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Wang Y, Pei P, Yang K, Guo L, Li Y. Copper in colorectal cancer: From copper-related mechanisms to clinical cancer therapies. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1724. [PMID: 38804588 PMCID: PMC11131360 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper, a trace element and vital cofactor, plays a crucial role in the maintenance of biological functions. Recent evidence has established significant correlations between copper levels, cancer development and metastasis. The strong redox-active properties of copper offer both benefits and disadvantages to cancer cells. The intestinal tract, which is primarily responsible for copper uptake and regulation, may suffer from an imbalance in copper homeostasis. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent primary cancer of the intestinal tract and is an aggressive malignant disease with limited therapeutic options. Current research is primarily focused on the relationship between copper and CRC. Innovative concepts, such as cuproplasia and cuproptosis, are being explored to understand copper-related cellular proliferation and death. Cuproplasia is the regulation of cell proliferation that is mediated by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic copper-modulated activities. Whereas, cuproptosis refers to cell death induced by excess copper via promoting the abnormal oligomerisation of lipoylated proteins within the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as by diminishing the levels of iron-sulphur cluster proteins. A comprehensive understanding of copper-related cellular proliferation and death mechanisms offers new avenues for CRC treatment. In this review, we summarise the evolving molecular mechanisms, ranging from abnormal intracellular copper concentrations to the copper-related proteins that are being discovered, and discuss the role of copper in the pathogenesis, progression and potential therapies for CRC. Understanding the relationship between copper and CRC will help provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation for innovative treatment strategies in CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Pei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Suzuki H, Matsukawa M, Madokoro R, Terasaka Y, Kannaka K, Uehara T. Reduction of the hepatic radioactivity levels of [ 111In]In-DOTA-labeled antibodies via cleavage of a linkage metabolized in lysosomes. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 132-133:108910. [PMID: 38636351 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiolabeled antibodies are promising tools for cancer diagnosis using nuclear medicine. A DOTA-chelating system is useful for preparing immuno-positron emission tomography and immuno-single-photon emission computed tomography probes with various radiometals. Radiolabeled antibodies are generally metabolized in the reticuloendothelial system, producing radiometabolites after proteolysis in hepatic lysosomes. Because of the bulkiness and extremely high hydrophilicity of DOTA, radiometabolites containing a radiometal-DOTA complex typically exhibit high and persistent localization in hepatic lysosomes. Radioactivity in the liver impairs the accurate diagnosis of cancer surrounding the liver and liver metastasis, and a high tumor/liver ratio is desirable. In this study, we reduced the hepatic radioactivity of radiometal-labeled antibodies containing a DOTA-chelating system. A cleavable linkage was inserted to liberate the radiometabolite, which exhibited a short residence time in hepatocytes. METHODS Using indium-111 (111In)-labeled antibodies, we prepared 111In-labeled galactosyl-neoglycoalbumins (NGAs) because they are useful for evaluating the residence time of radiometabolites in the liver. An 111In-labeled NGA with a cleavable linkage ([111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-FGK-NGA) was administered to normal mice, and biodistribution studies and metabolic analyses of urinary and fecal samples were performed with comparison to an 111In-labeled NGA prepared by a conventional method ([111In]In-DOTA-Bn-SCN-NGA). Then, 111In-labeled antibodies ([111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-FGK-IgG and [111In]In-DOTA-Bn-SCN-IgG) were prepared using a procedure similar to that for 111In-labeled NGAs. In vitro plasma stability and biodistribution were investigated for both 111In-labeled antibodies in U87MG tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Through the liberation of radiometabolites including [111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-F, [111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-FGK-NGA was cleared more rapidly from the liver than [111In]In-DOTA-Bn-SCN-NGA (4.07 ± 1.54%ID VS 71.68 ± 3.03%ID at 6 h postinjection). [111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-FGK-IgG exhibited lower tumor accumulation (8.83 ± 1.48%ID/g) but a significantly higher tumor/liver ratio (2.21 ± 0.53) than [111In]In-DOTA-Bn-SCN-IgG (11.65 ± 2.17%ID/g in the tumor and a tumor/liver ratio of 0.85 ± 0.18) at 72 h after injection. CONCLUSION A molecular design that reduces the high and persistent hepatic radioactivity of radiolabeled antibodies by liberating radiometabolites with a short hepatic residence time in lysosomes would be applicable for radiometal-labeled antibodies using a DOTA-chelating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Masato Matsukawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Rikako Madokoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yui Terasaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kento Kannaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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Arroyo A, Lyashchenko SK, Lewis JS. Methods for the Production of Radiolabeled Bioagents for ImmunoPET. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:117-142. [PMID: 38006494 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin-based positron emission tomography (ImmunoPET) is making increasingly significant contributions to the nuclear imaging toolbox. The exquisite specificity of antibodies combined with the high-resolution imaging of PET enables clinicians and researchers to localize diseases, especially cancer, with a high degree of spatial certainty. This review focuses on the radiopharmaceutical preparation necessary to obtain those images-the work behind the scenes, which occurs even before the patient or animal is injected with the radioimmunoconjugate. The focus of this methods review will be the chelation of four radioisotopes to their most common and clinically relevant chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Arroyo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhong X, Yan J, Ding X, Su C, Xu Y, Yang M. Recent Advances in Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry for Enhanced PET and SPECT Radiochemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:457-476. [PMID: 36811499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high reaction rate and reliable selectivity, bioorthogonal click reactions have been extensively investigated in numerous research fields, such as nanotechnology, drug delivery, molecular imaging, and targeted therapy. Previous reviews on bioorthogonal click chemistry for radiochemistry mainly focus on 18F-labeling protocols employed to produce radiotracers and radiopharmaceuticals. In fact, besides fluorine-18, other radionuclides such as gallium-68, iodine-125, and technetium-99m are also used in the field of bioorthogonal click chemistry. Herein, to provide a more comprehensive perspective, we provide a summary of recent advances in radiotracers prepared using bioorthogonal click reactions, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids as well as nanoparticles based on these radionuclides. The combination of pretargeting with imaging modalities or nanoparticles, as well as the clinical translations study, are also discussed to illustrate the effects and potential of bioorthogonal click chemistry for radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Zhong
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Chen Su
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214002, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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EGFR-targeted hybrid lipid nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy against colorectal cancer cells. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 251:105280. [PMID: 36634728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-functionalized targeted nanocarriers have shown great-potential for minimizing the chemoresistance and systemic toxicity of cancer chemotherapies. The combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy has great potential in improving therapeutic effect. However, cetuximab-modified nanoparticles based lipids for chemo-phototherapy of EGFR overexpressing colorectal carcinoma (CRC) have seldom been investigated. Hence, this study aimed to fabricate cetuximab-conjugated and near infrared (NIR) light-responsive hybrid lipid-polymer nanoparticles (abbreviated as Cet-CINPs) for targeted delivery of irinotecan. Cet-CINPs were prepared with copolymer PLGA and various lipids DSPE-PEG, DSPE-PEG-Mal, lecithin as carriers. Cetuximab was conjugated on the surface of nanoparticles to achieve targeting anti-tumor efficacy. Cet-CINPs were characterized in terms of morphology (spherical), size (119 nm), charge (-27.2 mV), drug entrapment efficiency (43.27 %), and antibody conjugation efficiency (70.87 %). Cet-CINPs showed preferable photothermal response, pH/NIR-triggered drug release behavior, enhanced cellular uptake and ROS level compared with free ICG and CINPs. Meanwhile, in vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that Cet-CINPs with NIR irradiation had a higher cytotoxicity against Lovo cells than non-targeted or non-NIR activated nanoparticles. The IC50 values of Cet-CINPs with NIR irradiation was 22.84 ± 1.11 μM for 24 h and 5.01 ± 1.06 μM for 48 h, respectively. These investigations demonstrate that Cet-CINPs with good tumor-targeting ability and enhanced antitumor activity, are a promising multifunctional nanoplatform for CRC therapy.
