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Ugodnikov A, Persson H, Simmons CA. Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3199-3225. [PMID: 38689569 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, skin, and intestinal mucosal barrier play key roles in homeostasis, disease physiology, and drug delivery - as such, it is important to create representative in vitro models to improve understanding of barrier biology and serve as tools for therapeutic development. Microfluidic cell culture and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems enable barrier modelling with greater physiological fidelity than conventional platforms by mimicking key environmental aspects such as fluid shear, accurate microscale dimensions, mechanical cues, extracellular matrix, and geometrically defined co-culture. As the prevalence of barrier-on-chip models increases, so does the importance of tools that can accurately assess barrier integrity and function without disturbing the carefully engineered microenvironment. In this review, we first provide a background on biological barriers and the physiological features that are emulated through in vitro barrier models. Then, we outline molecular permeability and electrical sensing barrier integrity assessment methods, and the related challenges specific to barrier-on-chip implementation. Finally, we discuss future directions in the field, as well important priorities to consider such as fabrication costs, standardization, and bridging gaps between disciplines and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ugodnikov
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Henrik Persson
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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Wang G, Du J, Ma J, Liu P, Xing S, Xia J, Dong S, Li Z. Discovery of Novel Tryptanthrin Derivatives with Benzenesulfonamide Substituents as Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1468. [PMID: 37895939 PMCID: PMC10610214 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) approach, two series of tryptanthrin derivatives with benzenesulfonamide substituents were evaluated as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro biological assays indicated most of the derivatives had good cholinesterase inhibitory activity and neuroprotective properties. Among them, the target compound 4h was considered as a mixed reversible dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.04 μM) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, IC50 = 6.11 ± 0.15 μM). And it could also potentially prevent the generation of amyloid plaques by inhibiting self-induced Aβ aggregation (63.16 ± 2.33%). Molecular docking studies were used to explore the interactions of AChE, BuChE, and Aβ. Furthermore, possessing significant anti-neuroinflammatory potency (NO, IL-1β, TNF-α; IC50 = 0.62 ± 0.07 μM, 1.78 ± 0.21 μM, 1.31 ± 0.28 μM, respectively) reduced ROS production, and chelated biometals were also found in compound 4h. Further studies showed that 4h had proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and suitable in vitro metabolic stability. In in vivo study, 4h effectively ameliorated the learning and memory impairment of the scopolamine-induced AD mice model. These findings suggested that 4h may be a promising compound for further development as a multifunctional agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (G.W.); (J.D.); (P.L.); (S.X.); (J.X.); (S.D.)
- Anhui BioX-Vision Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiyu Du
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (G.W.); (J.D.); (P.L.); (S.X.); (J.X.); (S.D.)
| | - Jie Ma
- Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Peipei Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (G.W.); (J.D.); (P.L.); (S.X.); (J.X.); (S.D.)
- Anhui BioX-Vision Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230032, China
| | - Siqi Xing
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (G.W.); (J.D.); (P.L.); (S.X.); (J.X.); (S.D.)
| | - Jucheng Xia
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (G.W.); (J.D.); (P.L.); (S.X.); (J.X.); (S.D.)
| | - Shuanghong Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (G.W.); (J.D.); (P.L.); (S.X.); (J.X.); (S.D.)
| | - Zeng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (G.W.); (J.D.); (P.L.); (S.X.); (J.X.); (S.D.)
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Lee NG, Lim MH, Park J, Jeung IC, Hwang B, Lee J, Park JG, Son MY, Han BS, Yoon SJ, Lee SJ, Park YJ, Kim JH, Lee NK, Lee SC, Min JK. TGF-β and SHH Regulate Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation into Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Generating an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1132. [PMID: 37892862 PMCID: PMC10604460 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are important tools for studying CNS drug delivery, brain development, and brain disease. In vitro BBB models have been obtained from animals and immortalized cell lines; however, brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) derived from them have several limitations. Furthermore, obtaining mature brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BME-like cells) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with desirable properties for establishing BBB models has been challenging. Here, we developed an efficient method for differentiating hPSCs into BMECs that are amenable to the development and application of human BBB models. The established conditions provided an environment similar to that occurring during BBB differentiation in the presence of the co-differentiating neural cell population by the modulation of TGF-β and SHH signaling. The developed BME-like cells showed well-organized tight junctions, appropriate expression of nutrient transporters, and polarized efflux transporter activity. In addition, BME-like cells responded to astrocytes, acquiring substantial barrier properties as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Moreover, the BME-like cells exhibited an immune quiescent property of BBB endothelial cells by decreasing the expression of adhesion molecules. Therefore, our novel cellular platform could be useful for drug screening and the development of brain-permeable pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Geum Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Lim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjin Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheul Jeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungtae Hwang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Bolden CT, Skibber MA, Olson SD, Zamorano Rojas M, Milewicz S, Gill BS, Cox CS. Validation and characterization of a novel blood-brain barrier platform for investigating traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16150. [PMID: 37752338 PMCID: PMC10522590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a highly-selective physiologic barrier responsible for maintaining cerebral homeostasis. Innovative in vitro models of the BBB are needed to provide useful insights into BBB function with CNS disorders like traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is a multidimensional and highly complex pathophysiological condition that requires intrinsic models to elucidate its mechanisms. Current models either lack fluidic shear stress, or neglect hemodynamic parameters important in recapitulating the human in vivo BBB phenotype. To address these limitations in the field, we developed a fluid dynamic novel platform which closely mimics these parameters. To validate our platform, Matrigel-coated Transwells were seeded with brain microvascular endothelial cells, both with and without co-cultured primary human astrocytes and bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In this article we characterized BBB functional properties such as TEER and paracellular permeability. Our platform demonstrated physiologic relevant decreases in TEER in response to an ischemic environment, while directly measuring barrier fluid fluctuation. These recordings were followed with recovery, implying stability of the model. We also demonstrate that our dynamic platform is responsive to inflammatory and metabolic cues with resultant permeability coefficients. These results indicate that this novel dynamic platform will be a valuable tool for evaluating the recapitulating BBB function in vitro, screening potential novel therapeutics, and establishing a relevant paradigm to evaluate the pathophysiology of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Bolden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Translational Injury Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Max A Skibber
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miriam Zamorano Rojas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samantha Milewicz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brijesh S Gill
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Translational Injury Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
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Gerardo-Nava JL, Jansen J, Günther D, Klasen L, Thiebes AL, Niessing B, Bergerbit C, Meyer AA, Linkhorst J, Barth M, Akhyari P, Stingl J, Nagel S, Stiehl T, Lampert A, Leube R, Wessling M, Santoro F, Ingebrandt S, Jockenhoevel S, Herrmann A, Fischer H, Wagner W, Schmitt RH, Kiessling F, Kramann R, De Laporte L. Transformative Materials to Create 3D Functional Human Tissue Models In Vitro in a Reproducible Manner. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301030. [PMID: 37311209 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recreating human tissues and organs in the petri dish to establish models as tools in biomedical sciences has gained momentum. These models can provide insight into mechanisms of human physiology, disease onset, and progression, and improve drug target validation, as well as the development of new medical therapeutics. Transformative materials play an important role in this evolution, as they can be programmed to direct cell behavior and fate by controlling the activity of bioactive molecules and material properties. Using nature as an inspiration, scientists are creating materials that incorporate specific biological processes observed during human organogenesis and tissue regeneration. This article presents the reader with state-of-the-art developments in the field of in vitro tissue engineering and the challenges related to the design, production, and translation of these transformative materials. Advances regarding (stem) cell sources, expansion, and differentiation, and how novel responsive materials, automated and large-scale fabrication processes, culture conditions, in situ monitoring systems, and computer simulations are required to create functional human tissue models that are relevant and efficient for drug discovery, are described. This paper illustrates how these different technologies need to converge to generate in vitro life-like human tissue models that provide a platform to answer health-based scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Gerardo-Nava
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Department of Medicine 2, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Günther
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Klasen
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastian Niessing
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstraße 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cédric Bergerbit
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna A Meyer
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - John Linkhorst
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Barth
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia Nagel
- Applied Ethics Group, RWTH Aachen University, Theaterplatz 14, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine - Disease Modeling, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Neurohysiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Neuroelectronic Interfaces Research Group, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 18, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert H Schmitt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstraße 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-boulevard 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Department of Medicine 2, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Laura De Laporte
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Fan H, Cai Q, Qin Z. Measurement and Modeling of Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:080803. [PMID: 37338461 PMCID: PMC10321147 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic regulatory barrier at the interface of blood circulation and the brain parenchyma, which plays a critical role in protecting homeostasis in the central nervous system. However, it also significantly impedes drug delivery to the brain. Understanding the transport across BBB and brain distribution will facilitate the prediction of drug delivery efficiency and the development of new therapies. To date, various methods and models have been developed to study drug transport at the BBB interface, including in vivo brain uptake measurement methods, in vitro BBB models, and mathematic brain vascular models. Since the in vitro BBB models have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, we provide a comprehensive summary of the brain transport mechanisms and the currently available in vivo methods and mathematic models in studying the molecule delivery process at the BBB interface. In particular, we reviewed the emerging in vivo imaging techniques in observing drug transport across the BBB. We discussed the advantages and disadvantages associated with each model to serve as a guide for model selection in studying drug transport across the BBB. In summary, we envision future directions to improve the accuracy of mathematical models, establish noninvasive in vivo measurement techniques, and bridge the preclinical studies with clinical translation by taking the altered BBB physiological conditions into consideration. We believe these are critical in guiding new drug development and precise drug administration in brain disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Qi Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
