1
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Li H, Zou L, Zheng J, Yang T. 12,13-diHOME attenuates high glucose-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells through repressing CPT1A-mediated HMGB1 succinylation. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114031. [PMID: 38616032 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is closely associated with vascular calcification (VC). Exorbitant glucose concentration activates pro-calcific effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This study enrolled 159 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and divided them into three groups, T1, T2 and T3, according to brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(BaPWV). There were statistically significant differences in the waist circumference, waist hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, 12,13-diHOME (a lipokin) concentration among T1, T2 and T3. 12,13-diHOME levels were positively correlated to high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol, but negatively correlated to with waist circumference, waist hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and baPWV. Studies in vitro showed that 12,13-diHOME effectively inhibits calcification in VSMCs under high glucose conditions. Notably, 12,13-diHOME suppressed the up-regulation of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1A) and CPT1A-induced succinylation of HMGB1. The succinylation of HMGB1 at the K90 promoted the protein stability and induced the enrichment of HMGB1 in cytoplasm, which induced the calcification in VSMCs. Together, 12,13-diHOME attenuates high glucose-induced calcification in VSMCs through repressing CPT1A-mediated HMGB1 succinylation.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/metabolism
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/genetics
- HMGB1 Protein/metabolism
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucose/pharmacology
- Male
- Aged
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Female
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Zou
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Wang L, Hu L, Deng J, Hou S, Mou L, Lei P, Chen X, Liu J, Jiang Y, Xiong R, Tian X, Zhang W, Li R, Yang W, Yang L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,4,6- trisubstituted triazine derivatives as new nonpeptide small-molecule SIRT5 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117455. [PMID: 37643500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Human sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) participates in a variety of metabolic disorder-associated diseases, including cancer. Inhibition of SIRT5 has been confirmed to provide a new strategy for treatment of related diseases. Previously, we discovered a pyrimidine skeleton inhibitor XIV, which showed low micromolar inhibitory activity against SIRT5. Herein, we utilized the scaffold-hopping strategy to design and synthesize a series of 2,4,6- trisubstituted triazine derivatives. The SAR analysis led to the discovery of several new SIRT5 inhibitors with low micromolar inhibition levels. The most potent compounds 10 (IC50 = 5.38 µM), and 14 (IC50 = 4.07 µM) were further confirmed to be the substrate-competitive SIRT5 inhibitors through enzyme kinetic assays, which is consistent with the molecular docking analyses. Fluorescence-based thermal shift assays proved that these compounds may stabilize SIRT5 by binding withprotein.. In addition, compounds 10 and 14 were also revealed to have moderate selectivity to SIRT5 over SIRT1-3. This study will aid further efforts to develop highly potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Lei Hu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Jianlin Deng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Suyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luohe Mou
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Pengcheng Lei
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Xiangqin Tian
- Fuan Group Chongqing Kingsday Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan 610039, China.
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3
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Mou L, Yang L, Hou S, Wang B, Wang X, Hu L, Deng J, Liu J, Chen X, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Lei P, Wang L, Li R, Fu P, Li GB, Ma L, Yang L. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives Leading to the Identification of a Novel and Potent Sirtuin 5 Inhibitor against Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11517-11535. [PMID: 37556731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical problem without effective drugs. Inhibition of sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) has been confirmed to protect against AKI, suggesting that SIRT5 inhibitors might be a promising therapeutic approach for AKI. Herein, structural optimization was performed on our previous compound 1 (IC50 = 3.0 μM), and a series of 2,4,5-trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis led to the discovery of three nanomolar level SIRT5 inhibitors, of which the most potent compound 58 (IC50 = 310 nM) was demonstrated to be a substrate-competitive and selective inhibitor. Importantly, 58 significantly alleviated kidney dysfunction and pathological injury in both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and cecal ligation/perforation (CLP)-induced septic AKI mice. Further studies revealed that 58 regulated protein succinylation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the kidneys of septic AKI mice. Collectively, these results highlighted that targeting SIRT5 has a therapeutic potential against septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luohe Mou
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Hu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jianlin Deng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Pengcheng Lei
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Lijiao Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
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4
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Deng J, Liu ZM, Zhu KR, Cui GL, Liu LX, Yan YH, Ning XL, Yu ZJ, Li GB, Qi QR. New ε-N-thioglutaryl-lysine derivatives as SIRT5 inhibitors: Chemical synthesis, kinetic and crystallographic studies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106487. [PMID: 36996510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
SIRT5 has been implicated in various physiological processes and human diseases, including cancer. Development of new highly potent, selective SIRT5 inhibitors is still needed to investigate disease-related mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. We here report new ε-N-thioglutaryllysine derivatives, which were designed according to SIRT5-catalysed deacylation reactions. These ε-N-thioglutaryllysine derivatives displayed potent SIRT5 inhibition, of which the potential photo-crosslinking derivative 8 manifested most potent inhibition with an IC50 value of 120 nM to SIRT5, and low inhibition to SIRT1-3 and SIRT6. The enzyme kinetic assays revealed that the ε-N-thioglutaryllysine derivatives inhibit SIRT5 by lysine-substrate competitive manner. Co-crystallographic analyses demonstrated that 8 binds to occupy the lysine-substate binding site by making hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions with SIRT5-specific residues, and is likely positioned to react with NAD+ and form stable thio-intermediates. Compound 8 was observed to have low photo-crosslinking probability to SIRT5, possibly due to inappropriate position of the diazirine group as observed in SIRT5:8 crystal structure. This study provides useful information for developing drug-like inhibitors and cross-linking chemical probes for SIRT5-related studies.
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5
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Fabbrizi E, Fiorentino F, Carafa V, Altucci L, Mai A, Rotili D. Emerging Roles of SIRT5 in Metabolism, Cancer, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060852. [PMID: 36980194 PMCID: PMC10047932 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a predominantly mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the removal of glutaryl, succinyl, malonyl, and acetyl groups from lysine residues through a NAD+-dependent deacylase mechanism. SIRT5 is an important regulator of cellular homeostasis and modulates the activity of proteins involved in different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain, generation of ketone bodies, nitrogenous waste management, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. SIRT5 controls a wide range of aspects of myocardial energy metabolism and plays critical roles in heart physiology and stress responses. Moreover, SIRT5 has a protective function in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, while it acts as a context-dependent tumor promoter or suppressor. In addition, current research has demonstrated that SIRT5 is implicated in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, although opposing conclusions have been drawn in different studies. Here, we review the current knowledge on SIRT5 molecular actions under both healthy and diseased settings, as well as its functional effects on metabolic targets. Finally, we revise the potential of SIRT5 as a therapeutic target and provide an overview of the currently reported SIRT5 modulators, which include both activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Fabbrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- IEOS—Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0649913392 (A.M.); +39-0649913237 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0649693268 (A.M.)
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0649913392 (A.M.); +39-0649913237 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0649693268 (A.M.)
