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Vieira A, Cui W, Jokinen V, Ras RHA, Zhou Q. Through-drop imaging of moving contact lines and contact areas on opaque water-repellent surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2350-2359. [PMID: 36880312 PMCID: PMC10053025 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of natural surfaces such as plant leaves and insect wings can repel water and remain unwetted inspiring scientists and engineers to develop water-repellent surfaces for various applications. Those natural and artificial water-repellent surfaces are typically opaque, containing micro- and nano-roughness, and their wetting properties are determined by the details at the actual liquid-solid interface. However, a generally applicable way to directly observe moving contact lines on opaque water-repellent surfaces is missing. Here, we show that the advancing and receding contact lines and corresponding contact area on micro- and nano-rough water-repellent surfaces can be readily and reproducibly quantified using a transparent droplet probe. Combined with a conventional optical microscope, we quantify the progression of the apparent contact area and apparent contact line irregularity in different types of superhydrophobic silicon nanograss surfaces. Contact angles near 180° can be determined with an uncertainty as low as 0.2°, that a conventional contact angle goniometer cannot distinguish. We also identify the pinning/depinning sequences of a pillared model surface with excellent repeatability and quantify the progression of the apparent contact interface and contact angle of natural plant leaves with irregular surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Vieira
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Maarintie 8, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Wenjuan Cui
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Maarintie 8, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, P. R. China
| | - Ville Jokinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Maarintie 8, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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2
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Bae K, Kang M, Shin Y, Choi E, Kim YM, Lee J. Multifunctional Edible Oil-Impregnated Nanoporous Oxide Layer on AISI 304 Stainless Steel. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:807. [PMID: 36903685 PMCID: PMC10005306 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) realized on commercial materials provides various functionalities, such as corrosion resistance, condensation heat transfer, anti-fouling, de/anti-icing, and self-cleaning. In particular, perfluorinated lubricants infused in fluorocarbon-coated porous structures have showed exceptional performances with durability; however, they caused several issues in safety, due to their difficulty in degradation and bio-accumulation. Here, we introduce a new approach to create the multifunctional lubricant-impregnated surface with edible oils and fatty acid, which are also safe to human body and degradable in nature. The edible oil-impregnated anodized nanoporous stainless steel surface shows a significantly low contact angle hysteresis and sliding angle, which is similar with general surface of fluorocarbon lubricant-infused systems. The edible oil impregnated in the hydrophobic nanoporous oxide surface also inhibits the direct contact of external aqueous solution to a solid surface structure. Due to such de-wetting property caused by a lubricating effect of edible oils, the edible oil-impregnated stainless steel surface shows enhanced corrosion resistance, anti-biofouling and condensation heat transfer with reduced ice adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichang Bae
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Shin
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Dongnam Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yangsan 50623, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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3
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Shah NUH, Kanetkar S, Uppal A, Dickey MD, Wang RY, Rykaczewski K. Mechanism of Oil-in-Liquid Metal Emulsion Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13279-13287. [PMID: 36256617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) combine metallic properties with the deformability of a liquid, which makes them promising candidates for a variety of applications. To broaden the range of physical and chemical properties, a variety of solid additives have been incorporated into the LMs in the literature. In contrast, only a handful of secondary fluids have been incorporated into LMs to create foams (gas-in-LM) or emulsions (liquid-in-LM). LM foams readily form through mixing of LM in air, facilitated by the formation of a native oxide on the LM. In contrast, LM breaks up into microdroplets when mixed with a secondary liquid such as silicone oil. Stable silicone oil-in-LM emulsions form only during mixing of the oil with LM foam. In this work, we investigate the fundamental mechanism underlying this process. We describe two possible microscale mechanisms for emulsion formation: (1) oil replacing air in the foam or (2) oil creating additional features in the foam. The associated foam-to-emulsion density difference demonstrates that emulsions predominantly form through the addition of oxide-covered silicone oil capsules to the LM foam. We demonstrate this through density and surface wettability measurements and multiscale imaging of LM foam mixed with varied silicone oil contents in air or nitrogen environments. We also demonstrate the presence of a continuous silicone oil film on the emulsion surface and that this oil film prevents the embrittlement of contacting aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam Ul Hassan Shah