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Singh S, Agrawal M, Vashist R, Patel RK, Sangave SD, Alexander A. Recent advancements on in vitro blood-brain barrier model: A reliable and efficient screening approach for preclinical and clinical investigation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1839-1857. [PMID: 38100459 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2295940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficiency of brain therapeutics is greatly hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB's protective function, selective permeability, and dynamic functionality maintain the harmony between the brain and peripheral region. Thus, the design of any novel drug carrier system requires the complete study and investigation of BBB permeability, efflux transport, and the effect of associated cellular and non-vascular unit trafficking on BBB penetrability. The in vitro BBB models offer a most promising, and reliable mode of initial investigation of BBB permeability and associated factors as strong evidence for further preclinical and clinical investigation. AREA COVERED This review work covers the structure and functions of BBB components and different types of in vitro BBB models along with factors affecting BBB model development and model selection criteria. EXPERT OPINION In vivo models assume to reciprocate the physiological environment to the maximum extent. However, the interspecies variability, NVUs trafficking, dynamic behavior of BBB, etc., lead to non-reproducible results. The in vitro models are comparatively less complex, and flexible, as per the study design, could generate substantial evidence and help identify suitable in vivo animal model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mahbubnagar, India
| | - Rajat Vashist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Rohit K Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
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Łach A, Wnuk A, Wójtowicz AK. Experimental Models to Study the Functions of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050519. [PMID: 37237588 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to discuss the achievements of in vitro modeling in terms of the blood-brain barrier [BBB] and to create a clear overview of this research area, which is useful in research planning. The text was divided into three main parts. The first part describes the BBB as a functional structure, its constitution, cellular and noncellular components, mechanisms of functioning and importance for the central nervous system, in terms of both protection and nourishment. The second part is an overview of parameters important in terms of establishing and maintaining a barrier phenotype that allows for formulating criteria of evaluation of the BBB in vitro models. The third and last part discusses certain techniques for developing the BBB in vitro models. It describes subsequent research approaches and models, as they underwent change alongside technological advancement. On the one hand, we discuss possibilities and limitations of different research approaches: primary cultures vs. cell lines and monocultures vs. multicultures. On the other hand, we review advantages and disadvantages of specific models, such as models-on-a-chip, 3D models or microfluidic models. We not only attempt to state the usefulness of specific models in different kinds of research on the BBB but also emphasize the significance of this area of research for advancement of neuroscience and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Łach
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wnuk
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Katarzyna Wójtowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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9
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Wu S, Wang J, Liu J, Zhu H, Li R, Wan X, Lei J, Li Y, You C, Hu F, Zhang S, Zhao K, Shu K, Lei T. Programmed cell death 10 increased blood-brain barrier permeability through HMGB1/TLR4 mediated downregulation of endothelial ZO-1 in glioblastoma. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110683. [PMID: 37075875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of blood brain barrier (BBB) contributes to the development of peritumoral edema (PTE) and GBM progression. Programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) exerts various influence on cancers, especially in glioblastoma (GBM). We previously found that PDCD10 expression was positively correlated with PTE extent in GBM. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the emerging role of PDCD10 in regulating BBB permeability in GBM. Here we found that in vitro indirect co-culture of ECs with Pdcd10-overexpressed GL261 cells resulted in a significant increase of FITC-Dextran (MW, 4000) leakage by reducing endothelial zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-5 expression in ECs respectively. Overexpression of Pdcd10 in GBM cells (GL261) triggered an increase of soluble high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release, which in turn activated endothelial toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and downstream NF-κB, Erk1/2 and Akt signaling in ECs through a paracrine manner. Moreover, Pdcd10-overexpressed GL261 cells facilitated a formation of abnormal vasculature and increased the BBB permeability in vivo. Our present study demonstrates that upregulation of PDCD10 in GBM triggered HMGB1/TLR4 signaling in ECs and significantly decreased endothelial ZO-1 expression, which in turn dominantly increased BBB permeability and contributed to tumor progression in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Jingdian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Xueyan Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Jin Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Suojun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
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10
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Gomez-Zepeda D, Perrière N, Glacial F, Taghi M, Chhuon C, Scherrmann JM, Sergent P, Moreau A, Denizot C, Parmentier Y, Cisternino S, Decleves X, Menet MC. Functional and targeted proteomics characterization of a human primary endothelial cell model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for drug permeability studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 465:116456. [PMID: 36918128 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from toxins but hinders the penetration of neurotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, the blood-to-brain permeability of chemotherapeutics must be carefully evaluated. Here, we aimed to establish a workflow to generate primary cultures of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) to study drug brain permeability and bioavailability. Furthermore, we characterized and validated this BBB model in terms of quantitative expression of junction and drug-transport proteins, and drug permeability. We isolated brain microvessels (MVs) and cultured BMVECs from glioma patient biopsies. Then, we employed targeted LC-MS proteomics for absolute protein quantification and immunostaining to characterize protein localization and radiolabeled drugs to predict drug behavior at the Human BBB. The abundance levels of ABC transporters, junction proteins, and cell markers in the cultured BMVECs were similar to the MVs and correctly localized to the cell membrane. Permeability values (entrance and exit) and efflux ratios tested in vitro using the primary BMVECs were within the expected in vivo values. They correctly reflected the transport mechanism for 20 drugs (carbamazepine, diazepam, imipramine, ketoprofen, paracetamol, propranolol, sulfasalazine, terbutaline, warfarin, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, digoxin, indinavir, methotrexate, ofloxacin, azidothymidine (AZT), indomethacin, verapamil, quinidine, and prazosin). We established a human primary in vitro model suitable for studying blood-to-brain drug permeability with a characterized quantitative abundance of transport and junction proteins, and drug permeability profiles, mimicking the human BBB. Our results indicate that this approach could be employed to generate patient-specific BMVEC cultures to evaluate BBB drug permeability and develop personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gomez-Zepeda
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON Mainz), Immunoproteomics unit (D191), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Perrière
- BrainPlotting SAS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Glacial
- BrainPlotting SAS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Meryam Taghi
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Cérina Chhuon
- Université de Paris, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Proteomics Platform Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Scherrmann
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Sergent
- Technologie Servier, Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Orléans, France
| | - Amélie Moreau
- Technologie Servier, Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Orléans, France
| | - Claire Denizot
- Technologie Servier, Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Orléans, France
| | - Yannick Parmentier
- Technologie Servier, Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Orléans, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Decleves
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, UF Biologie du médicament et toxicologie, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France; Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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11
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Angolkar M, Paramshetti S, Halagali P, Jain V, Patil AB, Somanna P. Nanotechnological advancements in the brain tumor therapy: a novel approach. Ther Deliv 2023; 13:531-557. [PMID: 36802944 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2022-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnological advancements over the past few years have led to the development of newer treatment strategies in brain cancer therapy which leads to the establishment of nano oncology. Nanostructures with high specificity, are best suitable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Their desired physicochemical properties, such as small sizes, shape, higher surface area to volume ratio, distinctive structural features, and the possibility to attach various substances on their surface transform them into potential transport carriers able to cross various cellular and tissue barriers, including the BBB. The review emphasizes nanotechnology-based treatment strategies for the exploration of brain tumors and highlights the current progress of different nanomaterials for the effective delivery of drugs for brain tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Praveen Halagali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Amit B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Preethi Somanna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
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12
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Shinde A, Illath K, Kasiviswanathan U, Nagabooshanam S, Gupta P, Dey K, Chakrabarty P, Nagai M, Rao S, Kar S, Santra TS. Recent Advances of Biosensor-Integrated Organ-on-a-Chip Technologies for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3121-3146. [PMID: 36716428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Uvanesh Kasiviswanathan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shalini Nagabooshanam
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Koyel Dey
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pulasta Chakrabarty
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Suresh Rao
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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13
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Experimental Models of In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier for CNS Drug Delivery: An Evolutionary Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032710. [PMID: 36769032 PMCID: PMC9916529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent one of the leading causes of global health burden. Nonetheless, new therapies approved against these disorders are among the lowest compared to their counterparts. The absence of reliable and efficient in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models resembling in vivo barrier properties stands out as a significant roadblock in developing successful therapy for CNS disorders. Therefore, advancement in the creation of robust and sensitive in vitro BBB models for drug screening might allow us to expedite neurological drug development. This review discusses the major in vitro BBB models developed as of now for exploring the barrier properties of the cerebral vasculature. Our main focus is describing existing in vitro models, including the 2D transwell models covering both single-layer and co-culture models, 3D organoid models, and microfluidic models with their construction, permeability measurement, applications, and limitations. Although microfluidic models are better at recapitulating the in vivo properties of BBB than other models, significant gaps still exist for their use in predicting the performance of neurotherapeutics. However, this comprehensive account of in vitro BBB models can be useful for researchers to create improved models in the future.
