1
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Nakayama S, Yamagishi H, Oki O, Kushida S, Chen J, Kuwabara J, Kanbara T, Yospanya W, Oda R, Yamamoto Y. Near-unity angular anisotropy of circularly polarized luminescence from microspheres of monodispersed chiral conjugated polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38958669 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A microsphere, assembled from a chiral π-conjugated polymer with narrow polydispersity, features a well-organized twisted-bipolar structure and exhibits highly biased circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The CPL emitted toward the equatorial direction is 61-fold greater than that emitted along the zenith direction, which is the highest anisotropy among existing microscopic CPL emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Nakayama
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Osamu Oki
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Soh Kushida
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Wijak Yospanya
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Reiko Oda
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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2
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Gust D, Scholz M, Schumacher V, Mulatier JC, Pitrat D, Guy L, Oum K, Lenzer T. Annealing temperature-dependent induced supramolecular chiroptical response of copolymer thin films studied by pump-modulated transient circular dichroism spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12694. [PMID: 38830981 PMCID: PMC11148131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Copolymer thin films showing induced supramolecular chirality are of considerable interest for optoelectronic applications such as organic light-emitting diodes. Here, we introduce a new helicene-like chiral additive with two octyloxy substituents which displays excellent chiral induction properties in an achiral polyfluorene copolymer, leading to a circular dichroism (CD) response of up to 10,000 mdeg. This chiral inducer also displays very good thermal stability, which enables us to perform an extended study on the induced chiroptical properties of the cholesteric copolymer thin films annealed at different temperatures in the range 140-260 °C. Starting from about 180 °C, a distinct change in the morphology of the CD-active film is observed by CD microscopy, from micrometre-size granular to extended CD-active regions, where the latter ones display skewed distributions of the dissymmetry parameter gabs. Broadband Müller matrix spectroscopy finds a pronounced CD and circular birefringence (CB) response and only weak linear dichroism (LD, LD') and linear birefringence (LB, LB'). Ultrafast transient CD spectroscopy with randomly polarised excitation reveals a clean mirror-image-type transient response, which shows a second-order decay of the S1 population due to singlet-singlet annihilation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic Gust
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mirko Scholz
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Vivien Schumacher
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Mulatier
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Pitrat
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Guy
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Kawon Oum
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
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3
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Gedeon C, Del Rio N, Furlan F, Taddeucci A, Vanthuyne N, Gregoriou VG, Fuchter MJ, Siligardi G, Gasparini N, Crassous J, Chochos CL. Rational Design of New Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality for Efficient Optoelectronic Devices: Carbo[6]Helicene and Indacenodithiophene Copolymers as Model Compounds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314337. [PMID: 38406997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The unique properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) in various optoelectronic applications are mainly attributed to their different self-assembly processes and superstructures. Various methods are utilized to tune and control CP structure and properties with less attention paid to the use of chirality. CPs with main chain chirality are rare and their microscopic and macroscopic properties are still unknown. In this work, the first experimental results are provided along these lines by synthesizing a series of racemic and enantiopure CPs containing statistical and alternating carbo[6]helicene and indacenodithiophene moieties and evaluating their microscopic (optical, energy levels) and macroscopic properties (hole mobilities, photovoltaic performance). It is demonstrated that a small statistical insertion of either the racemic or enantiopure helicene into the polymer backbone finely tunes the microscopic and macroscopic properties as a function of the statistical content. The microscopic properties of the enantiopure versus the racemic polymers with the same helicene loading remain similar. On the contrary, the macroscopic properties, and more interestingly those between the two enantiomeric forms, are altered as a function of the statistical content. Once incorporated into a solar cell device, these chiral CPs display better performance in their enantiopure versus racemic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gedeon
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, Rennes, 35000, France
| | | | - Francesco Furlan
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, 13007, France
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
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4