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Maisonial-Besset A, Witkowski T, Quintana M, Besse S, Gaumet V, Cordonnier A, Alliot C, Vidal A, Denevault-Sabourin C, Tarrit S, Levesque S, Miot-Noirault E, Chezal JM. Synthesis and In Vitro Comparison of DOTA, NODAGA and 15-5 Macrocycles as Chelators for the 64Cu-Labelling of Immunoconjugates. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010075. [PMID: 36615280 PMCID: PMC9822305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of 64Cu-based immuno-PET radiotracers requires the use of copper-specific bifunctional chelators (BFCs) that contain functional groups allowing both convenient bioconjugation and stable copper complexes to limit in vivo bioreduction, transmetallation and/or transchelation. The excellent in vivo kinetic inertness of the pentaazamacrocyclic [64Cu]Cu-15-5 complex prompted us to investigate its potential for the 64Cu-labelling of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), compared with the well-known NODAGA and DOTA chelators. To this end, three NODAGA, DOTA and 15-5-derived BFCs, containing a pendant azadibenzocyclooctyne moiety, were synthesised and a robust methodology was determined to form covalent bonds between them and azide-functionalised trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 mAb, using strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Unlike the DOTA derivative, the NODAGA- and 15-5-mAb conjugates were radiolabelled with 64Cu, obtaining excellent radiochemical yields, under mild conditions. Although all the radioimmunoconjugates showed excellent stability in PBS or mouse serum, [64Cu]Cu-15-5- and [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-trastuzumab presented higher resistance to transchelation when challenged by EDTA. Finally, the immunoreactive fraction of the radioimmunoconjugates (88-94%) was determined in HER-2 positive BT474 human breast cancer cells, confirming that the bioconjugation and radiolabelling processes implemented had no significant impact on antigen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiffany Witkowski
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mercedes Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Besse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Gaumet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Axel Cordonnier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Caroline Denevault-Sabourin
- GICC EA7501, Team IMT, Université de Tours, UFR de Médecine, Bâtiment Vialle, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, BP 3223, CEDEX 01, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Tarrit
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Levesque
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence:
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Uzal-Varela R, Patinec V, Tripier R, Valencia L, Maneiro M, Canle M, Platas-Iglesias C, Esteban-Gómez D, Iglesias E. On the dissociation pathways of copper complexes relevant as PET imaging agents. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111951. [PMID: 35963110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several bifunctional chelators have been synthesized in the last years for the development of new 64Cu-based PET agents for in vivo imaging. When designing a metal-based PET probe, it is important to achieve high stability and kinetic inertness once the radioisotope is coordinated. Different competitive assays are commonly used to evaluate the possible dissociation mechanisms that may induce Cu(II) release in the body. Among them, acid-assisted dissociation tests or transchelation challenges employing EDTA or SOD are frequently used to evaluate both solution thermodynamics and the kinetic behavior of potential metal-based systems. Despite of this, the Cu(II)/Cu(I) bioreduction pathway that could be promoted by the presence of bioreductants still remains little explored. To fill this gap we present here a detailed spectroscopic study of the kinetic behavior of different macrocyclic Cu(II) complexes. The complexes investigated include the cross-bridge cyclam derivative [Cu(CB-TE1A)]+, whose structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The acid-assisted dissociation mechanism was investigated using HClO4 and HCl to analyse the effect of the counterion on the rate constants. The complexes were selected so that the effects of complex charge and coordination polyhedron could be assessed. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were conducted to investigate whether the reduction to Cu(I) falls within the window of common bioreducing agents. The most striking behavior concerns the [Cu(NO2Th)]2+ complex, a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane derivative containing two methylthiazolyl pendant arms. This complex is extremely inert with respect to dissociation following the acid-catalyzed mechanism, but dissociates rather quickly in the presence of a bioreductant like ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Uzal-Varela
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Véronique Patinec
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marcelino Maneiro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Ciencias, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Moisés Canle
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Emilia Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
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64Cu-labeling of small extracellular vesicle surfaces via a cross-bridged macrocyclic chelator for pharmacokinetic study by positron emission tomography imaging. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121968. [PMID: 35772573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed a method of labeling the surfaces of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with 64Cu using a cross-bridged, macrocyclic chelator (CB-TE1A1P) and applied to pharmacokinetics study with positron emission tomography (PET). After incubation in 20% plasma for 10 min, approximately a half of the 64Cu was desorbed from 64Cu-labeled sEVs purified by phosphate-buffered saline wash, suggesting partly weak interaction without coordinating to CB-TE1A1P. After subsequent purification with albumin, 64Cu desorption was greatly reduced, resulting in a radiochemical stability of 95.7%. Notably, labeling did not alter the physicochemical and biological properties of sEVs. After intravenous injection, 64Cu-labeled sEVs rapidly disappeared from the systemic blood circulation and accumulated mainly in the liver and spleen of macrophage-competent mice. In macrophage-depleted mice, 64Cu-labeled sEVs remained in the blood circulation for a longer period and gradually accumulated in the liver and spleen, suggesting mechanisms of hepatic and splenic accumulation other than macrophage-dependent phagocytosis. The comparison of tissue uptake clearance between macrophage-competent and macrophage-depleted mice suggests that macrophages contributed to 67% and 76% of sEV uptake in the liver and spleen, respectively. The application of this method in pharmacokinetics PET studies can be useful in preclinical and clinical research and the development of sEV treatment modalities.
