1
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Cortés E, Wendisch FJ, Sortino L, Mancini A, Ezendam S, Saris S, de S. Menezes L, Tittl A, Ren H, Maier SA. Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15082-15176. [PMID: 35728004 PMCID: PMC9562288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light-matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Seryio Saris
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics
Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie
Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Department
of Phyiscs, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
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2
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Wang Y, Zhao L, Cui A, Wang X, He Q, Yang S. Sculpting Electrochemically Growing or Grown Microarchitectures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203628. [PMID: 36135803 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microarchitectures with complex interior structures are important for many applications. However, engineering complex interior structures within microarchitectures are challenging. This article reports the introduction of electrochemical sculpting processes to carve the microarchitectures during or after their electrochemical growing process to design the interior structure of the microarchitectures. The electrochemical growing and sculpting process tangle together under the constant voltage electrodeposition mode with their strength depending on the ion concentration gradient and the voltage value. The unique thawing process of the frozen electrolyte is used to create the desired sharp ion concentration gradient, and has the potential to control the strength of the sculpting and the growing processes. How to completely decouple the growing and the sculpting process is further studied to gain more accurate control over the interior structures of the microarchitectures. It is revealed that the sculpting process can be exclusively applied onto the electrochemically grown microarchitectures simply by reversing the electric field without triggering any growing processes. Microarchitectures with complex interior structures, including micropyramids with a single cavity exclusively at the outward or every apex to multi-walled hollow pyramids with designable wall numbers and inter-wall distances are prepared as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The first affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The first affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Aoran Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, The first affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shikuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The first affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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3
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De Tommasi E, De Luca AC. Diatom biosilica in plasmonics: applications in sensing, diagnostics and therapeutics [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3080-3101. [PMID: 35774319 PMCID: PMC9203090 DOI: 10.1364/boe.457483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several living organisms are able to synthesize complex nanostructures provided with peculiar physical and chemical properties by means of finely-tuned, genetically controlled biomineralization processes. Frustules, in particular, are micro- and nano-structured silica shells produced by ubiquitous diatom microalgae, whose optical properties have been recently exploited in photonics, solar energy harvesting, and biosensing. Metallization of diatom biosilica, both in the shape of intact frustules or diatomite particles, can trigger plasmonic effects that in turn can find application in high-sensitive detection platforms, allowing to obtain effective nanosensors at low cost and on a large scale. The aim of the present review article is to provide a wide, complete overview on the main metallization techniques applied to diatom biosilica and on the principal applications of diatom-based plasmonic devices mainly but not exclusively in the fields of biochemical sensing, diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo De Tommasi
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Unit of Naples, Via P. Castellino 111, I-80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara De Luca
- National Research Council, Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", Unit of Naples, Via P. Castellino 111, I-80131, Naples, Italy
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4
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Abstract
Current advances in the fabrication of smart nanomaterials and nanostructured surfaces find wide usage in the biomedical field. In this context, nanosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance exhibit unprecedented optical features that can be exploited to reduce the costs, analytic times, and need for expensive lab equipment. Moreover, they are promising for the design of nanoplatforms with multiple functionalities (e.g., multiplexed detection) with large integration within microelectronics and microfluidics. In this review, we summarize the most recent design strategies, fabrication approaches, and bio-applications of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) arranged in colloids, nanoarrays, and nanocomposites. After a brief introduction on the physical principles behind plasmonic nanostructures both as inherent optical detection and as nanoantennas for external signal amplification, we classify the proposed examples in colloid-based devices when plasmonic NPs operate in solution, nanoarrays when they are assembled or fabricated on rigid substrates, and nanocomposites when they are assembled within flexible/polymeric substrates. We highlight the main biomedical applications of the proposed devices and offer a general overview of the main strengths and limitations of the currently available plasmonic nanodevices.
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5
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Zhao Y, Iarossi M, De Fazio AF, Huang JA, De Angelis F. Label-Free Optical Analysis of Biomolecules in Solid-State Nanopores: Toward Single-Molecule Protein Sequencing. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:730-742. [PMID: 35308409 PMCID: PMC8931763 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sequence identification of peptides and proteins is central to proteomics. Protein sequencing is mainly conducted by insensitive mass spectroscopy because proteins cannot be amplified, which hampers applications such as single-cell proteomics and precision medicine. The commercial success of portable nanopore sequencers for single DNA molecules has inspired extensive research and development of single-molecule techniques for protein sequencing. Among them, three challenges remain: (1) discrimination of the 20 amino acids as building blocks of proteins; (2) unfolding proteins; and (3) controlling the motion of proteins with nonuniformly charged sequences. In this context, the emergence of label-free optical analysis techniques for single amino acids and peptides by solid-state nanopores shows promise for addressing the first challenge. In this Perspective, we first discuss the current challenges of single-molecule fluorescence detection and nanopore resistive pulse sensing in a protein sequencing. Then, label-free optical methods are described to show how they address the single-amino-acid identification within single peptides. They include localized surface plasmon resonance detection and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on plasmonic nanopores. Notably, we report new data to show the ability of plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering to record and discriminate the 20 amino acids at a single-molecule level. In addition, we discuss briefly the manipulation of molecule translocation and liquid flow in plasmonic nanopores for controlling molecule movement to allow high-resolution reading of protein sequences. We envision that a combination of Raman spectroscopy with plasmonic nanopores can succeed in single-molecule protein sequencing in a label-free way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhao
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marzia Iarossi
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Jian-An Huang
- Faculty
of Medicine, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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6
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Chou Chao CT, Chou Chau YF, Chiang HP. Biosensing on a Plasmonic Dual-Band Perfect Absorber Using Intersection Nanostructure. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1139-1149. [PMID: 35036777 PMCID: PMC8757453 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical absorbers with multiple absorption channels are required in integrated optical circuits and have always been a challenge in visible and near-infrared (NIR) region. This paper proposes a perfect plasmonic absorber (PPA) that consists of a closed loop and a linked intersection in a unit cell for sensitive biosensing applications. We elucidate the physical nature of finite element method simulations through the absorptance spectrum, electric field intensity, magnetic flux density, and surface charge distribution. The designed PPA achieves triple channels, and the recorded dual-band absorptance reaches 99.64 and 99.00% nm, respectively. Besides, the sensitivity can get 1000.00 and 650 nm/RIU for mode 1 and mode 2, respectively. Our design has a strong electric and magnetic field coupling arising from the mutual inductance and the capacitive coupling in the proposed plasmonic system. Therefore, the designed structure can serve as a promising option for biosensors and other optical devices. Here, we illustrated two examples, i.e., detecting cancerous cells and diabetes cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ting Chou Chao
- Department
of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Fong Chou Chau
- Centre
for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hai-Pang Chiang
- Department
of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
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7
