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Soroudi S, Jaafari MR, Arabi L. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mediated mRNA delivery in cardiovascular diseases: Advances in genome editing and CAR T cell therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:113-140. [PMID: 38876358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality among non-communicable diseases. Current cardiac regeneration treatments have limitations and may lead to adverse reactions. Hence, innovative technologies are needed to address these shortcomings. Messenger RNA (mRNA) emerges as a promising therapeutic agent due to its versatility in encoding therapeutic proteins and targeting "undruggable" conditions. It offers low toxicity, high transfection efficiency, and controlled protein production without genome insertion or mutagenesis risk. However, mRNA faces challenges such as immunogenicity, instability, and difficulty in cellular entry and endosomal escape, hindering its clinical application. To overcome these hurdles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), notably used in COVID-19 vaccines, have a great potential to deliver mRNA therapeutics for CVDs. This review highlights recent progress in mRNA-LNP therapies for CVDs, including Myocardial Infarction (MI), Heart Failure (HF), and hypercholesterolemia. In addition, LNP-mediated mRNA delivery for CAR T-cell therapy and CRISPR/Cas genome editing in CVDs and the related clinical trials are explored. To enhance the efficiency, safety, and clinical translation of mRNA-LNPs, advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AGILE platform) in RNA structure design, and optimization of LNP formulation could be integrated. We conclude that the strategies to facilitate the extra-hepatic delivery and targeted organ tropism of mRNA-LNPs (SORT, ASSET, SMRT, and barcoded LNPs) hold great prospects to accelerate the development and translation of mRNA-LNPs in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soroudi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Maeki M, Kimura N, Okada Y, Shimizu K, Shibata K, Miyazaki Y, Ishida A, Yonezawa K, Shimizu N, Shinoda W, Tokeshi M. Understanding the effects of ethanol on the liposome bilayer structure using microfluidic-based time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2166-2176. [PMID: 38633055 PMCID: PMC11019499 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01073b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are essential carrier particles in drug delivery systems, particularly in ribonucleic acid delivery. In preparing lipid-based nanoparticles, microfluidic-based ethanol injection may produce precisely size-controlled nanoparticles. Ethanol is critical in LNP formation and post-treatment processes and affects liposome size, structure, lamellarity, and drug-loading efficiency. However, the effects of time-dependent changes in the ethanol concentration on the structural dynamics of liposomes are not clearly understood. Herein, we investigated ethanol-induced lipid bilayer changes in liposomes on a time scale from microseconds to tens of seconds using a microfluidic-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurement system coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The time-resolved SAXS measurement system revealed that single unilamellar liposomes were converted to multilamellar liposomes within 0.8 s of contact with ethanol, and the d-spacing was decreased from 6.1 (w/o ethanol) to 4.4 nm (80% ethanol) with increasing ethanol concentration. We conducted 1 μs MD simulations to understand the molecular-level structural changes in the liposomes. The MD simulations revealed that the changes in the lamellar structure caused by ethanol at the molecular level could explain the structural changes in the liposomes observed via time-resolved SAXS. Therefore, the post-treatment process to remove residual ethanol is critical in liposome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Maeki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6773 +81-11-706-6744
- JST PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Niko Kimura
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Yuto Okada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kazuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kana Shibata
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6773 +81-11-706-6744
| | - Kento Yonezawa
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6773 +81-11-706-6744
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Ding Y, Zhao T, Fang J, Song J, Dong H, Liu J, Li S, Zhao M. Recent developments in the use of nanocrystals to improve bioavailability of APIs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1958. [PMID: 38629192 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystals refer to materials with at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm, composing of atoms arranged in single crystals or polycrystals. Nanocrystals have significant research value as they offer unique advantages over conventional pharmaceutical formulations, such as high bioavailability, enhanced targeting selectivity and controlled release ability and are therefore suitable for the delivery of a wide range of drugs such as insoluble drugs, antitumor drugs and genetic drugs with broad application prospects. In recent years, research on nanocrystals has been progressively refined and new products have been launched or entered the clinical phase of studies. However, issues such as safety and stability still stand that need to be addressed for further development of nanocrystal formulations, and significant gaps do exist in research in various fields in this pharmaceutical arena. This paper presents a systematic overview of the advanced development of nanocrystals, ranging from the preparation approaches of nanocrystals with which the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is improved, critical properties of nanocrystals and associated characterization techniques, the recent development of nanocrystals with different administration routes, the advantages and associated limitations of nanocrystal formulations, the mechanisms of physical instability, and the enhanced dissolution performance, to the future perspectives, with a final view to shed more light on the future development of nanocrystals as a means of optimizing the bioavailability of drug candidates. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Ding
