1
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Ma Y, Chen Y, Guo T, Wu HH, Wang R, He Y, Wang L, Qiao L. Unraveling the Atomic Shuffles of Twinning Nucleation in Hexagonal Close-Packed Rhenium Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8498-8504. [PMID: 37695649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Reining in deformation twinning is crucial for the mechanical properties of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) metals and hinges on an explicit understanding of the twinning nucleation mechanism. Unfortunately, it is often suggested rather than conclusively demonstrated that twinning nucleation can be mediated by pure atomic shuffles. Herein, by utilizing in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we have dissected the atomic shuffling mechanism during the {101̅2} twinning nucleation in rhenium nanocrystals, which revealed the emergence of an intermediate body-centered tetragonal (BCT) structure. Specifically, the double-layered prismatic planes initially shuffle into single-layered {11̅0}BCT planes; subsequently, adjacent {22̅0}BCT planes shuffle in opposite directions to form the basal planes of the twin embryo. This shuffling mechanism is further corroborated by molecular dynamic simulations. The finding provides direct evidence of shuffle-dominated twinning nucleation with atomic details that may lead to better control of this critical twinning mode in HCP metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hui Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Materials Intelligent Technology, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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2
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Jiang L, Gong M, Wang J, Pan Z, Wang X, Zhang D, Wang YM, Ciston J, Minor AM, Xu M, Pan X, Rupert TJ, Mahajan S, Lavernia EJ, Beyerlein IJ, Schoenung JM. Visualization and validation of twin nucleation and early-stage growth in magnesium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:20. [PMID: 35013175 PMCID: PMC8748725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The abrupt occurrence of twinning when Mg is deformed leads to a highly anisotropic response, making it too unreliable for structural use and too unpredictable for observation. Here, we describe an in-situ transmission electron microscopy experiment on Mg crystals with strategically designed geometries for visualization of a long-proposed but unverified twinning mechanism. Combining with atomistic simulations and topological analysis, we conclude that twin nucleation occurs through a pure-shuffle mechanism that requires prismatic-basal transformations. Also, we verified a crystal geometry dependent twin growth mechanism, that is the early-stage growth associated with instability of plasticity flow, which can be dominated either by slower movement of prismatic-basal boundary steps, or by faster glide-shuffle along the twinning plane. The fundamental understanding of twinning provides a pathway to understand deformation from a scientific standpoint and the microstructure design principles to engineer metals with enhanced behavior from a technological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Materials & Structural Analysis Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA
| | - Mingyu Gong
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Zhiliang Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Dalong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Y Morris Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jim Ciston
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94701, USA
| | - Andrew M Minor
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94701, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Timothy J Rupert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Subhash Mahajan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Irene J Beyerlein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | - Julie M Schoenung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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3
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Hu C, Medlin DL, Dingreville R. Disconnection-Mediated Transition in Segregation Structures at Twin Boundaries. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6875-6882. [PMID: 34279946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Twin boundaries play an important role in the thermodynamics, stability, and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline metals. Understanding their structure and chemistry at the atomic scale is key to guide strategies for fabricating nanocrystalline materials with improved properties. We report an unusual segregation phenomenon at gold-doped platinum twin boundaries, which is arbitrated by the presence of disconnections, a type of interfacial line defect. By using atomistic simulations, we show that disconnections containing a stacking fault can induce an unexpected transition in the interfacial-segregation structure at the atomic scale, from a bilayer, alternating-segregation structure to a trilayer, segregation-only structure. This behavior is found for faulted disconnections of varying step heights and dislocation characters. Supported by a structural analysis and the classical Langmuir-McLean segregation model, we reveal that this phenomenon is driven by a structurally induced drop of the local pressure across the faulted disconnection accompanied by an increase in the segregation volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongze Hu
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Douglas L Medlin
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Rémi Dingreville
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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4
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Liu Q, Nie Y, Shang J, Kou L, Zhan H, Sun Z, Bo A, Gu Y. Exceptional Deformability of Wurtzite Zinc Oxide Nanowires with Growth Axial Stacking Faults. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4327-4334. [PMID: 33989003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To ensure reliability and facilitate the strain engineering of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs), it is significant to understand their flexibility thoroughly. In this study, single-crystalline ZnO NWs with rich axial pyramidal I (π1) and prismatic stacking faults (SFs) are synthesized by a metal oxidation method. Bending properties of the as-synthesized ZnO NWs are investigated at the atomic scale using an in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) technique. It is revealed that the SF-rich structures can foster multiple inelastic deformation mechanisms near room temperature, including active axial SFs' migration, deformation twinning and detwinning process in the NWs with growth π1 SFs, and prevalent nucleation and slip of perfect dislocations with a continuous increased bending strain, leading to tremendous bending strains up to 20% of the NWs. Our results record ultralarge bending deformations and provide insights into the deformation mechanisms of single-crystalline ZnO NWs with rich axial SFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Yihan Nie
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Liangzhi Kou
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Haifei Zhan
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Arixin Bo
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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5