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Joseph JP, Malone T, Abraham SR, Dutta A, Gupta S, Kuzmin A, Baev A, Swihart MT, Hendrickson JR, Prasad PN. Plasticizer-Induced Enhancement of Mesoscale Dissymmetry in Thin Films of Chiral Polymers with Variable Chain Length. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305684. [PMID: 37725635 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with chiral side chains are of interest in areas including chiral photonics, optoelectronics, and chemical and biological sensing. However, the low dissymmetry factors of most neat polymer thin films have limited their practical application. Here, a robust method to increase the absorption dissymmetry factor in a poly-fluorene-thiophene (PF8TS series) system is demonstrated by varying molecular weight and introducing an achiral plasticizer, polyethylene mono alcohol (PEM-OH). Extending chain length within the optimal range and adding this long-chain alcohol significantly enhance the chiroptical properties of spin-coated and annealed thin films. Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry (MMSE) analysis shows good agreement with the steady-state transmission measurements confirming a strong chiral response (circular dichroism (CD) and circular birefringence (CB)), ruling out linear dichroism, birefringence, and specific reflection effects. Solid-state NMR studies of annealed hybrid chiral polymer systems show enhancement of signals associated with aromatic π-stacked backbone and the ordered side-chain conformations. Further studies using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and polarized optical microscopy (POM) indicate that PEM-OH facilitates mesoscopic crystal domain ordering upon annealing. This provides new insights into routes for tuning optical activity in conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo P Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Trent Malone
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Shema R Abraham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Avisek Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Andrey Kuzmin
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Alexander Baev
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Joshua R Hendrickson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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5
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Albano G, Taddeucci A, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Spatially Resolved Chiroptical Spectroscopies Emphasizing Recent Applications to Thin Films of Chiral Organic Dyes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301982. [PMID: 37515814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Instrumental techniques able to identify and structurally characterize the aggregation states in thin films of chiral organic π-conjugated materials, from the first-order supramolecular arrangement up to the microscopic and mesoscopic scale, are very helpful for clarifying structure-property relationships. Chiroptical imaging is currently gaining a central role, for its ability of mapping local supramolecular structures in thin films. The present review gives an overview of electronic circular dichroism imaging (ECDi), circularly polarized luminescence imaging (CPLi), and vibrational circular dichroism imaging (VCDi), with a focus on their applications on thin films of chiral organic dyes as case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Minion L, Wade J, Moreno‐Naranjo JM, Ryan S, Siligardi G, Fuchter MJ. Insights into the origins of inverted circular dichroism in thin films of a chiral side chain polyfluorene. Chirality 2023; 35:817-825. [PMID: 37349263 PMCID: PMC10946986 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a fluorene-bithiophene co-polymer with chiral side chains (cPFT2) and investigated its chiroptical properties via synchotronradiation circular dichroism. We observed that thin films of the polymer display an intense circular dichroism (CD) upon annealing, which is of opposite handedness to the CD reported for similar polyfluorenes bearing the same enantiomeric chiral side chain. We then contrast the properties of this polymer with chiral side chain fluorene homopolymer (cPF) and observe large differences in their thin film morphology. Using photoluminescence spectroscopy, we uncover evidence of polymer chain bending in cPFT2, which is further supported by theoretical calculations, and propose an explanation for the observed inverted optical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Minion
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
- B23 Beamline, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotUK
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
| | - Juan Manuel Moreno‐Naranjo
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London, White City CampusLondonUK
| | - Seán Ryan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London, White City CampusLondonUK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- B23 Beamline, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotUK
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London, White City CampusLondonUK
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7
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Yang S, Zhang S, Hu F, Han J, Li F. Circularly polarized luminescence polymers: From design to applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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8
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Müllen K, Scherf U. Conjugated Polymers: Where We Come From, Where We Stand, and Where We Might Go. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 D‐50128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry Group (BUWmakro), and Wuppertal Institute for Smart Materials & Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal Gauss‐Str. 20 D‐42119 Wuppertal Germany
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9
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Joseph JP, Abraham SR, Dutta A, Baev A, Swihart MT, Prasad PN. Modulating the Chiroptical Response of Chiral Polymers with Extended Conjugation within the Structural Building Blocks. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9085-9095. [PMID: 36154023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Advancing the emerging area of chiral photonics requires modeling-guided concepts of chiral material design to enhance optical activity and associated optical rotatory dispersion. Herein, we introduce conformational engineering achieved by tuning polymer backbone conjugation through introduction of thiophene structural units in a chiral fluorene polymer backbone. Our theoretical calculations reveal a relationship between the structural conformation and the resultant rotational strength. We further synthesize a series of chiral fluorene-based polymers copolymerized with thiophene whose optical chirality trend is in qualitative agreement with predictions of our quantum chemical calculations. Varying the number of thiophene units in the monomer building block allows us to modulate the rotational strength by tuning the intrafibril helicity of single-stranded polymer chains, whereby the monomer conjugation is retained throughout the whole length of the polymer backbone. Our design concept delineates an underexamined approach: the concept of tuning backbone conjugation and helicity within the main chain to enhance the optical activity of chiral polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo P Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Shema R Abraham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Avisek Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Alexander Baev
