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Geng Y, Yuan Y, Bao Y, Huang S, Wang X, Huang L, She C, Gong X, Xiong M. pH Window for High Selectivity of Ionizable Antimicrobial Polymers toward Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21781-21791. [PMID: 37115169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial polymers exhibit great potential for treating drug-resistant bacteria; however, designing antimicrobial polymers that can selectively kill bacteria and cause relatively low toxicity to normal tissues/cells remains a key challenge. Here, we report a pH window for ionizable polymers that exhibit high selectivity toward bacteria. Ionizable polymer PC6A showed the greatest selectivity (131.6) at pH 7.4, exhibiting low hemolytic activity and high antimicrobial activity against bacteria, whereas a very high or low protonation degree (PD) produced relatively low selectivity (≤35.6). Bactericidal mechanism of PC6A primarily comprised membrane lysis without inducing drug resistance even after consecutive incubation for 32 passages. Furthermore, PC6A demonstrated synergistic effects in combination with antibiotics at pH 7.4. Hence, this study provides a strategy for designing selective antimicrobial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Geng
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yueling Yuan
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510300, P. R. China
| | - Songyin Huang
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangqi Huang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chun She
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510300, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Gong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Menghua Xiong
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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2
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Zheng P, Li R, Li F, Wang R, Qian S. Exploration of Biological Properties and Antibacterial Action against
Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus aureus
of (LLKK)
3
‐Derived Peptides. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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3
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Yu R, Geng T, Wei T, Wang M, Cao Y, Du M, He W, Haleem A, Hu R, Cao Y, Chen S. Membrane-disruptive homo-polymethacrylate with both hydrophobicity and pH-sensitive protonation for selective cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:3364-3372. [PMID: 36883988 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02749f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-disruptive strategy, which involves host defense peptides and their mimetics, is a revolutionary cancer treatment based on broad-spectrum anticancer activities. However, clinical application is limited by low selectivity towards tumors. In this context, we have established a highly selective anticancer polymer, i.e. poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(2-azepane ethyl methacrylate) (PEG-PAEMA), that can mediate the membrane-disruptive activity via a subtle pH change between physiological pH and tumor acidity for selective cancer treatment. Specifically, the resulting PEG-PAEMA can assemble into neutral nanoparticles and silence the membrane-disruptive activity at physiological pH and disassemble into cationic free-chains or smaller nanoparticles with potent membrane-disruptive activity after the protonation of the PAEMA block due to tumor acidity, resulting in high selectivity towards tumors. Dramatically, PEG-PAEMA exhibited a >200-fold amplification in hemolysis and <5% in IC50 against Hepa1-6, SKOV3 and CT-26 cells at pH 6.7 as compared to those at pH 7.4, thanks to the selective membrane-disruptive mechanism. Moreover, mid- and high-dose PEG-PAEMA demonstrated higher anticancer efficacy than an optimal clinical prescription (bevacizumab plus PD-1) and, significantly, had few side effects on major organs in the tumor-bearing mice model, agreeing with the highly selective membrane-disruptive activity in vivo. Collectively, this work showcases the latent anticancer pharmacological activity of the PAEMA block, and also brings new hope for selective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Tingting Geng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Taotian Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Yin Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Mengting Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Weidong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Abdul Haleem
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Shengqi Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
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4
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Takahashi H, Sovadinova I, Yasuhara K, Vemparala S, Caputo GA, Kuroda K. Biomimetic antimicrobial polymers—Design, characterization, antimicrobial, and novel applications. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1866. [PMID: 36300561 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic antimicrobial polymers have been an area of great interest as the need for novel antimicrobial compounds grows due to the development of resistance. These polymers were designed and developed to mimic naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides in both physicochemical composition and mechanism of action. These antimicrobial peptide mimetic polymers have been extensively investigated using chemical, biophysical, microbiological, and computational approaches to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions that drive function. These studies have helped inform SARs, mechanism of action, and general physicochemical factors that influence the activity and properties of antimicrobial polymers. However, there are still lingering questions in this field regarding 3D structural patterning, bioavailability, and applicability to alternative targets. In this review, we present a perspective on the development and characterization of several antimicrobial polymers and discuss novel applications of these molecules emerging in the field. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University Higashi‐Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Iva Sovadinova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara Japan
- Center for Digital Green‐Innovation Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara Japan
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences CIT Campus Chennai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Mumbai India
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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5
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Bapolisi AM, Kielb P, Bekir M, Lehnen AC, Radon C, Laroque S, Wendler P, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Hartlieb M. Antimicrobial Polymers of Linear and Bottlebrush Architecture: Probing the Membrane Interaction and Physicochemical Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200288. [PMID: 35686622 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric antimicrobial peptide mimics are a promising alternative for the future management of the daunting problems associated with antimicrobial resistance. However, the development of successful antimicrobial polymers (APs) requires careful control of factors such as amphiphilic balance, molecular weight, dispersity, sequence, and architecture. While most of the earlier developed APs focus on random linear copolymers, the development of APs with advanced architectures proves to be more potent. It is recently developed multivalent bottlebrush APs with improved antibacterial and hemocompatibility profiles, outperforming their linear counterparts. Understanding the rationale behind the outstanding biological activity of these newly developed antimicrobials is vital to further improving their performance. This work investigates the physicochemical properties governing the differences in activity between linear and bottlebrush architectures using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Linear copolymers are more solvated, thermo-responsive, and possess facial amphiphilicity resulting in random aggregations when interacting with liposomes mimicking Escheria coli membranes. The bottlebrush copolymers adopt a more stable secondary conformation in aqueous solution in comparison to linear copolymers, conferring rapid and more specific binding mechanism to membranes. The advantageous physicochemical properties of the bottlebrush topology seem to be a determinant factor in the activity of these promising APs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Kielb
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marek Bekir
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne-Catherine Lehnen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christin Radon
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sophie Laroque
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Wendler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Hartlieb
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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6
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Siegel DP. Bicontinuous inverted cubic phase stabilization as an index of antimicrobial and membrane fusion peptide activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183815. [PMID: 34748744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and membrane fusion-catalyzing peptides (FPs) stabilize bicontinuous inverted cubic (QII) phases. Previous authors proposed a topological rationale: since AMP-induced pores, fusion intermediates, and QII phases all have negative Gaussian curvature (NGC), peptides which produce NGC in one structure also do it in another. This assumes that peptides change the curvature energy of the lipid membranes. Here I test this with a Helfrich curvature energy model. First, experimentally, I show that lipid systems often used to study peptide NGC have NGC without peptides at higher temperatures. To determine the net effect of an AMP on NGC, the equilibrium phase behavior of the host lipids must be determined. Second, the model shows that AMPs must make large changes in the curvature energy to stabilize AMP-induced pores. Peptide-induced changes in elastic constants affect pores and QII phase differently. Changes in spontaneous curvature affect them in opposite ways. The observed correlation between QII phase stabilization and AMP activity doesn't show that AMPs act by lowering pore curvature energy. A different rationale is proposed. In theory, AMPs could simultaneously stabilize QII phase and pores by drastically changing two particular elastic constants. This could be tested by measuring AMP effects on the individual constants. I propose experiments to do that. Unlike AMPs, FPs must make only small changes in the curvature energy to catalyze fusion. It they act in this way, their fusion activity should correlate with their ability to stabilize QII phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Siegel
- Givaudan Inc., 1199 Edison Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45216, United States of America.