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - Shreyas Kanetkar
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - Aastha Uppal
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina27695, United States
| | - Robert Y Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - Konrad Rykaczewski
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
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4
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Zhang S, Gervinskas G, Qiu S, Venugopal H, Marceau RKW, de Marco A, Li J, Fu J. Methods of Preparing Nanoscale Vitreous Ice Needles for High-Resolution Cryogenic Characterization. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6501-6508. [PMID: 35926226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New high-resolution imaging methods for biological samples such as atom probe tomography (APT), facilitated by the invention of laser-pulsed atom probes and cryo-transfer procedures, have recently emerged. However, ensuring the vitreous state of the fabricated aqueous needle-shaped APT samples remains a challenge despite it being crucial for characterizing biomolecules such as proteins and cellular architectures in their near-native state. Our work investigated three potential approaches: (1) open microcapillary (OMC) method, (2) high-pressure freezing method (HPF), and (3) graphene encapsulation method. Diffraction patterns of the needle specimens acquired by cryo-TEM have demonstrated the vitreous state of the ice needles, although limited to the tip regions, has been achieved with the three proposed approaches. With the capability to prepare vitreous ice needles from hydrated samples of up to ∼200 μm thickness (HPF), combined use of the three approaches opens new avenues for future near-atomic imaging of biological cells in their near-native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gediminas Gervinskas
- Ramaciotti Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hari Venugopal
- Ramaciotti Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ross K W Marceau
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alex de Marco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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5
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Wang X, Fu C, Zhang C, Qiu Z, Wang B. A Comprehensive Review of Wetting Transition Mechanism on the Surfaces of Microstructures from Theory and Testing Methods. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144747. [PMID: 35888211 PMCID: PMC9317979 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely employed in both fundamental research and industrial applications because of their self-cleaning, waterproof, and low-adhesion qualities. Maintaining the stability of the superhydrophobic state and avoiding water infiltration into the microstructure are the basis for realizing these characteristics, while the size, shape, and distribution of the heterogeneous microstructures affect both the static contact angle and the wetting transition mechanism. Here, we review various classical models of wettability, as well as the advanced models for the corrected static contact angle for heterogeneous surfaces, including the general roughness description, fractal theory description, re-entrant geometry description, and contact line description. Subsequently, we emphasize various wetting transition mechanisms on heterogeneous surfaces. The advanced testing strategies to investigate the wetting transition behavior will also be analyzed. In the end, future research priorities on the wetting transition mechanisms of heterogeneous surfaces are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Cheng Fu
- China Classification Society Quality Assurance Ltd., Beijing 100006, China;
| | - Chunlai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zhengyao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Mukherjee A, Basu DN, Mondal PK, Chen L. Characterization of condensation on nanostructured surfaces and associated thermal hydraulics using a thermal lattice Boltzmann method. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:045308. [PMID: 35590537 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.045308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the condensation process on nanostructured surfaces can be modulated substantially by tuning the surface architecture. Present study uses the mesoscopic framework of lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to explore the role of surface morphology and cold spot temperature in determining the visual state of the condensate droplet, mode of nucleation, and associated rates of energy and mass interactions. A multiple relaxation time-(MRT)-based LBM solver, coupled with pseudopotential model, has been developed to simulate a rectangular domain of saturated vapor, housing a cold spot on the bottom rough surface. Superhydrophobicity has been achieved for certain combinations of surface parameters, with the intercolumn spacing being the most influential one. Gradual increase in the spacing modifies the nucleation mode from top through side to bottom, while the droplet changes from Cassie to Wenzel state. The Cassie drop in top nucleation mode exhibits the largest contact angle and least rate of surface heat transfer. Both types of Wenzel drops display large rate of condensation and two peaks in heat transfer, along with very short nucleation time in comparison with Cassie drops. Couple of phase diagrams have been developed combining all four scenarios of condensation predicted by the present model. One important novelty of the present study is the consideration of nonisothermal condition within LB structure. Enhancement in the degree of subcooling at the cold spot encourages greater condensation and Cassie-to-Wenzel transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Dipankar N Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pranab K Mondal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Yu ES, Chae K, Kim T, Lee J, Seo J, Kim IS, Chung AJ, Lee SD, Ryu YS. Development of a Photonic Switch via Electro-Capillarity-Induced Water Penetration Across a 10-nm Gap. