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Zhang B, Liu B, Wu Z, Oyama K, Ikari M, Yagi H, Tochio N, Kigawa T, Mikawa T, Miyake T. A Hybrid Nanotube Stamp System in Intracellular Protein Delivery for Cancer Treatment and NMR Analytical Techniques. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8349-8355. [PMID: 38745349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to intracellular gene transfer, the direct delivery of expressed proteins is a significantly challenging yet essential technique for elucidating cellular functions, including protein complex structure, liquid-liquid phase separation, therapeutic applications, and reprogramming. In this study, we developed a hybrid nanotube (HyNT) stamp system that physically inserts the HyNTs into adhesive cells, enabling the injection of target molecules through HyNT ducts. This system demonstrates the capability to deliver multiple proteins, such as lactate oxidase (LOx) and ubiquitin (UQ), to approximately 1.8 × 107 adhesive cells with a delivery efficiency of 89.9% and a viability of 97.1%. The delivery of LOx enzyme into HeLa cancer cells induced cell death, while enzyme-delivered healthy cells remained viable. Furthermore, our stamp system can deliver an isotope-labeled UQ into adhesive cells for detection by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Bingfu Liu
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Zhouji Wu
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oyama
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaomi Ikari
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yagi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoya Tochio
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takanori Kigawa
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mikawa
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takeo Miyake
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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2
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Jiang J, Liu J, Liu X, Xu X, Liu Z, Huang S, Huang X, Yao C, Wang X, Chen Y, Chen HJ, Wang J, Xie X. Coupling of nanostraws with diverse physicochemical perforation strategies for intracellular DNA delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:131. [PMID: 38532389 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective intracellular DNA transfection is imperative for cell-based therapy and gene therapy. Conventional gene transfection methods, including biochemical carriers, physical electroporation and microinjection, face challenges such as cell type dependency, low efficiency, safety concerns, and technical complexity. Nanoneedle arrays have emerged as a promising avenue for improving cellular nucleic acid delivery through direct penetration of the cell membrane, bypassing endocytosis and endosome escape processes. Nanostraws (NS), characterized by their hollow tubular structure, offer the advantage of flexible solution delivery compared to solid nanoneedles. However, NS struggle to stably self-penetrate the cell membrane, resulting in limited delivery efficiency. Coupling with extra physiochemical perforation strategies is a viable approach to improve their performance. This study systematically compared the efficiency of NS coupled with polyethylenimine (PEI) chemical modification, mechanical force, photothermal effect, and electric field on cell membrane perforation and DNA transfection. The results indicate that coupling NS with PEI modification, mechanical force, photothermal effects provide limited enhancement effects. In contrast, NS-electric field coupling significantly improves intracellular DNA transfection efficiency. This work demonstrates that NS serve as a versatile platform capable of integrating various physicochemical strategies, while electric field coupling stands out as a form worthy of primary consideration for efficient DNA transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Republic of China
| | - Xingyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Republic of China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Republic of China
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Republic of China
| | - Xinshuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Republic of China
| | - Chuanjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Republic of China
| | - Xiafeng Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Republic of China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510080, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Republic of China.
| | - Ji Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Republic of China.
| | - Xi Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Republic of China.
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3
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Mahalanabish A, Huang SH, Shvets G. Inverted Transflection Spectroscopy of Live Cells Using Metallic Grating on Elevated Nanopillars. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1218-1226. [PMID: 38470457 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Water absorption of mid-infrared (MIR) radiation severely limits the options for vibrational spectroscopy of the analytes-including live biological cells-that must be probed in aqueous environments. While internal reflection elements, such as attenuated total reflection prisms and metasurfaces, partially overcome this limitation, such devices have their own limitations: ATR prisms are difficult to integrate with multiwell cell culture workflows, while metasurfaces suffer from a limited spectral range and small penetration depth into analytes. In this work, we introduce an alternative live cell biosensing platform based on metallic nanogratings fabricated on top of elevated dielectric pillars. For the MIR wavelengths that are significantly longer than the grating period, reflection-based spectroscopy enables broadband sensing of the analytes inside the trenches separating the dielectric pillars. Because the depth of the analyte twice-traversed by the MIR light excludes the highly absorbing thick water layer above the grating, we refer to the technique as inverted transflection spectroscopy (ITS). The analytic power of ITS is established by measuring a wide range of protein concentrations in solution, with the limit of detection in the single-digit mg mL-1. The ability of ITS to interrogate live cells that naturally wrap themselves around the grating is used to characterize their adhesion kinetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mahalanabish
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Steven H Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Liu J, Jiang J, He M, Chen J, Huang S, Liu Z, Yao C, Chen HJ, Xie X, Wang J. Nanopore Electroporation Device for DNA Transfection into Various Spreading and Nonadherent Cell Types. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50015-50033. [PMID: 37853502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell transfection plays a crucial role in the study of gene function and regulation of gene expression. The existing gene transfection methods, such as chemical carriers, viruses, electroporation, and microinjection, suffer from limitations, including cell type dependence, reliance on cellular endocytosis, low efficiency, safety concerns, and technical complexity. Nanopore-coupled electroporation offers a promising approach to localizing electric fields for efficient cell membrane perforation and nucleic acid transfection. However, the applicability of nanopore electroporation technology across different cell types lacks a systematic investigation. In this study, we explore the potential of nanopore electroporation for transfecting DNA plasmids into various cell types. Our nanopore electroporation device employs track-etched membranes as the core component. We find that nanopore electroporation efficiently transfects adherent cells, including well-spreading epithelial-like HeLa cells, cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells, and dendritic-cell-like DC2.4 cells. However, it shows a limited transfection efficiency in weakly spreading macrophages (RAW264.7) and suspension cells (Jurkat). To gain insights into these observations, we develop a COMSOL model, revealing that nanopore electroporation better localizes the electric field on adherent and well-spreading cells, promoting favorable membrane poration conditions. Our findings provide valuable references for advancing nanopore electroporation as a high-throughput, safe, and efficient gene transfection platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Rahamathulla M, Murugesan S, Gowda DV, Alamri AH, Ahmed MM, Osmani RAM, Ramamoorthy S, Veeranna B. The Use of Nanoneedles in Drug Delivery: an Overview of Recent Trends and Applications. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:216. [PMID: 37857918 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoneedles (NN) are growing rapidly as a means of navigating biological membranes and delivering therapeutics intracellularly. Nanoneedle arrays (NNA) are among the most potential resources to achieve therapeutic effects by administration of drugs through the skin. Although this is based on well-established approaches, its implementations are rapidly developing as an important pharmaceutical and biological research phenomenon. This study intends to provide a broad overview of current NNA research, with an emphasis on existing approaches, applications, and types of compounds released by these systems. A nanoneedle-based delivery device with great spatial and temporal accuracy, minimal interference, and low toxicity could transfer biomolecules into living organisms. Due to its vast potential, NN has been widely used as a capable transportation system of many therapeutic active substances, from cancer therapy, vaccine delivery, cosmetics, and bio-sensing nanocarrier drugs to genes. The use of nanoneedles for drug delivery offers new opportunities for the rapid, targeted, and exact administration of biomolecules into cell membranes for high-resolution research of biological systems, and it can treat a wide range of biological challenges. As a result, the literature has analyzed existing patents to emphasize the status of NNA in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhosh Murugesan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - D V Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ali H Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sathish Ramamoorthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Balamuralidhara Veeranna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
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6
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Mahalanabish A, Huang SH, Shvets G. Inverted transflection spectroscopy of live cells using metallic grating on elevated nanopillars. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.19.558443. [PMID: 37786721 PMCID: PMC10541632 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Water absorption of mid-infrared (MIR) radiation severely limits the options for vibrational spectroscopy of the analytes - including live biological cells - that must be probed in aqueous environments. While internal reflection elements, such as attenuated total reflection prisms and metasurfaces, partially overcome this limitation, such devices have their own limitations: high cost, incompatibility with standard cell culture workflows, limited spectral range, and small penetration depth into the analyte. In this work, we introduce an alternative live cell biosensing platform based on metallic nanogratings fabricated atop elevated dielectric pillars. For the MIR wavelengths that are significantly longer than the grating period, reflection-based spectroscopy enables broadband sensing of the analytes inside the trenches separating the dielectric pillars. Because the depth of the analyte twice-traversed by the MIR light excludes the highly absorbing thick water layer above the grating, we refer to the technique as Inverted Transflection Spectroscopy (ITS). We demonstrate the analytic power of ITS by measuring protein concentrations in solution. The ability of ITS to interrogate live cells that naturally wrap themselves around the grating is also exploited to characterize their adhesion kinetics.