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7
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Tsukamoto M, Zappala E, Caputo GA, Kikuchi JI, Najarian K, Kuroda K, Yasuhara K. Mechanistic Study of Membrane Disruption by Antimicrobial Methacrylate Random Copolymers by the Single Giant Vesicle Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9982-9995. [PMID: 34378943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cationic amphiphilic polymers have been a platform to create new antimicrobial materials that act by disrupting bacterial cell membranes. While activity characterization and chemical optimization have been done in numerous studies, there remains a gap in our knowledge on the antimicrobial mechanisms of the polymers, which is needed to connect their chemical structures and biological activities. To that end, we used a single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) method to identify the membrane-disrupting mechanism of methacrylate random copolymers. The copolymers consist of random sequences of aminoethyl methacrylate and methyl (MMA) or butyl (BMA) methacrylate, with low molecular weights of 1600-2100 g·mol-1. GUVs consisting of an 8:2 mixture of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol), sodium salt (POPG) and those with only 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) were prepared to mimic the bacterial (Escherichia coli) or mammalian membranes, respectively. The disruption of bacteria and mammalian cell membrane-mimetic lipid bilayers in GUVs reflected the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of the copolymers, suggesting that the copolymers act by disrupting cell membranes. The copolymer with BMA formed pores in the lipid bilayer, while that with MMA caused GUVs to burst. Therefore, we propose that the mechanism is inherent to the chemical identity or properties of hydrophobic groups. The copolymer with MMA showed characteristic sigmoid curves of the time course of GUV burst. We propose a new kinetic model with a positive feedback loop in the insertion of the polymer chains in the lipid bilayer. The novel finding of alkyl-dependent membrane-disrupting mechanisms will provide a new insight into the role of hydrophobic groups in the optimization strategy for antimicrobial activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Tsukamoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
| | - Emanuele Zappala
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Kikuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
| | - Kayvan Najarian
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
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8
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Influence of lipid bilayer composition on the activity of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium ionenes, the interplay of intrinsic lipid curvature and polymer hydrophobicity, the role of cardiolipin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:112016. [PMID: 34364250 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of hydrophobic component into amphiphilic polycations structure is frequently accompanied by an increase of antimicrobial activity. There is, however, a group of relatively hydrophilic polycations containing quaternary ammonium moieties along mainchain, ionenes, which also display strong antimicrobial and limited hemolytic properties. In this work, an influence of a hydrophobic side group length on antimicrobial mechanism of action is investigated in a series of novel amphiphilic ionenes. High antimicrobial activity was found by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal, and fungicidal concentration (MBC and MFC) in both growth media and a buffer. Biocompatibility was estimated by hemolytic and mammalian cells viability assays. Mechanistic studies were performed using large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) with different lipid composition, as simplified models of cell membranes. The investigated ionenes are potent and selective antimicrobial molecules displaying a decrease of antimicrobial activity correlated with increase of hydrophobicity. Studies using LUVs revealed that the cardiolipin is an essential component responsible for the lipid bilayer permeabilization by investigated ionens. In contrast to relatively hydrophilic ionenes, more hydrophobic polymers showed an ability to stabilize membranes composed of lipids with negative spontaneous curvature in a certain range of polymer to lipid ratio. The results substantially contribute to the understanding of antimicrobial activity of the investigated class of polymers.