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Tchoe Y, Lee J, Liu R, Bourhis AM, Vatsyayan R, Tonsfeldt KJ, Dayeh SA. Considerations and recent advances in nanoscale interfaces with neuronal and cardiac networks. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:041317. [PMID: 34868443 PMCID: PMC8596389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale interfaces with biological tissue, principally made with nanowires (NWs), are envisioned as minimally destructive to the tissue and as scalable tools to directly transduce the electrochemical activity of a neuron at its finest resolution. This review lays the foundations for understanding the material and device considerations required to interrogate neuronal activity at the nanoscale. We first discuss the electrochemical nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces and then present new results concerning the electrochemical impedance and charge injection capacities of millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scale wires with Pt, PEDOT:PSS, Si, Ti, ITO, IrO x , Ag, and AgCl materials. Using established circuit models for NW-neuron interfaces, we discuss the impact of having multiple NWs interfacing with a single neuron on the amplitude and temporal characteristics of the recorded potentials. We review state of the art advances in nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces, the standard control experiments to investigate their electrophysiological behavior, and present recent high fidelity recordings of intracellular potentials obtained with ultrasharp NWs developed in our laboratory that naturally permeate neuronal cell bodies. Recordings from arrays and individually addressable electrically shorted NWs are presented, and the long-term stability of intracellular recording is discussed and put in the context of established techniques. Finally, a perspective on future research directions and applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M. Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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8
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Perricone V, Santulli C, Rendina F, Langella C. Organismal Design and Biomimetics: A Problem of Scale. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6040056. [PMID: 34698083 PMCID: PMC8544225 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms and their features represent a complex system of solutions that can efficiently inspire the development of original and cutting-edge design applications: the related discipline is known as biomimetics. From the smallest to the largest, every species has developed and adapted different working principles based on their relative dimensional realm. In nature, size changes determine remarkable effects in organismal structures, functions, and evolutionary innovations. Similarly, size and scaling rules need to be considered in the biomimetic transfer of solutions to different dimensions, from nature to artefacts. The observation of principles that occur at very small scales, such as for nano- and microstructures, can often be seen and transferred to a macroscopic scale. However, this transfer is not always possible; numerous biological structures lose their functionality when applied to different scale dimensions. Hence, the evaluation of the effects and changes in scaling biological working principles to the final design dimension is crucial for the success of any biomimetic transfer process. This review intends to provide biologists and designers with an overview regarding scale-related principles in organismal design and their application to technical projects regarding mechanics, optics, electricity, and acoustics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perricone
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Carlo Santulli
- School of Science and Technology, Università di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano 7, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Francesco Rendina
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope”, URL CoNISMa, Centro Direzionale, Is. C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Carla Langella
- Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via San Lorenzo, 81031 Aversa, Italy;
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9
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Jonker D, Jafari Z, Winczewski JP, Eyovge C, Berenschot JW, Tas NR, Gardeniers JGE, De Leon I, Susarrey-Arce A. A wafer-scale fabrication method for three-dimensional plasmonic hollow nanopillars. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4926-4939. [PMID: 34485816 PMCID: PMC8386417 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Access to nanofabrication strategies for crafting three-dimensional plasmonic structures is limited. In this work, a fabrication strategy to produce 3D plasmonic hollow nanopillars (HNPs) using Talbot lithography and I-line photolithography is introduced. This method is named subtractive hybrid lithography (SHL), and permits intermixed usage of nano-and-macroscale patterns. Sputter-redeposition of gold (Au) on the SHL resist pattern yields large areas of dense periodic Au-HNPs. These Au-HNPs are arranged in a square unit cell with a 250 nm pitch. The carefully controlled fabrication process resulted in Au-HNPs with nanoscale dimensions over the Au-HNP dimensions such as an 80 ± 2 nm thick solid base with a 133 ± 4 nm diameter, and a 170 ± 10 nm high nano-rim with a 14 ± 3 nm sidewall rim-thickness. The plasmonic optical response is assessed with FDTD-modeling and reveals that the highest field enhancement is at the top of the hollow nanopillar rim. The modeled field enhancement factor (EF) is compared to the experimental analytical field enhancement factor, which shows to pair up with ca. 103 < EF < 104 and ca. 103 < EF < 105 for excitation wavelengths of 633 and 785 nm. From a broader perspective, our results can stimulate the use of Au-HNPs in the fields of plasmonic sensors and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jonker
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente PO. Box 217 Enschede 7500AE The Netherlands
| | - Z Jafari
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey Monterrey Nuevo Leon 64849 Mexico
| | - J P Winczewski
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente PO. Box 217 Enschede 7500AE The Netherlands
| | - C Eyovge
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente PO. Box 217 Enschede 7500AE The Netherlands
| | - J W Berenschot
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente PO. Box 217 Enschede 7500AE The Netherlands
| | - N R Tas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente PO. Box 217 Enschede 7500AE The Netherlands
| | - J G E Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente PO. Box 217 Enschede 7500AE The Netherlands
| | - I De Leon
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey Monterrey Nuevo Leon 64849 Mexico
| | - A Susarrey-Arce
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente PO. Box 217 Enschede 7500AE The Netherlands
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10
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Physical, Chemical, and Genetic Techniques for Diatom Frustule Modification: Applications in Nanotechnology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diatom frustules represent one of the most complex examples of micro- and nano-structured materials found in nature, being the result of a biomineralization process refined through tens of milions of years of evolution. They are constituted by an intricate, ordered porous silica matrix which recently found several applications in optoelectronics, sensing, solar light harvesting, filtering, and drug delivery, to name a few. The possibility to modify the composition and the structure of frustules can further broaden the range of potential applications, adding new functions and active features to the material. In the present work the most remarkable physical and chemical techniques aimed at frustule modification are reviewed, also examining the most recent genetic techniques developed for its controlled morphological mutation.
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11
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Laney SK, Li T, Michalska M, Ramirez F, Portnoi M, Oh J, Tiwari MK, Thayne IG, Parkin IP, Papakonstantinou I. Spacer-Defined Intrinsic Multiple Patterning. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12091-12100. [PMID: 32813489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Periodic nanotube arrays render enhanced functional properties through their interaction with light and matter, but to reach optimal performance for technologically prominent applications, such as wettability or photonics, structural fine-tuning is essential. Nonetheless, a universal and scalable method providing independent dimension control, high aspect ratios, and the prospect of further structural complexity remains unachieved. Here, we answer this need through an atomic layer deposition (ALD)-enabled multiple patterning. Unlike previous methods, the ALD-deposited spacer is applied directly on the prepatterned target substrate material, serving as an etching mask to generate a multitude of tailored nanotubes. By concept iteration, we further realize concentric and/or binary nanoarrays in a number of industrially important materials such as silicon, glass, and polymers. To demonstrate the achieved quality and applicability of the structures, we probe how nanotube fine-tuning induces broadband antireflection and present a surface boasting extremely low reflectance of <1% across the wavelength range of 300-1050 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Katharine Laney
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Li
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Martyna Michalska
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Ramirez
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Portnoi
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Junho Oh
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Manish K Tiwari
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, London W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Iain G Thayne
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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12