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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10
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Morgenroth M, Scholz M, Guy L, Oum K, Lenzer T. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Efficient Chiral Induction by Helicene‐Type Additives in Copolymer Thin Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203075. [PMID: 35577763 PMCID: PMC9401025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We observed efficient induction of chirality in polyfluorene copolymer thin films by mixing with helicene‐type chiral additives based on the dibenzo[c,h]acridine motif. Images obtained from circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) microscopy provide information about the chiral arrangements in the thin films with diffraction‐limited resolution. The CD signal shows a characteristic dependence on the film thickness, which supports a supramolecular origin of the strong chiral response of the copolymer. In particular, we demonstrate the discrimination between films of opposite chirality based on their ultrafast transient chiral response through the use of femtosecond broadband CD spectroscopy and a newly developed setup for transient CPL spectroscopy with 28 ps time resolution. A systematic variation of the enantiomeric excess of the chiral additive shows that the “Sergeants and Soldiers” concept and “Majority Rules” are not obeyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Morgenroth
- University of Siegen Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology Department Chemistry and Biology Physical Chemistry 2 Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
| | - Mirko Scholz
- University of Siegen Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology Department Chemistry and Biology Physical Chemistry 2 Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
| | - Laure Guy
- Univ. Lyon ENS de Lyon CNRS UMR 5182 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie 69342 Lyon France
| | - Kawon Oum
- University of Siegen Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology Department Chemistry and Biology Physical Chemistry 2 Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- University of Siegen Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology Department Chemistry and Biology Physical Chemistry 2 Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
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11
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Morgenroth M, Scholz M, Guy L, Oum K, Lenzer T. Räumliche und zeitliche Kartierung effizienter chiraler Induktion durch helikale Additive in dünnen Copolymerfilmen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Morgenroth
- Universität Siegen Fakultät IV: Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät Department Chemie und Biologie, Physikalische Chemie 2 Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Mirko Scholz
- Universität Siegen Fakultät IV: Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät Department Chemie und Biologie, Physikalische Chemie 2 Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Laure Guy
- Univ. Lyon ENS de Lyon CNRS UMR 5182 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie 69342 Lyon Frankreich
| | - Kawon Oum
- Universität Siegen Fakultät IV: Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät Department Chemie und Biologie, Physikalische Chemie 2 Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Universität Siegen Fakultät IV: Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät Department Chemie und Biologie, Physikalische Chemie 2 Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Deutschland
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12
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Morgenroth M, Scholz M, Cho MJ, Choi DH, Oum K, Lenzer T. Mapping the broadband circular dichroism of copolymer films with supramolecular chirality in time and space. Nat Commun 2022; 13:210. [PMID: 35017508 PMCID: PMC8752614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurements of the electronic circular dichroism (CD) are highly sensitive to the absolute configuration and conformation of chiral molecules and supramolecular assemblies and have therefore found widespread application in the chemical and biological sciences. Here, we demonstrate an approach to simultaneously follow changes in the CD and absorption response of photoexcited systems over the ultraviolet-visible spectral range with 100 fs time resolution. We apply the concept to chiral polyfluorene copolymer thin films and track their electronic relaxation in detail. The transient CD signal stems from the supramolecular response of the system and provides information regarding the recovery of the electronic ground state. This allows for a quantification of singlet-singlet annihilation and charge-pair formation processes. Spatial mapping of chiral domains on femtosecond time scales with a resolution of 50 μm and diffraction-limited steady-state imaging of the circular dichroism and the circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) of the films is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Morgenroth
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mirko Scholz
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kawon Oum
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
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13
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Maity S, Bedi A, Patil S. Side‐chain induced chirality in diketopyrrolopyrrole based polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Maity
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Anjan Bedi
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
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14