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tongyi Zhao
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianing Fang
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiexin Song
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haobo Dong
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijin Li
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Min Zhao
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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4
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Escalona-Rayo O, Papadopoulou P, Slütter B, Kros A. Biological recognition and cellular trafficking of targeted RNA-lipid nanoparticles. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103041. [PMID: 38154322 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have unlocked the potential of ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics and vaccines. Production and large-scale manufacturing methods for RNA-LNPs have been established and rapidly accelerate. Despite this, basic research on LNPs is still required, due to their high assembly complexity and fairly new development, including research on lipid organization, transfection optimization, and in vivo behavior. Understanding fundamental aspects of LNPs that is, how lipid composition and physicochemical properties affect their biodistribution, cell recognition, and transfection, could propel their clinical development and facilitate overcoming current challenges. Herein, we review recent developments in the field of LNP technology and summarize the main findings focusing on nano-bio interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Escalona-Rayo
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Panagiota Papadopoulou
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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5
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Clemente B, Denis M, Silveira CP, Schiavetti F, Brazzoli M, Stranges D. Straight to the point: targeted mRNA-delivery to immune cells for improved vaccine design. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294929. [PMID: 38090568 PMCID: PMC10711611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the deepening of our understanding of adaptive immunity at the cellular and molecular level, targeting antigens directly to immune cells has proven to be a successful strategy to develop innovative and potent vaccines. Indeed, it offers the potential to increase vaccine potency and/or modulate immune response quality while reducing off-target effects. With mRNA-vaccines establishing themselves as a versatile technology for future applications, in the last years several approaches have been explored to target nanoparticles-enabled mRNA-delivery systems to immune cells, with a focus on dendritic cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells and key mediators of B- and T-cell immunity, and therefore considered as an ideal target for cell-specific antigen delivery. Indeed, improved potency of DC-targeted vaccines has been proved in vitro and in vivo. This review discusses the potential specific targets for immune system-directed mRNA delivery, as well as the different targeting ligand classes and delivery systems used for this purpose.
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6
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Lin Y, Cheng Q, Wei T. Surface engineering of lipid nanoparticles: targeted nucleic acid delivery and beyond. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:255-278. [PMID: 38516300 PMCID: PMC10951480 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Harnessing surface engineering strategies to functionalize nucleic acid-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for improved performance has been a hot research topic since the approval of the first siRNA drug, patisiran, and two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. Currently, efforts have been mainly made to construct targeted LNPs for organ- or cell-type-specific delivery of nucleic acid drugs by conjugation with various types of ligands. In this review, we describe the surface engineering strategies for nucleic acid-LNPs, considering ligand types, conjugation chemistries, and incorporation methods. We then outline the general purification and characterization techniques that are frequently used following the engineering step and emphasize the specific techniques for certain types of ligands. Next, we comprehensively summarize the currently accessible organs and cell types, as well as the other applications of the engineered LNPs. Finally, we provide considerations for formulating targeted LNPs and discuss the challenges of successfully translating the "proof of concept" from the laboratory into the clinic. We believe that addressing these challenges could accelerate the development of surface-engineered LNPs for targeted nucleic acid delivery and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Lee Y, Jeong M, Park J, Jung H, Lee H. Immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles and its impact on the efficacy of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2085-2096. [PMID: 37779140 PMCID: PMC10618257 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have utilized