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6
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Yao J, Yin Y, Han H, Chen S, Zheng Y, Liang B, Wu M, Shu K, Debnath B, Lombard DB, Wang Q, Cheng K, Neamati N, Liu Y. Pyrazolone derivatives as potent and selective small-molecule SIRT5 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115024. [PMID: 36543033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sirtiun 5 (SIRT5) is a NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase. It is emerging as a promising target for the development of drugs to treat cancer and metabolism-related diseases. In this study, we screened 5000 compounds and identified a hit compound 14 bearing a pyrazolone functional group as a novel SIRT5-selective inhibitor. Structure-based optimization of 14 resulted in compound 47 with an IC50 value of 0.21 ± 0.02 μM and a 100-fold improved potency. Compound 47 showed substantial selectivity for SIRT5 over SIRT1-3 and SIRT6. Biochemical studies suggest that 47 does not occupy the NAD + -binding pocket and acts as a substrate-competitive inhibitor. The identified potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitors allow further studies as research tools and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yudong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Hong Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, 671000, PR China
| | - Shaoting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Benji Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Mengyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Kangqi Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Bikash Debnath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Quande Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Keguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| | - Yanghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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7
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Fiorentino F, Castiello C, Mai A, Rotili D. Therapeutic Potential and Activity Modulation of the Protein Lysine Deacylase Sirtuin 5. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9580-9606. [PMID: 35802779 PMCID: PMC9340778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sirtiun 5 (SIRT5) is a NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase primarily located in mitochondria. SIRT5 displays an affinity for negatively charged acyl groups and mainly catalyzes lysine deglutarylation, desuccinylation, and demalonylation while possessing weak deacetylase activity. SIRT5 substrates play crucial roles in metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and SIRT5 activity is protective in neuronal and cardiac physiology. Moreover, SIRT5 exhibits a dichotomous role in cancer, acting as context-dependent tumor promoter or suppressor. Given its multifaceted activity, SIRT5 is a promising target in the design of activators or inhibitors that might act as therapeutics in many pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegeneration. To date, few cellular-active peptide-based SIRT5 inhibitors (SIRT5i) have been described, and potent and selective small-molecule SIRT5i have yet to be discovered. In this perspective, we provide an outline of SIRT5's roles in different biological settings and describe SIRT5 modulators in terms of their mode of action, pharmacological activity, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Carola Castiello
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- Pasteur
Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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8
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Mori M, Cazzaniga G, Meneghetti F, Villa S, Gelain A. Insights on the Modulation of SIRT5 Activity: A Challenging Balance. Molecules 2022; 27:4449. [PMID: 35889322 PMCID: PMC9316768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT5 is a member of the Sirtuin family, a class of deacetylating enzymes consisting of seven isoforms, involved in the regulation of several processes, including gene expression, metabolism, stress response, and aging. Considering that the anomalous activity of SIRT5 is linked to many pathological conditions, we present herein an overview of the most interesting modulators, with the aim of contributing to further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefania Villa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.G.)
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9
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Development of hetero-triaryls as a new chemotype for subtype-selective and potent Sirt5 inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114594. [PMID: 35853430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to other sirtuins (NAD+-dependent class III lysine deacylases), inhibition of Sirt5 is poorly investigated, yet. Our present work is based on the recently identified Sirt5 inhibitor balsalazide, an approved drug with negligible bioavailability after oral administration. After gaining first insights into its structure-activity relationship in previous work, we were able to now develop heteroaryl-triaryls as a novel chemotype of drug-like, potent and subtype-selective Sirt5 inhibitors. The unfavourable azo group of the lead structure was modified in a systematic and comprehensive manner, leading us to a few open-chained and, most importantly, five-membered heteroaromatic substitutes (isoxazole CG_209, triazole CG_220, pyrazole CG_232) with very encouraging in vitro activities (IC50 on Sirt5 in the low micromolar range, <10 μM). These advanced inhibitors were free of cytotoxicity and showed favourable pharmacokinetic properties, as confirmed by permeability into mitochondria using live cell imaging experiments. Furthermore, results from calculations of the relative free binding affinities of the analogues compared to balsalazide as reference compound agreed well with the trends for inhibitory activities obtained in the in vitro experiments. Therefore, this method can be used to predict the affinity of closely related future potential Sirt5 inhibitors. Encouraged by our findings, we employed chemoproteomic selectivity profiling to confirm Sirt5 as main target of balsalazide and one of its improved analogues. An immobilised balsalazide-analogue specifically pulled down Sirt5 from whole cell lysates and competition experiments identified glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) and nucleotide diphosphate kinase (NME4) as potential off-targets, once again confirming the selectivity of the novel balsalazide-derived Sirt5 inhibitors. In summary, a combination of targeted chemical synthesis, biological work, and computational studies led to a new generation of tailored Sirt5 inhibitors, which represent valuable chemical tools for the investigation of the physiological role of Sirt5, but could also serve as advanced lead structures for drug candidates for systemic use.
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10
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Liu Y, Debnath B, Kumar S, Lombard DB, Neamati N. Identification of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives as selective SIRT5 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Overview of SIRT5 as a potential therapeutic target: Structure, function and inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Djokovic N, Ruzic D, Rahnasto-Rilla M, Srdic-Rajic T, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Nikolic K. Expanding the Accessible Chemical Space of SIRT2 Inhibitors through Exploration of Binding Pocket Dynamics. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:2571-2585. [PMID: 35467856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Considerations of binding pocket dynamics are one of the crucial aspects of the rational design of binders. Identification of alternative conformational states or cryptic subpockets could lead to the discovery of completely novel groups of the ligands. However, experimental characterization of pocket dynamics, besides being expensive, may not be able to elucidate all of the conformational states relevant for drug discovery projects. In this study, we propose the protocol for computational simulations of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) binding pocket dynamics and its integration into the structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) pipeline. Initially, unbiased molecular dynamics simulations of SIRT2:inhibitor complexes were performed using optimized force field parameters of SIRT2 inhibitors. Time-lagged independent component analysis (tICA) was used to design pocket-related collective variables (CVs) for enhanced sampling of SIRT2 pocket dynamics. Metadynamics simulations in the tICA eigenvector space revealed alternative conformational states of the SIRT2 binding pocket and the existence of a cryptic subpocket. Newly identified SIRT2 conformational states outperformed experimentally resolved states in retrospective SBVS validation. After performing prospective SBVS, compounds from the under-represented portions of the SIRT2 inhibitor chemical space were selected for in vitro evaluation. Two compounds, NDJ18 and NDJ85, were identified as potent and selective SIRT2 inhibitors, which validated the in silico protocol and opened up the possibility for generalization and broadening of its application. The anticancer effects of the most potent compound NDJ18 were examined on the triple-negative breast cancer cell line. Results indicated that NDJ18 represents a promising structure suitable for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Djokovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Ruzic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Minna Rahnasto-Rilla
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tatjana Srdic-Rajic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Yang F, Su H, Deng J, Mou L, Wang H, Li R, Dai QQ, Yan YH, Qian S, Wang Z, Li GB, Yang L. Discovery of new human Sirtuin 5 inhibitors by mimicking glutaryl-lysine substrates. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113803. [PMID: 34461505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) plays pivotal roles in metabolic pathways and other biological processes, and is involved in several human diseases including cancer. Development of new potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitors is currently desirable to provide potential therapeutics for related diseases. Herein, we report a series of new 3-thioureidopropanoic acid derivatives, which were designed to mimic the binding features of SIRT5 glutaryl-lysine substrates. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed several compounds with low micromolar inhibitory activities to SIRT5. Computational and biochemical studies indicated that these compounds exhibited competitive SIRT5 inhibition with respect to the glutaryl-lysine substrate rather than nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor. Moreover, they showed high selectivity for SIRT5 over SIRT1-3 and 6 and could stabilize SIRT5 proteins as revealed by thermal shift analyses. This work provides an effective substrate-mimicking strategy for future inhibitor design, and offers new inhibitors to investigate their therapeutic potentials in SIRT5-associated disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Huilin Su
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Ji Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Luohe Mou
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Qing-Qing Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu-Hang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shan Qian
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- College of Science, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, China.