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9
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Fan F, Jin L, Yang L. pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles Composed Solely of Membrane-Disruptive Macromolecules for Treating Pancreatic Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12824-12835. [PMID: 33689289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic tumor is extremely lethal because its cancerous structures are sheltered by dense stromal barriers that hinder the infiltration of therapeutics. To facilitate the infiltration of therapeutics through the stromal barrier, remodeling the stroma with an adjuvant prior to or together with gemcitabine-the current chemotherapeutic standard for pancreatic cancer-is a widely studied strategy; nevertheless, the intrinsic nonuniformity in distribution (spatial and/or temporal) of the adjuvant and gemcitabine has raised the increased risk of tumor metastasis as a major concern. In this work, we propose long-circulating, pH-sensitive nanoparticles composed solely of cellular membrane-disruptive molecules as a new approach for treating pancreatic cancer. Using a micelle of a polymeric mimetic of host defense peptides as the model for such nanoparticles, we showed that this nanoparticle exhibited acid-activated cytotoxicity indiscriminately to both cancerous and fibroblast cells, and the underlying activity mode was acid-activatable disruption of cellular membrane integrity. As a result, our acid-activatable nanoparticle effectively permeabilized the stromal barrier and eradicated the otherwise sheltered pancreatic cancer cells, as demonstrated with a three-dimensional spheroid in which a shell of fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells was cultured over a core of pancreatic BxPC-3 cells. When administered intravenously into mouse models bearing xenograft pancreatic BxPC-3 tumors, our acid-activatable nanoparticle efficiently inhibited tumor growth without causing noticeable off-target adverse effects or promoting tumor metastasis. Notably, this nanoparticle permeabilized the otherwise dense pancreatic tumor tissue while significantly suppressing the expression of extracellular matrix components and activated cancer-associated fibroblasts. Although the feasibility of our approach was demonstrated with a micelle of a polymeric molecule, we trust that future research efforts in this pathway may eventually offer translational formulations for improving the therapeutic efficacy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lijun Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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10
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Rani G, Kuroda K, Vemparala S. Towards designing globular antimicrobial peptide mimics: role of polar functional groups in biomimetic ternary antimicrobial polymers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2090-2103. [PMID: 33439212 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01896a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we study the interaction of ternary methacrylate polymers, composed of charged cationic, hydrophobic and neutral polar groups, with model bacterial membrane. Our simulation data shows that the random ternary polymers can penetrate deep into the membrane interior and partitioning of even a single polymer has a pronounced effect on the membrane structure. Lipid reorganization, on polymer binding, shows a strong affinity of the ternary polymer for anionic POPG lipids and the same is compared with the control case of binary polymers (only cationic and hydrophobic groups). While binary polymers exhibit strong propensity of acquired amphiphilic conformations upon membrane insertion, our results strongly suggest that such amphiphilic conformations are absent in the case of random ternary polymers. The ternary polymers adopt a more folded conformation, staying aligned in the direction of the membrane normal and subsequently penetrating deeper into the membrane interior suggesting a novel membrane partitioning mechanism without amphiphilic conformations. Finally, we also examine the interactions of ternary polymer aggregates with model bacterial membranes, which show that replacing some of the hydrophobic groups by polar groups leads to weakly held ternary aggregates enabling them to undergo rapid partitioning and insertion into membrane interior. Our work thus underscores the role of inclusion of polar groups into the framework of traditional binary biomimetic antimicrobial polymers and suggests different mode of partitioning into bacterial membranes, mimicking antimicrobial mechanism of globular antimicrobial peptides like Defensin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Rani
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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11
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Jiang Y, Chen Y, Song Z, Tan Z, Cheng J. Recent advances in design of antimicrobial peptides and polypeptides toward clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:261-280. [PMID: 33400958 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens have sounded a piercing alarm for the need of new effective antimicrobial agents to guard public health. Among different types of candidates, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the synthetic mimics of AMPs (SMAMPs) have attracted significant enthusiasm in the past thirty years, due to their unique membrane-active antimicrobial mechanism and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The extensive research has brought many drug candidates into clinical and pre-clinical development. Despite tremendous progresses have been made, several major challenges inherent to current design strategies have slowed down the clinical translational development of AMPs and SMAMPs. However, these challenges also triggered many efforts to redesign and repurpose AMPs. In this review, we will first give an overview on AMPs and their synthetic mimics, and then discuss the current status of their clinical translation. Finally, the recent advances in redesign and repurposing AMPs and SMAMPs are highlighted.
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12
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13
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Phuong PT, Oliver S, He J, Wong EHH, Mathers RT, Boyer C. Effect of Hydrophobic Groups on Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activity: Developing a Predictive Tool for Ternary Antimicrobial Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5241-5255. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thu Phuong
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Oliver
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Junchen He
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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14
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Salas-Ambrosio P, Tronnet A, Verhaeghe P, Bonduelle C. Synthetic Polypeptide Polymers as Simplified Analogues of Antimicrobial Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:57-75. [PMID: 32786537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring macromolecules made of amino acids that are potent broad-spectrum antibiotics with potential as novel therapeutic agents. This review aims to summarize the fundamental principles concerning the structure and mechanism of action of these AMPs, in order to guide the design of polymeric analogues that organic chemistry can generate. Among those simplified analogues, this review particularly focuses on those made of amino acids called polypeptide polymers: they are showing great potential by providing one of the best biomimetic and bioactive structures for further biomaterials science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Tronnet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Pierre Verhaeghe
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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15
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Chemokine CCL28 Is a Potent Therapeutic Agent for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00210-20. [PMID: 32423961 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00210-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal organism that causes life-threatening or life-altering opportunistic infections. Treatment of Candida infections is limited by the paucity of antifungal drug classes. Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides are promising agents for drug development. CCL28 is a CC chemokine that is abundant in saliva and has in vitro antimicrobial activity. In this study, we examine the in vivo Candida killing capacity of CCL28 in oropharyngeal candidiasis as well as the spectrum and mechanism of anti-Candida activity. In the mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis, application of wild-type CCL28 reduces oral fungal burden in severely immunodeficient mice without causing excessive inflammation or altering tissue neutrophil recruitment. CCL28 is effective against multiple clinical strains of C. albicans Polyamine protein transporters are not required for CCL28 anti-Candida activity. Both structured and unstructured CCL28 proteins show rapid and sustained fungicidal activity that is superior to that of clinical antifungal agents. Application of wild-type CCL28 to C. albicans results in membrane disruption as measured by solute movement, enzyme leakage, and induction of negative Gaussian curvature on model membranes. Membrane disruption is reduced in CCL28 lacking the functional C-terminal tail. Our results strongly suggest that CCL28 can exert antifungal activity in part via membrane permeation and has potential for development as an anti-Candida therapeutic agent without inflammatory side effects.