a lipid nanoparticle delivery system to enhance the effectiveness of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. However, these nanoparticles are recognized as foreign materials by the body and stimulate innate immunity, which in turn impacts adaptive immunity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the specific type of innate immune response triggered by lipid nanoparticles. This article provides an overview of the immunological response in the body, explores how lipid nanoparticles activate the innate immune system, and examines the adverse effects and immunogenicity-related development pathways associated with these nanoparticles. Finally, we highlight and explore strategies for regulating the immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Michaela Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyein Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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8
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Bepperling A, Richter G. Determination of mRNA copy number in degradable lipid nanoparticles via density contrast analytical ultracentrifugation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2023; 52:393-400. [PMID: 37289289 PMCID: PMC10248324 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles as delivery system for mRNA have recently attracted attention to a broader audience as COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Their low immunogenicity and capability to deliver a variety of nucleic acids renders them an interesting and complementary alternative to gene therapy vectors like AAVs. An important quality attribute of LNPs is the copy number of the encapsulated cargo molecule. This work describes how density and molecular weight distributions obtained by density contrast sedimentation velocity can be used to calculate the mRNA copy number of a degradable lipid nanoparticle formulation. The determined average copy number of 5 mRNA molecules per LNP is consistent with the previous studies using other biophysical techniques, such as single particle imaging microscopy and multi-laser cylindrical illumination confocal spectroscopy (CICS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gesa Richter
- Novartis TRD, Keltenring 1+3, 82041, Oberhaching, Germany
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9
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Waggoner LE, Miyasaki KF, Kwon EJ. Analysis of PEG-lipid anchor length on lipid nanoparticle pharmacokinetics and activity in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:4238-4253. [PMID: 36987922 PMCID: PMC10262813 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01846b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people worldwide, yet there are currently no therapeutics that address the long-term impairments that develop in a large portion of survivors. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a promising therapeutic strategy that may address the molecular basis of TBI pathophysiology. LNPs are the only non-viral gene delivery platform to achieve clinical success, but systemically administered formulations have only been established for targets in the liver. In this work, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics and activity of LNPs formulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipids of different anchor lengths when systemically administered to a mouse model of TBI. We observed an increase in LNP accumulation and activity in the injured brain hemisphere compared to the uninjured contralateral brain hemisphere. Interestingly, transgene expression mediated by LNPs was more durable in injured brain tissue compared to off-target organs when compared between 4 and 24 hours. The PEG-lipid is an important component of LNP formulation necessary for the stable formation and storage of LNPs, but the PEG-lipid structure and content also has an impact on LNP function. LNP formulations containing various ratios of PEG-lipid with C18 (DSPE-PEG) and C14 (DMG-PEG) anchors displayed similar physicochemical properties, independent of the PEG-lipid compositions. As the proportion of DSPE-PEG was increased in formulations, blood circulation times of LNPs increased and the duration of expression increased. We also evaluated diffusion of LNPs after convection enhanced delivery (CED) in healthy brains and found LNPs distributed >1 mm away from the injection site. Understanding LNP pharmacokinetics and activity in TBI models and the impact of PEG-lipid anchor length informs the design of LNP-based therapies for TBI after systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Waggoner
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Katelyn F Miyasaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Ester J Kwon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Fan Y, Shi Z, Ma S, Razvi SZA, Fu Y, Chen T, Gruenhagen J, Zhang K. Spectroscopy-Based Local Modeling Method for High-Throughput Quantification of Nucleic Acid Loading in Lipid Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9081-9090. [PMID: 35700415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most widely investigated delivery systems for nucleic acid-based therapeutics and vaccines. Loading efficiency of nucleic acids may vary with formulation conditions, and it is considered one of the critical quality attributes of LNP products. Current analytical methods for quantification of cargo loading in LNPs often require external standard preparations and preseparation of unloaded nucleic acids from LNPs; therefore, they are subject to tedious and lengthy procedures, LNP stability, and unpredictable recovery rates of the separated analytes. Here, we developed a modeling approach, which was based on locally weighted regression (LWR) of ultraviolet (UV) spectra of unpurified samples, to quantify the loading of nucleic