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14
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Zorro Shahidian L, Haas M, Le Gras S, Nitsch S, Mourão A, Geerlof A, Margueron R, Michaelis J, Daujat S, Schneider R. Succinylation of H3K122 destabilizes nucleosomes and enhances transcription. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51009. [PMID: 33512761 PMCID: PMC7926236 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key players in chromatin regulation. The identification of novel histone acylations raises important questions regarding their role in transcription. In this study, we characterize the role of an acylation on the lateral surface of the histone octamer, H3K122 succinylation (H3K122succ), in chromatin function and transcription. Using chromatin succinylated at H3K122 in in vitro transcription assays, we show that the presence of H3K122succ is sufficient to stimulate transcription. In line with this, we found in our ChIP assays H3K122succ enriched on promoters of active genes and H3K122succ enrichment scaling with gene expression levels. Furthermore, we show that the co-activators p300/CBP can succinylate H3K122 and identify sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) as a new desuccinylase. By applying single molecule FRET assays, we demonstrate a direct effect of H3K122succ on nucleosome stability, indicating an important role for histone succinylation in modulating chromatin dynamics. Together, these data provide the first insights into the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation by H3K122succ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie Le Gras
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U1258Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
- Plateforme GenomEastInfrastructure France GénomiqueCedexFrance
| | - Sandra Nitsch
- Institute of Functional EpigeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - André Mourão
- Protein Expression and Purification FacilityHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification FacilityHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | | | | | - Sylvain Daujat
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U1258Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
- Present address:
Biotechnology and Cell SignalingCNRS UMR7242University of StrasbourgCedexFrance
| | - Robert Schneider
- Institute of Functional EpigeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Faculty of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians Universität MünchenPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
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15
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Abril YLN, Fernandez IR, Hong JY, Chiang YL, Kutateladze DA, Zhao Q, Yang M, Hu J, Sadhukhan S, Li B, He B, Remick B, Bai JJ, Mullmann J, Wang F, Maymi V, Dhawan R, Auwerx J, Southard T, Cerione RA, Lin H, Weiss RS. Pharmacological and genetic perturbation establish SIRT5 as a promising target in breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:1644-1658. [PMID: 33479498 PMCID: PMC7935767 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIRT5 is a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases implicated in a variety of physiological processes. SIRT5 removes negatively charged malonyl, succinyl, and glutaryl groups from lysine residues and thereby regulates multiple enzymes involved in cellular metabolism and other biological processes. SIRT5 is overexpressed in human breast cancers and other malignancies, but little is known about the therapeutic potential of SIRT5 inhibition for treating cancer. Here we report that genetic SIRT5 disruption in breast cancer cell lines and mouse models caused increased succinylation of IDH2 and other metabolic enzymes, increased oxidative stress, and impaired transformation and tumorigenesis. We therefore developed potent, selective, and cell permeable small molecule SIRT5 inhibitors. SIRT5 inhibition suppressed the transformed properties of cultured breast cancer cells and significantly reduced mammary tumor growth in vivo, in both genetically engineered and xenotransplant mouse models. Considering that Sirt5 knockout mice are generally normal, with only mild phenotypes observed, these data establish SIRT5 as a promising target for treating breast cancer. The new SIRT5 inhibitors provide useful probes for future investigations of SIRT5 and an avenue for targeting SIRT5 as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma R Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ying-Ling Chiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dennis A Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Bin He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Brenna Remick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jessica Jingyi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - James Mullmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Viviana Maymi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ravi Dhawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Robert S Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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16
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Prasher P, Sharma M, Singh SP, Rawat DS. Barbiturate derivatives for managing multifaceted oncogenic pathways: A mini review. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:364-373. [PMID: 33210368 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development and progression of metastasis comprises synchronized erroneous expressions of several composite pathways, which are difficult to manage simultaneously with the representative anticancer molecules. The emergence of the drug resistance and the complex interplay between these pathways further potentiates cancer related complexities. Barbiturates and their derivatives present a commendable anticancer profile by attenuating the cancer manifesting metabolic and enzymatic pathways including, but not limited to matrix metalloproteinases, xanthine oxidase, amino peptidases, histone deacetylases, and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase. The derivatization and conjugation of barbiturates with pharmacophores delivers a suitable hybrid profile in containing the anomalous expression of these pathways. The present report presents a succinct collation of the barbiturates and their derivatives in managing the various cancer causing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Samarth P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Devendra S Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
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17
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Identification of the subtype-selective Sirt5 inhibitor balsalazide through systematic SAR analysis and rationalization via theoretical investigations. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112676. [PMID: 32858418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here an extensive structure-activity relationship study of balsalazide, which was previously identified in a high-throughput screening as an inhibitor of Sirt5. To get a closer understanding why this compound is able to inhibit Sirt5, we initially performed docking experiments comparing the binding mode of a succinylated peptide as the natural substrate and balsalazide with Sirt5 in the presence of NAD+. Based on the evidence gathered here, we designed and synthesized 13 analogues of balsalazide, in which single functional groups were either deleted or slightly altered to investigate which of them are mandatory for high inhibitory activity. Our study confirms that balsalazide with all its given functional groups is an inhibitor of Sirt5 in the low micromolar concentration range and structural modifications presented in this study did not increase potency. While changes on the N-aroyl-β-alanine side chain eliminated potency, the introduction of a truncated salicylic acid part minimally altered potency. Calculations of the associated reaction paths showed that the inhibition potency is very likely dominated by the stability of the inhibitor-enzyme complex and not the type of inhibition (covalent vs. non-covalent). Further in-vitro characterization in a trypsin coupled assay determined that the tested inhibitors showed no competition towards NAD+ or the synthetic substrate analogue ZKsA. In addition, investigations for subtype selectivity revealed that balsalazide is a subtype-selective Sirt5 inhibitor, and our initial SAR and docking studies pave the way for further optimization.
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18
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Yuan T, Keijer J, Guo AH, Lombard DB, de Boer VCJ. An optimized desuccinylase activity assay reveals a difference in desuccinylation activity between proliferative and differentiated cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17030. [PMID: 33046741 PMCID: PMC7552388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinylation is a novel post-translational modification identified on many proteins and is involved in multiple biological processes. Succinylation levels are dynamically regulated, balanced by succinylation and desuccinylation processes, and are closely connected to metabolic state in vivo. Sirtuins have been shown to possess NAD+-dependent desuccinylation activity in vitro and in vivo, among which the desuccinylation activity of SIRT5 is most extensively studied. Our understanding of the response of succinylation levels to different metabolic conditions, is hampered by the lack of a fast NAD+-dependent desuccinylation assay in a physiological context. In the present study, we therefore optimized and validated a fluorescence-based assay for measuring NAD+-dependent desuccinylation activity in cell lysates. Our results demonstrated that shorter and stricter reaction time was critical to approach the initial rate of NAD+-dependent desuccinylation activity in crude cell lysate systems, as compared to the desuccinylation reaction of purified His-SIRT5. Analysis of desuccinylation activity in SIRT5 knockout HEK293T cells confirmed the relevance of SIRT5 in cellular desuccinylation activity, as well as the presence of other NAD+-dependent desuccinylase activities. In addition, we were able to analyse desuccinylation and deacetylation activity in multiple cell lines using this assay. We showed a remarkably higher desuccinylase activity, but not deacetylase activity, in proliferative cultured muscle and adipose cells in comparison with their differentiated counterparts. Our results reveal an alteration in NAD+-dependent desuccinylation activity under different metabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taolin Yuan
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
| | - Angela H Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands.
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19
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Zhang J, Ren D, Fedorova J, He Z, Li J. SIRT1/SIRT3 Modulates Redox Homeostasis during Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Aging Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090858. [PMID: 32933202 PMCID: PMC7556005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the central cause of global death in cardiovascular diseases, which is characterized by disorders such as angina, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, finally causing severe debilitating diseases and death. The increased rates of morbidity and mortality caused by I/R are parallel with aging. Aging-associated cardiac physiological structural and functional deterioration were found to contribute to abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during I/R stress. Disturbed redox homeostasis could further trigger the related signaling pathways that lead to cardiac irreversible damages with mitochondria dysfunction and cell death. It is notable that sirtuin proteins are impaired in aged hearts and are critical to maintaining redox homeostasis via regulating substrate metabolism and inflammation and thus preserving cardiac function under stress. This review discussed the cellular and functional alterations upon I/R especially in aging hearts. We propose that mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to I/R injury in aged hearts. Then, we highlight the cardiomyocyte protection of the age-related proteins Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT3) in response to I/R injury, and we discuss their modulation of cardiac metabolism and the inflammatory reaction that is involved in ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Julia Fedorova
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhibin He
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-4917
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20
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Identification of Inhibitors to Trypanosoma cruzi Sirtuins Based on Compounds Developed to Human Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103659. [PMID: 32455951 PMCID: PMC7279216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is an illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affecting more than 7 million people in the world. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the only drugs available for treatment and in addition to causing several side effects, are only satisfactory in the acute phase of the disease. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases involved in several biological processes, which have become drug target candidates in various disease settings. T. cruzi presents two sirtuins, one cytosolic (TcSir2rp1) and the latter mitochondrial (TcSir2rp3). Here, we characterized the effects of human sirtuin inhibitors against T. cruzi sirtuins as an initial approach to develop specific parasite inhibitors. We found that, of 33 compounds tested, two inhibited TcSir2rp1 (15 and 17), while other five inhibited TcSir2rp3 (8, 12, 13, 30, and 32), indicating that specific inhibitors can be devised for each one of the enzymes. Furthermore, all inhibiting compounds prevented parasite proliferation in cultured mammalian cells. When combining the most effective inhibitors with benznidazole at least two compounds, 17 and 32, demonstrated synergistic effects. Altogether, these results support the importance of exploring T. cruzi sirtuins as drug targets and provide key elements to develop specific inhibitors for these enzymes as potential targets for Chagas disease treatment.