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7
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Ding X, Rubby MF, Que S, Uchayash S, Que L. Facile Process for Fabrication of Silicon Micro-Nanostructures of Different Shapes as Molds for Fabricating Flexible Micro-Nanostructures and Wearable Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12202-12208. [PMID: 36808523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a method to fabricate silicon micro-nanostructures of different shapes by tuning the number of layers and the sizes of self-assembled polystyrene beads, which serve as the mask, and by tuning the reactive ion etching (RIE) time. This process is simple, scalable, and inexpensive without using any sophisticated nanomanufacturing equipment. Specifically, in this work, we demonstrate the proposed process by fabricating silicon micro- or nanoflowers, micro- or nanobells, nanopyramids, and nanotriangles using a self-assembled monolayer or bilayer of polystyrene beads as the mask. We also fabricate flexible micro-nanostructures by using silicon molds with micro-nanostructures. Finally, we demonstrate the fabrication of bandage-type electrochemical sensors with micro-nanostructured working electrodes for detecting dopamine, a neurotransmitter related to stress and neurodegenerative diseases in artificial sweat. All these demonstrations indicate that the proposed process provides a low-cost, easy-to-use approach for fabricating silicon micro-nanostructures and flexible micro-nanostructures, thus paving a way for developing wearable micro-nanostructures enabled sensors for a variety of applications in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Ding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Md Fazlay Rubby
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Suya Que
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sajid Uchayash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Long Que
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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8
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Ghani MW, Iqbal A, Ghani H, Bibi S, Wang Z, Pei R. Recent advances in nanocomposite-based delivery systems for targeted CRISPR/Cas delivery and therapeutic genetic manipulation. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 36779580 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02610d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas systems are novel gene editing tools with tremendous capacity and accuracy for gene editing and hold great potential for therapeutic genetic manipulation. However, the lack of safe and efficient delivery methods for CRISPR/Cas and its guide RNA hinders their wide adoption for therapeutic applications. To this end, there is an increasing demand for safe, efficient, precise, and non-pathogenic delivery approaches, both in vitro and in vivo. With the convergence of nanotechnology and biomedicine, functional nanocomposites have demonstrated unparalleled sophistication to overcome the limits of CRISPR/Cas delivery. The tunability of the physicochemical properties of nanocomposites makes it very easy to conjugate them with different functional substances. The combinatorial application of diverse functional materials in the form of nanocomposites has shown excellent properties for CRISPR/Cas delivery at the target site with therapeutic potential. The recent highlights of selective organ targeting and phase I clinical trials for gene manipulation by CRISPR/Cas after delivery through LNPs are at the brink of making it to routine clinical practice. Here we summarize the recent advances in delivering CRISPR/Cas systems through nanocomposites for targeted delivery and therapeutic genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Ghani
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Ambreen Iqbal
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hammad Ghani
- Basic Health Unit Laleka, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Bahawalngar, 62300, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Bibi
- Department of Biology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus 62300, Pakistan
| | - Zixun Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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Fang J, Huang S, Liu F, He G, Li X, Huang X, Chen HJ, Xie X. Semi-Implantable Bioelectronics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:125. [PMID: 35633391 PMCID: PMC9148344 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including drug delivery, electrophysiological recording and regulation of intracellular activities. Semi-implantable bioelectronics is currently a hot spot in biomedical engineering research area, because it not only meets the increasing technical demands for precise detection or regulation of biological activities, but also provides a desirable platform for externally incorporating complex functionalities and electronic integration. Although there is less definition and summary to distinguish it from the well-reviewed non-invasive bioelectronics and fully implantable bioelectronics, semi-implantable bioelectronics have emerged as highly unique technology to boost the development of biochips and smart wearable device. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in this field and raised the concept of "Semi-implantable bioelectronics", summarizing the principle and strategies of semi-implantable device for cell applications and in vivo applications, discussing the typical methodologies to access to intracellular environment or in vivo environment, biosafety aspects and typical applications. This review is meaningful for understanding in-depth the design principles, materials fabrication techniques, device integration processes, cell/tissue penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and applications strategies that are essential to the development of future minimally invasive bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaru Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanmao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinshuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Zhang A, Fang J, Li X, Wang J, Chen M, Chen HJ, He G, Xie X. Cellular nanointerface of vertical nanostructure arrays and its applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1844-1867. [PMID: 36133409 PMCID: PMC9419580 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00775k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vertically standing nanostructures with various morphologies have been developed with the emergence of the micro-/nanofabrication technology. When cells are cultured on them, various bio-nano interfaces between cells and vertical nanostructures would impact the cellular activities, depending on the shape, density, and height of nanostructures. Many cellular pathway activation processes involving a series of intracellular molecules (proteins, RNA, DNA, enzymes, etc.) would be triggered by the cell morphological changes induced by nanostructures, affecting the cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, immune activation, cell adhesion, cell migration, and other behaviors. In addition, the highly localized cellular nanointerface enhances coupled stimulation on cells. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the cellular nanointerface can not only provide innovative tools for regulating specific cell functions but also offers new aspects to understand the fundamental cellular activities that could facilitate the precise monitoring and treatment of diseases in the future. This review mainly describes the fabrication technology of vertical nanostructures, analyzing the formation of cellular nanointerfaces and the effects of cellular nanointerfaces on cells' fates and functions. At last, the applications of cellular nanointerfaces based on various nanostructures are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau SAR China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 511436 P. R. China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
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11