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16
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Brittin J, Fry MR, Punia A, Johnson KA, Sengupta A. Antibacterial and hemolytic properties of acrylate-based random ternary copolymers comprised of same center cationic, ethyl and poly(oligoethylene glycol) side chains. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Chen A, Karanastasis A, Casey KR, Necelis M, Carone BR, Caputo GA, Palermo EF. Cationic Molecular Umbrellas as Antibacterial Agents with Remarkable Cell-Type Selectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21270-21282. [PMID: 31917544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a combinatorial library of dendrons that display a cluster of cationic charges juxtaposed with a hydrophobic alkyl chain, using the so-called "molecular umbrella" design approach. Systematically tuning the generation number and alkyl chain length enabled a detailed study of the structure-activity relationships in terms of both hydrophobic content and number of cationic charges. These discrete, unimolecular compounds display rapid and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity comparable to the activity of antibacterial peptides. Micellization was examined by pyrene emission and dynamic light scattering, which revealed that monomeric, individually solvated dendrons are present in aqueous media. The antibacterial mechanism of action is putatively driven by the membrane-disrupting nature of these cationic surfactants, which we confirmed by enzymatic assays on E. coli cells. The hemolytic activity of these dendritic macromolecules is sensitively dependent on the dendron generation and the alkyl chain length. Via structural optimization of these two key design features, we identified a leading candidate with potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (4-8 μg/mL) combined with outstanding hemocompatibility (up to 5000 μg/mL). This selected compound is >1000-fold more active against bacteria as compared to red blood cells, which represents one of the highest selectivity index values ever reported for a membrane-disrupting antibacterial agent. Thus, the leading candidate from this initial library screen holds great potential for future applications as a nontoxic, degradable disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12054, United States
| | - Apostolos Karanastasis
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12054, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Edmund F Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12054, United States
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18
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Dishman AF, Lee MW, de Anda J, Lee EY, He J, Huppler AR, Wong GCL, Volkman BF. Switchable Membrane Remodeling and Antifungal Defense by Metamorphic Chemokine XCL1. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1204-1213. [PMID: 32243126 PMCID: PMC7258946 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are
a class of molecules which generally
kill pathogens via preferential cell membrane disruption. Chemokines
are a family of signaling proteins that direct immune cell migration
and share a conserved α–β tertiary structure. Recently,
it was found that a subset of chemokines can also function as AMPs,
including CCL20, CXCL4, and XCL1. It is therefore surprising that
machine learning based analysis predicts that CCL20 and CXCL4’s
α-helices are membrane disruptive, while XCL1’s helix
is not. XCL1, however, is the only chemokine known to be a metamorphic
protein which can interconvert reversibly between two distinct native
structures (a β-sheet dimer and the α–β chemokine
structure). Here, we investigate XCL1’s antimicrobial mechanism
of action with a focus on the role of metamorphic folding. We demonstrate
that XCL1 is a molecular “Swiss army knife” that can
refold into different structures for distinct context-dependent functions:
whereas the α–β chemokine structure controls cell
migration by binding to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), we find
using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) that only the β-sheet
and unfolded XCL1 structures can induce negative Gaussian curvature
(NGC) in membranes, the type of curvature topologically required for
membrane permeation. Moreover, the membrane remodeling activity of
XCL1’s β-sheet structure is strongly dependent on membrane
composition: XCL1 selectively remodels bacterial model membranes but
not mammalian model membranes. Interestingly, XCL1 also permeates
fungal model membranes and exhibits anti-Candida activity in vitro, in contrast to the usual mode of antifungal defense
which requires Th17 mediated cell-based responses. These observations
suggest that metamorphic XCL1 is capable of a versatile multimodal
form of antimicrobial defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acacia F. Dishman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 United States
| | - Michelle W. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jaime de Anda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ernest Y. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jie He
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 United States
| | - Anna R. Huppler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 United States
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Brian F. Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 United States
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19
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Lee MW, de Anda J, Kroll C, Bieniossek C, Bradley K, Amrein KE, Wong GCL. How do cyclic antibiotics with activity against Gram-negative bacteria permeate membranes? A machine learning informed experimental study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183302. [PMID: 32311341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
All antibiotics have to engage bacterial amphiphilic barriers such as the lipopolysaccharide-rich outer membrane or the phospholipid-based inner membrane in some manner, either by disrupting them outright and/or permeating them and thereby allow the antibiotic to get into bacteria. There is a growing class of cyclic antibiotics, many of which are of bacterial origin, that exhibit activity against Gram-negative bacteria, which constitute an urgent problem in human health. We examine a diverse collection of these cyclic antibiotics, both natural and synthetic, which include bactenecin, polymyxin B, octapeptin, capreomycin, and Kirshenbaum peptoids, in order to identify what they have in common when they interact with bacterial lipid membranes. We find that they virtually all have the ability to induce negative Gaussian curvature (NGC) in bacterial membranes, the type of curvature geometrically required for permeation mechanisms such as pore formation, blebbing, and budding. This is interesting since permeation of membranes is a function usually ascribed to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from innate immunity. As prototypical test cases of cyclic antibiotics, we analyzed amino acid sequences of bactenecin, polymyxin B, and capreomycin using our recently developed machine-learning classifier trained on α-helical AMP sequences. Although the original classifier was not trained on cyclic antibiotics, a modified classifier approach correctly predicted that bactenecin and polymyxin B have the ability to induce NGC in membranes, while capreomycin does not. Moreover, the classifier was able to recapitulate empirical structure-activity relationships from alanine scans in polymyxin B surprisingly well. These results suggest that there exists some common ground in the sequence design of hybrid cyclic antibiotics and linear AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jaime de Anda
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Carsten Kroll
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Pharmaceutical Science, Roche, Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bieniossek
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Pharmaceutical Science, Roche, Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth Bradley
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Pharmaceutical Science, Roche, Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt E Amrein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Pharmaceutical Science, Roche, Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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20
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Fan F, Piao JG, Zhao Y, Jin L, Li M, Wang Y, Yang L. Bioinspired Membrane-Disruptive Macromolecules as Drug-Free Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1267-1275. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Xu J, Pu L, Ma J, Kumar SK, Duan H. Antibacterial properties of synthesized cyclic and linear cationic copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00755b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial activities of cationic cyclic copolymers compared to those of their linear counterparts were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637457