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21
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Wössner N, Alhalabi Z, González J, Swyter S, Gan J, Schmidtkunz K, Zhang L, Vaquero A, Ovaa H, Einsle O, Sippl W, Jung M. Sirtuin 1 Inhibiting Thiocyanates (S1th)-A New Class of Isotype Selective Inhibitors of NAD + Dependent Lysine Deacetylases. Front Oncol 2020; 10:657. [PMID: 32426286 PMCID: PMC7203344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is a NAD+ dependent lysine deacetylase associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. In many cancer types Sirt1 expression is increased and higher levels have been associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. However, it was also shown, that Sirt1 can have tumor suppressing properties and in some instances even a dual role for the same cancer type has been reported. Increased Sirt1 activity has been linked to extension of the life span of cells, respectively, organisms by promoting DNA repair processes and downregulation of tumor suppressor proteins. This may have the downside of enhancing tumor growth and metastasis. In mice embryonic fibroblasts depletion of Sirt1 was shown to decrease levels of the DNA damage sensor histone H2AX. Impairment of DNA repair mechanisms by Sirt1 can promote tumorigenesis but also lower chemoresistance toward DNA targeting therapies. Despite many biological studies, there is currently just one small molecule Sirt1 inhibitor in clinical trials. Selisistat (EX-527) reached phase III clinical trials for treatment of Huntington's Disease. New small molecule Sirt1 modulators are crucial for further investigation of the contradicting roles of Sirt1 in cancer. We tested a small library of commercially available compounds that were proposed by virtual screening and docking studies against Sirt1, 2 and 3. A thienopyrimidone featuring a phenyl thiocyanate moiety was found to selectively inhibit Sirt1 with an IC50 of 13 μM. Structural analogs lacking the thiocyanate function did not show inhibition of Sirt1 revealing this group as key for the selectivity and affinity toward Sirt1. Further analogs with higher solubility were identified through iterative docking studies and in vitro testing. The most active compounds (down to 5 μM IC50) were further studied in cells. The ratio of phosphorylated γH2AX to unmodified H2AX is lower when Sirt1 is depleted or inhibited. Our new Sirtuin 1 inhibiting thiocyanates (S1th) lead to similarly lowered γH2AX/H2AX ratios in mouse embryonic fibroblasts as Sirt1 knockout and treatment with the reference inhibitor EX-527. In addition to that we were able to show antiproliferative activity, inhibition of migration and colony forming as well as hyperacetylation of Sirt1 targets p53 and H3 by the S1th in cervical cancer cells (HeLa). These results reveal thiocyanates as a promising new class of selective Sirt1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wössner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Zayan Alhalabi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jessica González
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sören Swyter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jin Gan
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Protein Crystallography, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Department of Protein Crystallography, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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22
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Chiba S, Ohue M, Gryniukova A, Borysko P, Zozulya S, Yasuo N, Yoshino R, Ikeda K, Shin WH, Kihara D, Iwadate M, Umeyama H, Ichikawa T, Teramoto R, Hsin KY, Gupta V, Kitano H, Sakamoto M, Higuchi A, Miura N, Yura K, Mochizuki M, Ramakrishnan C, Thangakani AM, Velmurugan D, Gromiha MM, Nakane I, Uchida N, Hakariya H, Tan M, Nakamura HK, Suzuki SD, Ito T, Kawatani M, Kudoh K, Takashina S, Yamamoto KZ, Moriwaki Y, Oda K, Kobayashi D, Okuno T, Minami S, Chikenji G, Prathipati P, Nagao C, Mohsen A, Ito M, Mizuguchi K, Honma T, Ishida T, Hirokawa T, Akiyama Y, Sekijima M. A prospective compound screening contest identified broader inhibitors for Sirtuin 1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19585. [PMID: 31863054 PMCID: PMC6925144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential inhibitors of a target biomolecule, NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1, were identified by a contest-based approach, in which participants were asked to propose a prioritized list of 400 compounds from a designated compound library containing 2.5 million compounds using in silico methods and scoring. Our aim was to identify target enzyme inhibitors and to benchmark computer-aided drug discovery methods under the same experimental conditions. Collecting compound lists derived from various methods is advantageous for aggregating compounds with structurally diversified properties compared with the use of a single method. The inhibitory action on Sirtuin 1 of approximately half of the proposed compounds was experimentally accessed. Ultimately, seven structurally diverse compounds were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Chiba
- Education Academy of Computational Life Sciences (ACLS), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-23-4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,RIKEN Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masahito Ohue
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-23-4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | | | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta/Enamine Ltd., 78 Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Zozulya
- Bienta/Enamine Ltd., 78 Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Nobuaki Yasuo
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science DC1, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Yoshino
- Education Academy of Computational Life Sciences (ACLS), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-23-4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Woong-Hee Shin
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Daisuke Kihara
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Mitsuo Iwadate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hideaki Umeyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ichikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Reiji Teramoto
- Discovery technology research department, Research division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., 200, Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-8530, Japan
| | - Kun-Yi Hsin
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Vipul Gupta
- The Systems Biology Research Institute, Falcon Building 5F, 5-6-9 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.,The Systems Biology Research Institute, Falcon Building 5F, 5-6-9 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan.,Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mika Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Akiko Higuchi
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kei Yura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.,Center for Simulation Science and Informational Biology, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.,School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mochizuki
- Education Academy of Computational Life Sciences (ACLS), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,IMSBIO Co., Ltd., Level 6 OWL TOWER, 4-21-1 Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-0013, Japan
| | - Chandrasekaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Mary Thangakani
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - D Velmurugan
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics and Bioinformatics Facility, University of Madras, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-23-4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Itsuo Nakane
- Okazaki City Hall, 2-9 Juo-cho Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8601, Japan
| | - Nanako Uchida
- IQVIA Services Japan K.K., 4-10-18 Takanawa Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - Hayase Hakariya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Training Program of Leaders for Integrated Medical System (LIMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Modong Tan
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hironori K Nakamura
- Biomodeling Research Co., Ltd., 1-704-2 Uedanishi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-0058, Japan
| | - Shogo D Suzuki
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawatani
- Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kentaroh Kudoh
- Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Sakurako Takashina
- Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuki Z Yamamoto
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11- 16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Moriwaki
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keita Oda
- Google Japan Inc., 6-10-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6126, Japan.,Otemachi Bldg. 3F, 1-6-1, Preferred Networks, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okuno
- Tosei General Hospital, 160 Nishioiwake-cho, Seto, Aichi, 489-8642, Japan
| | - Shintaro Minami
- Department of Complex Systems Science, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - George Chikenji
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Philip Prathipati
- National Institutes for Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Chioko Nagao
- National Institutes for Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Attayeb Mohsen
- National Institutes for Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Mari Ito
- National Institutes for Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- National Institutes for Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Teruki Honma
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-23-4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamic Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Education Academy of Computational Life Sciences (ACLS), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-23-4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.,Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Initiative for Parallel Bioinformatics, Level 14 Hibiya Central Building, 1-2-9 Nishi-Shimbashi Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-0003, Japan
| | - Yutaka Akiyama
- Education Academy of Computational Life Sciences (ACLS), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-23-4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.,Initiative for Parallel Bioinformatics, Level 14 Hibiya Central Building, 1-2-9 Nishi-Shimbashi Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-0003, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sekijima
- Education Academy of Computational Life Sciences (ACLS), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan. .,Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan. .,Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-23-4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan. .,Initiative for Parallel Bioinformatics, Level 14 Hibiya Central Building, 1-2-9 Nishi-Shimbashi Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-0003, Japan.