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Dai C, Lin Z, Agarwal K, Mikhael C, Aich A, Gupta K, Cho JH. Self-Assembled 3D Nanosplit Rings for Plasmon-Enhanced Optofluidic Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6697-6705. [PMID: 32808792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic sensors are commonly defined on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces with an enhanced electromagnetic field only near the surface, which requires precise positioning of the targeted molecules within hotspots. To address this challenge, we realize segmented nanocylinders that incorporate plasmonic (1-50 nm) gaps within three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures (nanocylinders) using electron irradiation triggered self-assembly. The 3D structures allow desired plasmonic patterns on their inner cylindrical walls forming the nanofluidic channels. The nanocylinders bridge nanoplasmonics and nanofluidics by achieving electromagnetic field enhancement and fluid confinement simultaneously. This hybrid system enables rapid diffusion of targeted species to the larger spatial hotspots in the 3D plasmonic structures, leading to enhanced interactions that contribute to a higher sensitivity. This concept has been demonstrated by characterizing an optical response of the 3D plasmonic nanostructures using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which shows enhancement over a 22 times higher intensity for hemoglobin fingerprints with nanocylinders compared to 2D nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Dai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zihao Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kriti Agarwal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carol Mikhael
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anupam Aich
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- SCIRE, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822, United States
| | - Jeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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13
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Bruno G, Colistra N, Melle G, Cerea A, Hubarevich A, Deleye L, De Angelis F, Dipalo M. Microfluidic Multielectrode Arrays for Spatially Localized Drug Delivery and Electrical Recordings of Primary Neuronal Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:626. [PMID: 32656200 PMCID: PMC7325920 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathological models and neurological disease progression and treatments have always been of great interest in biomedical research because of their impact on society. The application of in vitro microfluidic devices to neuroscience-related disciplines provided several advancements in therapeutics or neuronal modeling thanks to the ability to control the cellular microenvironment at spatiotemporal level. Recently, the introduction of three-dimensional nanostructures has allowed high performance in both in vitro recording of electrogenic cells and drug delivery using minimally invasive devices. Independently, both delivery and recording have let to pioneering solutions in neurobiology. However, their combination on a single chip would provide further fundamental improvements in drug screening systems and would offer comprehensive insights into pathologies and diseases progression. Therefore, it is crucial to develop platforms able to monitor progressive changes in electrophysiological behavior in the electrogenic cellular network, induced by spatially localized injection of biochemical agents. In this work, we show the application of a microfluidic multielectrode array (MEA) platform to record spontaneous and chemically stimulated activity in primary neuronal networks. By means of spatially localized caffeine injection via microfluidic nanochannels, the device demonstrated its capability of combined localized drug delivery and cell signaling recording. The platform could detect activity of the neural network at multiple sites while delivering molecules into just a few selected cells, thereby examining the effect of biochemical agents on the desired portion of cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bruno
- DIBRIS, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Melle
- DIBRIS, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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14
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Narasimhan V, Siddique RH, Park H, Choo H. Bioinspired Disordered Flexible Metasurfaces for Human Tear Analysis Using Broadband Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12915-12922. [PMID: 32548475 PMCID: PMC7288574 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has received attention as a means to move SERS-based broadband biosensing from bench to bedside. However, traditional flexible periodic nano-arrangements with sharp plasmonic resonances or their random counterparts with spatially varying uncontrollable enhancements are not reliable for practical broadband biosensing. Here, we report bioinspired quasi-(dis)ordered nanostructures presenting a broadband yet tunable application-specific SERS enhancement profile. Using simple, scalable biomimetic fabrication, we create a flexible metasurface (flex-MS) of quasi-(dis)ordered metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanostructures with spectrally variable, yet spatially controlled electromagnetic hotspots. The MIM is designed to simultaneously localize the electromagnetic signal and block background Raman signals from the underlying polymeric substrate-an inherent problem of flexible SERS. We elucidate the effect of quasi-(dis)ordering on broadband tunable SERS enhancement and employ the flex-MS in a practical broadband SERS demonstration to detect human tear uric acid within its physiological concentration range (25-150 μM). The performance of the flex-MS toward noninvasively detecting whole human tear uric acid levels ex vivo is in good agreement with a commercial enzyme-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Narasimhan
- Department
of Medical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Radwanul Hasan Siddique
- Department
of Medical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Image
Sensor Lab, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc., Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Haeri Park
- Department
of Medical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hyuck Choo
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Samsung
Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung
Electronics, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
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15
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Messina GC, Zambrana-Puyalto X, Maccaferri N, Garoli D, De Angelis F. Two-state switchable plasmonic tweezers for dynamic manipulation of nano-objects. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8574-8581. [PMID: 32248206 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00721h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a plasmonic platform capable of trapping nano-objects in two different spatial configurations. The switch between the two trapping states, localized on the tip and on the outer wall of a vertical gold nanochannel, can be activated by varying the focusing position of the excitation laser along the main axis of the nanotube. We show that the switching of the trapping site is induced by changes in the distribution of the electromagnetic field and of the trapping force. The "inner" and "outer" trapping states are characterized by a static and a dynamic behavior respectively, and their stiffness is measured by analyzing the positions of the trapped specimens as a function of time. In addition, we demonstrate that the stiffness of the static state is high enough to trap particles with diameter as small as 40 nm. These results show a simple, controllable way to generate a switchable two-state trapping regime, which could be used as a model for the study of dynamic trapping or as a mechanism for the development of nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele C Messina
- Plasmon Nanostructures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova GE, Italy.
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16
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Chou Chau YF, Chou Chao CT, Huang HJ, Kooh MRR, Kumara NTRN, Lim CM, Chiang HP. Perfect Dual-Band Absorber Based on Plasmonic Effect with the Cross-Hair/Nanorod Combination. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030493. [PMID: 32182902 PMCID: PMC7153243 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic effect using a cross-hair can convey strongly localized surface plasmon modes among the separated composite nanostructures. Compared to its counterpart without the cross-hair, this characteristic has the remarkable merit of enhancing absorptance at resonance and can make the structure carry out a dual-band plasmonic perfect absorber (PPA). In this paper, we propose and design a novel dual-band PPA with a gathering of four metal-shell nanorods using a cross-hair operating at visible and near-infrared regions. Two absorptance peaks at 1050 nm and 750 nm with maximal absorptance of 99.59% and 99.89% for modes 1 and 2, respectively, are detected. High sensitivity of 1200 nm refractive unit (1/RIU), figure of merit of 26.67 and Q factor of 23.33 are acquired, which are very remarkable compared with the other PPAs. In addition, the absorptance in mode 1 is about nine times compared to its counterpart without the cross-hair. The proposed structure gives a novel inspiration for the design of a tunable dual-band PPA, which can be exploited for plasmonic sensor and other nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fong Chou Chau
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei; (M.R.R.K.); (N.T.R.N.K.); (C.M.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.C.C.); (H.-P.C.); Tel.: +673-7150039 (Y.-F.C.C.); +886-2-24622192 (ext. 6702) (H.-P.C.)
| | - Chung-Ting Chou Chao
- Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
| | - Hung Ji Huang
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Muhammad Raziq Rahimi Kooh
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei; (M.R.R.K.); (N.T.R.N.K.); (C.M.L.)
| | - N. T. R. N. Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei; (M.R.R.K.); (N.T.R.N.K.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Chee Ming Lim
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei; (M.R.R.K.); (N.T.R.N.K.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Hai-Pang Chiang
- Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.C.C.); (H.-P.C.); Tel.: +673-7150039 (Y.-F.C.C.); +886-2-24622192 (ext. 6702) (H.-P.C.)