| | - Jielin Ma
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637457
| | - Sagar Kundan Kumar
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637457
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637457
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22
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Der Torossian Torres M, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Reprogramming biological peptides to combat infectious diseases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:15020-15032. [PMID: 31782426 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07898c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid spread of resistance among parasites and bacterial pathogens, antibiotic-resistant infections have drawn much attention worldwide. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to treat neglected diseases and drug-resistant infections. Here, we outline several new strategies that have been developed to counter pathogenic microorganisms by designing and constructing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In addition to traditional discovery and design mechanisms guided by chemical biology, synthetic biology and computationally-based approaches offer useful tools for the discovery and generation of bioactive peptides. We believe that the convergence of such fields, coupled with systematic experimentation in animal models, will help translate biological peptides into the clinic. The future of anti-infective therapeutics is headed towards specifically designed molecules whose form is driven by computer-based frameworks. These molecules are selective, stable, and active at therapeutic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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23
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Yuan Y, Lim DSW, Wu H, Lu H, Zheng Y, Wan ACA, Ying JY, Zhang Y. pH-Degradable imidazolium oligomers as antimicrobial materials with tuneable loss of activity. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2317-2325. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01683f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium oligomers containing pH-sensitive linkers degrade under basic conditions to less active fragments that slow the development of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Diane S. W. Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Hong Wu
- NanoBio Lab
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | | | - Yiran Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Andrew C. A. Wan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | | | - Yugen Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
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24
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Mortazavian H, Foster LL, Bhat R, Patel S, Kuroda K. Decoupling the Functional Roles of Cationic and Hydrophobic Groups in the Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activities of Methacrylate Random Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4370-4378. [PMID: 30350596 PMCID: PMC6238640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of ternary statistical methacrylate copolymers consisting of cationic ammonium (amino-ethyl methacrylate: AEMA), hydrophobic alkyl (ethyl methacrylate: EMA), and neutral hydroxyl (hydroxyethyl methacrylate: HEMA) side chain monomers. The cationic and hydrophobic functionalities of copolymers mimic the cationic amphiphilicity of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The HEMA monomer units were used to separately modulate the compositions of cationic and hydrophobic monomers, and we investigated the effect of each component on the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of copolymers. Our data indicated that increasing the number of cationic groups of the copolymers to be more than 30 mol % did not increase their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The number of cationic side chains in a polymer chain at this threshold is 5.5-7.7, which is comparable to those of natural antimicrobial peptides such as maginin (+6). The MIC values of copolymers with >30 mol % of AEMA depend on only the mol % of EMA, indicating that the hydrophobic interactions of the copolymers with E. coli cell membranes determine the antimicrobial activity of copolymers. These results suggest that the roles of cationic and hydrophobic groups can be controlled independently by design in the ternary copolymers studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mortazavian
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
| | - Leanna L. Foster
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
| | - Rajani Bhat
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
| | - Shyrie Patel
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
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25
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Lee MW, Lee EY, Wong GCL. What Can Pleiotropic Proteins in Innate Immunity Teach Us about Bioconjugation and Molecular Design? Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2127-2139. [PMID: 29771496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A common bioengineering strategy to add function to a given molecule is by conjugation of a new moiety onto that molecule. Adding multiple functions in this way becomes increasingly challenging and leads to composite molecules with larger molecular weights. In this review, we attempt to gain a new perspective by looking at this problem in reverse, by examining nature's strategies of multiplexing different functions into the same pleiotropic molecule using emerging analysis techniques such as machine learning. We concentrate on examples from the innate immune system, which employs a finite repertoire of molecules for a broad range of tasks. An improved understanding of how diverse functions are multiplexed into a single molecule can inspire new approaches for the deterministic design of multifunctional molecules.
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26
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Peptide-Like Nylon-3 Polymers with Activity against Phylogenetically Diverse, Intrinsically Drug-Resistant Pathogenic Fungi. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00223-18. [PMID: 29794056 PMCID: PMC5967195 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00223-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dimensions of fungal diversity has major implications for the control of diseases in humans, plants, and animals and in the overall health of ecosystems on the planet. One ancient evolutionary strategy organisms use to manage interactions with microbes, including fungi, is to produce host defense peptides (HDPs). HDPs and their synthetic analogs have been subjects of interest as potential therapeutic agents. Due to increases in fungal disease worldwide, there is great interest in developing novel antifungal agents. Here we describe activity of polymeric HDP analogs against fungi from 18 pathogenic genera composed of 41 species and 72 isolates. The synthetic polymers are members of the nylon-3 family (poly-β-amino acid materials). Three different nylon-3 polymers show high efficacy against surprisingly diverse fungi. Across the phylogenetic spectrum (with the exception of Aspergillus species), yeasts, dermatophytes, dimorphic fungi, and molds were all sensitive to the effects of these polymers. Even fungi intrinsically resistant to current antifungal drugs, such as the causative agents of mucormycosis (Rhizopus spp.) and those with acquired resistance to azole drugs, showed nylon-3 polymer sensitivity. In addition, the emerging pathogens Pseudogymnoascus destructans (cause of white nose syndrome in bats) and Candida auris (cause of nosocomial infections of humans) were also sensitive. The three nylon-3 polymers exhibited relatively low toxicity toward mammalian cells. These findings raise the possibility that nylon-3 polymers could be useful against fungi for which there are only limited and/or no antifungal agents available at present.IMPORTANCE Fungi reside in all ecosystems on earth and impart both positive and negative effects on human, plant, and animal health. Fungal disease is on the rise worldwide, and there is a critical need for more effective and less toxic antifungal agents. Nylon-3 polymers are short, sequence random, poly-β-amino acid materials that can be designed to manifest antimicrobial properties. Here, we describe three nylon-3 polymers with potent activity against the most phylogenetically diverse set of fungi evaluated thus far in a single study. In contrast to traditional peptides, nylon-3 polymers are highly stable to proteolytic degradation and can be produced efficiently in large quantities at low cost. The ability to modify nylon-3 polymer composition easily creates an opportunity to tailor efficacy and toxicity, which makes these materials attractive as potential broad-spectrum antifungal therapeutics.