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Wang L, Liang M, Xiao Y, Chen J, Mei C, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Li D. NIR-II Navigation with an EGFR-Targeted Probe Improves Imaging Resolution and Sensitivity of Detecting Micrometastases in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenograft Models. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3563-3575. [PMID: 35420035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate of esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) after surgical resection is estimated to be only 30.3% due to the difficulty in identifying microinfiltration and subtle metastases. In this study, we explored the value of near-infrared fluorescence in the second window (NIR-II) using an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted probe (cetuximab-IR800) for the intraoperative navigation of ESCC in xenograft mouse models. Immunohistochemical results showed that EGFR was aberrantly expressed in 94.49% (120/127) of ESCC tissues and 90.63% (58/64) of metastatic lymph nodes. Western blot results demonstrated that EGFR protein was highly expressed in ESCC cell lines. Flow cytometry data revealed that cetuximab-IR800 showed a stronger binding specificity in EGFR-positive KYSE-30 cells than in A2780 control cells (P < 0.01). In vivo imaging data showed that the ratio of mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) and tumor to background (TBR) was significantly higher in KYSE-30 subcutaneous tumors with the infusion of cetuximab-IR800 than in those with the infusion of IgG1-IR800 (P < 0.05). Surgical navigation with NIR-II imaging showed that the TBR in orthotopic ESCC was significantly higher than that of NIR in the first window (NIR-I) (2.11 ± 0.46 vs 1.58 ± 0.31, P < 0.05), and NIR-II was more sensitive than NIR-I in detecting subcentimeter metastases (94.87% (37/39) vs 58.97% (23/39), P < 0.001). In conclusion, cetuximab-IR800 with high specificity for ESCC was first used in NIR-II surgical navigation. This probe showed better imaging resolution and higher sensitivity in detecting subtle metastases derived from an orthotopic ESCC model than NIR-I, which indicates that NIR-II has promise in guiding precise surgery for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Wang
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.,Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Mingzhu Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Yitai Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Chaoming Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Yujing Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
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Development and Functional Characterization of a Versatile Radio-/Immunotheranostic Tool for Prostate Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081996. [PMID: 35454902 PMCID: PMC9027777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In previous studies, we described a modular Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell platform which we termed UniCAR. In contrast to conventional CARs, the interaction of UniCAR T cells does not occur directly between the CAR T cell and the tumor cell but is mediated via bispecific adaptor molecules so-called target modules (TMs). Here we present the development and functional characterization of a novel IgG4-based TM, directed to the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), which is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa). We show that this anti-PSCA IgG4-TM cannot only be used for (i) redirection of UniCAR T cells to PCa cells but also for (ii) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and (iii) alpha particle-based endoradiotherapy. For radiolabeling, the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM was conjugated with the chelator DOTAGA. PET imaging was performed using the 64Cu-labeled anti-PSCA IgG4-TM. According to PET imaging, the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM accumulates with high contrast in the PSCA-positive tumors of experimental mice without visible uptake in other organs. For endoradiotherapy the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM-DOTAGA conjugate was labeled with 225Ac3+. Targeted alpha therapy resulted in tumor control over 60 days after a single injection of the 225Ac-labeled TM. The favorable pharmacological profile of the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM, and its usage for (i) imaging, (ii) targeted alpha therapy, and (iii) UniCAR T cell immunotherapy underlines the promising radio-/immunotheranostic capabilities for the diagnostic imaging and treatment of PCa. Abstract Due to its overexpression on the surface of prostate cancer (PCa) cells, the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a potential target for PCa diagnosis and therapy. Here we describe the development and functional characterization of a novel IgG4-based anti-PSCA antibody (Ab) derivative (anti-PSCA IgG4-TM) that is conjugated with the chelator DOTAGA. The anti-PSCA IgG4-TM represents a multimodal immunotheranostic compound that can be used (i) as a target module (TM) for UniCAR T cell-based immunotherapy, (ii) for diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and (iii) targeted alpha therapy. Cross-linkage of UniCAR T cells and PSCA-positive tumor cells via the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM results in efficient tumor cell lysis both in vitro and in vivo. After radiolabeling with 64Cu2+, the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM was successfully applied for high contrast PET imaging. In a PCa mouse model, it showed specific accumulation in PSCA-expressing tumors, while no uptake in other organs was observed. Additionally, the DOTAGA-conjugated anti-PSCA IgG4-TM was radiolabeled with 225Ac3+ and applied for targeted alpha therapy. A single injection of the 225Ac-labeled anti-PSCA IgG4-TM was able to significantly control tumor growth in experimental mice. Overall, the novel anti-PSCA IgG4-TM represents an attractive first member of a novel group of radio-/immunotheranostics that allows diagnostic imaging, endoradiotherapy, and CAR T cell immunotherapy.
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Wang S, Gai Y, Sun L, Lan X, Zeng D, Xiang G, Ma X. Synthesis and evaluation of novel 1,4,7-triazacyclononane derivatives as Cu2+ and Ga3+ chelators. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 229:111719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rudd SE, Van Zuylekom JK, Raicevic A, Pearce LA, Cullinane C, Williams CC, Adams TE, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. Enzyme mediated incorporation of zirconium-89 or copper-64 into a fragment antibody for same day imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9004-9016. [PMID: 34276928 PMCID: PMC8261882 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01422f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of tumors which over-express Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is important in selecting patients for anti-EGFR therapies. Enzymatic bioconjugation was used to introduce positron-emitting radionuclides (89Zr, 64Cu) into an anti-EGFR antibody fragment for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging the same day as injection. A monovalent antibody fragment with high affinity for EGFR was engineered to include a sequence that is recognized by the transpeptidase sortase A. Two different metal chelators, one for 89ZrIV and one for 64CuII, were modified with a N-terminal glycine to enable them to act as substrates in sortase A mediated bioconjugation to the antibody fragment. Both fragments provided high-quality PET images of EGFR positive tumors in a mouse model at 3 hours post-injection, a significant advantage when compared to radiolabeled full antibodies that require several days between injection of the tracer and imaging. The use of enzymatic bioconjugation gives reproducible homogeneous products with the metal complexes selectively installed on the C-terminus of the antibody potentially simplifying regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science, Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | | | - Anna Raicevic
- CSIRO Manufacturing Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | | | - Carleen Cullinane