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Tchoe Y, Lee J, Liu R, Bourhis AM, Vatsyayan R, Tonsfeldt KJ, Dayeh SA. Considerations and recent advances in nanoscale interfaces with neuronal and cardiac networks. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:041317. [PMID: 34868443 PMCID: PMC8596389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale interfaces with biological tissue, principally made with nanowires (NWs), are envisioned as minimally destructive to the tissue and as scalable tools to directly transduce the electrochemical activity of a neuron at its finest resolution. This review lays the foundations for understanding the material and device considerations required to interrogate neuronal activity at the nanoscale. We first discuss the electrochemical nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces and then present new results concerning the electrochemical impedance and charge injection capacities of millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scale wires with Pt, PEDOT:PSS, Si, Ti, ITO, IrO x , Ag, and AgCl materials. Using established circuit models for NW-neuron interfaces, we discuss the impact of having multiple NWs interfacing with a single neuron on the amplitude and temporal characteristics of the recorded potentials. We review state of the art advances in nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces, the standard control experiments to investigate their electrophysiological behavior, and present recent high fidelity recordings of intracellular potentials obtained with ultrasharp NWs developed in our laboratory that naturally permeate neuronal cell bodies. Recordings from arrays and individually addressable electrically shorted NWs are presented, and the long-term stability of intracellular recording is discussed and put in the context of established techniques. Finally, a perspective on future research directions and applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M. Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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12
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Chiappini C, Chen Y, Aslanoglou S, Mariano A, Mollo V, Mu H, De Rosa E, He G, Tasciotti E, Xie X, Santoro F, Zhao W, Voelcker NH, Elnathan R. Tutorial: using nanoneedles for intracellular delivery. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4539-4563. [PMID: 34426708 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of advanced therapeutics, including biologicals and supramolecular agents, is complex because of the natural biological barriers that have evolved to protect the cell. Efficient delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, proteins, peptides and nanoparticles is crucial for clinical adoption of emerging technologies that can benefit disease treatment through gene and cell therapy. Nanoneedles are arrays of vertical high-aspect-ratio nanostructures that can precisely manipulate complex processes at the cell interface, enabling effective intracellular delivery. This emerging technology has already enabled the development of efficient and non-destructive routes for direct access to intracellular environments and delivery of cell-impermeant payloads. However, successful implementation of this technology requires knowledge of several scientific fields, making it complex to access and adopt by researchers who are not directly involved in developing nanoneedle platforms. This presents an obstacle to the widespread adoption of nanoneedle technologies for drug delivery. This tutorial aims to equip researchers with the knowledge required to develop a nanoinjection workflow. It discusses the selection of nanoneedle devices, approaches for cargo loading and strategies for interfacing to biological systems and summarises an array of bioassays that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK. .,London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Yaping Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stella Aslanoglou
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Mariano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Huanwen Mu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrica De Rosa
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Hospital, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Sclavo Pharma, Siena, Italy
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Vinje JB, Guadagno NA, Progida C, Sikorski P. Analysis of Actin and Focal Adhesion Organisation in U2OS Cells on Polymer Nanostructures. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:143. [PMID: 34524556 PMCID: PMC8443752 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, we explore how U2OS cells are affected by arrays of polymer nanopillars fabricated on flat glass surfaces. We focus on describing changes to the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and in the location, number and shape of focal adhesions. From our findings we identify that the cells can be categorised into different regimes based on their spreading and adhesion behaviour on nanopillars. A quantitative analysis suggests that cells seeded on dense nanopillar arrays are suspended on top of the pillars with focal adhesions forming closer to the cell periphery compared to flat surfaces or sparse pillar arrays. This change is analogous to similar responses for cells seeded on soft substrates. RESULTS In this work, we explore how U2OS cells are affected by arrays of polymer nanopillars fabricated on flat glass surfaces. We focus on describing changes to the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and in the location, number and shape of focal adhesions. From our findings we identify that the cells can be categorised into different regimes based on their spreading and adhesion behaviour on nanopillars. A quantitative analysis suggests that cells seeded on dense nanopillar arrays are suspended on top of the pillars with focal adhesions forming closer to the cell periphery compared to flat surfaces or sparse pillar arrays. This change is analogous to similar responses for cells seeded on soft substrates. CONCLUSION Overall, we show that the combination of high throughput nanofabrication, advanced optical microscopy, molecular biology tools to visualise cellular processes and data analysis can be used to investigate how cells interact with nanostructured surfaces and will in the future help to create culture substrates that induce particular cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob B Vinje
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Cinzia Progida
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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14
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Park S, Nguyen DV, Kang L. Immobilized nanoneedle-like structures for intracellular delivery, biosensing and cellular surgery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:335-349. [PMID: 33533658 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancements of nanotechnology over the recent years have reformed the methods used for treating human diseases. Nanostructures including nanoneedles, nanorods, nanowires, nanofibers and nanotubes have exhibited their potential roles in drug delivery, biosensing, cancer therapy, regenerative medicine and intracellular surgery. These high aspect ratio structures enhance targeted drug delivery with spatiotemporal control while also demonstrating their role as an efficient intracellular biosensor with minimal invasiveness. This review discusses the history and emergence of these nanostructures and their fabrication methods. This review also provides an overview of the different applications of nanoneedle systems, further highlighting the importance of greater investigation into these nanostructures for future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Park
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Duc-Viet Nguyen
- Nusmetics Pte. Ltd, i4 building, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Sero JE, Stevens MM. Nanoneedle-Based Materials for Intracellular Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:191-219. [PMID: 33543461 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoneedles, defined as high aspect ratio structures with tip diameters of 5 to approximately 500 nm, are uniquely able to interface with the interior of living cells. Their nanoscale dimensions mean that they are able to penetrate the plasma membrane with minimal disruption of normal cellular functions, allowing researchers to probe the intracellular space and deliver or extract material from individual cells. In the last decade, a variety of strategies have been developed using nanoneedles, either singly or as arrays, to investigate the biology of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These include hollow nanoneedles for soluble probe delivery, nanocapillaries for single-cell biopsy, nano-AFM for direct physical measurements of cytosolic proteins, and a wide range of fluorescent and electrochemical nanosensors for analyte detection. Nanofabrication has improved to the point that nanobiosensors can detect individual vesicles inside the cytoplasm, delineate tumor margins based on intracellular enzyme activity, and measure changes in cell metabolism almost in real time. While most of these applications are currently in the proof-of-concept stage, nanoneedle technology is poised to offer cancer biologists a powerful new set of tools for probing cells with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Sero