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27
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Li X, Wu B, Chen H, Nan K, Jin Y, Sun L, Wang B. Recent developments in smart antibacterial surfaces to inhibit biofilm formation and bacterial infections. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4274-4292. [PMID: 32254504 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since their development over 70 years, antibiotics are still the most effective strategy to treat bacterial biofilms and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Biao Wu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wenzhou
| | - Kaihui Nan
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wenzhou
| | - Yingying Jin
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Bailiang Wang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wenzhou
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28
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Ergene C, Palermo EF. Self-immolative polymers with potent and selective antibacterial activity by hydrophilic side chain grafting. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7217-7229. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-immolative polymers, which exert potent antibacterial activity with low hemolytic toxicity to red blood cells, are triggered to unzip into small molecules by a chemical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ergene
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
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29
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Benkhaled BT, Hadiouch S, Olleik H, Perrier J, Ysacco C, Guillaneuf Y, Gigmes D, Maresca M, Lefay C. Elaboration of antimicrobial polymeric materials by dispersion of well-defined amphiphilic methacrylic SG1-based copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00523k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Towards a versatile and easy method of elaboration of solid polymeric antimicrobial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Slim Hadiouch
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Hamza Olleik
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Centrale Marseille
- iSm2
- Marseille
| | | | - Cedric Ysacco
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Centrale Marseille
- iSm2
- Marseille
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
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30
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Ergene C, Yasuhara K, Palermo EF. Biomimetic antimicrobial polymers: recent advances in molecular design. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00012c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, coupled with the decline in the number of new antibiotic drug approvals, has created a therapeutic gap that portends an emergent public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ergene
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute for Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
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31
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Lee M, Lee EY, Lai GH, Kennedy NW, Posey AE, Xian W, Ferguson AL, Hill RB, Wong GCL. Molecular Motor Dnm1 Synergistically Induces Membrane Curvature To Facilitate Mitochondrial Fission. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:1156-1167. [PMID: 29202017 PMCID: PMC5704292 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dnm1 and Fis1 are prototypical proteins that regulate yeast mitochondrial morphology by controlling fission, the dysregulation of which can result in developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Loss of Dnm1 blocks the formation of fission complexes and leads to elongated mitochondria in the form of interconnected networks, while overproduction of Dnm1 results in excessive mitochondrial fragmentation. In the current model, Dnm1 is essentially a GTP hydrolysis-driven molecular motor that self-assembles into ring-like oligomeric structures that encircle and pinch the outer mitochondrial membrane at sites of fission. In this work, we use machine learning and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate whether the motor Dnm1 can synergistically facilitate mitochondrial fission by membrane remodeling. A support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier trained to detect sequences with membrane-restructuring activity identifies a helical Dnm1 domain capable of generating negative Gaussian curvature (NGC), the type of saddle-shaped local surface curvature found on scission necks during fission events. Furthermore, this domain is highly conserved in Dnm1 homologues with fission activity. Synchrotron SAXS measurements reveal that Dnm1 restructures membranes into phases rich in NGC, and is capable of inducing a fission neck with a diameter of 12.6 nm. Through in silico mutational analysis, we find that the helical Dnm1 domain is locally optimized for membrane curvature generation, and phylogenetic analysis suggests that dynamin superfamily proteins that are close relatives of human dynamin Dyn1 have evolved the capacity to restructure membranes via the induction of curvature mitochondrial fission. In addition, we observe that Fis1, an adaptor protein, is able to inhibit the pro-fission membrane activity of Dnm1, which points to the antagonistic roles of the two proteins in the regulation of mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle
W. Lee
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ernest Y. Lee
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ghee Hwee Lai
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nolan W. Kennedy
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Ammon E. Posey
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United
States
| | - Wujing Xian
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - R. Blake Hill
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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32
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Lee EY, Lee MW, Fulan BM, Ferguson AL, Wong GCL. What can machine learning do for antimicrobial peptides, and what can antimicrobial peptides do for machine learning? Interface Focus 2017; 7:20160153. [PMID: 29147555 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse class of well-studied membrane-permeating peptides with important functions in innate host defense. In this short review, we provide a historical overview of AMPs, summarize previous applications of machine learning to AMPs, and discuss the results of our studies in the context of the latest AMP literature. Much work has been recently done in leveraging computational tools to design new AMP candidates with high therapeutic efficacies for drug-resistant infections. We show that machine learning on AMPs can be used to identify essential physico-chemical determinants of AMP functionality, and identify and design peptide sequences to generate membrane curvature. In a broader scope, we discuss the implications of our findings for the discovery of membrane-active peptides in general, and uncovering membrane activity in new and existing peptide taxonomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin M Fulan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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33
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Su X, Zhou X, Tan Z, Zhou C. Highly efficient antibacterial diblock copolypeptides based on lysine and phenylalanine. Biopolymers 2017; 107. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Zhengzhong Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghai 201804 China
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34
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Jiang Y, Zheng W, Kuang L, Ma H, Liang H. Hydrophilic Phage-Mimicking Membrane Active Antimicrobials Reveal Nanostructure-Dependent Activity and Selectivity. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:676-687. [PMID: 28758395 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalent wisdom on developing membrane active antimicrobials (MAAs) is to seek a delicate, yet unquantified, cationic-hydrophobic balance. Inspired by phages that use nanostructured protein devices to invade bacteria efficiently and selectively, we study here the antibiotic role of nanostructures by designing spherical and rod-like polymer molecular brushes (PMBs) that mimic the two basic structural motifs of bacteriophages. Three model PMBs with different well-defined geometries consisting of multiple, identical copies of densely packed poly(4-vinyl-N-methylpyridine iodide) branches are synthesized by controlled/"living" polymerization, reminiscent of the viral structural motifs comprised of multiple copies of protein subunits. We show that, while the individual linear-chain polymer branch that makes up the PMBs is hydrophilic and a weak antimicrobial, amphiphilicity is not a required antibiotic trait once nanostructures come into play. The nanostructured PMBs induce an unusual topological transition of bacterial but not mammalian membranes to form pores. The sizes and shapes of the nanostructures further help define the antibiotic activity and selectivity of the PMBs against different families of bacteria. This study highlights the importance of nanostructures in the design of MAAs with high activity, low toxicity, and target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Jiang
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Wan Zheng
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Liangju Kuang
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hairong Ma
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Hongjun Liang
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
- Departments
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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35
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Mankoci S, Kaiser RL, Sahai N, Barton HA, Joy A. Bactericidal Peptidomimetic Polyurethanes with Remarkable Selectivity against Escherichia coli. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2588-2597. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Mankoci