acid cargos in LNPs in-situ. We trained the model to automatically tune the training library space according to the spectral features of a query sample so as to robustly predict the nucleic acid cargo concentration and rank loading capacity with similar performance as the more complicated experimental approaches. Furthermore, we successfully applied the model to a wide range of nucleic acid cargo species, including antisense oligonucleotides, single-guided RNA, and messenger RNA, in varied lipid matrices. The LWR modeling approach significantly saved analytical time and efforts by facile UV scans of 96-well sample plates within a few minutes and with minimal sample preprocessing. Our proof-of-concept study presented the very first data mining and modeling strategy to quantify nucleic acid loading in LNPs and is expected to better serve high-throughput screening workflows, thereby facilitates early-stage optimization and development of LNP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Fan
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhenqi Shi
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shengli Ma
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sayyeda Zeenat Anwer Razvi
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yige Fu
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason Gruenhagen
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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11
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Álvarez-Benedicto E, Farbiak L, Ramírez MM, Wang X, Johnson LT, Mian O, Guerrero ED, Siegwart DJ. Optimization of phospholipid chemistry for improved lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA). Biomater Sci 2022; 10:549-559. [PMID: 34904974 PMCID: PMC9113778 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01454d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been established as an essential platform for nucleic acid delivery. Efforts have led to the development of vaccines that protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection using LNPs to deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for the viral spike protein. Out of the four essential components that comprise LNPs, phospholipids represent an underappreciated opportunity for fundamental and translational study. We investigated this avenue by systematically modulating the identity of the phospholipid in LNPs with the goal of identifying specific moieties that directly enhance or hinder delivery efficacy. Results indicate that phospholipid chemistry can enhance mRNA delivery by increasing membrane fusion and enhancing endosomal escape. Phospholipids containing phosphoethanolamine (PE) head groups likely increase endosomal escape due to their fusogenic properties. Additionally, it was found that zwitterionic phospholipids mainly aided liver delivery, whereas negatively charged phospholipids changed the tropism of the LNPs from liver to spleen. These results demonstrate that the choice of phospholipid plays a role intracellularly by enhancing endosomal escape, while also driving organ tropism in vivo. These findings were then applied to Selective Organ Targeting (SORT) LNPs to manipulate and control spleen-specific delivery. Overall, selection of the phospholipid in LNPs provides an important handle to design and optimize LNPs for improved mRNA delivery and more effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Álvarez-Benedicto
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Lukas Farbiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Martha Márquez Ramírez
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Lindsay T. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Osamah Mian
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Erick D. Guerrero
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Daniel J. Siegwart
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States,Corresponding author.
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12
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On the mechanism of tissue-specific mRNA delivery by selective organ targeting nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109256118. [PMID: 34933999 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109256118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a clinically mature technology for the delivery of genetic medicines but have limited therapeutic applications due to liver accumulation. Recently, our laboratory developed selective organ targeting (SORT) nanoparticles that expand the therapeutic applications of genetic medicines by enabling delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) and gene editing systems to non-liver tissues. SORT nanoparticles include a supplemental SORT molecule whose chemical structure determines the LNP's tissue-specific activity. To understand how SORT nanoparticles surpass the delivery barrier of liver hepatocyte accumulation, we studied the mechanistic factors which define their organ-targeting properties. We discovered that the chemical nature of the added SORT molecule controlled biodistribution, global/apparent pKa, and serum protein interactions of SORT nanoparticles. Additionally, we provide evidence for an endogenous targeting mechanism whereby organ targeting occurs via 1) desorption of poly(ethylene glycol) lipids from the LNP surface, 2) binding of distinct proteins to the nanoparticle surface because of recognition of exposed SORT molecules, and 3) subsequent interactions between surface-bound proteins and cognate receptors highly expressed in specific tissues. These findings establish a crucial link between the molecular composition of SORT nanoparticles and their unique and precise organ-targeting properties and suggest that the recruitment of specific proteins to a nanoparticle's surface can enable drug delivery beyond the liver.