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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16
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Zhao C, Man T, Xu X, Yang Q, Liu W, Jonas SJ, Teitell MA, Chiou PY, Weiss PS. Photothermal Intracellular Delivery Using Gold Nanodisk Arrays. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 2:1475-1483. [PMID: 34708213 PMCID: PMC8547743 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Local heating using pulsed laser-induced photothermal effects on plasmonic nanostructured substrates can be used for intracellular delivery applications. However, the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructured interfaces is hampered by complex nanomanufacturing schemes. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of large-area plasmonic gold (Au) nanodisk arrays that enable photothermal intracellular delivery of biomolecular cargo at high efficiency. The Au nanodisks (350 nm in diameter) were fabricated using chemical lift-off lithography (CLL). Nanosecond laser pulses were used to excite the plasmonic nanostructures, thereby generating transient pores at the outer membranes of targeted cells that enable the delivery of biomolecules via diffusion. Delivery efficiencies of >98% were achieved using the cell impermeable dye calcein (0.6 kDa) as a model payload, while maintaining cell viabilities at >98%. The highly efficient intracellular delivery approach demonstrated in this work will facilitate translational studies targeting molecular screening and drug testing that bridge laboratory and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tianxing Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven J Jonas
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael A Teitell
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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17
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Chen Y, Wang J, Li X, Hu N, Voelcker NH, Xie X, Elnathan R. Emerging Roles of 1D Vertical Nanostructures in Orchestrating Immune Cell Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001668. [PMID: 32844502 PMCID: PMC7461044 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nano-bio cellular interfaces driven by 1D vertical nanostructures (1D-VNS) are set to prompt radical progress in modulating cellular processes at the nanoscale. Here, tuneable cell-VNS interfacial interactions are probed and assessed, highlighting the use of 1D-VNS in immunomodulation, and intracellular delivery into immune cells-both crucial in fundamental and translational biomedical research. With programmable topography and adaptable surface functionalization, 1D-VNS provide unique biophysical and biochemical cues to orchestrate innate and adaptive immunity, both ex vivo and in vivo. The intimate nanoscale cell-VNS interface leads to membrane penetration and cellular deformation, facilitating efficient intracellular delivery of diverse bioactive cargoes into hard-to-transfect immune cells. The unsettled interfacial mechanisms reported to be involved in VNS-mediated intracellular delivery are discussed. By identifying up-to-date progress and fundamental challenges of current 1D-VNS technology in immune-cell manipulation, it is hoped that this report gives timely insights for further advances in developing 1D-VNS as a safe, universal, and highly scalable platform for cell engineering and enrichment in advanced cancer immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility151 Wellington RoadClayton3168Australia
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversitySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility151 Wellington RoadClayton3168Australia
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash University22 Alliance LaneClaytonVIC3168Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)ClaytonVIC3168Australia
- INM‐Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Xi Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversitySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility151 Wellington RoadClayton3168Australia
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash University22 Alliance LaneClaytonVIC3168Australia
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18
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Xu X, Jia J, Guo M. The Most Recent Advances in the Application of Nano-Structures/Nano-Materials for Single-Cell Sampling. Front Chem 2020; 8:718. [PMID: 32974282 PMCID: PMC7469254 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The research in endogenous biomolecules from a single cell has grown rapidly in recent years since it is critical for dissecting and scrutinizing the complexity of heterogeneous tissues, especially under pathological conditions, and it is also of key importance to understand the biological processes and cellular responses to various perturbations without the limitation of population averaging. Although conventional techniques, such as micromanipulation or cell sorting methods, are already used along with subsequent molecular examinations, it remains a big challenge to develop new approaches to manipulate and directly extract small quantities of cytosol from single living cells. In this sense, nanostructure or nanomaterial may play a critical role in overcoming these challenges in cellular manipulation and extraction of very small quantities of cells, and provide a powerful alternative to conventional techniques. Since the nanostructures or nanomaterial could build channels between intracellular and extracellular components across cell membrane, through which cytosol could be pumped out and transferred to downstream analyses. In this review, we will first brief the traditional methods for single cell analyses, and then shift our focus to some most promising methods for single-cell sampling with nanostructures, such as glass nanopipette, nanostraw, carbon nanotube probes and other nanomaterial. In this context, particular attentions will be paid to their principles, preparations, operations, superiorities and drawbacks, and meanwhile the great potential of nano-materials for single-cell sampling will also be highlighted and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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19
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Zhu C, Wang H, Guan C. Recent progress on hollow array architectures and their applications in electrochemical energy storage. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1188-1199. [PMID: 32661545 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00332h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structural design of electrode materials is one of the most important factors that determines the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices. In recent years, hollow micro-/nanoarray structures have been widely explored for energy applications due to their unique structural advantages. Their complex hollow interior and shell arrays enable fast ion diffusion/transport, provide abundant active sites and accommodate volume changes. Moreover, the direct contact of hollow arrays with substrates enhances the mechanical stability during long-term cycling. To date, huge progress has been achieved in the rational design of various hollow array architectures. However, a review on this topic has been rarely reported. Herein, the multifunctional merits and typical synthetic strategies for hollow array structures are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, their applications in electrochemical energy storage (such as supercapacitors and batteries) are summarized. The development and challenges of hollow arrays in terms of substrates, technique improvement and material innovation are discussed. Finally, their applications for energy storage and conversion are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P. R. China.