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ricky L. Kaiser
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Nita Sahai
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Hazel A. Barton
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Abraham Joy
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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36
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Kaplan A, Lee MW, Wolf AJ, Limon JJ, Becker CA, Ding M, Murali R, Lee EY, Liu GY, Wong GCL, Underhill DM. Direct Antimicrobial Activity of IFN-β. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:4036-4045. [PMID: 28411186 PMCID: PMC5469413 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFNs are a cytokine family essential for antiviral defense. More recently, type I IFNs were shown to be important during bacterial infections. In this article, we show that, in addition to known cytokine functions, IFN-β is antimicrobial. Parts of the IFN-β molecular surface (especially helix 4) are cationic and amphipathic, both classic characteristics of antimicrobial peptides, and we observed that IFN-β can directly kill Staphylococcus aureus Further, a mutant S. aureus that is more sensitive to antimicrobial peptides was killed more efficiently by IFN-β than was the wild-type S. aureus, and immunoblotting showed that IFN-β interacts with the bacterial cell surface. To determine whether specific parts of IFN-β are antimicrobial, we synthesized IFN-β helix 4 and found that it is sufficient to permeate model prokaryotic membranes using synchrotron x-ray diffraction and that it is sufficient to kill S. aureus These results suggest that, in addition to its well-known signaling activity, IFN-β may be directly antimicrobial and be part of a growing family of cytokines and chemokines, called kinocidins, that also have antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Andrea J Wolf
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Jose J Limon
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Courtney A Becker
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Minna Ding
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Ernest Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - George Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - David M Underhill
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048;
- Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
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37
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Takahashi H, Caputo GA, Vemparala S, Kuroda K. Synthetic Random Copolymers as a Molecular Platform To Mimic Host-Defense Antimicrobial Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1340-1350. [PMID: 28379682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have been used as a molecular platform to develop host-defense antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimetics which are effective in killing drug-resistant bacteria. In this topical review, we will discuss the AMP-mimetic design and chemical optimization strategies as well as the biological and biophysical implications of AMP mimicry by synthetic polymers. Traditionally, synthetic polymers have been used as a chemical means to replicate the chemical functionalities and physicochemical properties of AMPs (e.g., cationic charge, hydrophobicity) to recapitulate their mode of action. However, we propose a new perception that AMP-mimetic polymers are an inherently bioactive platform as whole molecules, which mimic more than the side chain functionalities of AMPs. The tunable nature and chemical simplicity of synthetic random polymers facilitate the development of potent, cost-effective, broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The polymer-based approach offers the potential for many antimicrobial applications to be used directly in solution or attached to surfaces to fight against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | | | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences , C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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38
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Lee MW, Han M, Bossa GV, Snell C, Song Z, Tang H, Yin L, Cheng J, May S, Luijten E, Wong GCL. Interactions between Membranes and "Metaphilic" Polypeptide Architectures with Diverse Side-Chain Populations. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2858-2871. [PMID: 28212487 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
At physiological conditions, most proteins or peptides can fold into relatively stable structures that present on their molecular surfaces specific chemical patterns partially smeared out by thermal fluctuations. These nanoscopically defined patterns of charge, hydrogen bonding, and/or hydrophobicity, along with their elasticity and shape stability (folded proteins have Young's moduli of ∼1 × 108 Pa), largely determine and limit the interactions of these molecules, such as molecular recognition and allosteric regulation. In this work, we show that the membrane-permeating activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be significantly enhanced using prototypical peptides with "molten" surfaces: metaphilic peptides with quasi-liquid surfaces and adaptable shapes. These metaphilic peptides have a bottlebrush-like architecture consisting of a rigid helical core decorated with mobile side chains that are terminated by cationic or hydrophobic groups. Computer simulations show that these flexible side chains can undergo significant rearrangement in response to different environments, giving rise to adaptable surface chemistry of the peptide. This quality makes it possible to control their hydrophobicity over a broad range while maintaining water solubility, unlike many AMPs and CPPs. Thus, we are able to show how the activity of these peptides is amplified by hydrophobicity and cationic charge, and rationalize these results using a quantitative mean-field theory. Computer simulations show that the shape-changing properties of the peptides and the resultant adaptive presentation of chemistry play a key enabling role in their interactions with membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guilherme Volpe Bossa
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Carly Snell
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sylvio May
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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39
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Deshayes S, Xian W, Schmidt NW, Kordbacheh S, Lieng J, Wang J, Zarmer S, Germain SS, Voyen L, Thulin J, Wong GCL, Kasko AM. Designing Hybrid Antibiotic Peptide Conjugates To Cross Bacterial Membranes. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:793-804. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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40
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Uppu DSSM, Samaddar S, Hoque J, Konai MM, Krishnamoorthy P, Shome BR, Haldar J. Side Chain Degradable Cationic–Amphiphilic Polymers with Tunable Hydrophobicity Show in Vivo Activity. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3094-102. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Divakara S. S. M. Uppu
- Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sandip Samaddar
- Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Jiaul Hoque
- Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Mohini M. Konai
- Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Bibek R. Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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41
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Mohy Eldin MS, Elazzazy AM, Saleh TS, Mekky AEM, Al-Bogami AS. Development of Novel Amphiphilic Pyrazole-g
-PolyGlycidyl methacrylate-Based Polymers with Potential Antimicrobial Activity. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir Mohy Eldin
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Asfan P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Polymer Materials Research Department; Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute; SRTAC; New Borg El-Arab City 21934 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Elazzazy
- Biological Science Department; Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Asfan P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products; Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries; National Research Centre; Dokki 12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Tamer Saied Saleh
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Asfan P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Green Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eltaher Mahmoud Mekky
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Asfan P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Abdullah Saad Al-Bogami
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Asfan P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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42
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Uppu DSSM, Haldar J. Lipopolysaccharide Neutralization by Cationic-Amphiphilic Polymers through Pseudoaggregate Formation. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:862-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divakara S. S. M. Uppu
- Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
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43