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Bost JP, Barriga H, Holme MN, Gallud A, Maugeri M, Gupta D, Lehto T, Valadi H, Esbjörner EK, Stevens MM, El-Andaloussi S. Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Chemical Modifications, Lipid Nanoparticles, and Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13993-14021. [PMID: 34505766 PMCID: PMC8482762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) comprise a rapidly growing class of therapeutics. In recent years, the list of FDA-approved ON therapies has rapidly expanded. ONs are small (15-30 bp) nucleotide-based therapeutics which are capable of targeting DNA and RNA as well as other biomolecules. ONs can be subdivided into several classes based on their chemical modifications and on the mechanisms of their target interactions. Historically, the largest hindrance to the widespread usage of ON therapeutics has been their inability to effectively internalize into cells and escape from endosomes to reach their molecular targets in the cytosol or nucleus. While cell uptake has been improved, "endosomal escape" remains a significant problem. There are a range of approaches to overcome this, and in this review, we focus on three: altering the chemical structure of the ONs, formulating synthetic, lipid-based nanoparticles to encapsulate the ONs, or biologically loading the ONs into extracellular vesicles. This review provides a background to the design and mode of action of existing FDA-approved ONs. It presents the most common ON classifications and chemical modifications from a fundamental scientific perspective and provides a roadmap of the cellular uptake pathways by which ONs are trafficked. Finally, this review delves into each of the above-mentioned approaches to ON delivery, highlighting the scientific principles behind each and covering recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. Bost
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - Hanna Barriga
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Margaret N. Holme
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Audrey Gallud
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43150, Sweden
| | - Marco Maugeri
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
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14
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Franconi F, Lemaire L, Gimel JC, Bonnet S, Saulnier P. NMR diffusometry: A new perspective for nanomedicine exploration. J Control Release 2021; 337:155-167. [PMID: 34280413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based diffusion methods open new perspectives for nanomedicine characterization and their bioenvironment interaction understanding. This review summarizes the theoretical background of diffusion phenomena. Self-diffusion and mutual diffusion coefficient notions are featured. Principles, advantages, drawbacks, and key challenges of NMR diffusometry spectroscopic and imaging methods are presented. This review article also gives an overview of representative applicative works to the nanomedicine field that can contribute to elucidate important issues. Examples of in vitro characterizations such as identification of formulated species, process monitoring, drug release follow-up, nanomedicine interactions with biological barriers are presented as well as possible transpositions for studying in vivo nanomedicine fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Franconi
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; Univ Angers, PRISM, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Lemaire
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; Univ Angers, PRISM, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | | | - Samuel Bonnet
- Univ Angers, PRISM, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France.
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15
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Phyo P, Zhao X, Templeton AC, Xu W, Cheung JK, Su Y. Understanding molecular mechanisms of biologics drug delivery and stability from NMR spectroscopy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:1-29. [PMID: 33609600 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics carry inherent limitations of membrane impermeability and structural instability, despite their predominant role in the modern pharmaceutical market. Effective formulations are needed to overcome physiological and physicochemical barriers, respectively, for improving bioavailability and stability. Knowledge of membrane affinity, cellular internalization, encapsulation, and release of drug-loaded carrier vehicles uncover the structural basis for designing and optimizing biopharmaceuticals with enhanced delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy. Understanding stabilizing and destabilizing interactions between protein drugs and formulation excipients provide fundamental mechanisms for ensuring the stability and quality of biological products. This article reviews the molecular studies of biologics using solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy on structural attributes pivotal to drug delivery and stability. In-depth investigation of the structure-function relationship of drug delivery systems based on cell-penetrating peptides, lipid nanoparticles and polymeric colloidal, and biophysical and biochemical stability of peptide, protein, monoclonal antibody, and vaccine, as the integrative efforts on drug product design, will be elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyae Phyo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Xi Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Allen C Templeton
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Jason K Cheung
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States.