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | | | | | - Rodney J Hicks
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science, Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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Qi M, Gao S, Nie S, Wang K, Guo L. Precise engineering of cetuximab encapsulated gadollium nanoassemblies: in vitro ultrasound diagnosis and in vivo thyroid cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:569-579. [PMID: 33709843 PMCID: PMC7971338 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1889721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the formulation of nanoassemblies (NAs) comprising C225 conjugates Gd-PFH-NAs (C-Gd-PFH-NAs) for low-intensity focused ultrasound diagnosis ablation of thyroid cancer. C-Gd-PFH-NAs showed excellent stability in water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and 20% rat serum. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images also revealed the effective construction of C-Gd-PFH-NAs as common spherical assemblies. The incubation of C625 thyroid carcinoma with C-Gd-PFH-NAs triggers apoptosis, as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. The C-Gd-PFH-NAs exhibited antitumor efficacy in human thyroid carcinoma xenografts, where histopathological results further confirmed these outcomes. Furthermore, we were able to use low-intensity focused ultrasound diagnosis imaging (LIFUS) to examine the efficiency of C-Gd-PFH-NAs in thyroid carcinoma in vivo. These findings clearly show that the use of LIFUS agents with high performance imaging in different therapeutic settings will have extensive potential for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Gao
- Functional Division, Jinzhou Yixian People's Hospital, Jinzhou, China
| | - Sihui Nie
- Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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14
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Qiu L, Lin Q, Si Z, Tan H, Liu G, Zhou J, Wang T, Chen Y, Huang Y, Yu T, Jin M, Cheng D, Shi H. A Pretargeted Imaging Strategy for EGFR-Positive Colorectal Carcinoma via Modulation of Tz-Radioligand Pharmacokinetics. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:38-51. [PMID: 32914391 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, we successfully developed a pretargeted imaging strategy (atezolizumab-TCO/[99mTc]HYNIC-PEG11-Tz) for evaluating programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in xenograft mice. However, the surplus unclicked [99mTc]HYNIC-PEG11-Tz is cleared somewhat sluggishly through the intestines, which is not ideal for colorectal cancer (CRC) imaging. To shift the excretion of the Tz-radioligand to the renal system, we developed a novel Tz-radioligand by adding a polypeptide linker between HYNIC and PEG11. PROCEDURES Pretargeted molecular probes [99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz and cetuximab-TCO were synthesized. [99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz was evaluated for in vitro stability and in vivo blood pharmacokinetics. In vitro ligation reactivity of [99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz towards cetuximab-TCO was also tested. Biodistribution assay and imaging of [99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz were performed to observe its excretion pathway. Pretargeted biodistribution was measured at three different accumulation intervals to determine the optimal pretargeted interval time. Pretargeted (cetuximab-TCO 48 h/[99mTc]HYNIC-PEG11-Tz 6 h) and (cetuximab-TCO 48 h/[99mTc]HYNIC-Polypeptide-PEG11-Tz 6 h) imagings were compared to examine the effect of the excretion pathway on tumor imaging. RESULTS [99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz showed favorable in vitro stability and rapid blood clearance in mice. SEC-HPLC revealed almost complete reaction between cetuximab-TCO and [99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz in vitro, with the 8:1 Tz-to-mAb reaction providing a conversion yield of 87.83 ± 3.27 %. Biodistribution and imaging analyses showed that the Tz-radioligand was cleared through the kidneys. After 24, 48, and 72 h of accumulation in HCT116 tumor, the tumor-to-blood ratio of cetuximab-TCO was 0.83 ± 0.13, 1.40 ± 0.31, and 1.15 ± 0.21, respectively. Both pretargeted (cetuximab-TCO 48 h/[99mTc]HYNIC-PEG11-Tz 6 h) and (cetuximab-TCO 48 h/[99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz 6 h) clearly delineated HCT116 tumor. Pretargeted imaging strategy using cetuximab-TCO/[99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz could be used for diagnosing CRC, as the surplus unclicked [99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz was cleared through the urinary system, leading to low abdominal uptake background. CONCLUSION Our novel pretargeted imaging strategy (cetuximab-TCO/[99mTc]HYNIC-polypeptide-PEG11-Tz) was useful for imaging CRC, broadening the application scope of pretargeted imaging strategy. The pretargeted imaging strategy clearly delineated HCT116 tumor, showing that its use could be extended to selection of internalizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhan Si
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Tao Yu
- WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhi Jin
- WuXi Biologics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Mukai H, Watanabe Y. Review: PET imaging with macro- and middle-sized molecular probes. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:156-170. [PMID: 32660789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in radiolabeling of macro- and middle-sized molecular probes has been extending possibilities to use PET molecular imaging for dynamic application to drug development and therapeutic evaluation. Theranostics concept also accelerated the use of macro- and middle-sized molecular probes for sharpening the contrast of proper target recognition even the cellular types/subtypes and proper selection of the patients who should be treated by the same molecules recognition. Here, brief summary of the present status of immuno-PET, and then further development of advanced technologies related to immuno-PET, peptidic PET probes, and nucleic acids PET probes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Mukai
- Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
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Abstract
Imaging has played a critical role in the management of patients with cancer. Novel therapies are emerging rapidly; however, they are effective only in some patients. With the advent of new targeted therapeutics and immunotherapy, the limitations of conventional imaging methods are becoming more evident. FDG-PET imaging is restricted to the optimal assessment of immune therapies. There is a critical unmet need for pharmacodynamic and prognostic imaging biomarkers. Radiolabeled antibodies or small molecules can allow for specific assessment of targets in expression and concentration. Several such imaging agents have been under preclinical development. Early human studies with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies or small molecules targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway have shown potential; targeted imaging of CA19.9 and CA-IX and are being further explored. Immune-directed imaging agents are highly desirable as biomarkers and preliminary studies with radiolabeled antibodies targeting immune mechanisms appear promising. While novel agents are being developed, larger well-designed studies are needed to validate the role of these agents as biomarkers in the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
| | - Michael A Postow
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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18