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Hou XW, Guo YF, Zhou L, Zu Q, Tang XZ. Plastic deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned Mg with different twin boundary orientations: molecular dynamics simulations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1770751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Hou
- Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fang Guo
- Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Zu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Tang
- Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Liu J, Niu R, Gu J, Cabral M, Song M, Liao X. Effect of Ion Irradiation Introduced by Focused Ion-Beam Milling on the Mechanical Behaviour of Sub-Micron-Sized Samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10324. [PMID: 32587335 PMCID: PMC7316792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of xenon plasma focused ion-beam (Xe+ PFIB) milling technique enables site-specific sample preparation with milling rates several times larger than the conventional gallium focused ion-beam (Ga+ FIB) technique. As such, the effect of higher beam currents and the heavier ions utilized in the Xe+ PFIB system is of particular importance when investigating material properties. To investigate potential artifacts resulting from these new parameters, a comparative study is performed on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples prepared via Xe+ PFIB and Ga+ FIB systems. Utilizing samples prepared with each system, the mechanical properties of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) samples are evaluated with in situ tensile straining TEM studies. The results show that HEA samples prepared by Xe+ PFIB present better ductility but lower strength than those prepared by Ga+ FIB. This is due to the small ion-irradiated volumes and the insignificant alloying effect brought by Xe irradiation. Overall, these results demonstrate that Xe+ PFIB systems allow for a more efficient material removal rate while imparting less damage to HEAs than conventional Ga+ FIB systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Liu
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ranming Niu
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Ji Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Matthew Cabral
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaozhou Liao
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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7
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Direct observation of dual-step twinning nucleation in hexagonal close-packed crystals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2483. [PMID: 32424342 PMCID: PMC7235251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and processing of advanced lightweight structural alloys based on magnesium and titanium rely critically on a control over twinning that remains elusive to date and is dependent on an explicit understanding on the twinning nucleation mechanism in hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystals. Here, by using in-situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy, we directly show a dual-step twinning nucleation mechanism in HCP rhenium nanocrystals. We find that nucleation of the predominant {1 0 −1 2} twinning is initiated by disconnections on the Prismatic│Basal interfaces which establish the lattice correspondence of the twin with a minor deviation from the ideal orientation. Subsequently, the minor deviation is corrected by the formation of coherent twin boundaries through rearrangement of the disconnections on the Prismatic│Basal interface; thereafter, the coherent twin boundaries propagate by twinning dislocations. The findings provide high-resolution direct evidence of the twinning nucleation mechanism in HCP crystals. Aspects of twinning in hexagonal-close-packed crystals remain elusive. Here, the authors directly image twinning in rhenium nanocrystals and show the process is mediated by disconnections on Prismatic│Basal interfaces as the twin initially deviates from its ideal orientation before it is corrected.
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8
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Li J, Cho J, Ding J, Charalambous H, Xue S, Wang H, Phuah XL, Jian J, Wang X, Ophus C, Tsakalakos T, García RE, Mukherjee AK, Bernstein N, Hellberg CS, Wang H, Zhang X. Nanoscale stacking fault-assisted room temperature plasticity in flash-sintered TiO 2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw5519. [PMID: 32047855 PMCID: PMC6984969 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic materials have been widely used for structural applications. However, most ceramics have rather limited plasticity at low temperatures and fracture well before the onset of plastic yielding. The brittle nature of ceramics arises from the lack of dislocation activity and the need for high stress to nucleate dislocations. Here, we have investigated the deformability of TiO2 prepared by a flash-sintering technique. Our in situ studies show that the flash-sintered TiO2 can be compressed to ~10% strain under room temperature without noticeable crack formation. The room temperature plasticity in flash-sintered TiO2 is attributed to the formation of nanoscale stacking faults and nanotwins, which may be assisted by the high-density preexisting defects and oxygen vacancies introduced by the flash-sintering process. Distinct deformation behaviors have been observed in flash-sintered TiO2 deformed at different testing temperatures, ranging from room temperature to 600°C. Potential mechanisms that may render ductile ceramic materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jaehun Cho
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Harry Charalambous
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sichuang Xue
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Han Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xin Li Phuah
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jie Jian
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xuejing Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Tsakalakos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - R. Edwin García
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amiya K. Mukherjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Noam Bernstein
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | | | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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9
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Shaha SK, Jahed H. Characterization of Nanolayer Intermetallics Formed in Cold Sprayed Al Powder on Mg Substrate. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081317. [PMID: 31018510 PMCID: PMC6515426 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supersonic impact of particles in their solid state with substrate at a low temperature creates a complex bonding mechanism and surface modification in cold spray coating. Here, we report the formation of a layer of 200 to 300 nm intermetallic at the interface of cold spray coated AZ31B-type Mg alloy with AA7075-type Al alloy powder. XRD, SAED, and FFT analysis confirmed the layer possessed BBC crystal structure of Mg17Al12 intermetallic. The HR-TEM image analysis at the interface identified the BBC crystal structure with interplanar spacing of 0.745 nm for (110) planes, suggesting the Mg17Al12 phase. The nanoindentation tests showed that the hardness at the interface was ~3 times higher than the substrate. It was also noticed that Young’s modulus at the interface was 117GPa. The combined action of impact energy and carrier gas temperature, along with the multiple passes during coating, caused the formation of intermetallic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugrib Kumar Shaha
- Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Hamid Jahed
- Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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10
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Yang X, Xu S, Chi Q. Plastic Deformation Behavior of Bi-Crystal Magnesium Nanopillars with a {1012} Twin Boundary under Compression: Molecular Dynamics Simulations. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050750. [PMID: 30841580 PMCID: PMC6427259 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the uniaxial compression deformation of bi-crystal magnesium nanopillars with a { 10 1 ¯ 2 } twin boundary (TB). The generation and evolution process of internal defects of magnesium nanopillars were analyzed in detail. Simulation results showed that the initial deformation mechanism was mainly caused by the migration of the twin boundary, and the transformation of TB into (basal/prismatic) B/P interface was observed. After that, basal slip as well as pyramidal slip nucleated during the plastic deformation process. Moreover, a competition mechanism between twin boundary migration and basal slip was found. Basal slip can inhibit the migration of the twin boundary, and { 10 1 ¯ 1 } ⟨ 10 1 ¯ 2 ⟩ twins appear at a certain high strain level ( ε = 0.104). In addition, Schmid factor (SF) analysis was conducted to understand the activations of deformation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shuang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qingjia Chi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Jiang S, Jiang Z, Chen Q. Deformation twinning mechanism in hexagonal-close-packed crystals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:618. [PMID: 30679673 PMCID: PMC6345936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The atomic structure of {10 [Formula: see text] 2} twin boundary (TB) from a deformed Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) magnesium alloy was examined by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). By comparing the lattice structure of TB with the previously established model, a kind of special atomic combinations, here named primitive cells (PCs), were discovered at the TB. The PCs reorientation induced mechanism of twinning in hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) crystals was hence verificated. Meanwhile, the relationship between the misorientation of adjacent layers of PCs and the width of TB was discussed. The verification of the mechanism clarifies the twinning mechanism in HCP crystals and opens up opportunities for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongtao Jiang
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
| | - Qiaowang Chen
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
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12
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Bo A, Chen K, Pickering E, Zhan H, Bell J, Du A, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhu H, Shan Z, Gu Y. Atypical Defect Motions in Brittle Layered Sodium Titanate Nanowires. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6052-6059. [PMID: 30222361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ tensile tests show atypical defect motions in the brittle Na2Ti3O7 (NTO) nanowire (NW) within the elastic deformation range. After brittle fracture, elastic recovery of the NTO NW is followed by reversible motion of the defects in a time-dependent manner. An in situ cyclic loading-unloading test shows that these mobile defects shift back and forth along the NW in accordance with the loading-unloading cycles and eventually restore their initial positions after the load is completely removed. The existence of the defects within the NTO NWs and their motions does not lead to plastic deformation of the NW. The atypical defect motion is speculated to be the result of the glidibility of the TiO6 layers, where weakly bonded cation layers are in between. Exploration of the above novel observation can establish new understandings of the deformation behavior of superlattice nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arixin Bo
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology , 2 George Street , Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia
| | - Kai Chen
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Edmund Pickering
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology , 2 George Street , Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia
| | - Haifei Zhan
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology , 2 George Street , Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia
| | - John Bell
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology , 2 George Street , Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology , 2 George Street , Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Huaiyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology , 2 George Street , Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia
| | - Zhiwei Shan
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology , 2 George Street , Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia
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13
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Liu S, Ding H, Zhang H, Chen R, Guo J, Fu H. High-density deformation nanotwin induced significant improvement in the plasticity of polycrystalline γ-TiAl-based intermetallic alloys. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11365-11374. [PMID: 29876549 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intermetallic alloys with high melting point can mostly serve as promising high-temperature structural materials, but their intrinsic brittleness limits their further application. Herein, we developed a strategy to realize high strength and high plasticity simultaneously in Cr-rich γ-TiAl-based intermetallic alloys via introducing high-density deformation nanotwins. Non-equilibrium continuous casting followed by annealing in the (α + γ) phase region generated numerous Shockley partial dislocations and stacking faults as well as a number of α2 nanoparticles in the γ-TiAl phase. The substantial Shockley partial dislocations and stacking faults acting as effective heterogeneous nucleation sites favored the generation of high-density nanotwins in the as-annealed alloys during deformation, especially within the γ lamellae. This strategy can also be applied to other brittle alloys with a favorable twinning deformation mechanism and paves the way for the development of high-strength and high-ductility materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiu Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, P. O. Box 434. and Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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14