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14
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Gribkoff VK, Kaczmarek LK. The Difficult Path to the Discovery of Novel Treatments in Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:255-285. [PMID: 36928854 PMCID: PMC10599454 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
CNS diseases, including psychiatric disorders, represent a significant opportunity for the discovery and development of new drugs and therapeutic treatments with the potential to have a significant impact on human health. CNS diseases, however, present particular challenges to therapeutic discovery efforts, and psychiatric diseases/disorders may be among the most difficult. With specific exceptions such as psychostimulants for ADHD, a large number of psychiatric patients are resistant to existing treatments. In addition, clinicians have no way of knowing which psychiatric patients will respond to which drugs. By definition, psychiatric diagnoses are syndromal in nature; determinations of efficacy are often self-reported, and drug discovery is largely model-based. While such models of psychiatric disease are amenable to screening for new drugs, whether cellular or whole-animal based, they have only modest face validity and, more importantly, predictive validity. Multiple academic, pharmaceutical industry, and government agencies are dedicated to the translation of new findings about the neurobiology of major psychiatric disorders into the discovery and advancement of novel therapies. The collaboration of these agencies provide a pathway for developing new therapeutics. These efforts will be greatly helped by recent advances in understanding the genetic bases of psychiatric disorders, the ongoing search for diagnostic and therapy-responsive biomarkers, and the validation of new animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin K Gribkoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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15
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Oka N, Doan VTH, Matsubara H, Imai T, Yoshioka Y, Katsuki J, Fujii S, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Hara H, Sakurai K. Protective effects of alpha-mangostin encapsulated in cyclodextrin-nanoparticle on cerebral ischemia. J Control Release 2023; 353:216-228. [PMID: 36410615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during and after the onset of an ischemic stroke induces neuronal cell death and severely damages brain function. Therefore, reducing ROS by administrating antioxidant compounds is a promising approach to improving ischemic symptoms. Alpha-mangostin (α-M) is an antioxidant compound extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit. Reportedly, α-M decreases neuronal toxicity in primary rat cerebral cortical neurons. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective activity of α-M in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Pretreatment with α-M inhibited excessive cellular ROS production after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro using an SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cell line. In addition, α-M maintained mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressed mitochondrial-specific ROS production induced by OGD/R. Meanwhile, the low bioavailability of α-M due to its poor water solubility has been an insuperable obstruction impeding extensive investigations of the biological functions of α-M and its medical applications. To overcome this problem, we synthesized a cyclodextrin-based nanoparticle (CDNP) that is known to increase the loading efficiency and binding constant of α-M, compared with cyclodextrins themselves. This nano-formulated α-M (α-M/CDNP) was optimized for an in vivo ischemic stroke model. Our results indicated that α-M/CDNP (25 mg/kg/injection) reduced infarct volume and improved neurological behavior (p = 0.036 and p = 0.046, respectively). These in vivo results suggest that α-M appears to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with the help of a nano-formulation with CDNP. Combining an in vitro BBB model and a physicochemical binding assay between α-M and albumin, it is speculated that α-M released from CDNP would interact with albumin during its prolonged circulation in the blood, and the resultant α-M/albumin complex may cross the BBB through the absorptive-mediated transcytosis pathway. These findings suggest the potential clinical application of α-M in ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Oka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Van Thi Hong Doan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsubara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yukie Yoshioka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Jun Katsuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; Lab of Collaborative research for Innovative Drug Discovery, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; Lab of Collaborative research for Innovative Drug Discovery, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan.
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16
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Gupta R, Chauhan A, Kaur T, Kuanr BK, Sharma D. Transmigration of magnetite nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier in a rodent model: influence of external and alternating magnetic fields. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17589-17606. [PMID: 36409463 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in neurology, drug delivery to the central nervous system is considered a challenge due to the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study, the role of magnetic hyperthermia induced by exposure of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) in synergy with an external magnetic field (EMF) was investigated to transiently increase the permeability of the MNPs across the BBB. A dual magnetic targeting approach was employed by first dragging the MNPs by an EMF for an intended enhanced cellular association with the brain endothelial cells and then activating the MNPs by an AMF for the temporary disruption of the tight junctions of BBB. The efficacy of the BBB permeability for the MNPs under the influence of dual magnetic targeting was evaluated in vitro using transwell models developed by co-culturing murine brain endothelial cells with astrocytes, as well as in vivo in mouse models. The in vitro results revealed that the exposure to AMF transiently opened the tight junctions at the BBB, which, after 3 h of treatment, were observed to recover back to their comparable control levels. A biodistribution analysis of nanoparticles confirmed targeted accumulation of MNPs in the brain following dual targeting. This dual targeting approach was observed to open the tight junctions, thus increasing the transport of MNPs into the brain with higher specificity as compared to using EMF targeting alone, suggesting that a dual magnetic targeting-induced transport of MNPs across the BBB is an effective measure for delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Gupta
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India.
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India.
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Tashmeen Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India.
| | - Bijoy K Kuanr
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India.
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17
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Lombardo G, Nettis MA, Hastings C, Zajkowska Z, Mariani N, Nikkheslat N, Worrell C, Enache D, McLaughlin A, Kose M, Bogdanova A, Sforzini L, Cleare AJ, Young AH, Dazzan P, Mondelli V, Pariante CM. Sex differences in a double-blind randomized clinical trial with minocycline in treatment-resistant depressed patients: CRP and IL-6 as sex-specific predictors of treatment response. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100561. [PMID: 36467125 PMCID: PMC9712814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a well-known risk factor for depression. Specifically, patients who do not respond to antidepressant treatment show higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers compared with responders. Thus, several studies have investigated the efficacy of anti-inflammatory add-on treatment in this population. However, major depressive disorder is more prevalent in females than in males, with sex differences present in antidepressant treatment response and in immune system regulation. To explore sex differences in inflammatory profiles and treatment responses, we investigated a cohort of patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD), for which they received an adjunctive, anti-inflammatory treatment with minocycline - the Minocycline in Depression (MINDEP) study. Methods The MINDEP study is a 4-week double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial (stratified by sex) with 39 TRD participants, which demonstrated the efficacy of minocycline, an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory properties, in TRD patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and evidence of low-grade inflammation measured with C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 3 mg/L. In these secondary analyses, we investigated the differential effects of minocycline in females (N = 22, 10 randomised to minocycline and 12 randomised to placebo) and in males (N = 17, 8 randomised to minocycline and 9 randomised to placebo) on changes in depressive symptoms (Δ- Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD)-17), taking also into consideration CRP levels (CRP ≥3 mg/L vs. CRP <3 mg/L). Additionally, we investigated the role of serum IL-6 in predicting treatment response to minocycline, using sex-specific medians of IL-6, in novel exploratory analyses. Results Sex differences in Δ-HAMD-17 indicate that only females (F = 10.49, p = 0.005), but not males (F = 1.64, p = 0.22), presented an effect of CRP levels on the response to minocycline. Also, we detected sex differences in the relationship between serum CRP and IL-6 levels: CRP was strongly correlated with IL-6 in females (Spearman's ρ = 0.658, P < 0.001) but not in males (ρ = 0.007, p = 0.979). Exploratory analyses found that IL-6 was indeed a better predictor of response than minocycline than CRP, as we found an interaction between study arms and IL-6 groups (above and below the IL-6 sex-specific median) in females (F = 4.435 p = 0.050) and, at trend statistical level, in males (F = 4.258 p = 0.060). Moreover, Δ-HAMD-17 was numerically comparable in the two high-IL-6 group taking minocycline (females, mean 9.20 ± SD 7.80; males, mean 8.80 ± SD 5.97), confirming that high IL-6, differently from high CRP, identified responders to minocycline both in males and females. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need of sex-specific inflammatory biomarkers in predicting antidepressant response to anti-inflammatories in TRD patients, with the possibility of CRP being a relevant predictor of treatment response only for females, and IL-6 being relevant for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lombardo
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maria Antonietta Nettis
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caitlin Hastings
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Zuzanna Zajkowska
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nicole Mariani
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Naghmeh Nikkheslat
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Courtney Worrell
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniela Enache
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.,Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna McLaughlin
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Melisa Kose
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Luca Sforzini
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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18
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Correia AC, Monteiro AR, Silva R, Moreira JN, Sousa Lobo JM, Silva AC. Lipid nanoparticles strategies to modify pharmacokinetics of central nervous system targeting drugs: Crossing or circumventing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to manage neurological disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114485. [PMID: 35970274 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The main limitation to the success of central nervous system (CNS) therapies lies in the difficulty for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the brain. Regarding its structure and enzymatic complexity, crossing the BBB is a challenge, although several alternatives have been identified. For instance, the use of drugs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles has been described as one of the most efficient approaches to bypass the BBB, as they allow the passage of drugs through this barrier, improving brain bioavailability. In particular, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have been a focus of research related to drug delivery to the brain. These systems provide protection of lipophilic drugs, improved delivery and bioavailability, having a major impact on treatments outcomes. In addition, the use of lipid nanoparticles administered via routes that transport drugs directly into the brain seems a promising solution to avoid the difficulties in crossing the BBB. For instance, the nose-to-brain route has gained considerable interest, as it has shown efficacy in 3D human nasal models and in animal models. This review addresses the state of the art on the use of lipid nanoparticles to modify the pharmacokinetics of drugs employed in the management of neurological disorders. A description of the structural components of the BBB, the role of the neurovascular unit and limitations for drugs to entry into the CNS is first addressed, along with the developments to increase drug delivery to the brain, with a special focus on lipid nanoparticles. In addition, the obstacle of BBB complexity in the creation of new effective drugs for the treatment of the most prevalent neurological disorders is also addressed. Finally, the proposed strategies for lipid nanoparticles to reach the CNS, crossing or circumventing the BBB, are described. Although promising results have been reported, especially with the nose-to-brain route, they are still ongoing to assess its real efficacy in vivo in the management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Correia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A R Monteiro
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
| | - J N Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J M Sousa Lobo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; FP-I3ID (Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento), FP-BHS (Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249 004 Porto, Portugal.