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20
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Qu Y, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Chen H. Surface-Mediated Intracellular Delivery by Physical Membrane Disruption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31054-31078. [PMID: 32559060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective and nondestructive intracellular delivery of exogenous molecules and other functional materials into living cells is of importance for diverse biological fundamental research and therapeutic applications, such as gene editing and cell-based therapies. However, for most exogenous molecules, the cell plasma membrane is effectively impermeable and thus remains the greatest barrier to intracellular delivery. In recent years, methods based on surface-mediated physical membrane disruption have attracted considerable attention. These methods exploit the physical properties of the surface to transiently increase the membrane permeability of cells come in contact thereto, thereby facilitating the efficient intracellular delivery of molecules regardless of molecule or target cell type. In this Review, we focus on recent progress, particularly over the past decade, on these surface-mediated membrane disruption-based delivery systems. According to the membrane disruption mechanism, three categories can be recognized: (i) mechanical penetration, (ii) electroporation, and (iii) photothermal poration. Each of these is discussed in turn and a brief perspective on future developments in this promising area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangcui Qu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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21
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Dixit HG, Starr R, Dundon ML, Pairs PI, Yang X, Zhang Y, Nampe D, Ballas CB, Tsutsui H, Forman SJ, Brown CE, Rao MP. Massively-Parallelized, Deterministic Mechanoporation for Intracellular Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:860-867. [PMID: 31647675 PMCID: PMC8210888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic intracellular delivery approaches based on plasma membrane poration have shown promise for addressing the limitations of conventional cellular engineering techniques in a wide range of applications in biology and medicine. However, the inherent stochasticity of the poration process in many of these approaches often results in a trade-off between delivery efficiency and cellular viability, thus potentially limiting their utility. Herein, we present a novel microfluidic device concept that mitigates this trade-off by providing opportunity for deterministic mechanoporation (DMP) of cells en masse. This is achieved by the impingement of each cell upon a single needle-like penetrator during aspiration-based capture, followed by diffusive influx of exogenous cargo through the resulting membrane pore, once the cells are released by reversal of flow. Massive parallelization enables high throughput operation, while single-site poration allows for delivery of small and large-molecule cargos in difficult-to-transfect cells with efficiencies and viabilities that exceed both conventional and emerging transfection techniques. As such, DMP shows promise for advancing cellular engineering practice in general and engineered cell product manufacturing in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish G. Dixit
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Renate Starr
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy and Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Morgan L. Dundon
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Pranee I. Pairs
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy and Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Daniel Nampe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher B. Ballas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Stem Cell Center, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Stephen J. Forman
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy and Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Christine E. Brown
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy and Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Masaru P. Rao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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22
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Chang L, Wang YC, Ershad F, Yang R, Yu C, Fan Y. Wearable Devices for Single-Cell Sensing and Transfection. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1175-1188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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23
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Park S, Park HH, Sun K, Gwon Y, Seong M, Kim S, Park TE, Hyun H, Choung YH, Kim J, Jeong HE. Hydrogel Nanospike Patch as a Flexible Anti-Pathogenic Scaffold for Regulating Stem Cell Behavior. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11181-11193. [PMID: 31518110 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned nanomaterials, such as nanowires and nanoneedles, hold strong potential as efficient platforms onto which living cells or tissues can be interfaced for use in advanced biomedical applications. However, their rigid mechanical properties and complex fabrication processes hinder their integration onto flexible, tissue-adaptable, and large-area patch-type scaffolds, limiting their practical applications. In this study, we present a highly flexible patch that possesses a spiky hydrogel nanostructure array as a transplantable platform for enhancing the growth and differentiation of stem cells and efficiently suppressing biofilm formation. In vitro studies show that the hydrogel nanospike patch imposes a strong physical stimulus to the membranes of stem cells and enhances their osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation and the secretion of crucial soluble factors without altering cell viability. At the same time, the array exhibits effective bactericidal properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In vivo studies further demonstrate that the flexible hydrogel patch with its spiky vertical nanostructures significantly promotes the regeneration of damaged cranial bone tissues while suppressing pathogenic bacterial infections in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Park
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kahyun Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Gwon
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- School of Life Science , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 61469 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon 16499 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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24
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Zhang XA, Chen IT, Chang CH. Recent progress in near-field nanolithography using light interactions with colloidal particles: from nanospheres to three-dimensional nanostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:352002. [PMID: 31100738 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The advance of nanotechnology is firmly rooted in the development of cost-effective, versatile, and easily accessible nanofabrication techniques. The ability to pattern complex two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructured materials are particularly desirable, since they can have novel physical properties that are not found in bulk materials. This review article will report recent progress in utilizing self-assembly of colloidal particles for nanolithography. In these techniques, the near-field interactions of light and colloids are the sole mechanisms employed to generate the intensity distributions for patterning. Based on both 'bottom-up' self-assembly and 'top-down' lithography approaches, these processes are highly versatile and can take advantage of a number of optical effects, allowing the complex 3D nanostructures to be patterned using single exposures. There are several key advantages including low equipment cost, facile structure design, and patterning scalability, which will be discussed in detail. We will outline the underlying optical effects, review the geometries that can be fabricated, discuss key limitations, and highlight potential applications in nanophotonics, optoelectronic devices, and nanoarchitectured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu A Zhang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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25
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Abstract
Nanostructured devices are able to foster the technology for cell membrane poration. With the size smaller than a cell, nanostructures allow efficient poration on the cell membrane. Emerging nanostructures with various physical transduction have been demonstrated to accommodate effective intracellular delivery. Aside from improving poration and intracellular delivery performance, nanostructured devices also allow for the discovery of novel physiochemical phenomena and the biological response of the cell. This article provides a brief introduction to the principles of nanostructured devices for cell poration and outlines the intracellular delivery capability of the technology. In the future, we envision more exploration on new nanostructure designs and creative applications in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apresio K Fajrial
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309 United States of America
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26
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Nanostraw membrane stamping for direct delivery of molecules into adhesive cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6806. [PMID: 31048793 PMCID: PMC6497648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivering ions and molecules into living cells has become an important challenge in medical and biological fields. Conventional molecular delivery, however, has several issues such as physical and chemical damage to biological cells. Here, we present a method of directly delivering molecules into adhesive cells with an Au-based nanostraw membrane stamp that can physically inject a target molecule into the cytoplasm through a nanostraw duct. We successfully delivered calcein target molecules into adhesive cells with high efficiency (85%) and viability (90%). Furthermore, we modeled the molecular flow through Au nanostraws and then demonstrated the control of calcein flow by changing the concentration and geometry of Au nanostraws. Our Au membrane stamping provides a new way of accessing the cytoplasm to modulate cellular functions via injected molecules.
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27
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Hansel C, Crowder SW, Cooper S, Gopal S, João Pardelha da Cruz M, de Oliveira Martins L, Keller D, Rothery S, Becce M, Cass AEG, Bakal C, Chiappini C, Stevens MM. Nanoneedle-Mediated Stimulation of Cell Mechanotransduction Machinery. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2913-2926. [PMID: 30829469 PMCID: PMC6439438 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial substrates can be engineered to present topographical signals to cells which, through interactions between the material and active components of the cell membrane, regulate key cellular processes and guide cell fate decisions. However, targeting mechanoresponsive elements that reside within the intracellular domain is a concept that has only recently emerged. Here, we show that mesoporous silicon nanoneedle arrays interact simultaneously with the cell membrane, cytoskeleton, and nucleus of primary human cells, generating distinct responses at each of these cellular compartments. Specifically, nanoneedles inhibit focal adhesion maturation at the membrane, reduce tension in the cytoskeleton, and lead to remodeling of the nuclear envelope at sites of impingement. The combined changes in actin cytoskeleton assembly, expression and segregation of the nuclear lamina, and localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP) correlate differently from what is canonically observed upon stimulation at the cell membrane, revealing that biophysical cues directed to the intracellular space can generate heretofore unobserved mechanosensory responses. These findings highlight the ability of nanoneedles to study and direct the phenotype of large cell populations simultaneously, through biophysical interactions with multiple mechanoresponsive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine
S. Hansel
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Spencer W. Crowder
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Cooper
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Chester Beatty
Laboratories, Institute for Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, U.K.
| | - Sahana Gopal
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria João Pardelha da Cruz
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Martins
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Debora Keller
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Rothery
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Becce
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony E. G. Cass
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bakal
- Chester Beatty
Laboratories, Institute for Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, U.K.