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Yang X, Goddard WA, An Q. Asymmetric twins in boron rich boron carbide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13340-13347. [PMID: 29717734 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twin boundaries (TBs) play an essential role in enhancing the mechanical, electronic and transport properties of polycrystalline materials. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. In particular, we considered that they may play an important role in boron rich boron carbide (BvrBC), which exhibits promising properties such as low density, super hardness, high abrasion resistance, and excellent neutron absorption. Here, we apply first-principles-based simulations to identify the atomic structures of TBs in BvrBC and their roles for the inelastic response to applied stresses. In addition to symmetric TBs in BvrBC, we identified a new type of asymmetric twin that constitutes the phase boundaries between boron rich boron carbide (B13C2) and BvrBC (B14C). The predicted mechanical response of these asymmetric twins indicates a significant reduction of the ideal shear strength compared to single crystals B13C2 and B14C, suggesting that the asymmetric twins facilitate the disintegration of icosahedral clusters under applied stress, which in turn leads to amorphous band formation and brittle failure. These results provide a mechanistic basis towards understating the roles of TBs in BvrBC and related superhard ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89577, USA.
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Qi An
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89577, USA. and Nevada Institute for Sustainability, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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15
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Fu H, Ge B, Xin Y, Wu R, Fernandez C, Huang J, Peng Q. Achieving High Strength and Ductility in Magnesium Alloys via Densely Hierarchical Double Contraction Nanotwins. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6117-6124. [PMID: 28857573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-weight magnesium alloys with high strength are especially desirable for the applications in transportation, aerospace, electronic components, and implants owing to their high stiffness, abundant raw materials, and environmental friendliness. Unfortunately, conventional strengthening methods mainly involve the formation of internal defects, in which particles and grain boundaries prohibit dislocation motion as well as compromise ductility invariably. Herein, we report a novel strategy for simultaneously achieving high specific yield strength (∼160 kN m kg-1) and good elongation (∼23.6%) in a duplex magnesium alloy containing 8 wt % lithium at room temperature, based on the introduction of densely hierarchical {101̅1}-{101̅1} double contraction nanotwins (DCTWs) and full-coherent hexagonal close-packed (hcp) particles in twin boundaries by ultrahigh pressure technique. These hierarchical nanoscaled DCTWs with stable interface characteristics not only bestow a large fraction of twin interface but also form interlaced continuous grids, hindering possible dislocation motions. Meanwhile, orderly aggregated particles offer supplemental pinning effect for overcoming latent softening roles of twin interface movement and detwinning process. The processes lead to a concomitant but unusual situation where double contraction twinning strengthens rather than weakens magnesium alloys. Those cutting-edge results provide underlying insights toward designing alternative and more innovative hcp-type structural materials with superior mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bincheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yunchang Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University , Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Rober Gordon University , Aberdeen, AB107GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Qiuming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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16
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Wang B, Zhang Z, Cui J, Jiang N, Lyu J, Chen G, Wang J, Liu Z, Yu J, Lin C, Ye F, Guo D. In Situ TEM Study of Interaction between Dislocations and a Single Nanotwin under Nanoindentation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29451-29456. [PMID: 28829563 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotwinned (nt) materials exhibit excellent mechanical properties, and have been attracting much more attention of late. Nevertheless, the fundamental mechanism of interaction between dislocations and a single nanotwin is not understood. In this study, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) nanoindentation is performed, on a specimen of a nickel (Ni) alloy containing a single nanotwin of 89 nm in thickness. The specimen is prepared using focused ion beam (FIB) technique from an nt surface, which is formed by a novel approach under indentation using a developed diamond panel with tips array. The stiffness of the specimen is ten times that of the pristine counterparts during loading. The ultrahigh stiffness is attributed to the generation of nanotwins and the impediment of the single twin to the dislocations. Two peak loads are induced by the activation of a new slip system and the penetration of dislocations over the single nanotwin, respectively. One slip band is parallel to the single nanotwin, indicating the slip of dislocations along the nanotwin. In situ TEM observation of nanoindentation reveals a new insight for the interaction between dislocations and a single nanotwin. This paves the way for design and preparation of high-performance nt surfaces of Ni alloys used for aircraft engines, gas turbines, turbocharger components, ducts, and absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, China
| | | | - Junfeng Cui
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jilei Lyu
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guoxin Chen
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhiduo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chengte Lin
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, China
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17
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Cayron C. Hard-sphere displacive model of deformation twinning in hexagonal close-packed metals. Revisiting the case of the (56°,a) contraction twins in magnesium. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2017; 73:346-356. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317005459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Contraction twinning in magnesium alloys leads to new grains that are misoriented from the parent grain by a rotation (56°,a). The classical shear theory of deformation twinning does not specify the atomic displacements and does not explain why contraction twinning is less frequent than extension twinning. The paper proposes a new displacive model in line with our previous work on martensitic transformations and extension twinning. A continuous angular distortion matrix that transforms the initial hexagonal close-packed (h.c.p.) crystal into a final h.c.p. crystal is determined such that the atoms move as hard spheres and reach the final positions expected by the orientation relationship. The calculations prove that the distortion is not a simple shear when it is considered in its continuity. The ({0{\overline 1}1}) plane is untilted and restored, but it is not fully invariant because some interatomic distances in this plane evolve during the distortion process; the unit volume also increases up to 5% before coming back to its initial value when the twinning distortion is complete. Then, the distortion takes the form of a simple shear on the ({0{\overline 1}1}) plane with a shear along the direction [{18,{\overline 5},{\overline 5}}] of amplitude 0.358. Experiments are proposed to validate or disprove the model.