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107060. [PMID: 35187805 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With narrow and dense nanoarchitectures increasingly adopted to improve optical functionality, achieving the complete wetting of photonic devices is required when aiming at underwater molecule detection over the water-repellent optical materials. Despite continuous advances in photonic applications, real-time monitoring of nanoscale wetting transitions across nanostructures with 10-nm gaps, the distance at which photonic performance is maximized, remains a chronic hurdle when attempting to quantify the water influx and molecules therein. For this reason, the present study develops a photonic switch that transforms the wetting transition into perceivable color changes using a liquid-permeable Fabry-Perot resonator. Electro-capillary-induced Cassie-to-Wenzel transitions produce an optical memory effect in the photonic switch, as confirmed by surface-energy analysis, simulations, and an experimental demonstration. The results show that controlling the wetting behavior using the proposed photonic switch is a promising strategy for the integration of aqueous media with photonic hotspots in plasmonic nanostructures such as biochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Sang Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyomin Chae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmok Seo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram J Chung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Doo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sang Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02481, Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhao B, Jia Y, Xu Y, Bonaccurso E, Deng X, Auernhammer GK, Chen L. What Can Probing Liquid-Air Menisci Inside Nanopores Teach Us About Macroscopic Wetting Phenomena? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6897-6905. [PMID: 33523651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid surfaces with excellent nonwetting ability have drawn significant interest from interfacial scientists and engineers. While much effort was devoted to investigating macroscopic wetting phenomena on nonwetting surfaces, the otherwise microscopic wetting has received less attention, and the surface/interface properties at the microscopic scale are not well resolved and correlated with the macroscopic wetting behavior. Herein, we first characterize the nanoscopic morphology and effective stiffness of liquid-air interfaces inside nanopores (nanomenisci) on diverse nonwetting nanoporous surfaces underneath water droplets using atomic force microscopy. Detailed three-dimensional imaging of the droplet-surface contact region reveals that water only slightly penetrates into the nanopores, allowing for quantitative prediction of the macroscopic contact angle using the Cassie-Baxter model. By gradually increasing the scanning force, we observe incrementally wetting of nanopores by water, and dewetting occurs when the force is lowered again, exhibiting reversible wetting-dewetting transitions. Further, nanoindentation measurements demonstrate that the nanomenisci show apparent elastic deformation and size-dependent effective stiffness at small indenting forces. Finally, we correlate the effective stiffness of the nanomenisci with the transition from complete rebound to partial rebound for impinging droplets on nanoporous surfaces. Our study suggests that probing the physical properties of the liquid-air menisci at the nanoscale is essential to rationalize macroscopic static and dynamic wetting phenomena on structured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Zhao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Youquan Jia
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | | | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Longquan Chen
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Yu N, Kiani S, Xu M, Kim CJC. Brightness of Microtrench Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Visual Detection of Intermediate Wetting States. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1206-1214. [PMID: 33428410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For a superhydrophobic (SHPo) surface under water, the dewetted or wetted states are easily distinguishable by the bright silvery plastron or lack of it, respectively. However, to detect an intermediate state between the two, where water partially intrudes the surface roughness, a special visualization technique has been needed. Focusing on SHPo surfaces of parallel microtrenches and considering drag reduction as a prominent application, we (i) show the reliance on surface brightness alone may seriously mislead the wetting state, (ii) theorize how the brightness is determined by water intrusion depth and viewing direction, (iii) support the theory experimentally with confocal microscopy and CCD cameras, (iv) present how to estimate the intrusion depth using optical images taken from different angles, and (v) showcase how to detect intermediate states slightly off the properly dewetted state by simply looking. The proposed method would allow monitoring SHPo trench surfaces without bulky instruments-especially useful for large samples and field tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yu