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16
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Abstract
The current situation, heavily influenced by the ongoing pandemic, puts vaccines back into the spotlight. However, the conventional and traditional vaccines present disadvantages, particularly related to immunogenicity, stability, and storage of the final product. Often, such products require the maintenance of a “cold chain,” impacting the costs, the availability, and the distribution of vaccines. Here, after a recall of the mode of action of vaccines and the types of vaccines currently available, we analyze the past, present, and future of vaccine formulation. The past focuses on conventional formulations, the present discusses the use of nanoparticles for vaccine delivery and as adjuvants, while the future presents microneedle patches as alternative formulation and administration route. Finally, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of injectable solutions, nanovaccines, and microneedles in terms of efficacy, stability, and patient-friendly design. Different approaches to vaccine formulation development, the conventional vaccine formulations from the past, the current development of lipid nanoparticles as vaccines, and the near future microneedles formulations are discussed in this review. ![]()
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17
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PEG shedding-rate-dependent blood clearance of PEGylated lipid nanoparticles in mice: Faster PEG shedding attenuates anti-PEG IgM production. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119792. [PMID: 32827675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PEGylation-modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-is useful for stabilizing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). However, such PEGylation can prevent small interfering RNA (siRNA) encapsulated in LNPs from exerting its gene-silencing effects by disrupting the interaction of LNPs with target cells and by inducing the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon via anti-PEG IgM. PEG-lipids with short acyl chains can be used to address these issues because they are quickly shed from LNPs after administration; however, there are few reports on the relationships among PEG shedding rate, anti-PEG IgM production, and the gene-silencing activity of siRNA upon repeated LNP administration. Here, in mice, we found that LNPs conjugated to a fast-shedding PEG-lipid (short acyl chain) induced less anti-PEG IgM compared with LNPs conjugated to a slow-shedding PEG-lipid (long acyl chain). Moreover, pretreatment of mice with LNPs conjugated to the slow-shedding PEG-lipid caused loss of RNA interference activity after subsequent LNP administration because the payload siRNA was delivered primarily to Kupffer cells rather than to hepatocytes. Together, these findings imply that manipulating PEG shedding rate and anti-PEG antibody production is enormously important in the development of RNA interference-based therapeutics utilizing LNP technology.
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18
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Moss KH, Popova P, Hadrup SR, Astakhova K, Taskova M. Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery of Therapeutic RNA Oligonucleotides. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2265-2277. [PMID: 31063396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is an exciting field that has the potential to address emerging scientific and therapeutic tasks. RNA-based gene therapy has made remarkable progress in recent decades. Nevertheless, efficient targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics is still a prerequisite for entering the clinics. In this review, we introduce current delivery methods for RNA gene therapeutics based on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). We focus on the clinical appeal of recent RNA NPs and discuss existing challenges of fabrication and screening LNP candidates for effective translation into drugs of human metabolic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Henry Moss
- DTU Health Technology , 202 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Petya Popova
- DTU Chemistry , 206-207 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sine R Hadrup
- DTU Health Technology , 202 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kira Astakhova
- DTU Chemistry , 206-207 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Maria Taskova
- DTU Chemistry , 206-207 Kemitorvet , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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19
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Characterization of a smart pH-cleavable PEG polymer towards the development of dual pH-sensitive liposomes. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:288-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Rasmussen K, Rauscher H, Mech A, Riego Sintes J, Gilliland D, González M, Kearns P, Moss K, Visser M, Groenewold M, Bleeker EAJ. Physico-chemical properties of manufactured nanomaterials - Characterisation and relevant methods. An outlook based on the OECD Testing Programme. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 92:8-28. [PMID: 29074277 PMCID: PMC5817049 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Identifying and characterising nanomaterials require additional information on physico-chemical properties and test methods, compared to chemicals in general. Furthermore, regulatory decisions for chemicals are usually based upon certain toxicological properties, and these effects may not be equivalent to those for nanomaterials. However, regulatory agencies lack an authoritative decision framework for nanomaterials that links the relevance of certain physico-chemical endpoints to toxicological effects. This paper investigates various physico-chemical endpoints and available test methods that could be used to produce such a decision framework for nanomaterials. It presents an overview of regulatory relevance and methods used for testing fifteen proposed physico-chemical properties of eleven nanomaterials in the OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials' Testing Programme, complemented with methods from literature, and assesses the methods' adequacy and applications limits. Most endpoints are of regulatory relevance, though the specific parameters depend on the nanomaterial and type of assessment. Size (distribution) is the common characteristic of all nanomaterials and is decisive information for classifying a material as a nanomaterial. Shape is an important particle descriptor. The octanol-water partitioning coefficient is undefined for particulate nanomaterials. Methods, including sample preparation, need to be further standardised, and some new methods are needed. The current work of OECD's Test Guidelines Programme regarding physico-chemical properties is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Rasmussen
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Hubert Rauscher
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Agnieszka Mech
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Juan Riego Sintes
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Douglas Gilliland
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Mar González
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Environment Directorate, 75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France.