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Benedetto R, Massicano AVF, Crenshaw BK, Oliveira R, Reis RM, Araújo EB, Lapi SE. 89Zr-DFO-Cetuximab as a Molecular Imaging Agent to Identify Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:288-296. [PMID: 30865493 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the improvement in clinical outcomes for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as the result of cetuximab, patients may present with or develop resistance that increases tumor recurrence rates and limits clinical efficacy. Therefore, identifying those patients who are or become resistant is essential to tailor the best therapeutic approach. Materials and Methods: Cetuximab was conjugated to p-NCS-Bz-DFO and labeled with 89Zr. The resistance model was developed by treating FaDu cells with cetuximab. Western blotting (WB) and specific binding assays were performed to evaluate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab uptake in FaDu cetuximab-resistant (FCR) and FaDu cetuximab-sensitive (FCS) cells. Positron emission tomography imaging and biodistribution were conducted in NU/NU nude mice implanted with FCR or FCS cells. Results: Cetuximab was successfully radiolabeled with 89Zr (≥95%). Binding assays performed in FCR and FCS cells showed significantly lower 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab uptake in FCR (p < 0.0001). WB suggests that the resistance mechanism is associated with EGFR downregulation (p = 0.038). This result is in agreement with the low uptake of 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab in FCR cells. Tumor uptake of 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab in FCR was significantly lower than FCS tumors (p = 0.0340). Conclusions: In this work, the authors showed that 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab is suitable for identification of EGFR downregulation in vitro and in vivo. This radiopharmaceutical may be useful for monitoring resistance in HNSCC patients during cetuximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Benedetto
- 1 Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana V F Massicano
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bryant K Crenshaw
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Renato Oliveira
- 3 Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- 3 Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine B Araújo
- 1 Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine is composed of two complementary areas, imaging and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon imaging, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), comprise the imaging component of nuclear medicine. These areas are distinct in that they exploit different nuclear decay processes and also different imaging technologies. In PET, images are created from the 511 keV photons produced when the positron emitted by a radionuclide encounters an electron and is annihilated. In contrast, in single-photon imaging, images are created from the γ rays (and occasionally X-rays) directly emitted by the nucleus. Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses particulate radiation such as Auger or conversion electrons or β- or α particles. All three of these technologies are linked by the requirement that the radionuclide must be attached to a suitable vector that can deliver it to its target. It is imperative that the radionuclide remain attached to the vector before it is delivered to its target as well as after it reaches its target or else the resulting image (or therapeutic outcome) will not reflect the biological process of interest. Radiochemistry is at the core of this process, and radiometals offer radiopharmaceutical chemists a tremendous range of options with which to accomplish these goals. They also offer a wide range of options in terms of radionuclide half-lives and emission properties, providing the ability to carefully match the decay properties with the desired outcome. This Review provides an overview of some of the ways this can be accomplished as well as several historical examples of some of the limitations of earlier metalloradiopharmaceuticals and the ways that new technologies, primarily related to radionuclide production, have provided solutions to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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David T, Hlinová V, Kubíček V, Bergmann R, Striese F, Berndt N, Szöllősi D, Kovács T, Máthé D, Bachmann M, Pietzsch HJ, Hermann P. Improved Conjugation, 64-Cu Radiolabeling, in Vivo Stability, and Imaging Using Nonprotected Bifunctional Macrocyclic Ligands: Bis(Phosphinate) Cyclam (BPC) Chelators. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8774-8796. [PMID: 30180567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional derivatives of bis(phosphinate)-bearing cyclam (BPC) chelators bearing a carboxylate, amine, isothiocyanate, azide, or cyclooctyne in the BP side chain were synthesized. Conjugations required no protection of phosphinate or ring secondary amine groups. The ring amines were not reactive (proton protected) at pH < ∼8. For isothiocyanate coupling, oligopeptide N-terminal α-amines were more suitable than alkyl amines, e.g., Lys ω-amine (p Ka ∼7.5-8.5 and ∼10-11, respectively) due to lower basicity. The Cu-64 labeling was efficient at room temperature (specific activity ∼100 GBq/μmol; 25 °C, pH 6.2, ∼100 ligand equiv, 10 min). A representative Cu-64-BPC was tested in vivo showing fast clearance and no nonspecific radioactivity deposition. The monoclonal anti-PSCA antibody 7F5 conjugates with thiocyanate BPC derivative or NODAGA were radiolabeled and studied in PC3-PSCA tumor bearing mice by PET. The radiolabeled BPC conjugate was accumulated in the prostate tumor with a low off-target uptake, unlike Cu-64-labeled NODAGA-antibody conjugate. The BPC chelators have a great potential for theranostic applications of the Cu-64/Cu-67 matched pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš David
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague , Czech Republic.,Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Veronika Hlinová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Franziska Striese
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Nicole Berndt
- Partner Site Dresden , German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Fetscherstrasse 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Dávid Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology , Semmelweis University , Tűzoltó utca 37-47 , H-1094 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology , University of Pannonia , Egyetem St. 10 , H-8200 Veszprém , Hungary.,Social Organization for Radioecological Cleanliness , P.O. Box 158, H-8200 Veszprém , Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology , Semmelweis University , Tűzoltó utca 37-47 , H-1094 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany.,Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC) , "Carl Gustav Carus" Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstrasse 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) , "Carl Gustav Carus" Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstrasse 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague , Czech Republic
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21
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Balintová J, Welter M, Marx A. Antibody-nucleotide conjugate as a substrate for DNA polymerases. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7122-7125. [PMID: 30310633 PMCID: PMC6137436 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report on the development of an antibody-modified nucleotide and its sequence-selective incorporation into nascent DNA catalysed by DNA polymerases. Although the modification of the nucleotide is several orders of magnitude larger than the natural dNTP substrate and even exceeds the size of the DNA polymerase, it is well accepted by the enzyme. Moreover, the recognition of the antibody is not abolished by the conjugation but can be recognized by a secondary antibody that is conjugated to a signal-generating enzyme (i.e., horse radish peroxidase). This product can thus be exploited for a colorimetric read-out of nucleotide incorporation by the naked eye that allows detection of DNA as low as 10 amol. In future, assays like the one described herein might allow nucleic acid diagnostics at single nucleotide resolution without any laboratory equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Balintová
- Department of Chemistry , University of Konstanz , Universitätsstrasse 10 , 78457 Konstanz , Germany .
| | - M Welter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Konstanz , Universitätsstrasse 10 , 78457 Konstanz , Germany .
| | - A Marx
- Department of Chemistry , University of Konstanz , Universitätsstrasse 10 , 78457 Konstanz , Germany .