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23
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Yan D, Franzini A, Pomicter AD, Halverson BJ, Antelope O, Mason CC, Ahmann JM, Senina AV, Vellore NA, Jones CL, Zabriskie MS, Than H, Xiao MJ, van Scoyk A, Patel AB, Clair PM, Heaton WL, Owen SC, Andersen JL, Egbert CM, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Cox JE, Gantz KC, Redwine HM, Iyer SM, Khorashad JS, Rajabi N, Olsen CA, O'Hare T, Deininger MW. SIRT5 IS A DRUGGABLE METABOLIC VULNERABILITY IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. Blood Cancer Discov 2019; 2:266-287. [PMID: 34027418 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered that the survival and growth of many primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and cell lines, but not normal CD34+ cells, are dependent on SIRT5, a lysine deacylase implicated in regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Dependence on SIRT5 is genotype-agnostic and extends to RAS- and p53-mutated AML. Results were comparable between SIRT5 knockdown and SIRT5 inhibition using NRD167, a potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitor. Apoptosis induced by SIRT5 disruption is preceded by reductions in oxidative phosphorylation and glutamine utilization, and an increase in mitochondrial superoxide that is attenuated by ectopic superoxide dismutase 2. These data indicate that SIRT5 controls and coordinates several key metabolic pathways in AML and implicate SIRT5 as a vulnerability in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anca Franzini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Orlando Antelope
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Clinton C Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jonathan M Ahmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna V Senina
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nadeem A Vellore
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Courtney L Jones
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Hein Than
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Michael J Xiao
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Ami B Patel
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Phillip M Clair
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L Heaton
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shawn C Owen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Christina M Egbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin C Gantz
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hannah M Redwine
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Siddharth M Iyer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nima Rajabi
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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24
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Yang Y, Gibson GE. Succinylation Links Metabolism to Protein Functions. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2346-2359. [PMID: 30903449 PMCID: PMC6755074 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important regulators of protein function, and integrate metabolism with physiological and pathological processes. Phosphorylation and acetylation are particularly well studied PTMs. A relatively recently discovered novel PTM is succinylation in which metabolically derived succinyl CoA modifies protein lysine groups. Succinylation causes a protein charge flip from positive to negative and a relatively large increase in mass compared to other PTMs. Hundreds of protein succinylation sites are present in proteins of multiple tissues and species, and the significance is being actively investigated. The few completed studies demonstrate that succinylation alters rates of enzymes and pathways, especially mitochondrial metabolic pathways. Thus, succinylation provides an elegant and efficient mechanism to coordinate metabolism and signaling by utilizing metabolic intermediates as sensors to regulate metabolism. Even though the brain is one of the most metabolically active organs, an understanding of the role succinylation in the nervous system is largely unknown. Data from other tissues and other PTMs suggest that succinylation provides a coupling between metabolism and protein function in the nervous system and in neurological diseases. This review provides a new insight into metabolism in neurological diseases and suggests that the drug development for these diseases requires a better understanding of succinylation and de-succinylation in the brain and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA.
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25
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An overview of Sirtuins as potential therapeutic target: Structure, function and modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:48-77. [PMID: 30342425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin (Yeast Silent Information RegulatorsⅡ, Sir2) was first discovered in the 1970s. Because of its function by removing acetylated groups from histones in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), waves of research have assessed the potential of Sirtuin as a therapeutic target. The Sirtuin family, which is widely distributed throughout the nature, has been divided into seven human isoforms (Sirt1-Sirt7). They are thought to be closely related to some aging diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurodegeneration, and tumors. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the structure, function and modulators of Sirtuins, which is expected to be beneficial to relevant studies.
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26
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Bonomi R, Popov V, Laws MT, Gelovani D, Majhi A, Shavrin A, Lu X, Muzik O, Turkman N, Liu R, Mangner T, Gelovani JG. Molecular Imaging of Sirtuin1 Expression-Activity in Rat Brain Using Positron-Emission Tomography-Magnetic-Resonance Imaging with [ 18F]-2-Fluorobenzoylaminohexanoicanilide. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7116-7130. [PMID: 30052441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase that plays significant roles in the regulation of lifespan, metabolism, memory, and circadian rhythms and in the mechanisms of many diseases. However, methods of monitoring the pharmacodynamics of SIRT1-targeted drugs are limited to blood sampling because of the invasive nature of biopsies. For the noninvasive monitoring of the spatial and temporal dynamics of SIRT1 expression-activity in vivo by PET-CT-MRI, we developed a novel substrate-type radiotracer, [18F]-2-fluorobenzoylaminohexanoicanilide (2-[18F]BzAHA). PET-CT-MRI studies in rats demonstrated increased accumulation of 2-[18F]BzAHA-derived radioactivity in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and locus coeruleus, consistent with autoradiographic and immunofluorescent (IMF) analyses of brain-tissue sections. Pretreatment with the SIRT1 specific inhibitor, EX-527 (5 mg/kg, ip), resulted in about a 20% reduction of 2-[18F]BzAHA-derived-radioactivity accumulation in these structures. In vivo imaging of SIRT1 expression-activity should facilitate studies that improve the understanding of SIRT1-mediated regulation in the brain and aid in the development and clinical translation of SIRT1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bonomi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Vadim Popov
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Maxwell T Laws
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - David Gelovani
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Anjoy Majhi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Aleksandr Shavrin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | | | | | - Nashaat Turkman
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Renshyan Liu
- National Taiwan University , Taipei City 10617 , Taiwan
| | | | - Juri G Gelovani
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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27
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Kumar S, Lombard DB. Functions of the sirtuin deacylase SIRT5 in normal physiology and pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:311-334. [PMID: 29637793 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1458071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases/ADP-ribosyltransferases that have emerged as candidate targets for new therapeutics to treat metabolic disorders and other diseases, including cancer. The sirtuin SIRT5 resides primarily in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the removal of negatively charged lysine acyl modifications; succinyl, malonyl, and glutaryl groups. Evidence has now accumulated to document the roles of SIRT5 as a significant regulator of cellular homeostasis, in a context- and cell-type specific manner, as has been observed previously for other sirtuin family members. SIRT5 regulates protein substrates involved in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain, ketone body formation, nitrogenous waste management, and ROS detoxification, among other processes. SIRT5 plays pivotal roles in cardiac physiology and stress responses and is involved in the regulation of numerous aspects of myocardial energy metabolism. SIRT5 is implicated in neoplasia, as both a tumor promoter and suppressor in a context-specific manner, and may serve a protective function in the setting of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of functional impacts of SIRT5 on its metabolic targets, and its molecular functions in both normal and pathological conditions. Finally, we will discuss the potential utility of SIRT5 as a drug target and also summarize the current status, progress, and challenges in developing small molecule compounds to modulate SIRT5 activity with high potency and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- a Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - David B Lombard
- a Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Institute of Gerontology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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28
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Dai H, Sinclair DA, Ellis JL, Steegborn C. Sirtuin activators and inhibitors: Promises, achievements, and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:140-154. [PMID: 29577959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases of the Sirtuin family regulate various physiological functions, from energy metabolism to stress responses. The human Sirtuin isoforms, SIRT1-7, are considered attractive therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. We review the status of Sirtuin-targeted drug discovery and development. Potent and selective pharmacological Sirt1 activators and inhibitors are available, and initial clinical trials have been carried out. Several promising inhibitors and activators have also been described for other isoforms. Progress in understanding the mechanisms of Sirtuin modulation by such compounds provides a rational basis for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dai