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17
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Higgins SG, Becce M, Belessiotis-Richards A, Seong H, Sero JE, Stevens MM. High-Aspect-Ratio Nanostructured Surfaces as Biological Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903862. [PMID: 31944430 PMCID: PMC7610849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials patterned with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures have features on similar length scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular level and have become useful tools for perturbing and sensing the cellular environment. Motivation comes from the ability of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures to deliver cargoes into cells and tissues, access the intracellular environment, and control cell behavior. These structures directly perturb cells' ability to sense and respond to external forces, influencing cell fate, and enabling new mechanistic studies. Through careful design of their nanoscale structure, these systems act as biological metamaterials, eliciting unusual biological responses. While predominantly used to interface eukaryotic cells, there is growing interest in nonanimal and prokaryotic cell interfacing. Both experimental and theoretical studies have attempted to develop a mechanistic understanding for the observed behaviors, predominantly focusing on the cell-nanostructure interface. This review considers how high-aspect-ratio nanostructured surfaces are used to both stimulate and sense biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | - Hyejeong Seong
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julia E. Sero
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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18
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Nugroho FAA, Albinsson D, Antosiewicz TJ, Langhammer C. Plasmonic Metasurface for Spatially Resolved Optical Sensing in Three Dimensions. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2345-2353. [PMID: 31986008 PMCID: PMC7045695 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The highly localized sensitivity of metallic nanoparticles sustaining localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) enables detection of minute events occurring close to the particle surface and forms the basis for nanoplasmonic sensing. To date, nanoplasmonic sensors typically consist of two-dimensional (2D) nanoparticle arrays and can therefore only probe processes that occur within the array plane, leaving unaddressed the potential of sensing in three dimensions (3D). Here, we present a plasmonic metasurface comprising arrays of stacked Ag nanodisks separated by a thick SiO2 dielectric layer, which, through rational design, exhibit two distinct and spectrally separated LSPR sensing peaks and corresponding spatially separated sensing locations in the axial direction. This arrangement thus enables real-time plasmonic sensing in 3D. As a proof-of-principle, we successfully determine in a single experiment the layer-specific glass transition temperatures of a bilayer polymer thin film of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, and poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(methacrylic acid), P(MMA-MAA). Our work thus demonstrates a strategy for nanoplasmonic sensor design and utilization to simultaneously probe local chemical or physical processes at spatially different locations. In a wider perspective, it stimulates further development of sensors that employ multiple detection elements to generate distinct and spectrally individually addressable LSPR modes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Albinsson
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J. Antosiewicz
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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19
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Wu Y, Chen H, Guo L. Opportunities and dilemmas of in vitro nano neural electrodes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:187-200. [PMID: 35492533 PMCID: PMC9047985 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing electrophysiological platforms to capture electrical activities of neurons and exert modulatory stimuli lays the foundation for many neuroscience-related disciplines, including the neuron–machine interface, neuroprosthesis, and mapping of brain circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Haowen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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20
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Fabrication and Characterization of a Metallic-Dielectric Nanorod Array by Nanosphere Lithography for Plasmonic Sensing Application. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121691. [PMID: 31779222 PMCID: PMC6956078 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a periodic metallic–dielectric nanorod array which consists of Si nanorods coated with 30 nm Ag thin film set in a hexagonal configuration is fabricated and characterized. The fabrication procedure is performed by using nanosphere lithography with reactive ion etching, followed by Ag thin-film deposition. The mechanism of the surface and gap plasmon modes supported by the fabricated structure is numerically demonstrated by the three-dimensional finite element method. The measured and simulated absorptance spectra are observed to have a same trend and a qualitative fit. Our fabricated plasmonic sensor shows an average sensitivity of 340.0 nm/RIU when applied to a refractive index sensor ranging from 1.0 to 1.6. The proposed substrates provide a practical plasmonic nanorod-based sensing platform, and the fabrication methods used are technically effective and low-cost.
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21
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Fan M, Andrade GFS, Brolo AG. A review on recent advances in the applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering in analytical chemistry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1097:1-29. [PMID: 31910948 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on recent developments of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications in Analytical Chemistry. The work covers advances in the fabrication methods of SERS substrates, including nanoparticles immobilization techniques and advanced nanopatterning with metallic features. Recent insights in quantitative and sampling methods for SERS implementation and the development of new SERS-based approaches for both qualitative and quantitative analysis are discussed. The advent of methods for pre-concentration and new approaches for single-molecule SERS quantification, such as the digital SERS procedure, has provided additional improvements in the analytical figures-of-merit for analysis and assays based on SERS. The use of metal nanostructures as SERS detection elements integrated in devices, such as microfluidic systems and optical fibers, provided new tools for SERS applications that expand beyond the laboratory environment, bringing new opportunities for real-time field tests and process monitoring based on SERS. Finally, selected examples of SERS applications in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry are discussed. The breadth of this work reflects the vast diversity of subjects and approaches that are inherent to the SERS field. The state of the field indicates the potential for a variety of new SERS-based methods and technologies that can be routinely applied in analytical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meikun Fan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Gustavo F S Andrade
- Centro de Estudos de Materiais, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário s/n, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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22
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Dipalo M, Caprettini V, Bruno G, Caliendo F, Garma LD, Melle G, Dukhinova M, Siciliano V, Santoro F, De Angelis F. Membrane Poration Mechanisms at the Cell-Nanostructure Interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900148. [PMID: 32648684 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
3D vertical nanostructures have become one of the most significant methods for interfacing cells and the nanoscale and for accessing significant intracellular functionalities such as membrane potential. As this intracellular access can be induced by means of diverse cellular membrane poration mechanisms, it is important to investigate in detail the cell condition after membrane rupture for assessing the real effects of the poration techniques on the biological environment. Indeed, differences of the membrane dynamics and reshaping have not been observed yet when the membrane-nanostructure system is locally perturbed by, for instance, diverse membrane breakage events. In this work, new insights are provided into the membrane dynamics in case of two different poration approaches, optoacoustic- and electro-poration, both mediated by the same 3D nanostructures. The experimental results offer a detailed overview on the different poration processes in terms of electrical recordings and membrane conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Bruno
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi. DIBRIS, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, 16126, Italy
| | - Fabio Caliendo
- Center for Advacend Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Leonardo D Garma
- Center for Advacend Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Giovanni Melle
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi. DIBRIS, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, 16126, Italy
| | - Marina Dukhinova
- Center for Advacend Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Velia Siciliano
- Center for Advacend Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advacend Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, 80125, Italy
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23
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Yu N, Liu Y, Wang S, Tang X, Ge P, Nan J, Zhang J, Yang B. Pressure-controlled microfluidic sub-picoliter ultramicro-volume syringes based on integrated micro-nanostructure arrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3368-3374. [PMID: 31549119 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00730j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultramicro-volume syringes were fabricated by integrating micro-nanostructure arrays in microchannels for quantitatively dispensing sub-picoliter volumes of liquids. Using this system, liquids were dispensed in volume increments as low as 0.5 pL with 96% accuracy. Specifically, the controllable synthesis of nanocrystals was achieved using a lab-on-chip platform that was integrated with the syringes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, P. R. China.
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24
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Soft Electroporation Through 3D Hollow Nanoelectrodes. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31468475 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9740-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Generally, electroporation of in vitro cells is performed under very high electric fields to overcome the physical barrier of plasma membrane. Since traditional electroporation techniques make use of very high voltages, which is critical to cell viability, this study presents a microfluidic platform able to perform cell membrane electroporation with the application of low voltages (1.5-2 V). The platform is manufactured based on the milling by mean of focused ionic beam, which offers an established approach to fabricate ordered arrays of 3D gold hollow nanoelectrodes protruding from an insulating substrate. The novelty of this fabrication relies on the fact that the nanoelectrodes used for electroporation are simultaneously metallic, hollow and communicate through its nanochannels with an isolated microfluidic chamber beneath the device. Adherent cultured cells on the nanoelectrodes can be electroporated in this platform, and molecules can be selectively delivered only inside the porated cells.