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Oki O, Kulkarni C, Yamagishi H, Meskers SCJ, Lin ZH, Huang JS, Meijer EW, Yamamoto Y. Robust Angular Anisotropy of Circularly Polarized Luminescence from a Single Twisted-Bipolar Polymeric Microsphere. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8772-8779. [PMID: 34085826 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has long been surmised that the circular polarization of luminescence (CPL) emitted by a chiral molecule or a molecular assembly should vary with the direction in which the photon is emitted. Despite its potential utility, this anisotropic CPL has not yet been demonstrated at the level of single molecules or supramolecular assemblies. Here we show that conjugated polymers bearing chiral side chains self-assemble into solid microspheres with a twisted bipolar interior, which are formed via liquid-liquid phase separation and subsequent condensation into a cholesteric lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophase. The resultant microspheres, when dispersed in methanol, exhibit CPL with a glum value as high as 0.23. The microspheres are mechanically robust enough to be handled with a microneedle under ambient conditions, allowing comprehensive examination of the angular anisotropy of CPL. The single microsphere is found to exhibit distinct angularly anisotropic birefringence and CPL with glum up to ∼0.5 in the equatorial plane, which is 2.5-fold greater than that along the polar axis. Such optically anisotropic solid materials are important for the application to next-generation microlight-emitting and visualizing devices as well as for fundamental optics studies of chiral light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Oki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Chidambar Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Zhan-Hong Lin
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - E W Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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15
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Abstract
This review surveys recent progress towards robust chiral nanostructure fabrication techniques using synthetic helical polymers, the unique inferred properties that these materials possess, and their intricate connection to natural, biological chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
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16
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Wade J, Hilfiker JN, Brandt JR, Liirò-Peluso L, Wan L, Shi X, Salerno F, Ryan STJ, Schöche S, Arteaga O, Jávorfi T, Siligardi G, Wang C, Amabilino DB, Beton PH, Campbell AJ, Fuchter MJ. Natural optical activity as the origin of the large chiroptical properties in π-conjugated polymer thin films. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6137. [PMID: 33262352 PMCID: PMC7708482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light have been demonstrated with the promise of achieving important technological advances; from efficient, high-performance displays, to 3D imaging and all-organic spintronic devices. However, the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has, until now, remained elusive. We investigate the emergence of such phenomena in achiral polymers blended with a chiral small-molecule additive (1-aza[6]helicene) and intrinsically chiral-sidechain polymers using a combination of spectroscopic methods and structural probes. We show that – under conditions relevant for device fabrication – the large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling (natural optical activity), not structural chirality as previously assumed, and may occur because of local order in a cylinder blue phase-type organisation. This disruptive mechanistic insight into chiral polymer thin films will offer new approaches towards chiroptical materials development after almost three decades of research in this area. Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wade
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James N Hilfiker
- J.A. Woollam Co. Inc., 645M Street, Suite 102, Lincoln, NE, 68508-2243, USA
| | - Jochen R Brandt
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Letizia Liirò-Peluso
- School of Chemistry & The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Francesco Salerno
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Seán T J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Stefan Schöche
- J.A. Woollam Co. Inc., 645M Street, Suite 102, Lincoln, NE, 68508-2243, USA
| | - Oriol Arteaga
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, IN2UB, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Tamás Jávorfi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry & The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alasdair J Campbell
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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17
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Albano G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10145-10243. [PMID: 32892619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral π-conjugated molecules provide new materials with outstanding features for current and perspective applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. In thin films, processes such as charge conduction, light absorption, and emission are governed not only by the structure of the individual molecules but also by their supramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions to a large extent. Electronic circular dichroism, ECD, and its emission counterpart, circularly polarized luminescence, CPL, provide tools for studying aggregated states and the key properties to be sought for designing innovative devices. In this review, we shall present a comprehensive coverage of chiroptical properties measured on thin films of organic π-conjugated molecules. In the first part, we shall discuss some general concepts of ECD, CPL, and other chiroptical spectroscopies, with a focus on their applications to thin film samples. In the following, we will overview the existing literature on chiral π-conjugated systems whose thin films have been characterized by ECD and/or CPL, as well other chiroptical spectroscopies. Special emphasis will be put on systems with large dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum) and on the application of ECD and CPL to derive structural information on aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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18