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James L Ellis
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Center for Bio-Macromolecules, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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29
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Kalbas D, Liebscher S, Nowak T, Meleshin M, Pannek M, Popp C, Alhalabi Z, Bordusa F, Sippl W, Steegborn C, Schutkowski M. Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Sirtuin 5. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2460-2471. [PMID: 29494161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are protein deacylases that regulate metabolism and stress responses and are implicated in aging-related diseases. Modulators of the human sirtuins Sirt1-7 are sought as chemical tools and potential therapeutics, e.g., for cancer. Selective and potent inhibitors are available for Sirt2, but selective inhibitors for Sirt5 with Ki values in the low nanomolar range are lacking. We synthesized and screened 3-arylthiosuccinylated and 3-benzylthiosuccinylated peptide derivatives yielding Sirt5 inhibitors with low-nanomolar Ki values. A biotinylated derivative with this scaffold represents an affinity probe for human Sirt5 that is able to selectively extract this enzyme out of complex biological samples like cell lysates. Crystal structures of Sirt5/inhibitor complexes reveal that the compounds bind in an unexpected manner to the active site of Sirt5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kalbas
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Sandra Liebscher
- Department of Natural Product Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Theresa Nowak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Marat Meleshin
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Martin Pannek
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Bayreuth , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Corinna Popp
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Zayan Alhalabi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Frank Bordusa
- Department of Natural Product Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Bayreuth , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
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30
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Developing evidence in the literature suggests that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) may be involved in metabolic reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer by which neoplastic cells reconfigure their metabolism to support the anabolic demands of rapid cell division. SIRT5 is one of the seven members of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent sirtuin family of lysine deacetylases. It removes succinyl, malonyl, and glutaryl groups from protein targets within the mitochondrial matrix and other subcellular compartments. SIRT5 substrates include a number of proteins integral to metabolism. Recent Advances: New work has begun to elucidate the roles of SIRT5 in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, nitrogen metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, antioxidant defense, and apoptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES In this study, we summarize biological functions of SIRT5 reported in normal tissues and in cancer and discuss potential mechanisms whereby SIRT5 may impact tumorigenesis, particularly focusing on its reported roles in metabolic reprogramming. Finally, we review current efforts to target SIRT5 pharmacologically. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The biological significance of SIRT5 has been elucidated in the context of only an extremely small fraction of its targets and interactors. There is no doubt that further studies in this area will provide a wealth of insights into functions of SIRT5 and its targets in normal and neoplastic cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 677-690.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela H. Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David B. Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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31
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Pannek M, Simic Z, Fuszard M, Meleshin M, Rotili D, Mai A, Schutkowski M, Steegborn C. Crystal structures of the mitochondrial deacylase Sirtuin 4 reveal isoform-specific acyl recognition and regulation features. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1513. [PMID: 29138502 PMCID: PMC5686155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are evolutionary conserved NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases. The seven human isoforms, Sirt1-7, regulate metabolism and stress responses and are considered therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases. Sirt4 locates to mitochondria and regulates fatty acid metabolism and apoptosis. In contrast to the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 and desuccinylase Sirt5, no prominent deacylase activity and structural information are available for Sirt4. Here we describe acyl substrates and crystal structures for Sirt4. The enzyme shows isoform-specific acyl selectivity, with significant activity against hydroxymethylglutarylation. Crystal structures of Sirt4 from Xenopus tropicalis reveal a particular acyl binding site with an additional access channel, rationalizing its activities. The structures further identify a conserved, isoform-specific Sirt4 loop that folds into the active site to potentially regulate catalysis. Using these results, we further establish efficient Sirt4 activity assays, an unusual Sirt4 regulation by NADH, and Sirt4 effects of pharmacological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pannek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Zeljko Simic
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Matthew Fuszard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marat Meleshin
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Schiedel M, Robaa D, Rumpf T, Sippl W, Jung M. The Current State of NAD + -Dependent Histone Deacetylases (Sirtuins) as Novel Therapeutic Targets. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:147-200. [PMID: 28094444 DOI: 10.1002/med.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent protein deacylases that cleave off acetyl, as well as other acyl groups, from the ε-amino group of lysines in histones and other substrate proteins. Seven sirtuin isotypes (Sirt1-7) have been identified in mammalian cells. As sirtuins are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes such as cell survival, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction, a dysregulation of their enzymatic activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of neoplastic, metabolic, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, sirtuins are promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Growing interest in a modulation of sirtuin activity has prompted the discovery of several small molecules, able to inhibit or activate certain sirtuin isotypes. Herein, we give an update to our previous review on the topic in this journal (Schemies, 2010), focusing on recent developments in sirtuin biology, sirtuin modulators, and their potential as novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tobias Rumpf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Sirtuin 5: a review of structure, known inhibitors and clues for developing new inhibitors. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 60:249-256. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Osborne B, Bentley NL, Montgomery MK, Turner N. The role of mitochondrial sirtuins in health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:164-174. [PMID: 27164052 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production, cell signalling and cell survival. Defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the ageing process and ageing-related disorders such as metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The sirtuin family of deacylase enzymes have a variety of subcellular localisations and have been found to remove a growing list of post-translational acyl modifications from target proteins. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are found primarily located in the mitochondria, and are involved in many of the key processes of this organelle. SIRT3 has been the subject of intense research and is primarily a deacetylase thought to function as a mitochondrial fidelity protein, with roles in mitochondrial substrate metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, and cell survival pathways. Less is known about the functional targets of SIRT4, which has deacetylase, ADP-ribosylase, and a newly-described lipoamidase function, although key roles in lipid and glutamine metabolism have been reported. SIRT5 modulates a host of newly-discovered acyl modifications including succinylation, malonylation, and glutarylation in both mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial compartments, however the functional significance of SIRT5 in the regulation of many of its proposed target proteins remains to be discovered. Because of their influence on a broad range of pathways, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are implicated in a range of disease-states including metabolic disease such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ageing-related disorders such as hearing-loss and cardiac dysfunction. We review the current knowledge on the function of the three mitochondrial sirtuins, their role in disease, and the current outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Bentley
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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A Selective Cyclic Peptidic Human SIRT5 Inhibitor. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091217. [PMID: 27626398 PMCID: PMC6272981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we discovered that a side chain-to-side chain cyclic pentapeptide harboring a central Nε-carboxyethyl-thiocarbamoyl-lysine residue behaved as a strong and selective (versus human SIRT1/2/3/6) inhibitor against human SIRT5-catalyzed deacylation reaction. This compound was also found to be proteolytically much more stable than its linear counterpart. This compound could be a valuable lead for developing stronger, selective, metabolically stable, and cell permeable human SIRT5 inhibitors.