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25
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Pisano F, Pisanello M, De Vittorio M, Pisanello F. Single-cell micro- and nano-photonic technologies. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 325:108355. [PMID: 31319100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of optogenetics, the technology development has focused on new methods to optically interact with single nerve cells. This gave rise to the field of photonic neural interfaces, intended as the set of technologies that can modify light radiation in either a linear or non-linear fashion to control and/or monitor cellular functions. This set includes the use of plasmonic effects, up-conversion, electron transfer and integrated light steering, with some of them already implemented in vivo. This article will review available approaches in this framework, with a particular emphasis on methods operating at the single-unit level or having the potential to reach single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Marco Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy; Dipartimento di Ingeneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy.
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26
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ElKabbash M, Miele E, Fumani AK, Wolf MS, Bozzola A, Haber E, Shahbazyan TV, Berezovsky J, De Angelis F, Strangi G. Cooperative Energy Transfer Controls the Spontaneous Emission Rate Beyond Field Enhancement Limits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:203901. [PMID: 31172774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.203901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters located in proximity to a metal nanostructure individually transfer their energy via near-field excitation of surface plasmons. The energy transfer process increases the spontaneous emission (SE) rate due to plasmon-enhanced local field. Here, we demonstrate a significant acceleration of the quantum emitter SE rate in a plasmonic nanocavity due to cooperative energy transfer (CET) from plasmon-correlated emitters. Using an integrated plasmonic nanocavity, we realize up to sixfold enhancement in the emission rate of emitters coupled to the same nanocavity on top of the plasmonic enhancement of the local density of states. The radiated power spectrum retains the plasmon resonance central frequency and line shape, with the peak amplitude proportional to the number of excited emitters indicating that the observed cooperative SE is distinct from superradiance. Plasmon-assisted CET offers unprecedented control over the SE rate and allows us to dynamically control the spontaneous emission rate at room temperature which can enable SE rate based optical modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed ElKabbash
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Ermanno Miele
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- IIT-Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ahmad K Fumani
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Michael S Wolf
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Angelo Bozzola
- IIT-Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisha Haber
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Tigran V Shahbazyan
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Jesse Berezovsky
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Strangi
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- IIT-Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- CNR-NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia and Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036-Rende, Italy
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27
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Nanostraw membrane stamping for direct delivery of molecules into adhesive cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6806. [PMID: 31048793 PMCID: PMC6497648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivering ions and molecules into living cells has become an important challenge in medical and biological fields. Conventional molecular delivery, however, has several issues such as physical and chemical damage to biological cells. Here, we present a method of directly delivering molecules into adhesive cells with an Au-based nanostraw membrane stamp that can physically inject a target molecule into the cytoplasm through a nanostraw duct. We successfully delivered calcein target molecules into adhesive cells with high efficiency (85%) and viability (90%). Furthermore, we modeled the molecular flow through Au nanostraws and then demonstrated the control of calcein flow by changing the concentration and geometry of Au nanostraws. Our Au membrane stamping provides a new way of accessing the cytoplasm to modulate cellular functions via injected molecules.
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Chau YFC, Chou Chao CT, Huang HJ, Lim RC, Chiang HP. Tunable plasmonic effects arising from metal-dielectric nanorods. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:2530-2539. [PMID: 31045053 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.002530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the plasmonic effects in a two-dimensional periodic array of metallodielectric nanorods with and without the rotational angle, in which the integration of the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and hollow plasmon resonance (HPR) properties is performed. Four patterns of nanostructures are investigated. We make use of the three-dimensional finite element method to obtain the simulation results, which demonstrate that the localized SPR and HPR in metallodielectric nanorods enhance the near-field intensity and increase the depth of the transmittance dip, providing an additional degree of freedom in the control of the light wave at the nanoscale. Numerical results show that the depth of the transmittance dip and sensitivity of case 1 and case 2 can be elevated to a value of 83.21% and 6.7 times, respectively, when the rotational angle of metal-dielectric nanorods varies from 0° to 90°. The sensitivity of case 3 and case 4 can be raised to the magnitude of 700-1091 nm/RIU (where RIU is the refractive index unit), and the characteristics enable the extensive applications for nanophotonic devices with high performance in a predictable manner.
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29
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Huang JA, Caprettini V, Zhao Y, Melle G, Maccaferri N, Deleye L, Zambrana-Puyalto X, Ardini M, Tantussi F, Dipalo M, De Angelis F. On-Demand Intracellular Delivery of Single Particles in Single Cells by 3D Hollow Nanoelectrodes. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:722-731. [PMID: 30673248 PMCID: PMC6378653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of molecules into intracellular compartments is one of the fundamental requirements in molecular biology. However, the possibility of delivering a precise number of nano-objects with single-particle resolution is still an open challenge. Here we present an electrophoretic platform based on 3D hollow nanoelectrodes to enable delivery of single nanoparticles into single selected cells and monitoring of the single-particle delivery by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The gold-coated hollow nanoelectrode capable of confinement and enhancement of electromagnetic fields upon laser illumination can distinguish the SERS signals of a single nanoparticle flowing through the nanoelectrode. Tight wrapping of cell membranes around the nanoelectrodes allows effective membrane electroporation such that single gold nanorods are delivered on demand into a living cell by electrophoresis. The capability of the 3D hollow nanoelectrodes to porate cells and reveal single emitters from the background in continuous flow is promising for the analysis of both intracellular delivery and sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-An Huang
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Caprettini
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, Via all’Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Melle
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, Via all’Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Lieselot Deleye
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ardini
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Michele Dipalo
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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30
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31
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Caprettini V, Huang J, Moia F, Jacassi A, Gonano CA, Maccaferri N, Capozza R, Dipalo M, De Angelis F. Enhanced Raman Investigation of Cell Membrane and Intracellular Compounds by 3D Plasmonic Nanoelectrode Arrays. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800560. [PMID: 30581692 PMCID: PMC6299714 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
3D nanostructures are widely exploited in cell cultures for many purposes such as controlled drug delivery, transfection, intracellular sampling, and electrical recording. However, little is known about the interaction of the cells with these substrates, and even less about the effects of electroporation on the cellular membrane and the nuclear envelope. This work exploits 3D plasmonic nanoelectrodes to study, by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the cell membrane dynamics on the nanostructured substrate before, during, and after electroporation. In vitro cultured cells tightly adhere on 3D plasmonic nanoelectrodes precisely in the plasmonic hot spots, making this kind of investigation possible. After electroporation, the cell membrane dynamics are studied by recording the Raman time traces of biomolecules in contact or next to the 3D plasmonic nanoelectrode. During this process, the 3D plasmonic nanoelectrodes are intracellularly coupled, thus enabling the monitoring of different molecular species, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Scanning electron microscopy cross-section analysis evidences the possibility of nuclear membrane poration compatible with the reported Raman spectra. These findings may open a new route toward controlled intracellular sampling and intranuclear delivery of genic materials. They also show the possibility of nuclear envelope disruption which may lead to negative side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian‐An Huang
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenoaItaly
| | - Fabio Moia
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenoaItaly
| | - Andrea Jacassi
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenoaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Michele Dipalo
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenoaItaly
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32