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Medicine, and Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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28
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Mukaibo H. Template‐Synthesized Vertical Needle Array as Injection Platform for Microalgae. CHEM REC 2018; 19:859-872. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Mukaibo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Rochester 4510 Wegmans Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
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29
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Shinde P, Mohan L, Kumar A, Dey K, Maddi A, Patananan AN, Tseng FG, Chang HY, Nagai M, Santra TS. Current Trends of Microfluidic Single-Cell Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3143. [PMID: 30322072 PMCID: PMC6213733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of human disease mechanisms is difficult due to the heterogeneity in gene expression and the physiological state of cells in a given population. In comparison to bulk cell measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. In recent years, single-cell technologies have become increasingly robust and accessible, although limitations exist. In this review, we describe the recent advances in single-cell technologies and their applications in single-cell manipulation, diagnosis, and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Loganathan Mohan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Amogh Kumar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Koyel Dey
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Anjali Maddi
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Alexander N Patananan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
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30
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Stewart MP, Langer R, Jensen KF. Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7409-7531. [PMID: 30052023 PMCID: PMC6763210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types-small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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31
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Abstract
Nanoneedles are high aspect ratio nanostructures with a unique biointerface. Thanks to their peculiar yet poorly understood interaction with cells, they very effectively sense intracellular conditions, typically with lower toxicity and perturbation than traditionally available probes. Through long-term, reversible interfacing with cells, nanoneedles can monitor biological functions over the course of several days. Their nanoscale dimension and the assembly into large-scale, ordered, dense arrays enable monitoring the functions of large cell populations, to provide functional maps with submicron spatial resolution. Intracellularly, they sense electrical activity of complex excitable networks, as well as concentration, function, and interaction of biomolecules in situ, while extracellularly they can measure the forces exerted by cells with piconewton detection limits, or efficiently sort rare cells based on their membrane receptors. Nanoneedles can investigate the function of many biological systems, ranging from cells, to biological fluids, to tissues and living organisms. This review examines the devices, strategies, and workflows developed to use nanoneedles for sensing in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London , SE1 9RT, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Nagai H, Poteet A, Zhang XA, Chang CH. Three-dimensional colloidal lithography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:125302. [PMID: 28229955 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5e3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Light interactions with colloidal particles can generate a variety of complex three-dimensional (3D) intensity patterns, which can be utilized for nanolithography. The study of particle-light interactions can add more types of intensity patterns by manipulating key factors. Here we investigate a novel 3D nanolithography technique using colloidal particles under two-beam coherent illuminations. The fabricated 3D nanostructures are hollow, nested within periodic structures, and possess multiple chamber geometry. The effects of incident angles and particle size on the fabricated nanostructures were examined. The relative phase shift between particle position and interference pattern is identified as another significant parameter influencing the resultant nanostructures. A numerical model has been developed to show the evolution of nanostructure geometry with phase shifts, and experimental studies confirm the simulation results. Through the introduction of single colloidal particles, the fabrication capability of Lloyd's mirror interference can now be extended to fabrication of 3D nanostructure with complex shell geometry. The fabricated hollow nanostructures with grating background could find potential applications in the area of photonics, drug delivery, and nanofluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nagai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
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33
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Kavaldzhiev M, Perez JE, Ivanov Y, Bertoncini A, Liberale C, Kosel J. Biocompatible 3D printed magnetic micro needles. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa5ccb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Maioli M, Varadi G, Kurdi R, Caglioti L, Pályi G. Limits of the Classical Concept of Concentration. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7438-45. [PMID: 27384879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Solutions of very low concentrations cannot be treated by the usual concept of concentration. Stochastic calculations are performed for the analysis of such solutions containing one or a few molecule(s). It is concluded that these systems escape the usual concentration parameters. Two "case histories" are also shown for demonstration of the practical consequences of the theoretical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Maioli
- Department of Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 213/B, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gyula Varadi
- Inpellis, Inc. , 100 Cummings Center, Suite 243C, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915-6133, United States
| | - Róbert Kurdi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia , Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Luciano Caglioti
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds, University "La Sapienza"-Roma , P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gyula Pályi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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35
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Wu W, Mao H, Han X, Xu J, Wang W. Fabrication and characterization of SiO2/Si heterogeneous nanopillar arrays. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:305301. [PMID: 27319739 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/30/305301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents arrays of heterogeneous nanopillars stacked with Si bodies and SiO2 heads for biomedical applications. Novel crossed and overlapped spacer techniques are proposed to fabricate the nanopillar arrays in controllable dimensions. For the nanopillars in the arrays, the minimum spacing, body diameter and head tip-radius reach 100 nm, 23 nm and 11 nm, respectively. The maximum height is 1.2 μm. In addition, because of hydrophilic/hydrophobic selectivity between the SiO2 heads and Si bodies, localized nanoliter water-droplet condensing, fluorescein solution extraction and protein capturing are observed on the SiO2 pillar heads. These experiments demonstrate the great potential of heterogeneous nanopillars in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China. Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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36
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Micro- and Nanoscale Technologies for Delivery into Adherent Cells. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:665-678. [PMID: 27287927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several recent micro- and nanotechnologies have provided novel methods for biological studies of adherent cells because the small features of these new biotools provide unique capabilities for accessing cells without the need for suspension or lysis. These novel approaches have enabled gentle but effective delivery of molecules into specific adhered target cells, with unprecedented spatial resolution. We review here recent progress in the development of these technologies with an emphasis on in vitro delivery into adherent cells utilizing mechanical penetration or electroporation. We discuss the major advantages and limitations of these approaches and propose possible strategies for improvements. Finally, we discuss the impact of these technologies on biological research concerning cell-specific temporal studies, for example non-destructive sampling and analysis of intracellular molecules.