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18
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Zhong L, Sansoz F, He Y, Wang C, Zhang Z, Mao SX. Slip-activated surface creep with room-temperature super-elongation in metallic nanocrystals. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:439-445. [PMID: 27893723 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale metallic crystals have been shown to follow a 'smaller is stronger' trend. However, they usually suffer from low ductility due to premature plastic instability by source-limited crystal slip. Here, by performing in situ atomic-scale transmission electron microscopy, we report unusual room-temperature super-elongation without softening in face-centred-cubic silver nanocrystals, where crystal slip serves as a stimulus to surface diffusional creep. This interplay mechanism is shown experimentally and theoretically to govern the plastic deformation of nanocrystals over a material-dependent sample diameter range between the lower and upper limits for nanocrystal stability by surface diffusional creep and dislocation plasticity, respectively, which extends far beyond the maximum size for pure diffusion-mediated deformation (for example, Coble-type creep). This work provides insight into the atomic-scale coupled diffusive-displacive deformation mechanisms, maximizing ductility and strength simultaneously in nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Frederic Sansoz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Program, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Yang He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Scott X Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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19
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Kim JT, Hong SH, Park HJ, Kim YS, Suh JY, Lee JK, Park JM, Maity T, Eckert J, Kim KB. Deformation mechanisms to ameliorate the mechanical properties of novel TRIP/TWIP Co-Cr-Mo-(Cu) ultrafine eutectic alloys. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39959. [PMID: 28067248 PMCID: PMC5220307 DOI: 10.1038/srep39959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the microstructural evolution and the modulation of the mechanical properties have been investigated for a Co-Cr-Mo (CCM) ternary eutectic alloy by addition of a small amount of copper (0.5 and 1 at.%). The microstructural observations reveal a distinct dissimilarity in the eutectic structure such as a broken lamellar structure and a well-aligned lamellar structure and an increasing volume fraction of Co lamellae as increasing amount of copper addition. This microstructural evolution leads to improved plasticity from 1% to 10% without the typical tradeoff between the overall strength and compressive plasticity. Moreover, investigation of the fractured samples indicates that the CCMCu alloy exhibits higher plastic deformability and combinatorial mechanisms for improved plastic behavior. The improved plasticity of CCMCu alloys originates from several deformation mechanisms; i) slip, ii) deformation twinning, iii) strain-induced transformation and iv) shear banding. These results reveal that the mechanical properties of eutectic alloys in the Co-Cr-Mo system can be ameliorated by micro-alloying such as Cu addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kim
- Hybrid Materials Center (HMC), Faculty of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neugdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hong
- Hybrid Materials Center (HMC), Faculty of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neugdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Park
- Hybrid Materials Center (HMC), Faculty of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neugdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Hybrid Materials Center (HMC), Faculty of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neugdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Suh
- High Temperature Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 330-717, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Park
- Global Technology Center, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, 129 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-742, Republic of Korea
| | - T Maity
- Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - J Eckert
- Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria.,Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - K B Kim
- Hybrid Materials Center (HMC), Faculty of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neugdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
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20
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Alfreider M, Jeong J, Esterl R, Oh SH, Kiener D. Synthesis and Mechanical Characterisation of an Ultra-Fine Grained Ti-Mg Composite. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080688. [PMID: 28773808 PMCID: PMC5512354 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of lightweight materials such as titanium and magnesium in various technical applications, for example aerospace, medical implants and lightweight construction is well appreciated. The present study is an attempt to combine and improve the mechanical properties of these two materials by forming an ultra-fine grained composite. The material, with a composition of 75 vol% (88.4 wt%) Ti and 25 vol% (11.4 wt%) Mg , was synthesized by powder compression and subsequently deformed by high-pressure torsion. Using focused ion beam machining, miniaturised compression samples were prepared and tested in-situ in a scanning electron microscope to gain insights into local deformation behaviour and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. Results show outstanding yield strength of around 1250 MPa, which is roughly 200 to 500 MPa higher than literature reports of similar materials. The failure mode of the samples is accounted for by cracking along the phase boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Alfreider
- Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
| | - Jiwon Jeong
- Centre for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Raphael Esterl
- Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Daniel Kiener
- Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
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21