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Cerea A, Caprettini V, Bruno G, Lovato L, Melle G, Tantussi F, Capozza R, Moia F, Dipalo M, De Angelis F. Selective intracellular delivery and intracellular recordings combined in MEA biosensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3492-3500. [PMID: 30306172 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00435h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological studies on in vitro cell cultures are of fundamental importance to investigate cell response to external stimuli, such as new drugs for the treatment of specific pathologies, or to study communication between electrogenic cells. Although three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures brought tremendous improvements on biosensors used for various biological in vitro studies, including drug delivery and electrical recording, there is still a lack of multifunctional capabilities that could help gain deeper insights in several bio-related research fields. In this work, the electrical recording of large cell ensembles and the intracellular delivery of few selected cells are combined on the same device by integrating microfluidic channels on the bottom of a multi-electrode array decorated with 3D hollow nanostructures. The novel platform allows the recording of intracellular-like action potentials from large ensembles of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and from the HL-1 line, while different molecules are selectively delivered into single/few targeted cells. The proposed approach shows high potential for enabling new comprehensive studies that can relate drug effects to network level cell communication processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerea
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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33
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Mukaibo H. Template‐Synthesized Vertical Needle Array as Injection Platform for Microalgae. CHEM REC 2018; 19:859-872. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Mukaibo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Rochester 4510 Wegmans Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
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34
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Garoli D, Mosconi D, Miele E, Maccaferri N, Ardini M, Giovannini G, Dipalo M, Agnoli S, De Angelis F. Hybrid plasmonic nanostructures based on controlled integration of MoS 2 flakes on metallic nanoholes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17105-17111. [PMID: 30179242 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05026k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose an easy and robust strategy for the versatile preparation of hybrid plasmonic nanopores by means of controlled deposition of single flakes of MoS2 directly on top of metallic holes. The device is realized on silicon nitride membranes and can be further refined by TEM or FIB milling to achieve the passing of molecules or nanometric particles through a pore. Importantly, we show that the plasmonic enhancement provided by the nanohole is strongly accumulated in the 2D nanopore, thus representing an ideal system for single-molecule sensing and sequencing in a flow-through configuration. Here, we also demonstrate that the prepared 2D material can be decorated with metallic nanoparticles that can couple their resonance with the nanopore resonance to further enhance the electromagnetic field confinement at the nanoscale level. This method can be applied to any gold nanopore with a high level of reproducibility and parallelization; hence, it can pave the way to the next generation of solid-state nanopores with plasmonic functionalities. Moreover, the controlled/ordered integration of 2D materials on plasmonic nanostructures opens a pathway towards new investigation of the following: enhanced light emission; strong coupling from plasmonic hybrid structures; hot electron generation; and sensors in general based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Garoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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35
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Chau YF, Chou Chao CT, Lim CM, Huang HJ, Chiang HP. Depolying Tunable Metal-Shell/Dielectric Core Nanorod Arrays as the Virtually Perfect Absorber in the Near-Infrared Regime. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7508-7516. [PMID: 31458906 PMCID: PMC6644437 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the coupled Ag-shell/dielectric-core nanorod for sensor application is investigated and the different dielectric core plasmonic metamaterial is adopted in our design. The operational principle is based on the concept of combining the lattice resonance, localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and cavity plasmon resonance modes within the nanostructure. The underlying mechanisms are investigated numerically by using the three-dimensional finite element method and the numerical results of coupled solid Ag nanorods are included for comparison. The characteristic absorptance/reflectance peaks/dips have been demonstrated to be induced by different plasmonic modes that could lead to different responses required for plasmonic sensors. A nearly perfect absorptance and an approximate zero reflectance with a sharp band linewidth are obtained from the proposed system, when operated as an SPR sensor with the sensitivity and figure of merit of 757.58 nm/RIU (RIU is the refractive index unit) and 50.51 (RIU-1), respectively. Our work provides a promising method for the future developments of more advanced metamaterial absorber for chemical sensing, thermal radiation tailoring, field enhanced spectroscopy, and general filtering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fong
Chou Chau
- Centre
for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | | | - Chee Ming Lim
- Centre
for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hung Ji Huang
- Instrument
Technology Research Center, National Applied
Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Pang Chiang
- Institute
of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan
Ocean University, No.
2 Pei-Ning Road, 202 Keelung, Taiwan
- Institute
of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- E-mail:
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36
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Song J, Zhou W. Multiresonant Composite Optical Nanoantennas by Out-of-plane Plasmonic Engineering. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4409-4416. [PMID: 29923727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical nanoantennas can concentrate light and enhance light-matter interactions in subwavelength domain, which is useful for photodetection, light emission, optical biosensing, and spectroscopy. However, conventional optical nanoantennas operating at a single wavelength band are not suitable for multiband applications. Here, we propose and exploit an out-of-plane plasmonic engineering strategy to design and create composite optical nanoantennas that can support multiple nanolocalized modes at different resonant wavelengths. These multiresonant composite nanoantennas are composed of vertically stacked building blocks of metal-insulator-metal loop nanoantennas. Studies of multiresonant composite nanoantennas demonstrate that the number of supported modes depends on the number of vertically stacked building blocks and the resonant wavelengths of individual modes are tunable by controlling the out-of-plane geometries of their building blocks. In addition, numerical studies show that the resonant wavelengths of individual modes in composite nanoantennas can deviate from the optical response of building blocks due to hybridization of magnetic modes in neighboring building blocks. Using Au nanohole arrays as deposition masks to fabricate arrays of multilayered composite nanoantennas, we experimentally demonstrate their multiresonant optical properties in good agreement with theory predictions. These studies show that out-of-plane engineered multiresonant composite nanoantennas can provide new opportunities for fundamental nanophotonics research and practical applications involving optical multiband operations, such as multiphoton process, broadband solar energy conversion, and wavelength-multiplexed optical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeob Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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37
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McGuire AF, Santoro F, Cui B. Interfacing Cells with Vertical Nanoscale Devices: Applications and Characterization. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:101-126. [PMID: 29570360 PMCID: PMC6530470 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the intracellular state of mammalian cells often require probes or molecules to breach the tightly regulated cell membrane. Mammalian cells have been shown to grow well on vertical nanoscale structures in vitro, going out of their way to reach and tightly wrap the structures. A great deal of research has taken advantage of this interaction to bring probes close to the interface or deliver molecules with increased efficiency or ease. In turn, techniques have been developed to characterize this interface. Here, we endeavor to survey this research with an emphasis on the interface as driven by cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allister F McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
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38
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Tantussi F, Messina GC, Capozza R, Dipalo M, Lovato L, De Angelis F. Long-Range Capture and Delivery of Water-Dispersed Nano-objects by Microbubbles Generated on 3D Plasmonic Surfaces. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4116-4122. [PMID: 29589906 PMCID: PMC5968431 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of investigating small amounts of molecules, moieties, or nano-objects dispersed in solution constitutes a central step for various application areas in which high sensitivity is necessary. Here, we show that the rapid expansion of a water bubble can act as a fast-moving net for molecules or nano-objects, collecting the floating objects in the surrounding medium in a range up to 100 μm. Thanks to an engineered 3D patterning of the substrate, the collapse of the bubble could be guided toward a designed area of the surface with micrometric precision. Thus, a locally confined high density of particles is obtained, ready for evaluation by most optical/spectroscopic detection schemes. One of the main relevant strengths of the long-range capture and delivery method is the ability to increase, by a few orders of magnitude, the local density of particles with no changes in their physiological environment. The bubble is generated by an ultrafast IR laser pulse train focused on a resonant plasmonic antenna; due to the excitation process, the technique is trustworthy and applicable to biological samples. We have tested the reliabilities of the process by concentrating highly dispersed fluorescence molecules and fluorescent beads. Lastly, as an ultimate test, we have applied the bubble clustering method on nanosized exosome vesicles dispersed in water; due to the clustering effect, we were able to effectively perform Raman spectroscopy on specimens that were otherwise extremely difficult to measure.