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37
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Chang L, Hu J, Chen F, Chen Z, Shi J, Yang Z, Li Y, Lee LJ. Nanoscale bio-platforms for living cell interrogation: current status and future perspectives. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3181-3206. [PMID: 26745513 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The living cell is a complex entity that dynamically responds to both intracellular and extracellular environments. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the understanding intracellular functions orchestrated with mRNAs and proteins in investigation of the fate of a single-cell, including proliferation, apoptosis, motility, differentiation and mutations. The rapid development of modern cellular analysis techniques (e.g. PCR, western blotting, immunochemistry, etc.) offers new opportunities in quantitative analysis of RNA/protein expression up to a single cell level. The recent entries of nanoscale platforms that include kinds of methodologies with high spatial and temporal resolution have been widely employed to probe the living cells. In this tutorial review paper, we give insight into background introduction and technical innovation of currently reported nanoscale platforms for living cell interrogation. These highlighted technologies are documented in details within four categories, including nano-biosensors for label-free detection of living cells, nanodevices for living cell probing by intracellular marker delivery, high-throughput platforms towards clinical current, and the progress of microscopic imaging platforms for cell/tissue tracking in vitro and in vivo. Perspectives for system improvement were also discussed to solve the limitations remains in current techniques, for the purpose of clinical use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Chang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
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38
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Choi M, Lee SH, Kim WB, Gujrati V, Kim D, Lee J, Kim JI, Kim H, Saw PE, Jon S. Intracellular Delivery of Bioactive Cargos to Hard-to-Transfect Cells Using Carbon Nanosyringe Arrays under an Applied Centrifugal g-Force. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:101-7. [PMID: 25846396 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing a common, universal platform for delivering biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs into diverse cells with high efficiency. Here, it is shown that carbon nanosyringe arrays (CNSAs) under an applied centrifugal g-force (cf-CNSAs) can deliver diverse bioactive cargos directly into the cytosol of hard-to-transfect cells with relatively high efficiency and reproducibility. The cf-CNSA platform, an optimized version of a previous CNSA-mediated intracellular delivery platform that adds a g-force feature, exhibits more rapid and superior delivery of cargos to various hard-to-transfect cells than is the case in the absence of g-force. Active species, including small interfering RNAs, plasmids, and proteins are successfully transported across plasma membrane barriers into various cells. By overcoming the limitations of currently available transfection methods, the cf-CNSA platform paves the way to universal delivery of a variety of cargos, facilitating the analysis of cellular responses in diverse cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuk Choi
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Vipul Gujrati
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Jinju Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Jae-Il Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Phei Er Saw
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
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39
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From immobilized cells to motile cells on a bed-of-nails: effects of vertical nanowire array density on cell behaviour. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18535. [PMID: 26691936 PMCID: PMC4686997 DOI: 10.1038/srep18535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of vertical nanowire array-based applications in cell biology is growing rapidly and an increasing number of applications are being explored. These applications almost invariably rely on the physical properties of the nanowire arrays, creating a need for a better understanding of how their physical properties affect cell behaviour. Here, we investigate the effects of nanowire density on cell migration, division and morphology for murine fibroblasts. Our results show that few nanowires are sufficient to immobilize cells, while a high nanowire spatial density enables a ”bed-of-nails” regime, where cells reside on top of the nanowires and are fully motile. The presence of nanowires decreases the cell proliferation rate, even in the “bed-of-nails” regime. We show that the cell morphology strongly depends on the nanowire density. Cells cultured on low (0.1 μm−2) and medium (1 μm−2) density substrates exhibit an increased number of multi-nucleated cells and micronuclei. These were not observed in cells cultured on high nanowire density substrates (4 μm−2). The results offer important guidelines to minimize cell-function perturbations on nanowire arrays. Moreover, these findings offer the possibility to tune cell proliferation and migration independently by adjusting the nanowire density, which may have applications in drug testing.
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40
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Xie X, Aalipour A, Gupta SV, Melosh NA. Determining the Time Window for Dynamic Nanowire Cell Penetration Processes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11667-77. [PMID: 26554425 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire (NW) arrays offer opportunities for parallel, nondestructive intracellular access for biomolecule delivery, intracellular recording, and sensing. Spontaneous cell membrane penetration by vertical nanowires is essential for these applications, yet the time- and geometry-dependent penetration process is still poorly understood. In this work, the dynamic NW-cell interface during cell spreading was examined through experimental cell penetration measurements combined with two mechanical models based on substrate adhesion force or cell traction forces. Penetration was determined by comparing the induced tension at a series of given membrane configurations to the critical membrane failure tension. The adhesion model predicts that penetration occurs within a finite window shortly after initial cell contact and adhesion, while the traction model predicts increasing penetration over a longer period. NW penetration rates determined from a cobalt ion delivery assay are compared to the predicted results from the two models. In addition, the effects of NW geometry and cell properties are systematically evaluated to identify the key factors for penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sneha V Gupta
- UCSF School of Pharmacy, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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41
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Bae S, Park S, Kim J, Choi JS, Kim KH, Kwon D, Jin E, Park I, Kim DH, Seo TS. Exogenous Gene Integration for Microalgal Cell Transformation Using a Nanowire-Incorporated Microdevice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27554-61. [PMID: 26584003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Superior green algal cells showing high lipid production and rapid growth rate are considered as an alternative for the next generation green energy resources. To achieve the biomass based energy generation, transformed microalgae with superlative properties should be developed through genetic engineering. Contrary to the normal cells, microalgae have rigid cell walls, so that target gene delivery into cells is challengeable. In this study, we report a ZnO nanowire-incorporated microdevice for a high throughput microalgal transformation. The proposed microdevice was equipped with not only a ZnO nanowire in the microchannel for gene delivery into cells but also a pneumatic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microvalve to modulate the cellular attachment and detachment from the nanowire. As a model, hygromycin B resistance gene cassette (Hyg3) was functionalized on the hydrothermally grown ZnO nanowires through a disulfide bond and released into green algal cells, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, by reductive cleavage. During Hyg3 gene delivery, a monolithic PDMS membrane was bent down, so that algal cells were pushed down toward ZnO nanowires. The supply of vacuum in the pneumatic line made the PDMS membrane bend up, enabling the gene delivered algal cells to be recovered from the outlet of the microchannel. We successfully confirmed Hyg3 gene integrated in microalgae by amplifying the inserted gene through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The efficiency of the gene delivery to algal cells using the ZnO nanowire-incorporated microdevice was 6.52 × 10(4)- and 9.66 × 10(4)-fold higher than that of a traditional glass bead beating and electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoong Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghye Park
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kim
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Donguk Kwon
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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42
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Matsumoto D, Rao Sathuluri R, Kato Y, Silberberg YR, Kawamura R, Iwata F, Kobayashi T, Nakamura C. Oscillating high-aspect-ratio monolithic silicon nanoneedle array enables efficient delivery of functional bio-macromolecules into living cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15325. [PMID: 26471006 PMCID: PMC4607922 DOI: 10.1038/srep15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of biomolecules with use of nanostructures has been previously reported. However, both efficient and high-throughput intracellular delivery has proved difficult to achieve. Here, we report a novel material and device for the delivery of biomacromolecules into live cells. We attribute the successful results to the unique features of the system, which include high-aspect-ratio, uniform nanoneedles laid across a 2D array, combined with an oscillatory feature, which together allow rapid, forcible and efficient insertion and protein release into thousands of cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ramachandra Rao Sathuluri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yaron R Silberberg
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Research Center for Ubiquitous MEMS and Micro Engineering, AIST, 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
| | - Chikashi Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
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43