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19
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Kong Y, Yu X, Peng G, Wang F, Yin Y. Interstitial Fluid Flows along Perivascular and Adventitial Clearances around Neurovascular Bundles. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040172. [PMID: 36278641 PMCID: PMC9624367 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports new phenomena of the interstitial fluid (ISF) microflow along perivascular and adventitial clearances (PAC) around neurovascular bundles. The fluorescent tracing was used to observe the ISF flow along the PAC of neurovascular bundles in 8-10 week old BALB/c mice. The new results include: (1) the topologic structure of the PAC around the neurovascular bundles is revealed; (2) the heart-orientated ISF flow along the PAC is observed; (3) the double-belt ISF flow along the venous adventitial clearance of the PAC is recorded; (4) the waterfall-like ISF flow induced by the small branching vessel or torn fascia along the PAC is discovered. Based on the above new phenomena, this paper approached the following objectives: (1) the kinematic laws of the ISF flow along the PAC around neurovascular bundles are set up; (2) the applicability of the hypothesis on the PAC and its subspaces by numerical simulations are examined. The findings of this paper not only enriched the image of the ISF flow through the body but also explained the kernel structure of the ISF flow (i.e., the PAC). It helps to lay the foundation for the kinematics and dynamics of the ISF flow along the PAC around neurovascular bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiya Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yajun Yin
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (Y.Y.)
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20
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Naveen NR, Girirajasekhar D, Goudanavar PS, Kumar CB, Narasimha GL. Prospection of Microfluidics for Local Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1239-1251. [PMID: 35379132 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220404154710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Significant endeavors can be made to develop effective drug delivery systems. Nowadays, many of these novel systems have gained attention as they focus primarily on increasing the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of several drugs to finally minimize the side effects, thus improving the treatment's efficacy. Microfluidics systems are unquestionably a superior technology, which is currently revolutionizing the current chemical and biological studies, providing diminutive chip-scale devices that offer precise dosage, target-precise delivery, and controlled release. Microfluidic systems have emerged as a promising delivery vehicle owing to their potential for defined handling and transporting of small liquid quantities. The latest microfabrication developments have been made for application to several biological systems. Here, we review the fundamentals of microfluidics and their application for local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimbagal R Naveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar, Karnataka 571448, India
| | | | - Prakash S Goudanavar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Chagaleti B Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Akshaya Institute of Pharmacy, Lingapura, Tumkur, Karnataka 572106, India
| | - Gunturu L Narasimha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, New Boyanapalli, Rajampet, India
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21
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Deepika D, Kumar S, Bravo N, Esplugas R, Capodiferro M, Sharma RP, Schuhmacher M, Grimalt JO, Blanco J, Kumar V. Chlorpyrifos, permethrin and cyfluthrin effect on cell survival, permeability, and tight junction in an in-vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:152-162. [PMID: 36167171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural and functional interface between the plasma and the human brain. Predictive BBB in-vitro models like immortalized human capillary microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC/D3) can be used to explore the BBB disruption potential of daily exposed chemicals. The present study was focused on investigating the human BBB permeation potential of one organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), and two pyrethroids, permethrin (PMT) and cyfluthrin (CFT). HCMEC/D3 cells were exposed to the chemical and the time-dependent pass across BBB along with permeation coefficient (Papp) was calculated. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured for the cells to check the monolayer formation and later to check the reduction in integrity after chemical exposure. Real time PCR was conducted to investigate the effect of chemicals on the expression BBB´s tight and adherens junction proteins. Calculated Papp value for three chemicals was in the following order: CPF>CFT>PMT, where CPF showed the highest permeation coefficient. TEER calculation showed that the integrity decreased after CPF exposure which was in concordance with Papp value whereas for other chemicals, no change in TEER after exposure was observed. In addition, the transwell study showed a higher efflux ratio (ER) (>2) of CFT indicating that CFT could be a substrate for active transport. For CPF and PMT, ER was less than 2, so no active transport seems to be involved. The evaluation of the mRNA expression analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in Occludin (OCLN) gene expression for CPF, VE-Cadherin (CDH5) for PMT and Zonula Occludens (ZO1) expression for CFT. Our study showed that CPF has the highest potential for inducing cell death, higher permeation, and capability to induce BBB dysfunction than among the above-mentioned chemicals. Additionally, the results of the permeation study could be useful to build a human PBPK model using in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Bravo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Esplugas
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marco Capodiferro
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raju Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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22
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Chen YP, Chou CM, Chang TY, Ting H, Dembélé J, Chu YT, Liu TP, Changou CA, Liu CW, Chen CT. Bridging Size and Charge Effects of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier. Front Chem 2022; 10:931584. [PMID: 35880111 PMCID: PMC9307501 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.931584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective cellular barrier that tightly controls the microenvironment of the central nervous system to restrict the passage of substances, which is a primary challenge in delivering therapeutic drugs to treat brain diseases. This study aimed to develop simple surface modifications of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) without external stimuli or receptor protein conjugation, which exhibited a critical surface charge and size allowing them to cross the BBB. A series of MSNs with various charges and two different sizes of 50 and 200 nm were synthesized, which showed a uniform mesoporous structure with various surface zeta potentials ranging from +42.3 to −51.6 mV. Confocal microscopic results showed that 50 nm of strongly negatively charged N4-RMSN50@PEG/THPMP (∼−40 mV) could be significantly observed outside blood vessels of the brain in Tg(zfli1:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos superior to the other negatively charged MSNs. However, very few positively charged MSNs were found in the brain, indicating that negatively charged MSNs could successfully penetrate the BBB. The data were confirmed by high-resolution images of 3D deconvoluted confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy and zebrafish brain tissue sections. In addition, while increasing the size to 200 nm but maintaining the similar negative charge (∼40 mV), MSNs could not be detected in the brain of zebrafish, suggesting that transport across the BBB based on MSNs occurred in charge- and size-dependent manners. No obvious cytotoxicity was observed in the CTX-TNA2 astrocyte cell line and U87-MG glioma cell line treated with MSNs. After doxorubicin (Dox) loading, N4-RMSN50@PEG/THPMP/Dox enabled drug delivery and pH-responsive release. The toxicity assay showed that N4-RMSN50@PEG/THPMP could reduce Dox release, resulting in the increase of the survival rate in zebrafish. Flow cytometry demonstrated N4-RMSN50@PEG/THPMP had few cellular uptakes. Protein corona analysis revealed three transporter proteins, such as afamin, apolipoprotein E, and basigin, could contribute to BBB penetration, validating the possible mechanism of N4-RMSN50@PEG/THPMP crossing the BBB. With this simple approach, MSNs with critical negative charge and size could overcome the BBB-limiting characteristics of therapeutic drug molecules; furthermore, their use may also cause drug sustained-release in the brain, decreasing peripheral toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Chen
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Ting
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julien Dembélé
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Tai Chu
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Pai Liu
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun A. Changou
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Liu
- Department of Information Management, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tsu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chien-Tsu Chen,
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23
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Aazmi A, Zhou H, Lv W, Yu M, Xu X, Yang H, Zhang YS, Ma L. Vascularizing the brain in vitro. iScience 2022; 25:104110. [PMID: 35378862 PMCID: PMC8976127 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is arguably the most fascinating and complex organ in the human body. Recreating the brain in vitro is an ambition restricted by our limited understanding of its structure and interacting elements. One of these interacting parts, the brain microvasculature, is distinguished by a highly selective barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), limiting the transport of substances between the blood and the nervous system. Numerous in vitro models have been used to mimic the BBB and constructed by implementing a variety of microfabrication and microfluidic techniques. However, currently available models still cannot accurately imitate the in vivo characteristics of BBB. In this article, we review recent BBB models by analyzing each parameter affecting the accuracy of these models. Furthermore, we propose an investigation of the synergy between BBB models and neuronal tissue biofabrication, which results in more advanced models, including neurovascular unit microfluidic models and vascularized brain organoid-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongzhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weikang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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24
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Shah B, Dong X. Current Status of In vitro Models of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Curr Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1034-1046. [PMID: 35240972 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220303102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of the brain are the most debilitating situation affected globally with increased mortality rates every year, while brain physiology and cumbersome drug development processes exacerbate this. Although blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its components are important for brain protection, their complexity creates major obstacles for brain drug delivery and the BBB is the primary cause of treatment failure leading to disease progression. Therefore, developing an ideal platform which can predict the behavior of a drug delivery system in the brain at the early development phase is extremely crucial. In this direction, since the last two decades, numerous in vitro BBB models have been developed and investigated by researchers to understand the barrier properties and how closely the in vitro models mimic with in vivo BBB. In-vitro BBB models are mainly culture of endothelial cells or their coculture with other perivascular cells either in two or three-dimensional platforms. In this article, we have briefly summarized the fundamentals of BBB and outlined different types of in vitro BBB models with their pros and cons. Based on the available reports, no model seems to be robust that can truly mimic the entire properties of the in vivo BBB microvasculature. However, human stem cells, coculture and three-dimensional models were found to mimic the complexity of the barrier integrity not completely but more precisely than other in vitro models. More studies aiming towards combining them together would be needed to develop an ideal in vitro model that can overcome the existing limitations and unravel the mysterious BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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25
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Miura S, Morimoto Y, Furihata T, Takeuchi S. Functional analysis of human brain endothelium using a microfluidic device integrating a cell culture insert. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:016103. [PMID: 35308826 PMCID: PMC8912992 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized brain endothelial barrier structure that regulates the highly selective transport of molecules under continuous blood flow. Recently, various types of BBB-on-chip models have been developed to mimic the microenvironmental cues that regulate the human BBB drug transport. However, technical difficulties in complex microfluidic systems limit their accessibility. Here, we propose a simple and easy-to-handle microfluidic device integrated with a cell culture insert to investigate the functional regulation of the human BBB endothelium in response to fluid shear stress (FSS). Using currently established immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC/ci18), we formed a BBB endothelial barrier without the substantial loss of barrier tightness under the relatively low range of FSS (0.1–1 dyn/cm2). Expression levels of key BBB transporters and receptors in the HBMEC/ci18 cells were dynamically changed in response to the FSS, and the effect of FSS reached a plateau around 1 dyn/cm2. Similar responses were observed in the primary HBMECs. Taking advantage of the detachable cell culture insert from the device, the drug efflux activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was analyzed by the bidirectional permeability assay after the perfusion culture of cells. The data revealed that the FSS-stimulated BBB endothelium exhibited the 1.9-fold higher P-gp activity than that of the static culture control. Our microfluidic system coupling with the transwell model provides a functional human BBB endothelium with secured transporter activity, which is useful to investigate the bidirectional transport of drugs and its regulation by FSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Miura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Morimoto
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Alternative Brain Slice-on-a-Chip for Organotypic Culture and Effective Fluorescence Injection Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052549. [PMID: 35269696 PMCID: PMC8910551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse brain slices are one of the most common models to study brain development and functioning, increasing the number of study models that integrate microfluidic systems for hippocampal slice cultures. This report presents an alternative brain slice-on-a-chip, integrating an injection system inside the chip to dispense a fluorescent dye for long-term monitoring. Hippocampal slices have been cultured inside these chips, observing fluorescence signals from living cells, maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the slices. Having fluorescence images of biological samples inside the chip demonstrates the effectiveness of the staining process using the injection method avoiding leaks or biological contamination. The technology developed in this study presents a significant improvement in the local administration of reagents within a brain slice-on-a-chip system, which could be a suitable option for organotypic cultures in a microfluidic chip acting as a highly effective bioreactor.