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22
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Ocak M, Beaino W, White A, Zeng D, Cai Z, Anderson CJ. 64Cu-Labeled Phosphonate Cross-Bridged Chelator Conjugates of c(RGDyK) for PET/CT Imaging of Osteolytic Bone Metastases. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 33:74-83. [PMID: 29634417 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this research was to evaluate c(RGDyK) conjugated to phosphonate-based cross-bridged chelators using Cu-free click chemistry in the 4T1 mouse mammary tumor bone metastasis model in comparison with 64Cu-CB-TE2A-c(RGDyK), which previously showed selective binding to integrin αvβ3 on osteoclasts. EXPERIMENTAL Two phosphonate-based cross-bridged chelators (CB-TE1A1P and CB-TE1K1P) were conjugated to c(RGDyK) through bio-orthogonal strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the 64Cu-labeled TE1A1P-DBCO-c(RGDyK) (AP-c(RGDyK)), TE1K1P-PEG4-DBCO-c(RGDyK) (KP-c(RGDyK)), and CB-TE2A-c(RGDyK) were compared in the 4T1 mouse model of bone metastasis. The affinities of the unconjugated and chelator-c(RGDyK) analogs for αvβ3 integrin were determined using a competitive-binding assay. For in vivo evaluation, BALB/c mice were injected with 1 × 105 4T1/Luc cells in the left ventricle. Formation of metastases was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) followed by small-animal PET/CT 2 h postinjection of radiotracers. RESULTS The chelator-peptide conjugates showed similar affinity to integrin αvβ3, in the low nM range. PET imaging demonstrated a higher uptake in bones having metastases for all 64Cu-labeled c(RGDyK) analogs compared with bones in nontumor-bearing mice. The correlation between uptake of 64Cu-AP-c(RGDyK) and 64Cu-KP-c(RGDyK) in bones with metastases based on PET/CT imaging, and osteoclast number based on histomorphometry, was improved over the previously investigated 64Cu-CB-TE2A-c(RGDyK). CONCLUSION These data suggest that the phosphonate chelator conjugates of c(RDGyK) peptides are promising PET tracers suitable for imaging tumor-associated osteoclasts in bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Ocak
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wissam Beaino
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander White
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dexing Zeng
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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23
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Ahmedova A, Todorov B, Burdzhiev N, Goze C. Copper radiopharmaceuticals for theranostic applications. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1406-1425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Sun J, Sun L, Li J, Xu J, Wan Z, Ouyang Z, Liang L, Li S, Zeng D. A multi-functional polymeric carrier for simultaneous positron emission tomography imaging and combination therapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:312-322. [PMID: 29885530 PMCID: PMC6119490 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoplatforms offering simultaneous imaging and therapeutic functions have been recognized as a highly promising strategy for personalized nanomedicine. In this work, we synthesized a farnesylthiosalicylate (FTS, a nontoxic Ras antagonist) based triblock copolymer POEG-b-PVBA-b-PFTS (POVF) composed of a poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (POEG) hydrophilic block, a poly(FTS) hydrophobic block, and a poly(4-vinylbenzyl azide) (PVBA) middle block. The POVF polymer itself was active in inhibiting the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Besides, it could serve as a carrier to effectively encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX) to form stable PTX/POVF mixed micelles with a diameter around 100 nm. Meanwhile, POVF polymer provides the active azide group for incorporating a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging modality via a facile strategy based on metal-free click chemistry. This nanocarrier system could not only be used for co-delivery of PTX and FTS, but also for PET imaging guided drug delivery. In the 4T1.2 tumor bearing mice, PET imaging showed rapid uptake and slow clearance of radiolabeled PTX/POVF nanomicelles in the tumor tissues. In addition, the FTS-based multi-functional nanocarrier was able to inhibit tumor growth effectively, and the co-delivery of PTX by the carrier further improved the therapeutic effect. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer and variability in individual patient response, personalized nanomedicine based on multi-functional carriers that integrate the functionalities of combination therapy and imaging guidance is highly demanded. Here we developed a multi-functional nanocarrier based on triblock copolymer POEG-b-PVBA-b-PFTS (POVF), which could not only be used for co-delivery of anticancer drugs PTX and Ras inhibitor FTS, but also for PET imaging guided drug delivery. The POVF carrier itself was active in inhibiting the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Besides, it was effective in formulating PTX with high drug loading capacity, which further enhanced the tumor inhibition effect. Meanwhile, we developed a simple and universal approach to incorporate a PET radioisotope (Zr-89 and Cu-64) into the azide-containing PTX/POVF micelles via metal-free click chemistry in aqueous solution. The radiolabeled PTX/POVF micelles exhibited excellent serum stability, rapid tumor uptake and slow clearance, which validated the feasibility of the PET image-guided delivery of PTX/POVF micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Lingyi Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Jianchun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Jieni Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Zhuoya Wan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Zubin Ouyang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
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25
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Boros E, Holland JP. Chemical aspects of metal ion chelation in the synthesis and application antibody-based radiotracers. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:652-671. [PMID: 29230857 PMCID: PMC5997514 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiometals are becoming increasingly accessible and are utilized frequently in the design of radiotracers for imaging and therapy. Nuclear properties ranging from the emission of γ-rays and β+ -particles (imaging) to Auger electron and β- and α-particles (therapy) in combination with long half-lives are ideally matched with the relatively long biological half-life of monoclonal antibodies in vivo. Radiometal labeling of antibodies requires the incorporation of a metal chelate onto the monoclonal antibody. This chelate must coordinate the metal under mild conditions required for the handling of antibodies, as well as provide high kinetic, thermodynamic, and metabolic stability once the metal ion is coordinated to prevent release of the radionuclide before the target site is reached in vivo. Herein, we review the role of different radiometals that have found applications of the design of radiolabeled antibodies for imaging and radioimmunotherapy. Each radionuclide is described regarding its nuclear synthesis, coordinative preference, and radiolabeling properties with commonly used and novel chelates, as well as examples of their preclinical and clinical applications. An overview of recent trends in antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals is provided to spur continued development of the chemistry and application of radiometals for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, 100 Nicolls road, 11790 Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jason P. Holland
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Price TW, Greenman J, Stasiuk GJ. Current advances in ligand design for inorganic positron emission tomography tracers 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:15702-15724. [PMID: 26865360 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key part of the development of metal based Positron Emission Tomography probes is the chelation of the radiometal. In this review the recent developments in the chelation of four positron emitting radiometals, 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc, are explored. The factors that effect the chelation of each radio metal and the ideal ligand system will be discussed with regards to high in vivo stability, complexation conditions, conjugation to targeting motifs and complexation kinetics. A series of cyclic, cross-bridged and acyclic ligands will be discussed, such as CP256 which forms stable complexes with 68Ga under mild conditions and PCB-TE2A which has been shown to form a highly stable complex with 64Cu. 89Zr and 44Sc have seen significant development in recent years with a number of chelates being applied to each metal - eight coordinate di-macrocyclic terephthalamide ligands were found to rapidly produce more stable complexes with 89Zr than the widely used DFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Price
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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27
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Kikuchi M, Clump DA, Srivastava RM, Sun L, Zeng D, Diaz-Perez JA, Anderson CJ, Edwards WB, Ferris RL. Preclinical immunoPET/CT imaging using Zr-89-labeled anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody for assessing radiation-induced PD-L1 upregulation in head and neck cancer and melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1329071. [PMID: 28811971 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1329071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) can induce upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells or myeloid cells, which may affect response to PD-1-based immunotherapy. PD-L1 upregulation during RT is a dynamic process that has been difficult to monitor during treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the RT-induced PD-L1 upregulation in the tumor and its microenvironment using immunoPET/CT imaging of two syngeneic murine tumor models (HPV+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) or B16F10 melanoma). Tumors were established in two locations per mouse (neck and flank), and fractionated RT (2 Gy × 4 or 2 Gy × 10) was delivered only to the neck tumor, alone or during anti-PD-1 mAb immunotherapy. PD-L1 expression was measured by PET/CT imaging using Zr-89 labeled anti-mouse PD-L1 mAb, and results were validated by flow cytometry. PET/CT imaging demonstrated significantly increased tracer uptake in irradiated neck tumors compared with non-irradiated flank tumors. Ex vivo analysis by biodistribution and flow cytometry validated PD-L1 upregulation specifically in irradiated tumors. In the HNSCC model, RT-induced PD-L1 upregulation was only observed after 2 Gy × 10 fractionated RT, while in the B16F10 model upregulation of PD-L1 occurred after 2 Gy × 4 fractionated RT. Fractionated RT, but not anti-PD-1 therapy, upregulated PD-L1 expression on tumor and infiltrating inflammatory cells in murine models, which could be non-invasively monitored by immunoPET/CT imaging using Zr-89 labeled anti-mouse PD-L1 mAb, and differentially identified anti-PD-1 responsive as well as selectively irradiated tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kikuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Clump