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Prinz CN. Interactions between semiconductor nanowires and living cells. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:233103. [PMID: 26010455 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/23/233103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires are increasingly used for biological applications and their small dimensions make them a promising tool for sensing and manipulating cells with minimal perturbation. In order to interface cells with nanowires in a controlled fashion, it is essential to understand the interactions between nanowires and living cells. The present paper reviews current progress in the understanding of these interactions, with knowledge gathered from studies where living cells were interfaced with vertical nanowire arrays. The effect of nanowires on cells is reported in terms of viability, cell-nanowire interface morphology, cell behavior, changes in gene expression as well as cellular stress markers. Unexplored issues and unanswered questions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle N Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
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44
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Zhang XA, Dai B, Xu Z, Chang CH. Sculpting asymmetric, hollow-core, three-dimensional nanostructures using colloidal particles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1285-92. [PMID: 25488728 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal elements have historically played a key role in "bottom-up" self-assembly processes for nanofabrication. However, these elementary components can also interact with light to generate complex intensity distributions and facilitate "top-down" lithography. Here, a nanolithography technique is demonstrated based on oblique illuminations of colloidal particles to fabricate hollow-core 3D nanostructures with complex symmetry. The light-particle interaction generates an angular light distribution as governed by Mie scattering, which can be compounded by multiple illuminations to sculpt novel 3D structures in the underlying photoresist. The fabricated geometry can be controlled by the particle parameters and illumination configurations, enabling the fabrication of a large variety of asymmetric hollow nanostructures. The proposed technique has high pattern versatility, is low cost and high throughput, and can find potential application in nanoneedles, nanonozzles, and materials with anisotropic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu A Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
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45
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Nagai M, Oohara K, Kato K, Kawashima T, Shibata T. Development and characterization of hollow microprobe array as a potential tool for versatile and massively parallel manipulation of single cells. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:41. [PMID: 25749639 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parallel manipulation of single cells is important for reconstructing in vivo cellular microenvironments and studying cell functions. To manipulate single cells and reconstruct their environments, development of a versatile manipulation tool is necessary. In this study, we developed an array of hollow probes using microelectromechanical systems fabrication technology and demonstrated the manipulation of single cells. We conducted a cell aspiration experiment with a glass pipette and modeled a cell using a standard linear solid model, which provided information for designing hollow stepped probes for minimally invasive single-cell manipulation. We etched a silicon wafer on both sides and formed through holes with stepped structures. The inner diameters of the holes were reduced by SiO2 deposition of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition to trap cells on the tips. This fabrication process makes it possible to control the wall thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter of the probes. With the fabricated probes, single cells were manipulated and placed in microwells at a single-cell level in a parallel manner. We studied the capture, release, and survival rates of cells at different suction and release pressures and found that the cell trapping rate was directly proportional to the suction pressure, whereas the release rate and viability decreased with increasing the suction pressure. The proposed manipulation system makes it possible to place cells in a well array and observe the adherence, spreading, culture, and death of the cells. This system has potential as a tool for massively parallel manipulation and for three-dimensional hetero cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tenpaku, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan,
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46
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Aalipour A, Xu AM, Leal-Ortiz S, Garner CC, Melosh NA. Plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton as synergistic barriers to nanowire cell penetration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12362-7. [PMID: 25244597 DOI: 10.1021/la502273f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanowires are a rapidly emerging platform for manipulation of and material delivery directly into the cell cytosol. These high aspect ratio structures can breach the lipid membrane; however, the yield of penetrant structures is low, and the mechanism is largely unknown. In particular, some nanostructures appear to defeat the membrane transiently, while others can retain long-term access. Here, we examine if local dissolution of the lipid membrane, actin cytoskeleton, or both can enhance nanowire penetration. It is possible that, during cell contact, membrane rupture occurs; however, if the nanostructures do not penetrate the cytoskeleton, the membrane may reclose over a relatively short time frame. We show with quantitative analysis of the number of penetrating nanowires that the lipid bilayer and actin cytoskeleton are synergistic barriers to nanowire cell access, yet chemical poration through both is still insufficient to increase long-term access for adhered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Aalipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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47
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Bonde S, Buch-Månson N, Rostgaard KR, Andersen TK, Berthing T, Martinez KL. Exploring arrays of vertical one-dimensional nanostructures for cellular investigations. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:362001. [PMID: 25130133 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/36/362001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The endeavor of exploiting arrays of vertical one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures (NSs) for cellular applications has recently been experiencing a pronounced surge of activity. The interest is rooted in the intrinsic properties of high-aspect-ratio NSs. With a height comparable to a mammalian cell, and a diameter 100-1000 times smaller, NSs should intuitively reach far into a cell and, due to their small diameter, do so without compromising cell health. Single NSs would thus be expedient for measuring and modifying cell response. Further organization of these structures into arrays can provide up-scaled and detailed spatiotemporal information on cell activity, an achievement that would entail a massive leap forward in disease understanding and drug discovery. Numerous proofs-of-principle published recently have expanded the large toolbox that is currently being established in this rapidly advancing field of research. Encouragingly, despite the diversity of NS platforms and experimental conditions used thus far, general trends and conclusions from combining cells with NSs are beginning to crystallize. This review covers the broad spectrum of NS materials and dimensions used; the observed cellular responses with specific focus on adhesion, morphology, viability, proliferation, and migration; compares the different approaches used in the field to provide NSs with the often crucial cytosolic access; covers the progress toward biological applications; and finally, envisions the future of this technology. By maintaining the impressive rate and quality of recent progress, it is conceivable that the use of vertical 1D NSs may soon be established as a superior choice over other current techniques, with all the further benefits that may entail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonde
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Nano-science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Quantification of nanowire penetration into living cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3613. [PMID: 24710350 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-aspect ratio nanostructures such as nanowires and nanotubes are a powerful new tool for accessing the cell interior for delivery and sensing. Controlling and optimizing cellular access is a critical challenge for this new technology, yet even the most basic aspect of this process, whether these structures directly penetrate the cell membrane, is still unknown. Here we report the first quantification of hollow nanowires-nanostraws-that directly penetrate the membrane by observing dynamic ion delivery from each 100-nm diameter nanostraw. We discover that penetration is a rare event: 7.1±2.7% of the nanostraws penetrate the cell to provide cytosolic access for an extended period for an average of 10.7±5.8 penetrations per cell. Using time-resolved delivery, the kinetics of the first penetration event are shown to be adhesion dependent and coincident with recruitment of focal adhesion-associated proteins. These measurements provide a quantitative basis for understanding nanowire-cell interactions, and a means for rapidly assessing membrane penetration.
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49
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Nair BG, Nakano Y, Ito Y, Abe H. Transmembrane molecular transport through nanopores formed by protein nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:602-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Yoon SS, Khang DY. Vertical arrays of SiO2 micro/nanotubes templated from Si pillars by chemical oxidation for high loading capacity buoyant aquatic devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:13441-13447. [PMID: 24313459 DOI: 10.1021/am4043504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple and facile method to fabricate SiO2 micro- or nanotubes has been demonstrated based on room temperature wet chemical oxidation of a porous layer of Si pillar templates that have been prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE). Under typical conditions, Si pillars produced by the MaCE have been found to be covered with a thin nanoporous Si layer. The porous Si skin layer has been chemically oxidized by simple dipping in AgNO3 solution at room temperature, which has led to seamless SiO2 shell layer thanks to the accompanying volume expansion during the wet oxidation. Following wet removal of core Si by KOH yields the SiO2 micro- or nanotubes, either in test tube shape or in open shape at both ends, depending on processing method. The vertical arrays of the SiO2 tube on the Si substrate, after hydrophobic siloxane oligomer printing, has been found to have very large loading capacity on water, due to extremely high porosity (>90%) and good enough mechanical stability. The novel method to fabricate SiO2 tubes can shed new light in design of novel aquatic devices, other than simple mimicking the leg of a water strider. Also, the method may be very helpful in various applications of SiO2 nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Korea
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