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Scholz M, Morgenroth M, Cho MJ, Choi DH, Oum K, Lenzer T. Ultrafast Broadband Transient Absorption and Circular Dichroism Reveal Relaxation of a Chiral Copolymer. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5160-5166. [PMID: 31436421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the photoinduced dynamics of the chiral polyfluorene-phenylene copolymer PFPh in THF and in cholesteric thin films. After photoexcitation at 370 nm in THF, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) transient absorption spectra show fast subpicosecond to picosecond intrachain migration of singlet excitons, solvation dynamics, and an exciton lifetime of 410 ps. The PFPh thin film features also interchain singlet exciton migration and exhibits shorter (2.1 and 240 ps) and longer lifetime components (2800 ps, interchain recombination). Furthermore, a setup for ultrafast UV-vis broadband transient circular dichroism (TrCD) spectroscopy has been developed. Fast supramolecular relaxation processes are observed, which are linked to changes in the anisotropic polarizability and pitch length of the cholesteric film. Such combined ultrafast transient CD and absorption experiments hold promise to reveal not only details of relaxation processes in supramolecular arrangements but also structural rearrangements of chiral molecular systems featuring CD signals in the UV-vis region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Scholz
- Physical Chemistry, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Marius Morgenroth
- Physical Chemistry, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Kawon Oum
- Physical Chemistry, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Physical Chemistry, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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19
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Li S, Miao T, Cheng X, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Zhu X. Different phase-dominated chiral assembly of polyfluorenes induced by chiral solvation: axial and supramolecular chirality. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38257-38264. [PMID: 35541783 PMCID: PMC9075892 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of chirality in an achiral system will not only help avoid the tedious and expensive synthesis of chiral substances or catalysts but also greatly expand the ranges of chiral compounds. Herein, the induction of chirality in achiral polyfluorene (PF2/6 and PF8) with different alkyl chains at the C9 position of fluorene was achieved using a binary solvent system, in which ethanol was used as a poor solvent and chiral limonene was employed simultaneously as a good solvent and chiral solvent. The circular dichroism (CD), UV-vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrated that the structures of PFs with linear/branched alkyl side chains and the volume fractions of the cosolvents had an obvious effect on the generation of chirality driven by chiral solvation. During the chiral assembly processes of PFs, PF8 with a linear alkyl side chain demonstrated the obvious chiral β phase, while PF2/6 with a branched alkyl side chain only showed the chiral α phase. WAXD data also confirmed the existence of quite different phases of PF8 and PF2/6. The first induced chirality of PF with a branched alkyl side chain (PF2/6) will help the further understanding of the chiral assembly mechanism of PFs driven by chiral solvation. The induced chirality of PF2/6 was axial chirality of the PF chain but the chirality of PF8 was from the supramolecular chiral assembly of the PF chains. The linear dependence of the maximum CD and gCD values on the enantiomeric purity of chiral limonene demonstrated that the achiral PFs have a potential application as chiral sensors to detect the ee value of limonene. The chiral solvation induced chirality in achiral polyfluorenes showed the axial chirality for PF2/6 with branched side alkyl chain, but supramolecular chirality for PF8 with linear side alkyl chain.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Tengfei Miao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiaoxiao Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yin Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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20
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Kulkarni C, Meskers SCJ, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Amplifying Chiroptical Properties of Conjugated Polymer Thin-Film Using an Achiral Additive. Macromolecules 2018; 51:5883-5890. [PMID: 30135611 PMCID: PMC6096448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chiral conjugated polymers bearing enantiopure side chains offer the possibility to harness the effect of chirality in organic electronic devices. However, its use is hampered by the low degree of circular polarization in absorption (gabs) in most of the conjugated polymer thin-films studied. Here we demonstrate a versatile method to significantly increase the gabs by using a few weight percentages of a commercially available achiral long-chain alcohol as an additive. This additive enhances the chiroptical properties in both absorption and emission by ca. 5-10 times in the thin-films. We envisage that the alcohol additive acts as a plasticizer which enhances the long-range chiral liquid crystalline ordering of the polymer chains, thereby amplifying the chiroptical properties in the thin-film. The application of this methodology to various conjugated polymers has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambar Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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21