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sarina Kiani
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Muchen Xu
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chang-Jin Cj Kim
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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10
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Sivakumar M, Liu DK, Chiao YH, Hung WS. Synergistic effect of one-dimensional silk nanofiber and two-dimensional graphene oxide composite membrane for enhanced water purification. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Phadnis A, Manning KC, Schuett GW, Rykaczewski K. Role of Scale Wettability on Rain-Harvesting Behavior in a Desert-Dwelling Rattlesnake. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21141-21147. [PMID: 31867507 PMCID: PMC6921647 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During storms in the southwestern United States, several rattlesnake species have been observed drinking rain droplets collected on their dorsal scales. This process often includes coiling and flattening of the snake's body, presumably to enhance water collection. Here, we explored this rain-harvesting behavior of the Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) from the perspective of surface science. Specifically, we compared surface wettability and texture, as well as droplet impact and evaporation dynamics on the rattlesnake epidermis with those of two unrelated (control) sympatric snake species (Desert Kingsnake, Lampropeltis splendida, and Sonoran Gopher Snake, Pituophis catenifer). These two control species are not known to show rain-harvesting behavior. Our results show that the dorsal scales of the rattlesnake aid in water collection by providing a highly sticky, hydrophobic surface, which pins the impacting water droplets. We show that this high pinning characteristic stems from surface nanotexture made of shallow, labyrinth-like channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Phadnis
- School for Engineering of
Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State
University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Kenneth C. Manning
- School for Engineering of
Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State
University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gordon W. Schuett
- Chiricahua Desert Museum, Rodeo, New Mexico 88056, United States
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Konrad Rykaczewski
- School for Engineering of
Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State
University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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12
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Cao Y, Jana S, Bowen L, Tan X, Liu H, Rostami N, Brown J, Jakubovics NS, Chen J. Hierarchical Rose Petal Surfaces Delay the Early-Stage Bacterial Biofilm Growth. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14670-14680. [PMID: 31630525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A variety of natural surfaces exhibit antibacterial properties; as a result, significant efforts in the past decade have been dedicated toward fabrication of biomimetic surfaces that can help control biofilm growth. Examples of such surfaces include rose petals, which possess hierarchical structures like the micropapillae measuring tens of microns and nanofolds that range in the size of 700 ± 100 nm. We duplicated the natural structures on rose petal surfaces via a simple UV-curable nanocasting technique and tested the efficacy of these artificial surfaces in preventing biofilm growth using clinically relevant bacteria strains. The rose petal-structured surfaces exhibited hydrophobicity (contact angle (CA) ≈ 130.8° ± 4.3°) and high CA hysteresis (∼91.0° ± 4.9°). Water droplets on rose petal replicas evaporated following the constant contact line mode, indicating the likely coexistence of both Cassie and Wenzel states (Cassie-Baxter impregnating the wetting state). Fluorescence microscopy and image analysis revealed the significantly lower attachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis (86.1 ± 6.2% less) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85.9 ± 3.2% less) on the rose petal-structured surfaces, compared with flat surfaces over a period of 2 h. An extensive biofilm matrix was observed in biofilms formed by both species on flat surfaces after prolonged growth (several days), but was less apparent on rose petal-biomimetic surfaces. In addition, the biomass of S. epidermidis (63.2 ± 9.4% less) and P. aeruginosa (76.0 ± 10.0% less) biofilms were significantly reduced on the rose petal-structured surfaces, in comparison to the flat surfaces. By comparing P. aeruginosa growth on representative unitary nanopillars, we demonstrated that hierarchical structures are more effective in delaying biofilm growth. The mechanisms are two-fold: (1) the nanofolds across the hemispherical micropapillae restrict initial attachment of bacterial cells and delay the direct contact of cells via cell alignment and (2) the hemispherical micropapillae arrays isolate bacterial clusters and inhibit the formation of a fibrous network. The hierarchical features on rose petal surfaces may be useful for developing strategies to control biofilm formation in medical and industrial contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leon Bowen