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Lingyi Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Translational Medicine Program, CEINDO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - W Barry Edwards
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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28
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Zhu CN, Chen G, Tian ZQ, Wang W, Zhong WQ, Li Z, Zhang ZL, Pang DW. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Ag 2 Se-Cetuximab Nanoprobes for Targeted Imaging and Therapy of Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602309. [PMID: 28084692 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Theranostic nanoprobes integrated with diagnostic imaging and therapy capabilities have shown great potential for highly effective tumor therapy by realizing imaging-guided drug delivery and tumor treatment. Developing novel high-performance nanoprobes is an important basis for tumor theranostic application. Here, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent and low-biotoxicity Ag2 Se quantum dots (QDs) have been coupled with cetuximab, a clinical antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody drug for tumor therapy, via a facile bioconjugation strategy to prepare multifunctional Ag2 Se-cetuximab nanoprobes. Compared with the Ag2 Se QDs alone, the Ag2 Se-cetuximab nanoprobes display faster and more enrichment at the site of orthotopic tongue cancer, and thus present better NIR fluorescence contrast between the tumor and the surrounding regions. At 24 h postinjection, the NIR fluorescence of Ag2 Se-cetuximab nanoprobes at the tumor site is still easily detectable, whereas no fluorescence is observed for the Ag2 Se QDs. Moreover, the Ag2 Se-cetuximab nanoprobes have also significantly inhibited the tumor growth and improved the survival rate of orthotopic tongue cancer-bearing nude mice from 0% to 57.1%. Taken together, the constructed multifunctional Ag2 Se-cetuximab nanoprobes have achieved combined targeted imaging and therapy of orthotopic tongue cancer, which may greatly contribute to the development of nanotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Quan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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29
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Meyer JP, Adumeau P, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. Click Chemistry and Radiochemistry: The First 10 Years. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2791-2807. [PMID: 27787983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The advent of click chemistry has had a profound influence on almost all branches of chemical science. This is particularly true of radiochemistry and the synthesis of agents for positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and targeted radiotherapy. The selectivity, ease, rapidity, and modularity of click ligations make them nearly ideally suited for the construction of radiotracers, a process that often involves working with biomolecules in aqueous conditions with inexorably decaying radioisotopes. In the following pages, our goal is to provide a broad overview of the first 10 years of research at the intersection of click chemistry and radiochemistry. The discussion will focus on four areas that we believe underscore the critical advantages provided by click chemistry: (i) the use of prosthetic groups for radiolabeling reactions, (ii) the creation of coordination scaffolds for radiometals, (iii) the site-specific radiolabeling of proteins and peptides, and (iv) the development of strategies for in vivo pretargeting. Particular emphasis will be placed on the four most prevalent click reactions-the Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (IEDDA), and the Staudinger ligation-although less well-known click ligations will be discussed as well. Ultimately, it is our hope that this review will not only serve to educate readers but will also act as a springboard, inspiring synthetic chemists and radiochemists alike to harness click chemistry in even more innovative and ambitious ways as we embark upon the second decade of this fruitful collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Adumeau
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College , 520 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College , 520 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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30
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Gai Y, Sun L, Hui W, Ouyang Q, Anderson CJ, Xiang G, Ma X, Zeng D. New Bifunctional Chelator p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA for Copper-64: Synthesis, Peptidomimetic Conjugation, Radiolabeling, and Evaluation for PET Imaging. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6892-901. [PMID: 27347690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional chelators play an important role in developing metallic radionuclide-based radiopharmaceuticals. In this study, a new bifunctional ligand, p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA, was synthesized and conjugated to a very late antigen-4 targeting peptidomimetic, LLP2A, for evaluating its application in (64)Cu-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The new ligand exhibited strong selective coordination of Cu(II), leading to a robust Cu complex, even in the presence of 10-fold Fe(III). The LLP2A conjugate of p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA was prepared and successfully labeled with (64)Cu under mild conditions. The conjugate (64)Cu-NE3TA-PEG4-LLP2A showed significantly higher specific activity, compared with (64)Cu-NOTA-PEG4-LLP2A, while maintaining comparable serum stability. Subsequent biodistribution studies and PET imaging in mice bearing B16F10 xenografts confirmed its favorable in vivo performance and high tumor uptake with low background, rendering p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA a promising bifunctional chelator for (64)Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Lingyi Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Wenqi Hui
- College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States.,Departments of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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31
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Halime Z, Frindel M, Camus N, Orain PY, Lacombe M, Bernardeau K, Chérel M, Gestin JF, Faivre-Chauvet A, Tripier R. New synthesis of phenyl-isothiocyanate C-functionalised cyclams. Bioconjugation and (64)Cu phenotypic PET imaging studies of multiple myeloma with the te2a derivative. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:11302-14. [PMID: 26419637 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Azamacrocyclic bifunctional chelating agents (BCAs) are essential for the development of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine and we wish to prove that their bioconjugation by a function present on a carbon atom of the macrocyclic skeleton is a solution of choice to maintain their in vivo inertness. Based on our very recent methodology using a bisaminal template and selective N-alkylation approach, a new synthesis of conjugable C-functionalised teta, te2a and cb-te2a has been developed. These chelators have indeed a growing interest in nuclear medicine for positron emission tomography (PET) and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) where they show in several cases better complexation properties than dota or dota-like macrocycles, especially with (64)Cu or (67)Cu radioisotopes. Chelators are bearing an isothiocyanate grafting function introduced by C-alkylation to avoid as much as possible a critical decrease of their chelating properties. The synthesis is very efficient and yields the targeted ligands, teta-Ph-NCS, te2a-Ph-NCS and cb-te2a-Ph-NCS without fastidious work-up and could be easily extended to other cyclam based-BCAs. The newly synthetised te2a-Ph-NCS has been conjugated to an anti mCD138 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to evaluate its in vivo behavior and potentiality as BCA and to explore a first attempt of PET-phenotypic imaging in multiple myeloma (MM). Mass spectrometry analysis of the immunoconjugate showed that up to 4 chelates were conjugated per 9E7.4 mAb. The radiolabeling yield and specific activity post-purification of the bioconjugate 9E7.4-CSN-Ph-te2a were 95 ± 2.8% and 188 ± 27 MBq mg(-1) respectively and the immunoreactivity of (64)Cu-9E7.4-CSN-Ph-te2a was 81 ± 7%. Animal experiments were carried out on 5T33-Luc(+) tumor bearing mice, either in subcutaneous or orthotopic. To achieve PET imaging, mice were injected with (64)Cu-9E7.4-CNS-Ph-te2a and acquisitions were conducted 2 and 20 h post-injection (PI). A millimetric bone uptake was localised in a sacroiliac of a MM orthotopic tumor. Nonspecific uptakes were observed at 2 h PI but, unlike for the tumor, a significant decrease was observed at 20 h PI which improves the contrast of the images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Halime
- Université de Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521/SFR148 ScInBioS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France.
| | - Mathieu Frindel
- Université de Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521/SFR148 ScInBioS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France. and Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Unité INSERM 892 - CNRS 6299, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721 44007 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Camus
- Université de Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521/SFR148 ScInBioS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Orain
- Université de Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521/SFR148 ScInBioS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France.
| | - Marie Lacombe
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Karine Bernardeau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Unité INSERM 892 - CNRS 6299, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721 44007 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Michel Chérel
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | | | - Raphaël Tripier
- Université de Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521/SFR148 ScInBioS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France.