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Idrissi H, Bollinger C, Boioli F, Schryvers D, Cordier P. Low-temperature plasticity of olivine revisited with in situ TEM nanomechanical testing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501671. [PMID: 26998522 PMCID: PMC4795657 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rheology of the lithospheric mantle is fundamental to understanding how mantle convection couples with plate tectonics. However, olivine rheology at lithospheric conditions is still poorly understood because experiments are difficult in this temperature range where rocks and mineral become very brittle. We combine techniques of quantitative in situ tensile testing in a transmission electron microscope and numerical modeling of dislocation dynamics to constrain the low-temperature rheology of olivine. We find that the intrinsic ductility of olivine at low temperature is significantly lower than previously reported values, which were obtained under strain-hardened conditions. Using this method, we can anchor rheological laws determined at higher temperature and can provide a better constraint on intermediate temperatures relevant for the lithosphere. More generally, we demonstrate the possibility of characterizing the mechanical properties of specimens, which can be available in the form of submillimeter-sized particles only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni Idrissi
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Sainte Barbe 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bollinger
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Francesca Boioli
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations, UMR 8207 CNRS/Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Dominique Schryvers
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cordier
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations, UMR 8207 CNRS/Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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22
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Liu L, Ding X, Sun J, Li S, Salje EKH. Breakdown of Shape Memory Effect in Bent Cu-Al-Ni Nanopillars: When Twin Boundaries Become Stacking Faults. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:194-198. [PMID: 26652798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bent Cu-Al-Ni nanopillars (diameters 90-750 nm) show a shape memory effect, SME, for diameters D > 300 nm. The SME and the associated twinning are located in a small deformed section of the nanopillar. Thick nanopillars (D > 300 nm) transform to austenite under heating, including the deformed region. Thin nanopillars (D < 130 nm) do not twin but generate highly disordered sequences of stacking faults in the deformed region. No SME occurs and heating converts only the undeformed regions into austenite. The defect-rich, deformed region remains in the martensite phase even after prolonged heating in the stability field of austenite. A complex mixture of twins and stacking faults was found for diameters 130 nm < D < 300 nm. The size effect of the SME in Cu-Al-Ni nanopillars consists of an approximately linear reduction of the SME between 300 and 130 nm when the SME completely vanishes for smaller diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Suzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ekhard K H Salje
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhou L, Guo YF. Dislocation-Governed Plastic Deformation and Fracture Toughness of Nanotwinned Magnesium. MATERIALS 2015; 8:5250-5264. [PMID: 28793502 PMCID: PMC5455498 DOI: 10.3390/ma8085250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the plastic deformation mechanisms responsible for mechanical properties and fracture toughness in {101¯2}<101¯1¯>nanotwinned (NT). magnesium is studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The influence of twin boundary (TBs) spacing and crack position on deformation behaviors are investigated. The microstructure evolution at the crack tip are not exactly the same for the left edge crack (LEC) and the right edge crack (REC) models according to calculations of the energy release rate for dislocation nucleation at the crack tip. The LEC growth initiates in a ductile pattern and then turns into a brittle cleavage. In the REC model, the atomic decohesion occurs at the crack tip to create a new free surface which directly induces a brittle cleavage. A ductile to brittle transition is observed which mainly depends on the competition between dislocation motion and crack growth. This competition mechanism is found to be correlated with the TB spacing. The critical values are 10 nm and 13.5 nm for this transition in LEC and REC models, respectively. Essentially, the dislocation densities affected by the TB spacing play a crucial role in the ductile to brittle transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Ya-Fang Guo
- Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
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24
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Bhogra M, Ramamurty U, Waghmare UV. Smaller is Plastic: Polymorphic Structures and Mechanism of Deformation in Nanoscale hcp Metals. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:3697-3702. [PMID: 25927160 DOI: 10.1021/nl504978t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we establish the existence of highly stable polymorphs of hcp metals (Ti, Mg, Be, La and Y) with nanoscale structural periodicity. They arise from heterogeneous deformation of the hcp structure occurring in response to large shear stresses localized at the basal planes separated by a few nanometers. Through Landau theoretical analysis, we show that their stability derives from nonlinear coupling between strains at different length scales. Such multiscale hyperelasticity and long-period structures constitute a new mechanism of size-dependent plasticity and its enhancement in nanoscale hcp metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Bhogra
- †Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - U Ramamurty
- ‡Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
- §Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umesh V Waghmare
- †Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India
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25
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Wu X, Xu R, Zhu R, Wu R, Zhang B. Converting 2D inorganic-organic ZnSe-DETA hybrid nanosheets into 3D hierarchical nanosheet-based ZnSe microspheres with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performances. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9752-9759. [PMID: 25962330 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineering two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structures is one of the great challenges in nanochemistry and materials science. We report a facile and simple chemical conversion route to fabricate 3D hierarchical nanosheet-based ZnSe microspheres by using 2D inorganic-organic hybrid ZnSe-DETA (DETA = diethylenetriamine) nanosheets as the starting precursors. The conversion mechanism involves the controlled depletion of the organic-component (DETA) from the hybrid precursors and the subsequent self-assembly of the remnant inorganic-component (ZnSe). The transformation reaction of ZnSe-DETA nanosheets is mainly influenced by the concentration of DETA in the reaction solution. We demonstrated that this organic-component depletion method could be extended to the synthesis of other hierarchical structures of metal sulfides. In addition, the obtained hierarchical nanosheet-based ZnSe microspheres exhibited outstanding performance in visible light photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and were highly active for photocatalytic H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