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Gertz M, Steegborn C. Using mitochondrial sirtuins as drug targets: disease implications and available compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2871-96. [PMID: 27007507 PMCID: PMC11108305 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are an evolutionary conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent protein lysine deacylases. Mammals have seven Sirtuin isoforms, Sirt1-7. They contribute to regulation of metabolism, stress responses, and aging processes, and are considered therapeutic targets for metabolic and aging-related diseases. While initial studies were focused on Sirt1 and 2, recent progress on the mitochondrial Sirtuins Sirt3, 4, and 5 has stimulated research and drug development for these isoforms. Here we review the roles of Sirtuins in regulating mitochondrial functions, with a focus on the mitochondrially located isoforms, and on their contributions to disease pathologies. We further summarize the compounds available for modulating the activity of these Sirtuins, again with a focus on mitochondrial isoforms, and we describe recent results important for the further improvement of compounds. This overview illustrates the potential of mitochondrial Sirtuins as drug targets and summarizes the status, progress, and challenges in developing small molecule compounds modulating their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gertz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayer Pharma AG, Apratherweg 18a, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Yang LL, He YY, Chen QL, Qian S, Wang ZY. Design and Synthesis of New 9-Substituted Norharmane Derivatives as Potential Sirt5 Inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Yan-Ying He
- College of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Quan-Long Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
| | | | - Zhou-Yu Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
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38
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Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD-dependent lysine deacylases that play critical roles in cellular regulation and are implicated in human diseases. Modulators of sirtuins are needed as tools for investigating their biological functions and possible therapeutic applications. However, the discovery of sirtuin modulators is hampered by the lack of efficient sirtuin assays. Here we report an improved fluorogenic assay for SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 using a new substrate, a myristoyl peptide with a C-terminal aminocoumarin. The new assay has several advantages, including significantly lower substrate concentration needed, increased signal-to-background ratio, and improved Z'-factor. The novel assay thus will expedite high-throughput screening of SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ling Chiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tel: +1 607-255-4650
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Simon RP, Robaa D, Alhalabi Z, Sippl W, Jung M. KATching-Up on Small Molecule Modulators of Lysine Acetyltransferases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1249-70. [PMID: 26701186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The reversible acetylation of lysines is one of the best characterized epigenetic modifications. Its involvement in many key physiological and pathological processes has been documented in numerous studies. Lysine deacetylases (KDACs) and acetyltransferases (KATs) maintain the acetylation equilibrium at histones but also many other proteins. Besides acetylation, also other acyl groups are reversibly installed at the side chain of lysines in proteins. Because of their involvement in disease, KDACs and KATs were proposed to be promising drug targets, and for KDACs, indeed, five inhibitors are now approved for human use. While there is a similar level of evidence for the potential of KATs as drug targets, no inhibitor is in clinical trials. Here, we review the evidence for the diverse roles of KATs in disease pathology, provide an overview of structural features and the available modulators, including those targeting the bromodomains of KATs, and present an outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P Simon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , Albertstraße 25, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle/Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Zayan Alhalabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle/Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle/Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , Albertstraße 25, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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40
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Guetschow ED, Kumar S, Lombard DB, Kennedy RT. Identification of sirtuin 5 inhibitors by ultrafast microchip electrophoresis using nanoliter volume samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:721-31. [PMID: 26635020 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a member of the sirtuin family of protein deacylases that catalyzes removal of post-translational modifications, such as succinyl and malonyl moieties, on lysine residues. In light of SIRT5's roles in regulating metabolism, and its reported oncogenic functions, SIRT5 modulators would be valuable tools for basic biological research and perhaps clinically. Several fluorescence assays for sirtuin modulators have been developed; however, the use of fluorogenic substrates has the potential to cause false positive results due to interactions of engineered substrates with enzyme or test compounds. Therefore, development of high-throughput screening (HTS) assays based on other methods is valuable. In this study, we report the development of a SIRT5 assay using microchip electrophoresis (MCE) for identification of SIRT5 modulators. A novel SIRT5 substrate based on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was developed to allow rapid and efficient separation of substrate and product peptide. To achieve high throughput, samples were injected onto the microchip using a droplet-based scheme. By coupling this approach to existing HTS sample preparation workflows, 1408 samples were analyzed at 0.5 Hz in 46 min. Using a 250 ms separation time, eight MCE injections could be made from each sample generating >11,000 electropherograms during analysis. Of the 1280 chemicals tested, eight were identified as inhibiting SIRT5 activity by at least 70% and verified by dose-response analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Guetschow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, 300 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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41
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Roessler C, Tüting C, Meleshin M, Steegborn C, Schutkowski M. A Novel Continuous Assay for the Deacylase Sirtuin 5 and Other Deacetylases. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7217-23. [PMID: 26308971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD(+) dependent lysine deacylases involved in many regulatory processes like control of metabolic pathways, DNA repair, and stress response. Modulators of sirtuin activity are needed as tools for uncovering the biological function of these enzymes and as potential therapeutics. Systematic discovery of such modulators is hampered by the lack of efficient and simple continuous activity assays running at low sirtuin concentrations in microtiter plates. Here we describe an improved continuous sirtuin 5 assay based on the coupling of the sirtuin reaction to a proteolytic cleavage using internally fluorescence-quenched substrates. Systematic optimization of a carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 derived, glutarylated peptide yielded a Sirt5 substrate with k(cat)/K(M) value of 337,000 M(-1) s(-1), which represents the best sirtuin substrate described so far. These extraordinary substrate properties allowed reliable determination of Ki values for different inhibitors in the presence of only 10 nM sirtuin in microtiter plate format. Assay conditions could be transferred effectively to other lysine deacetylases, like sirtuin 2 and sirtuin 3, which now enables more efficient development of sirtuin targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Roessler
- Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Tüting
- Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marat Meleshin
- Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth , Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide promotes TNF-induced necroptosis in a sirtuin-dependent manner. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:29-40. [PMID: 26001219 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular necrosis has long been regarded as an incidental and uncontrolled form of cell death. However, a regulated form of cell death termed necroptosis has been identified recently. Necroptosis can be induced by extracellular cytokines, pathogens and several pharmacological compounds, which share the property of triggering the formation of a RIPK3-containing molecular complex supporting cell death. Of interest, most ligands known to induce necroptosis (including notably TNF and FASL) can also promote apoptosis, and the mechanisms regulating the decision of cells to commit to one form of cell death or the other are still poorly defined. We demonstrate herein that intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) has an important role in supporting cell progression to necroptosis. Using a panel of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that intracellular NAD(+) promotes necroptosis of the L929 cell line in response to TNF. Use of a pan-sirtuin inhibitor and shRNA-mediated protein knockdown led us to uncover a role for the NAD(+)-dependent family of sirtuins, and in particular for SIRT2 and SIRT5, in the regulation of the necroptotic cell death program. Thus, and in contrast to a generally held view, intracellular NAD(+) does not represent a universal pro-survival factor, but rather acts as a key metabolite regulating the choice of cell demise in response to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
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Overexpression of cytoplasmic TcSIR2RP1 and mitochondrial TcSIR2RP3 impacts on Trypanosoma cruzi growth and cell invasion. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003725. [PMID: 25875650 PMCID: PMC4398437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan pathogen responsible for Chagas disease. Current therapies are inadequate because of their severe host toxicity and numerous side effects. The identification of new biotargets is essential for the development of more efficient therapeutic alternatives. Inhibition of sirtuins from Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania ssp. showed promising results, indicating that these enzymes may be considered as targets for drug discovery in parasite infection. Here, we report the first characterization of the two sirtuins present in T. cruzi. Methodology Dm28c epimastigotes that inducibly overexpress TcSIR2RP1 and TcSIR2RP3 were constructed and used to determine their localizations and functions. These transfected lines were tested regarding their acetylation levels, proliferation and metacyclogenesis rate, viability when treated with sirtuin inhibitors and in vitro infectivity. Conclusion TcSIR2RP1 and TcSIR2RP3 are cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins respectively. Our data suggest that sirtuin activity is important for the proliferation of T. cruzi replicative forms, for the host cell-parasite interplay, and for differentiation among life-cycle stages; but each one performs different roles in most of these processes. Our results increase the knowledge on the localization and function of these enzymes, and the overexpressing T. cruzi strains we obtained can be useful tools for experimental screening of trypanosomatid sirtuin inhibitors. Sirtuins are a family of deacetylases, evolutionary conserved from bacteria to mammals. They participate in the regulation of a wide range of nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pathways, and are considered pro-life enzymes. In the last years the search for sirtuin inhibitors was a very active field of research, with potential applications in a large number of pathologies, including parasitic diseases. We are interested in the study of the two sirtuins present in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, being our objective to understand their function. First, we determined the localization of these enzymes in the parasite: TcSIR2RP1 is a cytoplasmic enzyme and TcSIR2RP3 localizes in the mitochondrion. When we overexpress cytoplasmic TcSIR2RP1, the transgenic parasites differentiate to metacyclic trypomastigotes and infect mammalian cells more efficiently. In contrast, the overexpression of mitochondrial TcSIR2RP3 does not affect metacyclogenesis but modifies epimastigotes growth and slightly increases the proliferation of the parasite in the intracellular stage. We also used these transgenic lines to test their sensibility to previously described sirtuin inhibitors.
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Abstract
The sirtuins form a superfamily of evolutionarily conserved NAD+-dependent protein N-ϵ-acyl-lysine (AcK) deacylases with roles in a variety of key cellular processes. Sirtuins have a broadly conserved overall structure with a catalytic site formed by a hydrophobic channel between the NAD+-binding Rossmann fold domain and a smaller Zn2+-binding domain. Schistosomes express five members of the sirtuin family and generic sirtuin inhibitors induce apoptosis and death in schistosome larvae, the disruption of adult worm pairs, inhibition of egg laying and damage to the male and female worm reproductive systems. Sirtuins in schistosomes and other parasitic flatworms present structural differences from their human orthologues that should allow the development of selective inhibitors that can be developed as drug leads.