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27
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Pan C, Gao Q, Kim BS, Han Y, Gao G. The Biofabrication of Diseased Artery In Vitro Models. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020326. [PMID: 35208450 PMCID: PMC8874977 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the leading causes of global death, cardiovascular diseases are generally initiated by artery-related disorders such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and aneurysm. Although clinical treatments have been developed to rescue patients suffering from artery-related disorders, the underlying pathologies of these arterial abnormalities are not fully understood. Biofabrication techniques pave the way to constructing diseased artery in vitro models using human vascular cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules, which are capable of recapitulating arterial pathophysiology with superior performance compared with conventional planar cell culture and experimental animal models. This review discusses the critical elements in the arterial microenvironment which are important considerations for recreating biomimetic human arteries with the desired disorders in vitro. Afterward, conventionally biofabricated platforms for the investigation of arterial diseases are summarized, along with their merits and shortcomings, followed by a comprehensive review of advanced biofabrication techniques and the progress of their applications in establishing diseased artery models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pan
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (C.P.); (Q.G.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Qiqi Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (C.P.); (Q.G.)
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Byoung-Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626841, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Yafeng Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Ge Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (C.P.); (Q.G.)
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (B.-S.K.); (G.G.)
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Simultaneous Determination of Seven Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by LC-MS/MS Method and Its Application to a Transport Study in a Blood-Brain-Barrier Cell Model. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030657. [PMID: 35163922 PMCID: PMC8838936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) has been extensively used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment, the permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) determining its efficacy. However, the transport mechanism of SM components across the BBB remains to be clarified. A simple, precise, and sensitive method using LC-MS/MS was developed for simultaneous quantification of tanshinone I (TS I), dihydrotanshinone I (DTS I), tanshinone IIA (TS IIA), cryptotanshinone (CTS), protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL), protocatechuic acid (PCTA), and caffeic acid (CFA) in transport samples. The analytes were separated on a C18 column by gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray ionization source was used to quantify the analytes in positive mode for TS I, DTS I, TS IIA, CTS, and negative mode for PAL, PCTA, and CFA. The linearity ranges were 0.1–8 ng/mL for TS I and DTS I, 0.2–8 ng/mL for TS IIA, 1–80 ng/mL for CTS, 20–800 ng/mL for PAL and CFA, and 10–4000 ng/mL for PCTA. The developed method was accurate and precise for the compounds. The relative matrix effect was less than 15%, and the analytes were stable for analysis. The established method was successfully applied for transport experiments on a BBB cell model to evaluate the apparent permeability of the seven components.
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Jafari Z, Bigham A, Sadeghi S, Dehdashti SM, Rabiee N, Abedivash A, Bagherzadeh M, Nasseri B, Karimi-Maleh H, Sharifi E, Varma RS, Makvandi P. Nanotechnology-Abetted Astaxanthin Formulations in Multimodel Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2-36. [PMID: 34919379 PMCID: PMC8762669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is one of the most important fat-soluble carotenoids that have abundant and diverse therapeutic applications namely in liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer treatment, protection of the nervous system, protection of the skin and eyes against UV radiation, and boosting the immune system. However, due to its intrinsic reactivity, it is chemically unstable, and therefore, the design and production processes for this compound need to be precisely formulated. Nanoencapsulation is widely applied to protect AXT against degradation during digestion and storage, thus improving its physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects. Nanocarriers are delivery systems with many advantages─ease of surface modification, biocompatibility, and targeted drug delivery and release. This review discusses the technological advancement in nanocarriers for the delivery of AXT through the brain, eyes, and skin, with emphasis on the benefits, limitations, and efficiency in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jafari
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Sahar Sadeghi
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mehdi Dehdashti
- Cellular
and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- Department
of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Alireza Abedivash
- Department
of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources University, 48181-68984 Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advance Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51664 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School
of Resources and Environment, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Avenue, 610054 Chengdu, PR China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology,
Quchan University of Technology, 94771-67335 Quchan, Iran
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus,
2028, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Department
of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical
Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for
Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, viale
Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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30
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In vitro blood brain barrier models: An overview. J Control Release 2022; 343:13-30. [PMID: 35026351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the composition and function of the blood brain barrier (BBB) enables the development of novel, innovative techniques for administering central nervous system (CNS) medications and technologies for improving the existing models. Scientific and methodological interest in the pathology of the BBB resulted in the formation of numerous in vitro BBB models. Once successfully studied and modelled, it would be a valuable tool for elucidating the mechanism of action of the CNS disorders prior to their manifestation and the pathogenic factors. Understanding the rationale behind the selection of the models as well as their working may enable the development of state-of-the-art drugs for treating and managing neurological diseases. Hence, to have realistic simulation of the BBB and test its drug permeability the microfluidics-based BBB-on-Chip model has been developed. To summarise, we aim to evaluate the advanced, newly developed and frequently used in vitro BBB models, thereby providing a brief overview of the components essential for in vitro BBB formation, the methods of chip fabrication and cell culturing, its applications and the recent advances in this technological field. This will be critical for developing CNS treatments with improved BBB penetrability and pharmacokinetic properties.
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31
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Liu T, Chen S, Du J, Xing S, Li R, Li Z. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel (4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-aminoacetamide derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113973. [PMID: 34752955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our previous work, a novel series of (4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-aminoacetamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological evaluations indicated that the derivatives can be used as anti-AD drugs that have multifunctional properties, inhibit the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), inhibit neuroinflammation, have neuroprotective properties, and inhibit the self-aggregation of Aβ. Compound f9 showed good potency in BuChE inhibition (IC50: 1.28 ± 0.18 μM), anti-neuroinflammatory potency (NO, IL-1β, TNF-α; IC50: 0.67 ± 0.14, 1.61 ± 0.21, 4.15 ± 0.44 μM, respectively), and inhibited of Aβ self-aggregation (51.91 ± 3.90%). Preliminary anti-inflammatory mechanism studies indicated that the representative compound f9 blocked the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, f9 exhibited 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, and an inhibitory effect on the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the bi-directional transport assay, f9 displayed proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In addition, the title compound improved memory and cognitive functions in a mouse model induced by scopolamine. Hence, the compound f9 can be considered as a promising lead compound for further investigation in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiyu Du
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Siqi Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Zeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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32
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Miranda-Azpiazu P, Saha S. A Novel Dynamic Human In Vitro Model for Studying the Blood-Brain Barrier. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2492:157-173. [PMID: 35733044 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2289-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Constructing a reliable in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model using human primary cells has been considered a major challenge during the past decades. These systems could provide valuable information regarding the effect of therapeutic compounds on different BBB cell types (endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes) and their ability to cross the barrier in order to reach the brain. Several attempts have been made to develop in vitro BBB models, but these studies mainly used rat, bovine, and porcine cells rather than human primary cells. Genetically modified cell lines have also been used, but they do not appear to maintain physiological properties of the BBB. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for co-culturing and maintaining human brain primary endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes under flow to create an in vitro human BBB model, which can be used for toxicity testing and for studying cross-interaction among different cell types involved in the BBB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Miranda-Azpiazu
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sikha Saha
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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33
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Mehrabian A, Mashreghi M, Dadpour S, Badiee A, Arabi L, Hoda Alavizadeh S, Alia Moosavian S, Reza Jaafari M. Nanocarriers Call the Last Shot in the Treatment of Brain Cancers. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221080974. [PMID: 35253549 PMCID: PMC8905056 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221080974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our brain is protected by physio-biological barriers. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) main mechanism of protection relates to the abundance of tight junctions (TJs) and efflux pumps. Although BBB is crucial for healthy brain protection against toxins, it also leads to failure in a devastating disease like brain cancer. Recently, nanocarriers have been shown to pass through the BBB and improve patients’ survival rates, thus becoming promising treatment strategies. Among nanocarriers, inorganic nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, polymers, micelles, and dendrimers have reached clinical trials after delivering promising results in preclinical investigations. The size of these nanocarriers is between 10 and 1000 nm and is modified by surface attachment of proteins, peptides, antibodies, or surfactants. Multiple research groups have reported transcellular entrance as the main mechanism allowing for these nanocarriers to cross BBB. Transport proteins and transcellular lipophilic pathways exist in BBB for small and lipophilic molecules. Nanocarriers cannot enter via the paracellular route, which is limited to water-soluble agents due to the TJs and their small pore size. There are currently several nanocarriers in clinical trials for the treatment of brain cancer. This article reviews challenges as well as fitting attributes of nanocarriers for brain tumor treatment in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mehrabian