- Department of Physics , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , U.K
| | | | - Hongzhong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
| | - Nadia Rostami
- School of Dental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4BW , U.K
| | - James Brown
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Nicholas S Jakubovics
- School of Dental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4BW , U.K
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13
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Lee J, Jiang Y, Hizal F, Ban GH, Jun S, Choi CH. Durable omniphobicity of oil-impregnated anodic aluminum oxide nanostructured surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:734-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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In-situ ATR-FTIR for dynamic analysis of superhydrophobic breakdown on nanostructured silicon surfaces. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11637. [PMID: 30072798 PMCID: PMC6072713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces are highly promising for self-cleaning, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion applications. However, accurate assessment of the lifetime and sustainability of super-hydrophobic materials is hindered by the lack of large area characterization of superhydrophobic breakdown. In this work, attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is explored for a dynamic study of wetting transitions on immersed superhydrophobic arrays of silicon nanopillars. Spontaneous breakdown of the superhydrophobic state is triggered by in-situ modulation of the liquid surface tension. The high surface sensitivity of ATR-FTIR allows for accurate detection of local liquid infiltration. Experimentally determined wetting transition criteria show significant deviations from predictions by classical wetting models. Breakdown kinetics is found to slow down dramatically when the liquid surface tension approaches the transition criterion, which clearly underlines the importance of more accurate wetting analysis on large-area surfaces. Precise actuation of the superhydrophobic breakdown process is demonstrated for the first time through careful modulation of the liquid surface tension around the transition criterion. The developed ATR-FTIR method can be a promising technique to study wetting transitions and associated dynamics on various types of superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Tenjimbayashi M, Nishioka S, Kobayashi Y, Kawase K, Li J, Abe J, Shiratori S. A Lubricant-Sandwiched Coating with Long-Term Stable Anticorrosion Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1386-1393. [PMID: 29286674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lubricant-infused surface(s) (LIS) bioinspired by the Nepenthes pitcher plant are receiving enormous attention owing to their excellent hydrophobicity as well as their self-healing ability. Thus, they have been applied as anticorrosion coatings. However, the loss of lubricant mediated by vapor or other liquids deteriorates their functions. Herein, we introduce a lubricant-inserted (sandwiched) microporous triple-layered surface (LIMITS) that prevents the sudden loss of lubricant. The sandwiched lubricant gradually self-secretes toward the surface, resulting in long-term stability even under water. The LIMITS prevented the corrosion of the Fe plate for at least 45 days, which is much superior to a conventional LIS coating. This work opens an avenue for the application of slippery coating materials that are stable under water and will also promote the development of anticorrosion coating in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Tenjimbayashi
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nishioka
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuta Kobayashi
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Koki Kawase
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Jiatu Li
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Jyunichiro Abe
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Seimei Shiratori
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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16
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Peng Y, Jin X, Zheng Y, Han D, Liu K, Jiang L. Direct Imaging of Superwetting Behavior on Solid-Liquid-Vapor Triphase Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28869679 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A solid-liquid-vapor interface dominated by a three-phase contact line usually serves as an active area for interfacial reactions and provides a vital clue to surface behavior. Recently, direct imaging of the triphase interface of superwetting interfaces on the microscale/nanoscale has attracted broad scientific attention for both theoretical research and practical applications, and has gradually become an efficient and intuitive approach to explore the wetting behaviors of various multiphase interfaces. Here, recent progress on characterizing the solid-liquid-vapor triphase interface on the microscale/nanoscale with diverse types of imaging apparatus is summarized. Moreover, the accurate, visible, and quantitative information that can be obtained shows the real interfacial morphology of the wetting behaviors of multiphase interfaces. On the basis of fundamental research, technical innovations in imaging and complicated multiphase interfaces of the superwetting surface are also briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xu Jin