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26
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Wang J, Zeng Z, Weinberger CR, Zhang Z, Zhu T, Mao SX. In situ atomic-scale observation of twinning-dominated deformation in nanoscale body-centred cubic tungsten. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:594-600. [PMID: 25751073 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Twinning is a fundamental deformation mode that competes against dislocation slip in crystalline solids. In metallic nanostructures, plastic deformation requires higher stresses than those needed in their bulk counterparts, resulting in the 'smaller is stronger' phenomenon. Such high stresses are thought to favour twinning over dislocation slip. Deformation twinning has been well documented in face-centred cubic (FCC) nanoscale crystals. However, it remains unexplored in body-centred cubic (BCC) nanoscale crystals. Here, by using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomistic simulations, we show that twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism in nanoscale crystals of BCC tungsten. Such deformation twinning is pseudoelastic, manifested through reversible detwinning during unloading. We find that the competition between twinning and dislocation slip can be mediated by loading orientation, which is attributed to the competing nucleation mechanism of defects in nanoscale BCC crystals. Our work provides direct observations of deformation twinning as well as new insights into the deformation mechanism in BCC nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Christopher R Weinberger
- 1] Materials Science and Engineering Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA [2] Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- 1] Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA [2] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Scott X Mao
- 1] Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Li M, Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Yu J. Bimodal sintered silver nanoparticle paste with ultrahigh thermal conductivity and shear strength for high temperature thermal interface material applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:9157-68. [PMID: 25890996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A bimodal silver nanoparticle (AgNP) paste has been synthesized via the simple ultrasonic mixing of two types of unimodal AgNPs (10 and 50 nm in diameter). By sintering this paste at 250 °C for 30 min, we obtained an ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 278.5 W m(-1) K(-1), approximately 65% of the theoretical value for bulk Ag. The shear strength before and after thermal cycling at 50-200 °C for 1000 cycles was approximately 41.80 and 28.75 MPa, respectively. The results show that this excellent performance is attributable to the unique sintered structures inside the bimodal AgNP paste, including its low but stable porosity and the high density coherent twins. In addition, we systematically discuss the sintering behavior of this paste, including the decomposition of the organic layers and the formation of the coherent twins. On the basis of these results, we confirm that our bimodal AgNP paste has excellent potential as a thermal interface material for high temperature power device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Liu BY, Wang J, Li B, Lu L, Zhang XY, Shan ZW, Li J, Jia CL, Sun J, Ma E. Twinning-like lattice reorientation without a crystallographic twinning plane. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3297. [PMID: 24522756 PMCID: PMC3929781 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twinning on the plane is a common mode of plastic deformation for hexagonal-close-packed metals. Here we report, by monitoring the deformation of submicron-sized single-crystal magnesium compressed normal to its prismatic plane with transmission electron microscopy, the reorientation of the parent lattice to a ‘twin’ lattice, producing an orientational relationship akin to that of the conventional twinning, but without a crystallographic mirror plane, and giving plastic strain that is not simple shear. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that the boundary between the parent lattice and the ‘twin’ lattice is composed predominantly of semicoherent basal/prismatic interfaces instead of the twinning plane. The migration of this boundary is dominated by the movement of these interfaces undergoing basal/prismatic transformation via local rearrangements of atoms. This newly discovered deformation mode by boundary motion mimics conventional deformation twinning but is distinct from the latter and, as such, broadens the known mechanisms of plasticity. Deformation twinning and dislocations are known to govern the plastic behaviour of metals at room temperature. Here the authors demonstrate a new deformation mechanism in single-crystal magnesium characterized by twin-like crystal reorientation and special interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yu Liu
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Wang
- MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- International Center of Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xi-Yan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Shan
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ju Li
- 1] Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China [2] Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Chun-Lin Jia
- International Center of Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Evan Ma
- 1] Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Yu Q, Qi L, Tsuru T, Traylor R, Rugg D, Morris JW, Asta M, Chrzan DC, Minor AM. Origin of dramatic oxygen solute strengthening effect in titanium. Science 2015; 347:635-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1260485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Structural alloys are often strengthened through the addition of solute atoms. However, given that solute atoms interact weakly with the elastic fields of screw dislocations, it has long been accepted that solution hardening is only marginally effective in materials with mobile screw dislocations. By using transmission electron microscopy and nanomechanical characterization, we report that the intense hardening effect of dilute oxygen solutes in pure α-Ti is due to the interaction between oxygen and the core of screw dislocations that mainly glide on prismatic planes. First-principles calculations reveal that distortion of the interstitial sites at the screw dislocation core creates a very strong but short-range repulsion for oxygen that is consistent with experimental observations. These results establish a highly effective mechanism for strengthening by interstitial solutes.