- School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saba Dadpour
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alia Moosavian
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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34
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Mezzasalma SA, Grassi L, Grassi M. Physical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes in view of mechanistic neuroscience investigations. Some outlook from condensed matter, materials science and physical chemistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112480. [PMID: 34857266 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The open border between non-living and living matter, suggested by increasingly emerging fields of nanoscience interfaced to biological systems, requires a detailed knowledge of nanomaterials properties. An account of the wide spectrum of phenomena, belonging to physical chemistry of interfaces, materials science, solid state physics at the nanoscale and bioelectrochemistry, thus is acquainted for a comprehensive application of carbon nanotubes interphased with neuron cells. This review points out a number of conceptual tools to further address the ongoing advances in coupling neuronal networks with (carbon) nanotube meshworks, and to deepen the basic issues that govern a biological cell or tissue interacting with a nanomaterial. Emphasis is given here to the properties and roles of carbon nanotube systems at relevant spatiotemporal scales of individual molecules, junctions and molecular layers, as well as to the point of view of a condensed matter or materials scientist. Carbon nanotube interactions with blood-brain barrier, drug delivery, biocompatibility and functionalization issues are also regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A Mezzasalma
- Ruder Bošković Institute, Materials Physics Division, Bijeniška cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Lund University, IDEON Building, Delta 5, Scheelevägen 19, 223 70 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lucia Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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35
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Huang K, Castiaux A, Podicheti R, Rusch DB, Martin RS, Baker LA. A Hybrid Nanofiber/Paper Cell Culture Platform for Building a 3D Blood-brain Barrier Model. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:2100592. [PMID: 34541301 PMCID: PMC8445000 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system from toxins and pathogens in the blood by regulating permeation of molecules through the barrier interface. In vitro BBB models described to date reproduce some aspects of BBB functionality, but also suffer from incomplete phenotypic expression of brain endothelial traits, difficulty in reproducibility and fabrication, or overall cost. To address these limitations, we describe a three-dimensional (3D) BBB model based on a hybrid paper/nanofiber scaffold. The cell culture platform utilizes lens paper as a framework to accommodate 3D culture of astrocytes. An electrospun nanofiber layer is coated onto one face of the paper to mimic the basement membrane and support growth of an organized two-dimensional layer of endothelial cells (ECs). Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs and astrocytes are co-cultured to develop a human BBB model. Morphological and spatial organization of model are validated with confocal microscopy. Measurements of transendothelial resistance and permeability demonstrate the BBB model develops a high-quality barrier and responds to hyperosmolar treatments. RNA-sequencing shows introduction of astrocytes both regulates EC tight junction proteins and improves endothelial phenotypes related to vasculogenesis. This model shows promise as a model platform for future in vitro studies of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Andre Castiaux
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Additive Manufacturing, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, USA
| | - Ram Podicheti
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University Bloomington, 1001 East Third St., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Douglas B Rusch
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University Bloomington, 1001 East Third St., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Scott Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Additive Manufacturing, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, USA
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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36
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Gericke B, Borsdorf S, Wienböker I, Noack A, Noack S, Löscher W. Similarities and differences in the localization, trafficking, and function of P-glycoprotein in MDR1-EGFP-transduced rat versus human brain capillary endothelial cell lines. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:36. [PMID: 34344390 PMCID: PMC8330100 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro models based on brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) are among the most versatile tools in blood–brain barrier research for testing drug penetration into the brain and how this is affected by efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp). However, compared to freshly isolated brain capillaries or primary BCECs, the expression of Pgp in immortalized BCEC lines is markedly lower, which prompted us previously to transduce the widely used human BCEC line hCMEC/D3 with a doxycycline-inducible MDR1-EGFP fusion plasmid. The EGFP-labeled Pgp in these cells allows studying the localization and trafficking of the transporter and how these processes are affected by drug exposure. Here we used this strategy for the rat BCEC line RBE4 and performed a face-to-face comparison of RBE4 and hCMEC/D3 wild-type (WT) and MDR1-EGFP transduced cells. Methods MDR1-EGFP-transduced variants were derived from WT cells by lentiviral transduction, using an MDR1-linker-EGFP vector. Localization, trafficking, and function of Pgp were compared in WT and MDR1-EGFP transduced cell lines. Primary cultures of rat BCECs and freshly isolated rat brain capillaries were used for comparison. Results All cells exhibited typical BCEC morphology. However, significant differences were observed in the localization of Pgp in that RBE4-MDR1-EGFP cells expressed Pgp primarily at the plasma membrane, whereas in hCMEC/D3 cells, the Pgp-EGFP fusion protein was visible both at the plasma membrane and in endolysosomal vesicles. Exposure to doxorubicin increased the number of Pgp-EGFP-positive endolysosomes, indicating a lysosomotropic effect. Furthermore, lysosomal trapping of doxorubicin was observed, likely contributing to the protection of the cell nucleus from damage. In cocultures of WT and MDR1-EGFP transduced cells, intercellular Pgp-EGFP trafficking was observed in RBE4 cells as previously reported for hCMEC/D3 cells. Compared to WT cells, the MDR1-EGFP transduced cells exhibited a significantly higher expression and function of Pgp. However, the junctional tightness of WT and MDR1-EGFP transduced RBE4 and hCMEC/D3 cells was markedly lower than that of primary BCECs, excluding the use of the cell lines for studying vectorial drug transport. Conclusions The present data indicate that MDR1-EGFP transduced RBE4 cells are an interesting tool to study the biogenesis of lysosomes and Pgp-mediated lysosomal drug trapping in response to chemotherapeutic agents and other compounds at the level of the blood–brain barrier. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-021-00266-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Saskia Borsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inka Wienböker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Noack
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Noack
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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37
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Guntner AS, Buchberger W, Hosmann A, Mercea PA, Koren J, Reinprecht A, Zeitlinger M, Herta J. Quantitative analysis of human brain microdialysate for target site pharmacokinetics of major anesthetics ketamine, midazolam and propofol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114289. [PMID: 34365190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain microdialysis samples of intensive care patients treated with the essential anesthetics ketamine, midazolam and propofol were investigated. Importantly, despite decades of clinical use, comprehensive human cerebral pharmacokinetic data of these drugs is still missing. To encounter this apparent lack of knowledge, we combined cerebral microdialysis with leading-edge analytical instrumentation to monitor the neurochemistry of living human patients. For the quantitative analysis, high performing analytical approaches were developed that can handle minute sample volumes and possible ultralow target analyte levels. The developed methods provided detection limits below 100 ng L-1 for all target analytes and high precision (below 4% RSD intraday). Methods were linear between LODs and 100 μg L-1 for ketamine, 75 μg L-1 for midazolam and 10 μg L-1 for propofol respectively, with coefficients of determination R2≥ 0.999. Further, being aware of the error-prone and demanding translation of microdialysis levels to interstitial concentrations, in vitro approaches for recovery testing of microdialysis probes as well as internal normalization approaches were conducted. Thus, we herein report the first cerebral pharmacokinetic data of ketamine, midazolam and propofol determined in microdialysis samples of 15 neurointensive care patients. We could prove blood-brain barrier penetration of all of the investigated anesthetics and could correlate applied dosages and actual brain exposition of ketamine. However, we emphasize the need of an expanded prospective study including individual microdialysis recovery testing as well as matched serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid collection for a more comprehensive cerebral pharmacokinetic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Buchberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Arthur Hosmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Koren
- Department of Neurology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Reinprecht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Herta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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38
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SZR-104, a Novel Kynurenic Acid Analogue with High Permeability through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010061. [PMID: 33466551 PMCID: PMC7824826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By being an antagonist of glutamate and other receptors, kynurenic acid serves as an endogenous neuroprotectant in several pathologies of the brain. Unfortunately, systemic administration of kynurenic acid is hindered by its low permeability through the blood–brain barrier. One possibility to overcome this problem is to use analogues with similar biological activity as kynurenic acid, but with an increased permeability through the blood–brain barrier. We synthesized six novel aminoalkylated amide derivatives of kynurenic acid, among which SZR-104 (N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-3-(morpholinomethyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxamide) proved to have the highest permeability through an in vitro blood–brain barrier model. In addition, permeability of SZR-104 was significantly higher than that of kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid and 39B, a quinolone derivative/xanthurenic acid analogue. Since peripherally administered SZR-104 is able to inhibit epileptiform activity in the brain, we conclude that SZR-104 is a promising kynurenic acid analogue with good penetrability into the central nervous system.