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Selective Sirt2 inhibition by ligand-induced rearrangement of the active site. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6263. [PMID: 25672491 PMCID: PMC4339887 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a highly conserved class of NAD+-dependent lysine deacylases. The human isotype Sirt2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, inflammation and neurodegeneration, which makes the modulation of Sirt2 activity a promising strategy for pharmaceutical intervention. A rational basis for the development of optimized Sirt2 inhibitors is lacking so far. Here we present high-resolution structures of human Sirt2 in complex with highly selective drug-like inhibitors that show a unique inhibitory mechanism. Potency and the unprecedented Sirt2 selectivity are based on a ligand-induced structural rearrangement of the active site unveiling a yet-unexploited binding pocket. Application of the most potent Sirtuin-rearranging ligand, termed SirReal2, leads to tubulin hyperacetylation in HeLa cells and induces destabilization of the checkpoint protein BubR1, consistent with Sirt2 inhibition in vivo. Our structural insights into this unique mechanism of selective sirtuin inhibition provide the basis for further inhibitor development and selective tools for sirtuin biology. The involvement of the sirtuin family of lysine deacylases in disease, metabolism and ageing makes them promising pharmaceutical targets. Rumpf et al. present structures of human Sirt2 in complex with two highly selective drug-like inhibitors, and show that they act by rearranging the enzyme’s active site.
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Roessler C, Nowak T, Pannek M, Gertz M, Nguyen GTT, Scharfe M, Born I, Sippl W, Steegborn C, Schutkowski M. Chemical probing of the human sirtuin 5 active site reveals its substrate acyl specificity and peptide-based inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10728-32. [PMID: 25111069 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases acting as sensors in metabolic pathways and stress response. In mammals there are seven isoforms. The mitochondrial sirtuin 5 is a weak deacetylase but a very efficient demalonylase and desuccinylase; however, its substrate acyl specificity has not been systematically analyzed. Herein, we investigated a carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 derived peptide substrate and modified the lysine side chain systematically to determine the acyl specificity of Sirt5. From that point we designed six potent peptide-based inhibitors that interact with the NAD(+) binding pocket. To characterize the interaction details causing the different substrate and inhibition properties we report several X-ray crystal structures of Sirt5 complexed with these peptides. Our results reveal the Sirt5 acyl selectivity and its molecular basis and enable the design of inhibitors for Sirt5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Roessler
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle/Saale (Germany)
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Roessler C, Nowak T, Pannek M, Gertz M, Nguyen GTT, Scharfe M, Born I, Sippl W, Steegborn C, Schutkowski M. Chemical Probing of the Human Sirtuin 5 Active Site Reveals Its Substrate Acyl Specificity and Peptide-Based Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stolfa DA, Marek M, Lancelot J, Hauser AT, Walter A, Leproult E, Melesina J, Rumpf T, Wurtz JM, Cavarelli J, Sippl W, Pierce RJ, Romier C, Jung M. Molecular basis for the antiparasitic activity of a mercaptoacetamide derivative that inhibits histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) from the human pathogen schistosoma mansoni. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3442-53. [PMID: 24657767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni and related species, is a tropical disease that affects over 200 million people worldwide. A new approach for targeting eukaryotic parasites is to tackle their dynamic epigenetic machinery that is necessary for the extensive phenotypic changes during the life cycle of the parasite. Recently, we identified S. mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8) as a potential target for antiparasitic therapy. Here, we present results on the investigations of a focused set of HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitors on smHDAC8. Besides several active hydroxamates, we identified a thiol-based inhibitor that inhibited smHDAC8 activity in the micromolar range with unexpected selectivity over the human isotype, which has not been observed so far. The crystal structure of smHDAC8 complexed with the thiol derivative revealed that the inhibitor is accommodated in the catalytic pocket, where it interacts with both the catalytic zinc ion and the essential catalytic tyrosine (Y341) residue via its mercaptoacetamide warhead. To our knowledge, this is the first complex crystal structure of any HDAC inhibited by a mercaptoacetamide inhibitor, and therefore, this finding offers a rationale for further improvement. Finally, an ester prodrug of the thiol HDAC inhibitor exhibited antiparasitic activity on cultured schistosomes in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Stolfa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Marek
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Julien Lancelot
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019-CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue Professeur Calmette, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Alexander-Thomas Hauser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Walter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emeline Leproult
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jelena Melesina
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tobias Rumpf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Wurtz
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jean Cavarelli
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Raymond J Pierce
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019-CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue Professeur Calmette, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Romier
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Sacconnay L, Smirlis D, Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL, Soares MBP, Carrupt PA, Nurisso A. Structural insights of SIR2rp3 proteins as promising biotargets to fight against Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 9:2223-30. [PMID: 23799611 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are protozoan pathogens responsible for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, respectively. Current therapies rely only on a very small number of drugs, most of them are inadequate because of their severe host toxicity or drug-resistance phenomena. In order to find therapeutic alternatives, the identification of new biotargets is highly desired. In this study, homology modelling, docking and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to generate robust 3D models of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases from Trypanosoma and Leishmania spp., known as SIR2rp3, whose structures have never been described before. Molecular docking of known inhibitors revealed strong analogies with the mitochondrial human SIRT5 in terms of binding mode and interaction strength. On the other hand, by extending the analysis to the channel rims, regions of difference between host and parasitic targets, useful for future selective drug design projects, were pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Sacconnay
- Pharmacochemistry and Phytochemistry & Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Computational Studies on Sirtuins from Trypanosoma cruzi: Structures, Conformations and Interactions with Phytochemicals. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2689. [PMID: 24551254 PMCID: PMC3923677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The silent-information regulator 2 proteins, otherwise called sirtuins, are currently considered as emerging anti-parasitic targets. Nicotinamide, a pan-sirtuin inhibitor, is known to cause kinetoplast alterations and the arrested growth of T. cruzi, the protozoan responsible for Chagas disease. These observations suggested that sirtuins from this parasite (TcSir2rp1 and TcSir2rp3) could play an important role in the regulation of the parasitic cell cycle. Thus, their inhibition could be exploited for the development of novel anti-trypanosomal compounds. Methods Homology modeling was used to determine the three-dimensional features of the sirtuin TcSir2rp1 from T. cruzi. The apo-form of human SIRT2 and the same structure solved in complex with its co-substrate NAD+ allowed the modeling of TcSir2rp1 in the open and closed conformational states. Molecular docking studies were then carried out. A library composed of fifty natural and diverse compounds that are known to be active against this parasite, was established based on the literature and virtually screened against TcSir2rp1 and TcSir2rp3, which was previously modeled by our group. Results In this study, two conformational states of TcSir2rp1 were described for the first time. The molecular docking results of compounds capable of binding sirtuins proved to be meaningful when the closed conformation of the protein was taken into account for calculations. This specific conformation was then used for the virtual screening of antritrypanosomal phytochemicals against TcSir2rp1 and TcSir2rp3. The calculations identified a limited number of scaffolds extracted from Vismia orientalis, Cussonia zimmermannii, Amomum aculeatum and Anacardium occidentale that potentially interact with both proteins. Conclusions The study provided reliable models for future structure-based drug design projects concerning sirtuins from T. cruzi. Molecular docking studies highlighted not only the advantages of performing in silico interaction studies on their closed conformations but they also suggested the potential mechanism of action of four phytochemicals known for their anti-trypanosomal activity in vitro. T. cruzi is a protozoan pathogen responsible for Chagas disease. Current therapies rely only on a very small number of drugs, most of which are inadequate because of their severe host toxicity or because of their susceptibility to drug-resistance mechanisms. To determine efficient therapeutic alternatives, the identification of new biotargets and detailed knowledge of their structures are essential. Sirtuins from T. cruzi have been recently considered as promising targets for the development of new treatments for Chagas disease. Inhibition of their activity has been shown to significantly interfere with the life cycle of the parasite. T. cruzi possesses genes encoding two sirtuin-like proteins, TcSIR2rp1 and TcSIR2rp3. The structures of these enzymes were theoretically elucidated in this work, which also focused on the impact of their possible conformational states on computational interaction studies. A small library of phytochemicals that are active against the parasite was built and screened against the most meaningful conformations, identifying a restricted number of scaffolds that potentially interact with the modeled proteins. For these hits, a mechanism of action related to interactions with sirtuins was proposed.
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