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Vázquez-Guilló R, Falco A, Martínez-Tomé MJ, Mateo CR, Herrero MA, Vázquez E, Mallavia R. Advantageous Microwave-Assisted Suzuki Polycondensation for the Synthesis of Aniline-Fluorene Alternate Copolymers as Molecular Model with Solvent Sensing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E215. [PMID: 30966250 PMCID: PMC6415332 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerization via Suzuki coupling under microwave (µW) irradiation has been studied for the synthesis of poly{1,4-(2/3-aminobenzene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dihexylfluorene)} (PAF), chosen as molecular model. Briefly, µW-assisted procedures accelerated by two orders of magnitude the time required when using classical polymerization processes, and the production yield was increased (>95%). In contrast, although the sizes of the polymers that were obtained by non-conventional heating reactions were reproducible and adequate for most applications, with this methodology the molecular weight of final polymers were not increased with respect to conventional heating. Asymmetric orientation of the amine group within the monomer and the assignments of each dyad or regioregularity, whose values ranged from 38% to 95% with this molecule, were analysed using common NMR spectroscopic data. Additionally, the synthesis of a new cationic polyelectrolyte, poly{1,4-(2/3-aminobenzene)-co-alt-2,7-[9,9´-bis(6''-N,N,N-trimethylammonium-hexyl)fluorene]} dibromide (PAFAm), from poly{1,4-(2/3-aminobenzene)-co-alt-2,7-[9,9´-bis(6''-bromohexyl)fluorene]} (PAFBr) by using previously optimized conditions for µW-assisted heating procedures was reported. Finally, the characterization of the final products from these batches showed unkown interesting solvatochromic properties of the PAF molecule. The study of the solvatochromism phenomena, which was investigated as a function of the polarity of the solvents, showed a well-defined Lippert correlation, indicating that the emission shift observed in PAF might be due to its interaction with surrounding environment. Proven high sensitivity to changes of its environment makes PAF a promising candidate of sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Vázquez-Guilló
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Alberto Falco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - M José Martínez-Tomé
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - C Reyes Mateo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - María Antonia Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica and Bioquímica, Facultad Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Edificio Marie Curie, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica and Bioquímica, Facultad Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Edificio Marie Curie, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Mallavia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202 Elche, Spain.
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22
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Di Nuzzo D, Kulkarni C, Zhao B, Smolinsky E, Tassinari F, Meskers SCJ, Naaman R, Meijer EW, Friend RH. High Circular Polarization of Electroluminescence Achieved via Self-Assembly of a Light-Emitting Chiral Conjugated Polymer into Multidomain Cholesteric Films. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12713-12722. [PMID: 29182859 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile route to obtain high and broad-band circular polarization of electroluminescence in single-layer polymer OLEDs. As a light-emitting material we use a donor-acceptor polyfluorene with enantiomerically pure chiral side-chains. We show that upon thermal annealing the polymer self-assembles into a multidomain cholesteric film. By varying the thickness of the polymer emitting layer, we achieve high levels of circular polarization of electroluminescence (up to 40% excess of right-handed polarization), which are the highest reported for polymer OLEDs not using chiral dopants or alignment layers. Mueller matrix ellipsometry shows strong optical anisotropies in the film, indicating that the circular polarization of luminescence arises mainly after the photon has been generated, through selective scattering and birefringence correlated in the direction of the initial linear polarization of the photon. Our work demonstrates that chirally substituted conjugated polymers can combine photonic and semiconducting properties in advanced optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Nuzzo
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Chidambar Kulkarni
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Baodan Zhao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eilam Smolinsky
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Francesco Tassinari
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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23
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Kulkarni C, Di Nuzzo D, Meijer EW, Meskers SCJ. Pitch and Handedness of the Cholesteric Order in Films of a Chiral Alternating Fluorene Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:11520-11527. [PMID: 29200297 PMCID: PMC6150679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
molecular organization in thermally annealed films of poly(9,9-bis((S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl)-2,7-fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole)
is investigated using polarized light. Measurement of linear polarization
in transmission and reflection as a function of layer thickness and
orientation directly show a left handed cholesteric organization with
a pitch length of 600 nm. Results are corroborated by measurements
of circularly polarized reflection and generalized ellipsometry and
are compared to calculations of the optical properties based on the
Maugin–Oseen–DeVries model. For wavelengths near the
lowest allowed optical transition, light with the same handedness
as the cholesteric arrangement (left) is found to be reflected and
transmitted with a probability higher than right circularly polarized
light. The high transmission for left polarized light is interpreted
as an optical manifestation of the Borrmann effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambar Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Di Nuzzo
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1 TN, United Kingdom
| | - E W Meijer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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24
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Zhao Y, Yin L, Liu J, Chen H, Zhang W. Helical screw sense bias in chiral polyfluorene stimulated by solvent. Chirality 2017; 29:107-114. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Lu Yin
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Hailing Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou China
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25