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Nozohouri S, Noorani B, Al-Ahmad A, Abbruscato TJ. Estimating Brain Permeability Using In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2367:47-72. [PMID: 32789777 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2020_311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vital biological interface that regulates transfer of different molecules between blood and brain and, therefore, maintains the homeostatic environment of the CNS. In order to perform high-throughput screening of therapeutics in drug discovery, specific properties of the BBB are investigated within in vitro BBB platforms. In this chapter, we detail the process and steps for the iPSC to BMEC and astrocyte differentiation as well as TEER and permeability measurement in Transwell platform of in vitro BBB model. Also, advanced microfluidic iPSCs-derived BMECs on chip and permeability measurement within this model have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Behnam Noorani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Abraham Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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Wang M, Liu T, Chen S, Wu M, Han J, Li Z. Design and synthesis of 3-(4-pyridyl)-5-(4-sulfamido-phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as novel GSK-3β inhibitors and evaluation of their potential as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112874. [PMID: 33017743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic intervention has prominent advantages for complex pathomechanisms, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a series of novel 3-(4-pyridyl)-5-(4- sulfamido-phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized following the multitarget-directed ligand-based strategy. All compounds were evaluated for glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibition and antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Given that abnormal glucose metabolism plays an important role in AD occurrence and development, the effects of all compounds on glucose consumption in HepG2 cells was evaluated. Compounds 5e and 10b showed good dual potency in GSK-3β inhibition (IC50: 5e = 1.52 μM, 10b = 0.19 μM) and antineuroinflammatory potency (IC50: 5e = 0.47 ± 0.64 μM, 10b = 6.94 ± 2.33 μM). The effect of compound 10b on glucose consumption was higher than that of positive drug metformin. These compounds exerted a certain neuroprotective effect. Compound 10b dramatically reduced Aβ-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation, thus inhibiting GSK-3β at the cellular level. Notably, compounds 5e and 10b exhibited good inhibitory effects on the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, these compounds displayed proper blood-brain barrier permeability and lacked neurotoxicity up to 50 μM concentration. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that compound 10b improved cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced mouse models. Results indicated that compound 10b deserves further study as a multifunctional lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Mingfei Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jianfei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Feng Z, Cao J, Zhang Q, Lin L. The drug likeness analysis of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids. Chin Med 2020; 15:126. [PMID: 33298100 PMCID: PMC7727157 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an active defense response of the body against external stimuli. Long term low-grade inflammation has been considered as a deteriorated factor for aging, cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. The clinically used glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not suitable for chronic inflammation. Therefore, it's urgent to discover and develop new effective and safe drugs to attenuate inflammation. Clerodane diterpenoids, a class of bicyclic diterpenoids, are widely distributed in plants of the Labiatae, Euphorbiaceae and Verbenaceae families, as well as fungi, bacteria, and marine sponges. Dozens of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids have been identified on different assays, both in vitro and in vivo. In the current review, the up-to-date research progresses of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids were summarized, and their druglikeness was analyzed, which provided the possibility for further development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China.
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Gräfe C, Müller EK, Gresing L, Weidner A, Radon P, Friedrich RP, Alexiou C, Wiekhorst F, Dutz S, Clement JH. Magnetic hybrid materials interact with biological matrices. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Magnetic hybrid materials are a promising group of substances. Their interaction with matrices is challenging with regard to the underlying physical and chemical mechanisms. But thinking matrices as biological membranes or even structured cell layers they become interesting with regard to potential biomedical applications. Therefore, we established in vitro blood-organ barrier models to study the interaction and processing of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with these cellular structures in the presence of a magnetic field gradient. A one-cell-type–based blood-brain barrier model was used to investigate the attachment and uptake mechanisms of differentially charged magnetic hybrid materials. Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis and F-actin depolymerization led to a dramatic reduction of cellular uptake. Furthermore, the subsequent transportation of SPIONs through the barrier and the ability to detect these particles was of interest. Negatively charged SPIONs could be detected behind the barrier as well as in a reporter cell line. These observations could be confirmed with a two-cell-type–based blood-placenta barrier model. While positively charged SPIONs heavily interact with the apical cell layer, neutrally charged SPIONs showed a retarded interaction behavior. Behind the blood-placenta barrier, negatively charged SPIONs could be clearly detected. Finally, the transfer of the in vitro blood-placenta model in a microfluidic biochip allows the integration of shear stress into the system. Even without particle accumulation in a magnetic field gradient, the negatively charged SPIONs were detectable behind the barrier. In conclusion, in vitro blood-organ barrier models allow the broad investigation of magnetic hybrid materials with regard to biocompatibility, cell interaction, and transfer through cell layers on their way to biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gräfe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Medical Oncology , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Elena K. Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Medical Oncology , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Lennart Gresing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Medical Oncology , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Andreas Weidner
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau , Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Patricia Radon
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt , Berlin , Germany
| | - Ralf P. Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON) , Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON) , Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | | | - Silvio Dutz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau , Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Joachim H. Clement
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Medical Oncology , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
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Talhami A, Swed A, Hess S, Ovadia O, Greenberg S, Schumacher-Klinger A, Rosenthal D, Shalev DE, Hurevich M, Lazarovici P, Hoffman A, Gilon C. Cyclizing Painkillers: Development of Backbone-Cyclic TAPS Analogs. Front Chem 2020; 8:532577. [PMID: 33282822 PMCID: PMC7689096 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.532577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Painkillers are commonly used medications. Native peptide painkillers suffer from various pharmacological disadvantages, while small molecule painkillers like morphine are highly addictive. We present a general approach aimed to use backbone-cyclization to develop a peptidomimetic painkiller. Backbone-cyclization was applied to transform the linear peptide Tyr-Arg-Phe-Sar (TAPS) into an active backbone-cyclic peptide with improved drug properties. We designed and synthesized a focused backbone-cyclic TAPS library with conformational diversity, in which the members of the library have the generic name TAPS c(n-m) where n and m represent the lengths of the alkyl chains on the nitrogens of Gly and Arg, respectively. We used a combined screening approach to evaluate the pharmacological properties and the potency of the TAPS c(n-m) library. We focused on an in vivo active compound, TAPS c(2-6), which is metabolically stable and has the potential to become a peripheral painkiller being a full μ opioid receptor functional agonist. To prepare a large quantity of TAPS c(2-6), we optimized the conditions of the on-resin reductive alkylation step to increase the efficiency of its SPPS. NMR was used to determine the solution conformation of the peptide lead TAPS c(2-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Talhami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Swed
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shmuel Hess
- Meytav Technologies Incubator, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Oded Ovadia
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarit Greenberg
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Schumacher-Klinger
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Rosenthal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah E Shalev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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García-Salvador A, Domínguez-Monedero A, Gómez-Fernández P, García-Bilbao A, Carregal-Romero S, Castilla J, Goñi-de-Cerio F. Evaluation of the Influence of Astrocytes on In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models. Altern Lab Anim 2020; 48:184-200. [PMID: 33136430 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920966954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are a useful tool to screen the permeability and toxicity of new drugs. Currently, many different in vitro BBB models coexist, but none stands out as being notably better than the rest. Therefore, there is still a need to evaluate the quality of BBB models under various conditions and assess their ability to mimic the in vivo situation. In this study, two brain endothelial cell lines (bEnd.3 and hCMEC/D3) and two epithelial-like cell lines (MDCKII and Caco-2) were selected for BBB modelling purposes. They were grown as monolayers of a single cell type, under the following conditions: in coculture with either primary or immortalised astrocytes; or in the presence of primary or immortalised astrocyte-derived conditioned media. A total of 20 different BBB models were established in this manner, in order to assess the effects of the astroglial components on the BBB phenotype in each case. To this end, six parameters were studied: the expression of selected tight junction proteins; the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase and of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; the transendothelial/transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); restriction in paracellular transport; and efflux transporter inhibition were each evaluated and correlated. The results showed that coculturing with either primary or immortalised astrocytes led to a general improvement in all parameters studied, evidencing the contribution of this cell type to effective BBB formation. Furthermore, the permeability coefficient (P e) of the tracer molecule, Lucifer Yellow, correlated with three of the six parameters studied. In addition, this study highlights the potential for the use of the Lucifer Yellow P e value as an indicator of barrier integrity in in vitro BBB models, which could be useful for screening the permeability of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián García-Salvador
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alazne Domínguez-Monedero
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Paloma Gómez-Fernández
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Amaia García-Bilbao
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Susana Carregal-Romero
- Molecular and Functional Biomarkers Group, 90216CIC biomaGUNE (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- 73038CIC bioGUNE (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
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45
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Evaluation of hepatic drug-metabolism for glioblastoma using liver-brain chip. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:383-392. [PMID: 33145669 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most aggressive and highly fatal diseases with an extremely poor prognosis. Considering the poor clinical response to therapy in glioma, it is urgent to establish an in vitro model to facilitate the screening and assessment of anti-brain-tumor drugs. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), as well as liver metabolism plays an important role in determining the pharmacological activity of many anti-brain-tumor drugs. In this work, we designed a multi-interface liver-brain chip integrating co-culture system to assess hepatic metabolism dependent cytotoxicity of anti-brain-tumor drug in vitro. This microdevice composed of three microchannels which were separated by porous membrane and collagen. HepG2 and U87 cells were cultured in separated channels as mimics of liver and glioblastoma. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECS) and cerebral astrocytes were co-cultured on collagen to mimic the brain microvascular endothelial barrier. Three common anti-tumor drugs, paclitaxel (PTX), capecitabine (CAP) and temozolomide (TMZ), were evaluated on this chip. In integrated liver-brain chip, liver enhanced the cytotoxicity of CAP on U87 cells by 30%, but having no significant effect on TMZ. The BBB decreased the cytotoxicity of PTX by 20%, while no significant effects were observed on TMZ and CAP, indicating the importance of liver metabolism and blood-brain barrier on the evaluation of anti-brain-tumor drugs. This work provides a biomimetic liver-brain model to mimic the physiological and pharmacological processes in vitro and presents a simple platform for long-term cell co-culture, drug delivery and metabolism, and real-time analysis of drug effects on brain cancer.