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Xie Y, Yang L. Calcium and Magnesium Ions Are Membrane-Active against Stationary-Phase Staphylococcus aureus with High Specificity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20628. [PMID: 26865182 PMCID: PMC4749956 DOI: 10.1038/srep20628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is notorious for its ability to acquire antibiotic-resistance, and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus has become a wide-spread cause of high mortality rate. Novel antimicrobials capable of eradicating S. aureus cells including antibiotic-resistant ones are thus highly desired. Membrane-active bactericides and species-specific antimicrobials are two promising sources of novel anti-infective agents for fighting against bacterial antibiotic-resistance. We herein show that Ca2+ and Mg2+, two alkaline-earth-metal ions physiologically essential for diverse living organisms, both disrupt model S. aureus membranes and kill stationary-phase S. aureus cells, indicative of membrane-activity. In contrast to S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis exhibit unaffected survival after similar treatment with these two cations, indicative of species-specific activity against S. aureus. Moreover, neither Ca2+ nor Mg2+ lyses mouse red blood cells, indicative of hemo-compatibility. This works suggests that Ca2+ and Mg2+ may have implications in targeted eradication of S. aureus pathogen including the antibiotic-resistant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Lihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China.,Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
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44
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He M, Zhou Y, Xiao H, Lu P. Amphiphilic cationic copolymers with ciprofloxacin: preparation and antimicrobial activities. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02145f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers with ciprofloxacin and primary amine salt copolymers applied to cellulose fibers showed excellent antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre
| | - Yuming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
- Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre
- University of New Brunswick
- Fredericton
- Canada
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre
- University of New Brunswick
- Fredericton
- Canada
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45
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Uppu DSSM, Bhowmik M, Samaddar S, Haldar J. Cyclization and unsaturation rather than isomerisation of side chains govern the selective antibacterial activity of cationic-amphiphilic polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4644-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The influence of cyclization and unsaturation on the hydrophobic side chains of cationic-amphiphilic polymers towards antibacterial activity and mammalian cell toxicity is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S. S. M. Uppu
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
- Bangalore
- India-560064
| | - M. Bhowmik
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
- Bangalore
- India-560064
| | - S. Samaddar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
- Bangalore
- India-560064
| | - J. Haldar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
- Bangalore
- India-560064
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Baul U, Kuroda K, Vemparala S. Interaction of multiple biomimetic antimicrobial polymers with model bacterial membranes. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:084902. [PMID: 25173040 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, interaction of multiple synthetic random copolymers based on methacrylates on prototypical bacterial membranes is investigated. The simulations show that the cationic polymers form a micellar aggregate in water phase and the aggregate, when interacting with the bacterial membrane, induces clustering of oppositely charged anionic lipid molecules to form clusters and enhances ordering of lipid chains. The model bacterial membrane, consequently, develops lateral inhomogeneity in membrane thickness profile compared to polymer-free system. The individual polymers in the aggregate are released into the bacterial membrane in a phased manner and the simulations suggest that the most probable location of the partitioned polymers is near the 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) clusters. The partitioned polymers preferentially adopt facially amphiphilic conformations at lipid-water interface, despite lacking intrinsic secondary structures such as α-helix or β-sheet found in naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upayan Baul
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
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Xiong M, Lee MW, Mansbach RA, Song Z, Bao Y, Peek RM, Yao C, Chen LF, Ferguson AL, Wong GCL, Cheng J. Helical antimicrobial polypeptides with radial amphiphilicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13155-60. [PMID: 26460016 PMCID: PMC4629321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507893112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Helical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) generally have facially amphiphilic structures that may lead to undesired peptide interactions with blood proteins and self-aggregation due to exposed hydrophobic surfaces. Here we report the design of a class of cationic, helical homo-polypeptide antimicrobials with a hydrophobic internal helical core and a charged exterior shell, possessing unprecedented radial amphiphilicity. The radially amphiphilic structure enables the polypeptide to bind effectively to the negatively charged bacterial surface and exhibit high antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the shielding of the hydrophobic core by the charged exterior shell decreases nonspecific interactions with eukaryotic cells, as evidenced by low hemolytic activity, and protects the polypeptide backbone from proteolytic degradation. The radially amphiphilic polypeptides can also be used as effective adjuvants, allowing improved permeation of commercial antibiotics in bacteria and enhanced antimicrobial activity by one to two orders of magnitude. Designing AMPs bearing this unprecedented, unique radially amphiphilic structure represents an alternative direction of AMP development; radially amphiphilic polypeptides may become a general platform for developing AMPs to treat drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rachael A Mansbach
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yan Bao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Catherine Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
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Hu K, Jiang Y, Xie Y, Liu H, Liu R, Zhao Z, Lai R, Yang L. Small-Anion Selective Transmembrane "Holes" Induced by an Antimicrobial Peptide Too Short to Span Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:8553-60. [PMID: 26126210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Whereas many membrane-destabilization modes have been suggested for membrane-spanning antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), few are available for those too short to span membrane thickness. Here we show that ORB-1, a 15-residue disulfide-bridged AMP that is only ∼20 Å long even when fully stretched like a hairpin, may act by inducing small anion-selective transmembrane "holes" of negative mean curvature. In model membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, ORB-1 induces chloride transmembrane transport and formation of transmembrane channels of negative mean curvature, whereas the inactive analogue, ORB-N, does not, suggesting a correlation between antibacterial activity and ability to induce transmembrane channels. Given that ORB-N is the C-terminus amidated form of ORB-1, our results further suggest that formation of membrane-spanning dimers may be required to initiate the observed channel induction. Moreover, ORB-1 renders model bacterial membranes permeable to anions with effective hydration diameters of <1 nm (e.g., Cl(-) and NO3(-)), but not cations of similar sizes (e.g., H3O(+)), indicative of anion-selective transmembrane channels with an effective inner diameter of ≤1 nm. In addition, negative-intrinsic-curvature (NIC) lipids such as phosphoethanolamine (PE) may facilitate the membrane-destabilization process of ORB-1. Our findings may expand current understandings on how AMPs destabilize membranes and facilitate the pharmaceutical development of ORB-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rui Liu
- ‡Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | | | - Ren Lai
- ‡Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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Pentobra: A Potent Antibiotic with Multiple Layers of Selective Antimicrobial Mechanisms against Propionibacterium Acnes. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1581-1589. [PMID: 25668237 PMCID: PMC4430421 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although antibiotics are a common treatment for acne, the difficulties inherent to effective antimicrobial penetration in sebum and selective antimicrobial action in skin are compounded by increasing resistance of Propionibacterium acnes clinical isolates. To address these problems, we engineered Pentobra, a peptide-aminoglycoside molecule which has multiple mechanisms of antibacterial action, and investigated whether it can be a potential candidate for the treatment of acne. Pentobra combines the potent ribosomal activity of aminoglycosides with the bacteria-selective membrane-permeabilizing abilities of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Pentobra demonstrated potent and selective killing of P. acnes, but not against human skin cells in vitro. In direct comparison, Pentobra demonstrated bactericidal activity and drastically outperformed free tobramycin (by 5–7 logs) against multiple P. acnes clinical strains. Moreover, EM studies showed that Pentobra had robust membrane activity, as treatment with Pentobra killed P. acnes cells and caused leakage of intracellular contents. Pentobra may also have potential anti-inflammatory effects as demonstrated by suppression of some P. acnes-induced chemokines. Importantly, the killing activity was maintained in sebaceous environments as Pentobra was bactericidal against clinical isolates in comedones extracts isolated from human donors. Our work demonstrates that equipping aminoglycosides with selective membrane activity is a viable approach for developing antibiotics against P. acnes that are effective in cutaneous environments.
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