- Research Institute of Petroleum, Exploration and Development, Petro China, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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17
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Gong X, Gao X, Jiang L. Recent Progress in Bionic Condensate Microdrop Self-Propelling Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703002. [PMID: 28845888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bionic condensate microdrop self-propelling (CMDSP) surfaces are attracting increased attention as novel, low-adhesivity superhydrophobic surfaces due to their value in fundamental research and technological innovation, e.g., for enhancing heat transfer, energy-effective antifreezing, and electrostatic energy harvesting. Here, the focus is on recent progress in bionic CMDSP surfaces. Metal-based CMDSP surfaces, which are the most promising in their respective fields, are highlighted for use in future applications. The selected topics are divided into four sections: biological prototypes, mechanism and construction rules, fabrication, and applications of metal-based CMDSP surfaces. Finally, the challenges and future development trends in bionic CMDSP surfaces are envisioned, especially the utilization of potential bionic inspiration in the design of more advanced CMDSP surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Gong
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101407, China
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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18
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Stachewicz U, Szewczyk PK, Kruk A, Barber AH, Czyrska-Filemonowicz A. Pore shape and size dependence on cell growth into electrospun fiber scaffolds for tissue engineering: 2D and 3D analyses using SEM and FIB-SEM tomography. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 95:397-408. [PMID: 30573264 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers have ability to boost cell proliferation in tissue engineered scaffolds as their structure remind cells extra cellular matrix of the native tissue. The complex architecture and network of nanofibrous scaffolds requires advanced characterization methods to understand interrelationship between cells and nanofibers. In our study, we used complementary 2D and 3D analyses of electrospun polylactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA) scaffolds in two configurations: aligned and randomly oriented nanofibers. Sizes of pores and fibers, pores shapes and porosity, before and after cell culture, were verified by imaging with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and combination of focus ion beam (FIB) and SEM to obtain 3D reconstructions of samples. Using FIB-SEM tomography for 3D reconstructions and 2D analyses, a unique set of data allowing understanding cell proliferation mechanism into the electrospun scaffolds, was delivered. Critically, the proliferation of cells into nanofibers network depends mainly on the pore shape and pores interconnections, which allow deep integration between cells and nanofibers. The proliferation of cells inside the network of fibers is much limited for aligned fibers comparing to randomly oriented fibers. For random fibers cells have easier way to integrate inside the scaffold as the circularity of pores and their sizes are larger than for aligned scaffolds. The complex architecture of electrospun scaffolds requires appropriate, for tissue engineering needs, cell seeding and culture methods, to maximize tissue growth in vitro environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Stachewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Piotr K Szewczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Kruk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Asa H Barber
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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19
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Live Imaging of Micro-Wettability Experiments Performed for Low-Permeability Oil Reservoirs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4347. [PMID: 28659626 PMCID: PMC5489482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-permeability (unconventional) hydrocarbon reservoirs exhibit a complex nanopore structure and micro (µm) -scale variability in composition which control fluid distribution, displacement and transport processes. Conventional methods for characterizing fluid-rock interaction are however typically performed at a macro (mm) -scale on rock sample surfaces. In this work, innovative methods for the quantification of micro-scale variations in wettability and fluid distribution in a low-permeability oil reservoir was enabled by using an environmental scanning electron microscope. Live imaging of controlled water condensation/evaporation experiments allowed micro-droplet contact angles to be evaluated, while imaging combined with x-ray mapping of cryogenically frozen samples facilitated the evaluation of oil and water micro-droplet contact angles after successive fluid injection. For the first time, live imaging of fluids injected through a micro-injection system has enabled quantification of sessile and dynamic micro-droplet contact angles. Application of these combined methods has revealed dramatic spatial changes in fluid contact angles at the micro-scale, calling into question the applicability of macro-scale observations of fluid-rock interaction.