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Özyurt MG, Bayir E, DoĞan Ş, ÖztÜrk Ş, Şendemİr A. Coculture model of blood-brain barrier on electrospun nanofibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:121-132. [PMID: 32922120 PMCID: PMC7478137 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1908-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a control mechanism that limits the diffusion of many substances to the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we designed an in-vitro 3-dimensional BBB system to obtain a fast and reliable model to mimic drug delivery characteristics of the CNS. A support membrane of polycaprolactone nanofiber surfaces was prepared using electrospinning. After confirming the fiber morphology and size, endothelial cells (HUVEC) and glial cells were cultured on either side of this membrane. The model’s similarity to in vivo physiology was tested with a home-designed transmembrane resistance (TR) device, with positive and negative control molecules. Finally, 2 doses of methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapy agent, were applied to the model, and its permeability through the model was determined indirectly by a vitality test on the MCF-7 cell line. Nicotine, the positive control, completed its penetration through the model almost instantly, while albumin, the negative control, was blocked significantly even after 2 days. MTX reached a deadly threshold 24 h after application. The TR value of the model was promising, being around 260 ohm.cm2. The provided model proposes a disposable and reliable tool for investigating drug permeability through the BBB and has the potential to reduce the number of animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Görkem Özyurt
- School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul Turkey.,Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ece Bayir
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, İzmir Turkey
| | - Şule DoĞan
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Şükrü ÖztÜrk
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara Turkey
| | - Aylin Şendemİr
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir Turkey.,Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, İzmir Turkey
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Wen X, Li S, Guo M, Liao H, Chen Y, Kuang X, Liao X, Ma L, Li Q. miR-181a-5p inhibits the proliferation and invasion of drug-resistant glioblastoma cells by targeting F-box protein 11 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32968457 PMCID: PMC7500031 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary tumor in the human central nervous system. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism by which microRNA (miR)-181a-5p targets the F-box protein 11 (FBXO11) in glioma cells to inhibit cell proliferation and invasion. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of miR-181a-5p in U251TR cells, U251 cells, primary GBM tissues and relapsed GBM tissues in order to determine the association between miR-181a-5p and the chemoresistance of GBM cells. The expression levels of miR-181a-5p in GBM cells were modulated via transfecting miR-181a-5p mimics and inhibitors. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were undertaken to assess the effects of miR-181a-5p on drug sensitivity and proliferation of GBM cells. Wound healing assays were performed to examine the effects of miR-181a-5p on the migratory ability of GBM cells. Furthermore, the effects of miR-181a-5p on the invasive ability of GBM cells were analyzed using an in vitro invasion assay. Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to determine whether overexpression of miR-181a-5p can promote the apoptotic rate of GBM cells. RT-qPCR and western blotting were employed to detect the effects of miR-181a-5p on mRNA and protein expression of FBX011. miR-181a-5p exhibited low expression in resistant GBM cell lines and recurrent tumor tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were utilized to detect luciferase activity to verify the targeted regulatory association between miR-181a-5p and FBXO11. Upregulation of miR-181a-5p promoted the sensitivity of GBM cells to temozolomide (TMZ), increased the apoptotic rate of GBM cells and significantly inhibited the invasive and migratory capacities of GBM cells. In drug-resistant glioma cells, compared with the miR-negative control group and the blank group, the expression of miR-181a-5p was significantly upregulated (P<0.01), while the expression of FBXO11 protein was downregulated. miR-181a-5p increased the sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ. miR-181a-5p significantly inhibited the migratory and invasive capacities of GBM cells. miR-181a-5p may become a novel effective target for the treatment of GBM. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-181a-5p could target the 3′-untranslated region of FBXO11. The underlying mechanism may be targeted inhibition of FBXO11 gene expression, or may be associated with apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Songrong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Mengchan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhan Liao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Yongmin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Xi Kuang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
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Dos Santos Rodrigues B, Lakkadwala S, Kanekiyo T, Singh J. Dual-Modified Liposome for Targeted and Enhanced Gene Delivery into Mice Brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:354-365. [PMID: 32561686 PMCID: PMC7430450 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neuropharmaceutical gene delivery systems requires strategies to obtain efficient and effective brain targeting as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. A brain-targeted gene delivery system based on a transferrin (Tf) and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) dual-functionalized liposome, CPP-Tf-liposome, was designed and investigated for crossing BBB and permeating into the brain. We selected three sequences of CPPs [melittin, Kaposi fibroblast growth factor (kFGF), and penetration accelerating sequence-R8] and compared their ability to internalize into the cells and, subsequently, improve the transfection efficiency. Study of intracellular uptake indicated that liposomal penetration into bEnd.3 cells, primary astrocytes, and primary neurons occurred through multiple endocytosis pathways and surface modification with Tf and CPP enhanced the transfection efficiency of the nanoparticles. A coculture in vitro BBB model reproducing the in vivo anatomophysiological complexity of the biologic barrier was developed to characterize the penetrating properties of these designed liposomes. The dual-functionalized liposomes effectively crossed the in vitro barrier model followed by transfecting primary neurons. Liposome tissue distribution in vivo indicated superior ability of kFGF-Tf-liposomes to overcome BBB and reach brain of the mice after single intravenous administration. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using strategically designed liposomes by combining Tf receptor targeting with enhanced cell penetration as a potential brain gene delivery vector. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Rational synthesis of efficient brain-targeted gene carrier included modification of liposomes with a target-specific ligand, transferrin, and with cell-penetrating peptide to enhance cellular internalization. Our study used an in vitro triple coculture blood-brain barrier (BBB) model as a tool to characterize the permeability across BBB and functionality of designed liposomes prior to in vivo biodistribution studies. Our study demonstrated that rational design and characterization of BBB permeability are efficient strategies for development of brain-targeted gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota (B.S.R., S.L., J.S.) and Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (T.K.)
| | - Sushant Lakkadwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota (B.S.R., S.L., J.S.) and Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (T.K.)
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota (B.S.R., S.L., J.S.) and Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (T.K.)
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota (B.S.R., S.L., J.S.) and Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (T.K.)
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Gericke B, Römermann K, Noack A, Noack S, Kronenberg J, Blasig IE, Löscher W. A face-to-face comparison of claudin-5 transduced human brain endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cells with porcine brain endothelial cells as blood-brain barrier models for drug transport studies. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:53. [PMID: 32843059 PMCID: PMC7449095 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive in vitro models of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) are essential in early drug discovery and development. Among available immortalized human brain capillary endothelial cell lines (BCECs), the hCMEC/D3 cell line has become the most widely used in vitro BBB model. However, monolayers of hCMEC/D3 cells form only moderately restrictive barriers, most likely because the major tight junction protein, claudin-5, is markedly downregulated. Thus, hCMEC/D3 monolayers cannot be used for vectorial drug transport experiments, which is a major disadvantage of this model. METHODS Here we transduced hCMEC/D3 cells with a claudin-5 plasmid and compared the characteristics of these cells with those of hCMEC/D3 wildtype cells and primary cultured porcine BCECs. RESULTS The claudin-5 transduced hCMEC/D3 exhibited expression levels (and junctional localization) of claudin-5 similar to those of primary cultured porcine BCECs. The transduced cells exhibited increased TEER values (211 Ω cm2) and reduced paracellular mannitol permeability (8.06%/h), indicating improved BBB properties; however, the barrier properties of porcine BCECs (TEER 1650 Ω cm2; mannitol permeability 3.95%/h) were not reached. Hence, vectorial transport of a selective P-glycoprotein substrate (N-desmethyl-loperamide) was not observed in claudin-5 transduced hCMEC/D3 (or wildtype) cells, whereas such drug transport occurred in porcine BCECs. CONCLUSIONS The claudin-5 transduced hCMEC/D3 cells provide a tool to studying the contribution of claudin-5 to barrier tightness and how this can be further enhanced by additional transfections or other manipulations of this widely used in vitro model of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Römermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Noack
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Noack
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Kronenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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Zakharova M, Palma do Carmo MA, van der Helm MW, Le-The H, de Graaf MNS, Orlova V, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD, Broersen K, Segerink LI. Multiplexed blood-brain barrier organ-on-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3132-3143. [PMID: 32756644 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip devices are intensively studied in academia and industry due to their high potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. However, most of the existing organ-on-chip models focus on proof of concept of individual functional units without the possibility of testing multiple experimental stimuli in parallel. Here we developed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multiplexed chip with eight parallel channels branching from a common access port through which all eight channels can be addressed simultaneously without the need for extra pipetting steps thus increasing the reproducibility of the experimental results. At the same time, eight outlets provide individual entry to each channel with the opportunity to create eight different experimental conditions. A multiplexed chip can be assembled as a one-layer device for studying monocultures or as a two-layer device for studying barrier tissue functions. For a two-layer device, a ∼2 μm thick transparent PDMS membrane with 5 μm through-hole pores was fabricated in-house using a soft lithography technique, thereby allowing visual inspection of the cell-culture in real-time. The functionality of the chip was studied by recapitulating the blood-brain barrier. For this, human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were cultured in mono- or coculture with human astrocytes. Immunostaining revealed a cellular monolayer with the expression of tight junction ZO-1 and adherence junction VE-cadherin proteins in endothelial cells as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, multiplexed permeability studies of molecule passage through the cellular barrier exhibited expected high permeability coefficients for smaller molecules (4 kDa FITC-dextran) whereas larger molecules (20 kDa) crossed the barrier at a lower rate. With these results, we show that our device can be used as an organ-on-chip model for future multiplexed drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zakharova
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - M A Palma do Carmo
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - M W van der Helm
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - H Le-The
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands. and Physics of Fluids, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - M N S de Graaf
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - A D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - K Broersen
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - L I Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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