| | - Peter Kearns
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Environment Directorate, 75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France.
| | - Kenneth Moss
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (7405M), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington DC, 20460 United States.
| | - Maaike Visser
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique Groenewold
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Eric A J Bleeker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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21
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Ganesh S, Koser ML, Cyr WA, Chopda GR, Tao J, Shui X, Ying B, Chen D, Pandya P, Chipumuro E, Siddiquee Z, Craig K, Lai C, Dudek H, Monga SP, Wang W, Brown BD, Abrams MT. Direct Pharmacological Inhibition of β-Catenin by RNA Interference in Tumors of Diverse Origin. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2143-54. [PMID: 27390343 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is among the most frequently altered signaling networks in human cancers. Despite decades of preclinical and clinical research, efficient therapeutic targeting of Wnt/β-catenin has been elusive. RNA interference (RNAi) technology silences genes at the mRNA level and therefore can be applied to previously undruggable targets. Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) represent an elegant solution for the delivery of RNAi-triggering oligonucleotides to disease-relevant tissues, but have been mostly restricted to applications in the liver. In this study, we systematically tuned the composition of a prototype LNP to enable tumor-selective delivery of a Dicer-substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) targeting CTNNB1, the gene encoding β-catenin. This formulation, termed EnCore-R, demonstrated pharmacodynamic activity in subcutaneous human tumor xenografts, orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors, disseminated hematopoietic tumors, genetically induced primary liver tumors, metastatic colorectal tumors, and murine metastatic melanoma. DsiRNA delivery was homogeneous in tumor sections, selective over normal liver and independent of apolipoprotein-E binding. Significant tumor growth inhibition was achieved in Wnt-dependent colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma models, but not in Wnt-independent tumors. Finally, no evidence of accelerated blood clearance or sustained liver transaminase elevation was observed after repeated dosing in nonhuman primates. These data support further investigation to gain mechanistic insight, optimize dose regimens, and identify efficacious combinations with standard-of-care therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2143-54. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Ganesh
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Wendy A Cyr
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Junyan Tao
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - Xue Shui
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bo Ying
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dongyu Chen
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Purva Pandya
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Kevin Craig
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chengjung Lai
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Henryk Dudek
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Weimin Wang
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bob D Brown
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marc T Abrams
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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22
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Enhancing the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of therapeutic nucleotides using lipid nanoparticle systems. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1751-69. [PMID: 26399560 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although activity has been reported in vivo, free nucleic acid-based drugs are rapidly degraded and cleared following systemic administration. To address these challenges and improve the potency and bioavailability of genetic drugs, significant efforts have been made to develop effective delivery systems of which lipid nanoparticles (LNP) represent the most advanced technology currently available. In this review, we will describe and discuss the improvements to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of nucleic acid-based drugs mediated by LNP delivery. It is envisioned that the significant improvements in potency and safety, largely driven by the development of LNP encapsulated siRNA drugs, will be translatable to other types of genetic drugs and enable the rapid development of potent molecular tools and drugs.
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