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Hua G, Li D. A first-principles study on the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of (Nb1−xTix)C complex carbides based on virtual crystal approximation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the properties of complex carbides was achieved by component control, which enables it as a better candidate for specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Hua
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G 2V4
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G 2V4
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31
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Liu L, Ding X, Li J, Lookman T, Sun J. Direct observation of hierarchical nucleation of martensite and size-dependent superelasticity in shape memory alloys. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2067-2072. [PMID: 24384687 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05258c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Martensitic transformation usually creates hierarchical internal structures beyond mere change of the atomic crystal structure. Multi-stage nucleation is thus required, where nucleation (level-1) of the underlying atomic crystal lattice does not have to be immediately followed by the nucleation of higher-order superstructures (level-2 and above), such as polysynthetic laths. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we directly observe the nucleation of the level-2 superstructure in a Cu-Al-Ni single crystal under compression, with critical super-nuclei size L2c around 500 nm. When the sample size D decreases below L2c, the superelasticity behavior changes from a flat stress plateau to a continuously rising stress-strain curve. Such size dependence definitely would impact the application of shape memory alloys in miniaturized MEMS/NEMS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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32
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Wang YM, Sansoz F, LaGrange T, Ott RT, Marian J, Barbee TW, Hamza AV. Defective twin boundaries in nanotwinned metals. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:697-702. [PMID: 23685864 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coherent twin boundaries (CTBs) are widely described, both theoretically and experimentally, as perfect interfaces that play a significant role in a variety of materials. Although the ability of CTBs in strengthening, maintaining the ductility and minimizing the electron scattering is well documented, most of our understanding of the origin of these properties relies on perfect-interface assumptions. Here we report experiments and simulations demonstrating that as-grown CTBs in nanotwinned copper are inherently defective with kink-like steps and curvature, and that these imperfections consist of incoherent segments and partial dislocations. We further show that these defects play a crucial role in the deformation mechanisms and mechanical behaviour of nanotwinned copper. Our findings offer a view of the structure of CTBs that is largely different from that in the literature, and underscore the significance of imperfections in nanotwin-strengthened materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Morris Wang
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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Reducing deformation anisotropy to achieve ultrahigh strength and ductility in Mg at the nanoscale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13289-93. [PMID: 23904487 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306371110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In mechanical deformation of crystalline materials, the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS; τCRSS) is the stress required to initiate movement of dislocations on a specific plane. In plastically anisotropic materials, such as Mg, τCRSS for different slip systems differs greatly, leading to relatively poor ductility and formability. However, τCRSS for all slip systems increases as the physical dimension of the sample decreases to approach eventually the ideal shear stresses of a material, which are much less anisotropic. Therefore, as the size of a sample gets smaller, the yield stress increases and τCRSS anisotropy decreases. Here, we use in situ transmission electron microscopy mechanical testing and atomistic simulations to demonstrate that τCRSS anisotropy can be significantly reduced in nanoscale Mg single crystals, where extremely high stresses (∼2 GPa) activate multiple deformation modes, resulting in a change from basal slip-dominated plasticity to a more homogeneous plasticity. Consequently, an abrupt and dramatic size-induced "brittle-to-ductile" transition occurs around 100 nm. This nanoscale change in the CRSS anisotropy demonstrates the powerful effect of size-related deformation mechanisms and should be a general feature in plastically anisotropic materials.
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Nie JF, Zhu YM, Liu JZ, Fang XY. Periodic Segregation of Solute Atoms in Fully Coherent Twin Boundaries. Science 2013; 340:957-60. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1229369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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