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Cho MJ, Ahn JS, Kim YU, Um HA, Prasad PN, Lee GJ, Choi DH. New fluorene-based chiral copolymers with unusually high optical activity in pristine and annealed thin films. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyfluorene (PF)-based chiral alternating copolymers, i.e., PFPh and PFTh, were successfully synthesized to obtain high circular dichroism (CD) in pristine thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Young-Un Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Um
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
- Department of Chemistry
- State University of New York at Buffalo
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Geon Joon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
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26
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Senthilkumar T, Asha SK. An easy ‘Filter-and-Separate’ method for enantioselective separation and chiral sensing of substrates using a biomimetic homochiral polymer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8931-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01532d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new homochiral polyfluorene appended with l-glutamic acid demonstrated successful heterogeneous enatioselective separation of a wide variety of enantiomers from their aqueous racemic mixtures by selective uptake of l-enantiomer into the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Senthilkumar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - S. K. Asha
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
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27
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Watanabe K, Koyama Y, Suzuki N, Fujiki M, Nakano T. Gigantic chiroptical enhancements in polyfluorene copolymers bearing bulky neomenthyl groups: importance of alternating sequences of chiral and achiral fluorene units. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01442h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Nowacki B, Oh H, Zanlorenzi C, Jee H, Baev A, Prasad PN, Akcelrud L. Design and Synthesis of Polymers for Chiral Photonics. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401731x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nowacki
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Laboratório
de Polímeros Paulo Scarpa (LaPPS), Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19081, Curitiba 81531-990, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Heongsub Oh
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Cristiano Zanlorenzi
- Laboratório
de Polímeros Paulo Scarpa (LaPPS), Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19081, Curitiba 81531-990, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hongsub Jee
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Alexander Baev
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Leni Akcelrud
- Laboratório
de Polímeros Paulo Scarpa (LaPPS), Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19081, Curitiba 81531-990, Paraná, Brazil
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29
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Hirahara T, Yoshizawa-Fujita M, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M. Highly Efficient Circularly Polarized Light Emission in the Green Region from Chiral Polyfluorene–Thiophene Thin Films. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirahara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
| | | | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
| | - Masahiro Rikukawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
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30
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Stevens AL, Kaeser A, Schenning APHJ, Herz LM. Morphology-dependent energy transfer dynamics in fluorene-based amphiphile nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4777-4787. [PMID: 22548325 DOI: 10.1021/nn204942r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are interesting systems to study because of their large range of potential uses in biological imaging and sensing. We investigated molecular nanoparticles formed by fast injection of a small volume of molecularly dissolved fluorene-derivative amphiphilic molecules into a polar solvent, which resulted in solid spherical particles of ∼80 nm diameter with high stability. Energy transfer studies were carried out on two-component nanoparticles that contained mixtures of donor and acceptor amphiphiles of various fractions. We conducted time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on the two-component nanoparticles in order to determine whether the fundamental donor-acceptor interaction parameter (the Förster radius) depends on the acceptor concentration. The Förster radius was found to be large for very low incorporated acceptor fractions (<0.1%), but it declined with increasing concentration. These changes were concomitant with shifts in the acceptor emission and absorption circular dichroism spectra that indicated an increasing clustering of acceptors into domains as their fraction was raised. In addition, for acceptor fractions below 2% the extracted Förster radii were found to be significantly larger than predicted from donor-acceptor spectral overlap calculations, in accordance with efficient excitation diffusion within the donor matrix, aiding the overall transfer to acceptors. We conclude that energy transfer in two-component nanoparticles shows a complex interplay between phase segregation of the constituent donor and acceptor molecules and excitation diffusion within their domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Stevens
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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31
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Maggini L, Bonifazi D. Hierarchised luminescent organic architectures: design, synthesis, self-assembly, self-organisation and functions. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:211-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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32
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Oh HS, Liu S, Jee H, Baev A, Swihart MT, Prasad PN. Chiral Poly(fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) and Nanocomposites with Gold Nanoparticles: Plasmonically and Structurally Enhanced Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17346-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja107064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heong Sub Oh