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39
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Amin H, Dipalo M, De Angelis F, Berdondini L. Biofunctionalized 3D Nanopillar Arrays Fostering Cell Guidance and Promoting Synapse Stability and Neuronal Activity in Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15207-15215. [PMID: 29620843 PMCID: PMC5934727 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A controlled geometry of in vitro neuronal networks allows investigation of the cellular mechanisms that underlie neuron-to-neuron and neuron-extracellular matrix interactions, which are essential to biomedical research. Herein, we report a selective guidance of primary hippocampal neurons by using arrays of three-dimensional vertical nanopillars (NPs) functionalized with a specific adhesion-promoting molecule-poly-dl-ornithine (PDLO). We show that 90% of neuronal cells are guided exclusively on the combinatorial PDLO/NP substrate. Moreover, we demonstrate the influence of the interplay between nanostructures and neurons on synapse formation and maturation, resulting in increased expression of postsynaptic density-95 protein and enhanced network cellular activity conferred by the endogenous c-fos expression. Successful guidance to foster synapse stability and cellular activity on multilevel cues of surface topography and chemical functionalization suggests the potential to devise technologies to control neuronal growth on nanostructures for tissue engineering, neuroprostheses, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder Amin
- Nets Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience
and Brain
Technologies (NBT), and Department of Plasmon Nanotechnologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Dipalo
- Nets Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience
and Brain
Technologies (NBT), and Department of Plasmon Nanotechnologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Nets Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience
and Brain
Technologies (NBT), and Department of Plasmon Nanotechnologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Berdondini
- Nets Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience
and Brain
Technologies (NBT), and Department of Plasmon Nanotechnologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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40
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Managò S, Zito G, Rogato A, Casalino M, Esposito E, De Luca AC, De Tommasi E. Bioderived Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Nanostructures as Efficient Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for Cell Membrane Probing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12406-12416. [PMID: 29569901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose the use of complex, bioderived nanostructures as efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for chemical analysis of cellular membranes. These structures were directly obtained from a suitable gold metalization of the Pseudonitzchia multistriata diatom silica shell (the so called frustule), whose grating-like geometry provides large light coupling with external radiation, whereas its extruded, subwavelength lateral edge provides an excellent interaction with cells without steric hindrance. We carried out numerical simulations and experimental characterizations of the supported plasmonic resonances and optical near-field amplification. We thoroughly evaluated the SERS substrate enhancement factor as a function of the metalization parameters and finally applied the nanostrucures for discriminating cell membrane Raman signals. In particular, we considered two cases where the membrane composition plays a fundamental role in the assessment of several pathologies, that is, red blood cells and B-leukemia REH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Rogato
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology , Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn , Naples 80121 , Italy
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41
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Chau YFC, Wang CK, Shen L, Lim CM, Chiang HP, Chao CTC, Huang HJ, Lin CT, Kumara NTRN, Voo NY. Simultaneous realization of high sensing sensitivity and tunability in plasmonic nanostructures arrays. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16817. [PMID: 29196641 PMCID: PMC5711893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A plasmonic nanostructure (PNS) which integrates metallic and dielectric media within a single structure has been shown to exhibit specific plasmonic properties which are considered useful in refractive index (RI) sensor applications. In this paper, the simultaneous realization of sensitivity and tunability of the optical properties of PNSs consisting of alternative Ag and dielectric of nanosphere/nanorod array have been proposed and compared by using three-dimensional finite element method. The proposed system can support plasmonic hybrid modes and the localized surface plasmonic resonances and cavity plasmonic resonances within the individual PNS can be excited by the incident light. The proposed PNSs can be operated as RI sensor with a sensitivity of 500 nm/RIU (RIU = refractive index unit) ranging from UV to the near-infrared. In addition, a narrow bandwidth and nearly zero transmittance along with a high absorptance can be achieved by a denser PNSs configuration in the unit cell of PNS arrays. We have demonstrated the number of modes sustained in the PNS system, as well as, the near-field distribution can be tailored by the dielectric media in PNSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fong Chou Chau
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Chan-Kuang Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chien Hsin University of Science and Technology, No. 229, Jianxing Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County, 32097, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Linfang Shen
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chee Ming Lim
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hai-Pang Chiang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Rd., 202, Keelung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Hung Ji Huang
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Lin
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - N T R N Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nyuk Yoong Voo
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
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42
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Xu X, Yang Q, Wattanatorn N, Zhao C, Chiang N, Jonas SJ, Weiss PS. Multiple-Patterning Nanosphere Lithography for Fabricating Periodic Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10384-10391. [PMID: 28956898 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While three-dimensional (3D) configurable hierarchical nanostructures have wide ranging applications in electronics, biology, and optics, finding scalable approaches remains a challenge. We report a robust and general strategy called multiple-patterning nanosphere lithography (MP-NSL) for the fabrication of periodic 3D hierarchical nanostructures in a highly scalable and tunable manner. This nanofabrication technique exploits the selected and repeated etching of polymer nanospheres that serve as resists and that can be shaped in parallel for each processing step. The application of MP-NSL enables the fabrication of periodic, vertically aligned Si nanotubes at the wafer scale with nanometer-scale control in three dimensions including outer/inner diameters, heights/hole-depths, and pitches. The MP-NSL method was utilized to construct 3D periodic hierarchical hybrid nanostructures such as multilevel solid/hollow nanotowers where the height and diameter of each level of each structure can be configured precisely as well as 3D concentric plasmonic nanodisk/nanorings with tunable optical properties on a variety of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Xu
- California NanoSystems Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, ∥Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, ⊥Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qing Yang
- California NanoSystems Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, ∥Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, ⊥Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Natcha Wattanatorn
- California NanoSystems Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, ∥Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, ⊥Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- California NanoSystems Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, ∥Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, ⊥Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Naihao Chiang
- California NanoSystems Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, ∥Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, ⊥Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven J Jonas
- California NanoSystems Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, ∥Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, ⊥Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, ∥Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, ⊥Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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43
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Oliverio M, Perotto S, Messina GC, Lovato L, De Angelis F. Chemical Functionalization of Plasmonic Surface Biosensors: A Tutorial Review on Issues, Strategies, and Costs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29394-29411. [PMID: 28796479 PMCID: PMC5593307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In an ideal plasmonic surface sensor, the bioactive area, where analytes are recognized by specific biomolecules, is surrounded by an area that is generally composed of a different material. The latter, often the surface of the supporting chip, is generally hard to be selectively functionalized, with respect to the active area. As a result, cross talks between the active area and the surrounding one may occur. In designing a plasmonic sensor, various issues must be addressed: the specificity of analyte recognition, the orientation of the immobilized biomolecule that acts as the analyte receptor, and the selectivity of surface coverage. The objective of this tutorial review is to introduce the main rational tools required for a correct and complete approach to chemically functionalize plasmonic surface biosensors. After a short introduction, the review discusses, in detail, the most common strategies for achieving effective surface functionalization. The most important issues, such as the orientation of active molecules and spatial and chemical selectivity, are considered. A list of well-defined protocols is suggested for the most common practical situations. Importantly, for the reported protocols, we also present direct comparisons in term of costs, labor demand, and risk vs benefit balance. In addition, a survey of the most used characterization techniques necessary to validate the chemical protocols is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health
Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa−Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Perotto
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Informatics,
Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Balbi 5, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Lovato
