one-way fluid-transport materials for testing the liquid surface tension. It may open up further theoretical studies and the development of novel fluid sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Weidong Yang
- Future Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO , Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jian Fang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Tong Lin
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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Wong I, Teo GH, Neto C, Thickett SC. Micropatterned Surfaces for Atmospheric Water Condensation via Controlled Radical Polymerization and Thin Film Dewetting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21562-21570. [PMID: 26372163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by an example found in nature, the design of patterned surfaces with chemical and topographical contrast for the collection of water from the atmosphere has been of intense interest in recent years. Herein we report the synthesis of such materials via a combination of macromolecular design and polymer thin film dewetting to yield surfaces consisting of raised hydrophilic bumps on a hydrophobic background. RAFT polymerization was used to synthesize poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA) of targeted molecular weight and low dispersity; spin-coating of PHPMA onto polystyrene films produced stable polymer bilayers under appropriate conditions. Thermal annealing of these bilayers above the glass transition temperature of the PHPMA layer led to complete dewetting of the top layer and the formation of isolated PHPMA domains atop the PS film. Due to the vastly different rates of water nucleation on the two phases, preferential dropwise nucleation of water occurred on the PHPMA domains, as demonstrated by optical microscopy. The simplicity of the preparation method and ability to target polymers of specific molecular weight demonstrate the value of these materials with respect to large-scale water collection devices or other materials science applications where patterning is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Guo Hui Teo
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), The University of Tasmania , Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Chiara Neto
- School of Chemistry F11, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), The University of Tasmania , Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
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Wang S, Liu K, Yao X, Jiang L. Bioinspired Surfaces with Superwettability: New Insight on Theory, Design, and Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8230-93. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400083y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1085] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kesong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology
of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, BeiHang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong P6903, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology
of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, BeiHang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
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