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sha Liu
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - HongSub Jee
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Alexander Baev
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Mark T. Swihart
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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33
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Gilot J, Abbel R, Lakhwani G, Meijer EW, Schenning APHJ, Meskers SCJ. Polymer photovoltaic cells sensitive to the circular polarization of light. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:E131-E134. [PMID: 20641093 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gilot
- Eindhoven University of Technology, MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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34
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Savoini M, Biagioni P, Lakhwani G, Meskers SCJ, Duò L, Finazzi M. Near-field circular polarization probed by chiral polyfluorene. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:3571-3573. [PMID: 19927214 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a high degree of circular polarization can be delivered to the near field (NF) of an aperture at the apex of hollow-pyramid probes for scanning optical microscopy. This result is achieved by analyzing the dichroic properties of an annealed thin polymer film containing a chiral polyfluorene derivative, placed in close proximity to the optical probe. We also prove that the degree of circular polarization in the probe NF does not depend in a significant way on the shape of the aperture, at variance with the far-field behavior. These results demonstrate the feasibility of nano-optics applications exploiting circularly polarized NFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Savoini
- Dipartimento di Fisica-CNISM, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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35
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Lakhwani G, Gielen J, Kemerink M, Christianen PCM, Janssen RAJ, Meskers SCJ. Intensive Chiroptical Properties of Chiral Polyfluorenes Associated with Fibril Formation. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14047-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903083x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Lakhwani
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and High Field Magnet Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Gielen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and High Field Magnet Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Kemerink
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and High Field Magnet Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C. M. Christianen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and High Field Magnet Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and High Field Magnet Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and High Field Magnet Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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36
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Fukushima T, Kimura H, Tsuchihara K. Color and Chiroptical Control of Poly(phenylacetylene) Films with Chiral Hydroxyl Group. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901804x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Fukushima
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kimura
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchihara
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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37
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Lakhwani G, Janssen RAJ, Meskers SCJ. Anisotropic Dielectric Tensor for Chiral Polyfluorene at Optical Frequencies. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14165-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907297y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Lakhwani
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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38
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Abbel R, van der Weegen R, Pisula W, Surin M, Leclère P, Lazzaroni R, Meijer E, Schenning A. Multicolour Self-Assembled Fluorene Co-Oligomers: From Molecules to the Solid State via White-Light-Emitting Organogels. Chemistry 2009; 15:9737-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Lakhwani G, Janssen RAJ, Meskers SCJ. Large Photoinduced Circular Dichroism in Chiral Polyfluorene. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10891-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9072526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Lakhwani
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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40
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Abbel R, Schenning APHJ, Meijer E. Fluorene-based materials and their supramolecular properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Fukushima T, Tsuchihara K. Control of Induced Chirality in Optically Active Poly(N-propargylcarbamate) Films by Solvent Vapor. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1334-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Joshi S, Pingel P, Grigorian S, Panzner T, Pietsch U, Neher D, Forster M, Scherf U. Bimodal Temperature Behavior of Structure and Mobility in High Molecular Weight P3HT Thin Films. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900021w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Joshi
- Solid State Physics, University of Siegen, Walter Flex Strasse 3, D-57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Patrick Pingel
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Souren Grigorian
- Solid State Physics, University of Siegen, Walter Flex Strasse 3, D-57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Tobias Panzner
- Solid State Physics, University of Siegen, Walter Flex Strasse 3, D-57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Ullrich Pietsch
- Solid State Physics, University of Siegen, Walter Flex Strasse 3, D-57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Lakhwani
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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