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Sun L, Ding J, Xing W, Gai Y, Sheng J, Zeng D. Novel Strategy for Preparing Dual-Modality Optical/PET Imaging Probes via Photo-Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1200-4. [PMID: 27098544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of small molecule based dual-modality probes remains a challenging task due to the complicated synthetic procedure. In this study, a novel concise and generic strategy for preparing dual-modality optical/PET imaging probes via photo-click chemistry was developed, in which the diazole photo-click linker functioned not only as a bridge between the targeting-ligand and the PET imaging moiety, but also as the fluorophore for optical imaging. A dual-modality AE105 peptidic probe was successfully generated via this strategy and subsequently applied in the fluorescent staining of U87MG cells and the (68)Ga based PET imaging of mice bearing U87MG xenograft. In addition, dual-modality monoclonal antibody cetuximab has also been generated via this strategy and labeled with (64)Cu for PET imaging studies, broadening the application of this strategy to include the preparation of macromolecule based imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jiule Ding
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States.,Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou City, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou City, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jing Sheng
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou City, Jiangsu 213003, China.,Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai , Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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Burke BP, Seemann J, Archibald SJ. Advanced Chelator Design for Metal Complexes in Imaging Applications. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Paterson BM, Donnelly PS. Macrocyclic Bifunctional Chelators and Conjugation Strategies for Copper-64 Radiopharmaceuticals. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Sun L, Gai Y, Anderson CJ, Zeng D. Highly-efficient and versatile fluorous-tagged Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition ligand for preparing bioconjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17072-5. [PMID: 26426419 PMCID: PMC4654650 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06858d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel ligand (FBTTBE) for Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has been developed, which demonstrates not only superior catalytic efficiency but also the ease of removing toxic copper species. FBTTBE has also been successfully applied in the synthesis of radiometal-labeled peptide and antibody without observable transchelation with the non-radioactive Cu(i) catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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36
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Paterson BM, Buncic G, McInnes LE, Roselt P, Cullinane C, Binns DS, Jeffery CM, Price RI, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. Bifunctional (64)Cu-labelled macrobicyclic cage amine isothiocyanates for immuno-positron emission tomography. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4901-9. [PMID: 25351329 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New macrobicyclic cage amine or "sarcophagine" (sar) bifunctional chelators have been synthesised that form copper complexes of exceptional in vivo stability and incorporate isothiocyanate (-NCS) functional groups for conjugation to an antibody. The chelators were synthesised from the methyl-capped complex [Mg(II)(CH3)(NH2)sar](2+). Coordination of Mg(II) within the cavity of the cage amine ligand protects the secondary amine atoms from reacting with the -NCS functional groups. Two different [Mg(II)(NCS-sar)](2+) derivatives were conjugated to the HER2/neu-targeting antibody trastuzumab and the progress of the reaction monitored by electrospray mass spectrometry. The Mg(II) ion was removed from the immunoconjugates under mild conditions (0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 6). Labelling of the (CH3)(p-NCS-Ph)sar-trastuzumab conjugate with (64)Cu(II), a radioisotope suitable for positron emission tomography (PET), was fast (∼5 min) and easily performed at room temperature with high radiochemical purity (>95%). Biodistribution and PET imaging studies in vivo showed that (64)Cu-labelled (CH3)(p-NCS-Ph)sar-trastuzumab maintained high stability under physiological conditions with high and selective uptake in a HER2-positive cancer cell line. The stability of the copper complex and the 12.7 h half-life of the radioisotope allows clear visualisation of tumours out to 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Kumar A, Hao G, Liu L, Ramezani S, Hsieh JT, Öz OK, Sun X. Click-chemistry strategy for labeling antibodies with copper-64 via a cross-bridged tetraazamacrocyclic chelator scaffold. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:782-9. [PMID: 25760776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a click-chemistry based modular strategy for antibody labeling with (64)Cu (t1/2 = 12.7 h; β(+) 0.656 MeV, 17.4%; β(-) 0.573 MeV, 39%; EC 43%) under ambient condition utilizing a cross-bridged tetraazamacrocyclic (CB-TE2A) analogue, which otherwise requires harsh conditions that make the CB-TE2A analogues under-utilized for protein labeling despite the fact that they form kinetically inert copper complexes with high in vivo stability. Our strategy involves prelabeling a CB-TE2A based scaffold (CB-TE2A-1C) with (64)Cu and its subsequent reaction with an antibody via the tetrazine-norbornene mediated click chemistry. The effectiveness of this strategy was demonstrated by labeling two monoclonal antibodies, an anti-PSMA antibody (YPSMA-1) and a chimeric anti-phosphatidylserine antibody (Bavituximab). The immunoreactivity of the antibodies remained unchanged after the tetrazine modification and click-chemistry (64)Cu labeling. To further demonstrate the practicality of the modular (64)Cu labeling strategy, we tested positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumor with the (64)Cu-labeled bavituximab in a mouse xenograft model. The tumor visualization and uptake of the labeled antibody exhibited the versatility of the click-chemistry strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- †Departments of Radiology and ‡Urology, and §Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Guiyang Hao
- †Departments of Radiology and ‡Urology, and §Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Li Liu
- †Departments of Radiology and ‡Urology, and §Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Saleh Ramezani
- †Departments of Radiology and ‡Urology, and §Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- †Departments of Radiology and ‡Urology, and §Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Orhan K Öz
- †Departments of Radiology and ‡Urology, and §Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xiankai Sun
- †Departments of Radiology and ‡Urology, and §Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Evans HL, Nguyen QD, Carroll LS, Kaliszczak M, Twyman FJ, Spivey AC, Aboagye EO. A bioorthogonal 68Ga-labelling strategy for rapid in vivo imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9557-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03903c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo imaging of EGFR is achieved using a 68Ga-labelled tetrazine via a fast and bioorthogonal IeDDA reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Evans
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Quang-Dé Nguyen
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laurence S. Carroll
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maciej Kaliszczak
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frazer J. Twyman
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- London W12 0NN, UK
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