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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44
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Caprettini V, Cerea A, Melle G, Lovato L, Capozza R, Huang JA, Tantussi F, Dipalo M, De Angelis F. Soft electroporation for delivering molecules into tightly adherent mammalian cells through 3D hollow nanoelectrodes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8524. [PMID: 28819252 PMCID: PMC5561120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation of in-vitro cultured cells is widely used in biological and medical areas to deliver molecules of interest inside cells. Since very high electric fields are required to electroporate the plasma membrane, depending on the geometry of the electrodes the required voltages can be very high and often critical to cell viability. Furthermore, in traditional electroporation configuration based on planar electrodes there is no a priori certain feedback about which cell has been targeted and delivered and the addition of fluorophores may be needed to gain this information. In this study we present a nanofabricated platform able to perform intracellular delivery of membrane-impermeable molecules by opening transient nanopores into the lipid membrane of adherent cells with high spatial precision and with the application of low voltages (1.5–2 V). This result is obtained by exploiting the tight seal that the cells present with 3D fluidic hollow gold-coated nanostructures that act as nanochannels and nanoelectrodes at the same time. The final soft-electroporation platform provides an accessible approach for controlled and selective drug delivery on ordered arrangements of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caprettini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerea
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Melle
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Laura Lovato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | | | - Jian-An Huang
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy
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45
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Mehrvar L, Hajihoseini H, Mahmoodi H, Tavassoli SH, Fathipour M, Mohseni SM. Fine-tunable plasma nano-machining for fabrication of 3D hollow nanostructures: SERS application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:315301. [PMID: 28604357 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa78e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel processing sequences for the fabrication of artificial nanostructures are in high demand for various applications. In this paper, we report on a fine-tunable nano-machining technique for the fabrication of 3D hollow nanostructures. This technique originates from redeposition effects occurring during Ar dry etching of nano-patterns. Different geometries of honeycomb, double ring, nanotube, cone and crescent arrays have been successfully fabricated from various metals such as Au, Ag, Pt and Ti. The geometrical parameters of the 3D hollow nanostructures can be straightforwardly controlled by tuning the discharge plasma pressure and power. The structure and morphology of nanostructures are probed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Finally, a Ag nanotube array was assayed for application in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), resulting in an enhancement factor (EF) of 5.5 × 105, as an experimental validity proof consistent with the presented simulation framework. Furthermore, it was found that the theoretical EF value for the honeycomb array is in the order of 107, a hundred times greater than that found in nanotube array.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mehrvar
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, 19839, Iran
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46
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Dipalo M, Amin H, Lovato L, Moia F, Caprettini V, Messina GC, Tantussi F, Berdondini L, De Angelis F. Intracellular and Extracellular Recording of Spontaneous Action Potentials in Mammalian Neurons and Cardiac Cells with 3D Plasmonic Nanoelectrodes. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3932-3939. [PMID: 28534411 PMCID: PMC5520104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional vertical micro- and nanostructures can enhance the signal quality of multielectrode arrays and promise to become the prime methodology for the investigation of large networks of electrogenic cells. So far, access to the intracellular environment has been obtained via spontaneous poration, electroporation, or by surface functionalization of the micro/nanostructures; however, these methods still suffer from some limitations due to their intrinsic characteristics that limit their widespread use. Here, we demonstrate the ability to continuously record both extracellular and intracellular-like action potentials at each electrode site in spontaneously active mammalian neurons and HL-1 cardiac-derived cells via the combination of vertical nanoelectrodes with plasmonic optoporation. We demonstrate long-term and stable recordings with a very good signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, plasmonic optoporation does not perturb the spontaneous electrical activity; it permits continuous recording even during the poration process and can regulate extracellular and intracellular contributions by means of partial cellular poration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayder Amin
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Lovato
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Moia
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Caprettini
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- DIBRIS, Università degli Studi di
Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco De Angelis
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- E-mail: . Tel. 0039-010-71781249. Address: Via Morego 30,
16163, Genova, Italy
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47
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Barrios CA, Canalejas-Tejero V. A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1231-1237. [PMID: 28685123 PMCID: PMC5480350 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on a top-down method for the controlled fabrication of three-dimensional (3D), closed, thin-shelled, hollow nanostructures (nanocages) on planar supports. The presented approach is based on conventional microelectronic fabrication processes and exploits the permeability of thin metal films to hollow-out polymer-filled metal nanocages through an oxygen-plasma process. The technique is used for fabricating arrays of cylindrical nanocages made of thin Al shells on silicon substrates. This hollow metal configuration features optical resonance as revealed by spectral reflectance measurements and numerical simulations. The fabricated nanocages were demonstrated as a refractometric sensor with a measured bulk sensitivity of 327 nm/refractive index unit (RIU). The pattern design flexibility and controllability offered by top-down nanofabrication techniques opens the door to the possibility of massive integration of these hollow 3D nano-objects on a chip for applications such as nanocontainers, nanoreactors, nanofluidics, nano-biosensors and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Angulo Barrios
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM), ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Photonics and Bioengineering (TFB), ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Víctor Canalejas-Tejero
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM), ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
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48
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Zilio P, Dipalo M, Tantussi F, Messina GC, de Angelis F. Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17002. [PMID: 30167264 PMCID: PMC6062236 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical and experimental study of a plasmonic nanoelectrode architecture that is able to inject bunches of hot electrons into an aqueous environment. In this approach, electrons are accelerated in water by ponderomotive forces up to energies capable of exciting or ionizing water molecules. This ability is enabled by the nanoelectrode structure (extruding out of a metal baseplate), which allows for the production of an intense plasmonic hot spot at the apex of the structure while maintaining the electrical connection to a virtually unlimited charge reservoir. The electron injection is experimentally monitored by recording the current transmitted through the water medium, whereas the electron acceleration is confirmed by observation of the bubble generation for a laser power exceeding a proper threshold. An understanding of the complex physics involved is obtained via a numerical approach that explicitly models the electromagnetic hot spot generation, electron-by-electron injection via multiphoton absorption, acceleration by ponderomotive forces and electron-water interaction through random elastic and inelastic scattering. The model predicts a critical electron density for bubble nucleation that nicely matches the experimental findings and reveals that the efficiency of energy transfer from the plasmonic hot spot to the free electron cloud is much more efficient (17 times higher) in water than in a vacuum. Because of their high kinetic energy and large reduction potential, these proposed wet hot electrons may provide new opportunities in photocatalysis, electrochemical processes and hot-electron driven chemistry.
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49
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Garoli D, Zilio P, De Angelis F, Gorodetski Y. Helicity locking of chiral light emitted from a plasmonic nanotaper. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6965-6969. [PMID: 28485424 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon waves carry an intrinsic transverse spin, which is locked to its propagation direction. Apparently, when a singular plasmonic mode is guided on a conic surface this spin-locking may lead to a strong circular polarization of the far-field emission. Specifically, a plasmonic vortex excited on a flat metal surface propagates on an adiabatically tapered gold nanocone where the mode accelerates and finally beams out from the tip apex. The helicity of this beam is shown to be single-handed and stems solely from the transverse spin-locking of the helical plasmonic wave-front. We present a simple geometric model that fully predicts the emerging light spin in our system. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the helicity-locking phenomenon by using accurately fabricated nanostructures and confirm the results with the model and numerical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Garoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy.
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50
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Wang Z, Zong S, Wu L, Zhu D, Cui Y. SERS-Activated Platforms for Immunoassay: Probes, Encoding Methods, and Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7910-7963. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyuan Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenfei Zong
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
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