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He Y, Zhou Q, Wang S, Yang R, Jiang C, Yuan W. In Situ Observation of Dynamic Wetting Transition in Re-Entrant Microstructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3949-3953. [PMID: 28394611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Re-entrant microstructures exhibit excellent wetting stability under different pressure levels, but the underlying mechanism determined by wetting transition behavior at the microscale level remains unclear. We propose the "wetting chip" method for in situ assessment of the dynamic behavior of wetting transition in re-entrant microstructures. High sag and transverse depinning were observed in re-entrant microstructures. Analysis indicated that high sag and transverse depinning mainly influenced the stability of the structures. The threshold pressure and longevity of wetting transition were predicted and experimentally verified. The design criteria of wetting stability, including small geometry design, hydrophobic material selection, and sidewall condition, were also presented. The proposed method and model can be applied to different shapes and geometry microstructures to elucidate wetting stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Ministry of Education and Shaan'xi Key Provincial Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electromechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Ministry of Education and Shaan'xi Key Provincial Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electromechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shengkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Ministry of Education and Shaan'xi Key Provincial Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electromechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ruyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Ministry of Education and Shaan'xi Key Provincial Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electromechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Ministry of Education and Shaan'xi Key Provincial Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electromechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Weizheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Ministry of Education and Shaan'xi Key Provincial Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electromechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
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21
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Vrancken N, Sergeant S, Vereecke G, Doumen G, Holsteyns F, Terryn H, De Gendt S, Xu X. Superhydrophobic Breakdown of Nanostructured Surfaces Characterized in Situ Using ATR-FTIR. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3601-3609. [PMID: 28335608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ characterization of the underwater stability of superhydrophobic micro- and nanostructured surfaces is important for the development of self-cleaning and antifouling materials. In this work, we demonstrate a novel attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy-based method for large-area wetting characterization of silicon nanopillars. When air is present in between the structures, as is characteristic of the Cassie-Baxter state, the relative intensities of the water bands in the absorption spectrum change because of the wavelength-dependent attenuation of the evanescent wave. This phenomenon enables unambiguous identification of the wetting state and assessment of liquid impalement. Using mixtures of isopropanol and water with different concentrations, the breakdown of superhydrophobic states and the wetting hysteresis effects are systematically studied on uniform arrays of silicon nanopillars. A transition from the Cassie-Baxter to Wenzel state is observed when the isopropanol concentration exceeds 2.8 mol %, corresponding to a critical surface tension of 39 mN/m. Spontaneous dewetting does not occur upon decreasing the isopropanol concentration, and pure water can be obtained in a stable Wenzel state on the originally superhydrophobic substrates. The developed ATR-FTIR method can be promising for real-time monitoring of the wetting kinetics on nanostructured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandi Vrancken
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
- Imec , Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Herman Terryn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
| | | | - XiuMei Xu
- Imec , Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Sharma CS, Combe J, Giger M, Emmerich T, Poulikakos D. Growth Rates and Spontaneous Navigation of Condensate Droplets Through Randomly Structured Textures. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1673-1682. [PMID: 28170223 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dropwise condensation is a phenomenon of common occurrence in everyday life, the understanding and controlling of which is of great interest to applications ranging from technology to nature. Scalable superhydrophobic textures on metals are of direct relevance in improving phase change heat transport in realistic industrial applications. Here we reveal important facets of individual droplet growth rate and droplet departure during dropwise condensation on randomly structured hierarchical superhydrophobic aluminum textures, that is, surfaces with a microstructure consisting of irregular re-entrant microcavities and an overlaying nanostructure. We demonstrate that precoalescence droplet growth on such a surface can span a broad range of rates even when the condensation conditions are held constant. The fastest growth rates are observed to be more than 4 times faster as compared to the slowest growing droplets. We show that this variation in droplet growth on the hierarchical texture is primarily controlled by droplet growth dynamics on the nanostructure overlaying the microstructure and is caused by condensation-induced localized wetting nonuniformity on the nanostructure. We also show that the droplets nucleating and growing within the microcavities are able to spontaneously navigate the irregular microcavity geometry, climb the microtexture, and finally depart from the surface by coalescence-induced jumping. This self-navigation is realized by a synergistic combination of self-orienting Laplace pressure gradients induced within the droplet as it dislodges itself and moves through the texture, as well as multidroplet coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander Shekhar Sharma
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Combe
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Giger
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theo Emmerich
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Wang P, Su J, Shen M, Ruths M, Sun H. Detection of Liquid Penetration of a Micropillar Surface Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:638-644. [PMID: 27973850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative characterization of the wetting states of droplets on hydrophobic textured surfaces requires direct measurement of the liquid penetration into surface cavities, which is challenging. Here, the use of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technology is reported for the characterization of the liquid penetration depth on a micropillar-patterned surface. The actual liquid-air interface of the droplet was established by freezing the droplet and characterizing it using a cryogenically focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (cryo FIB-SEM) technique. It was found that a direct correlation exists between the liquid penetration depth and the responses of the QCM. A very small frequency shift of the QCM (1.5%) was recorded when the droplet was in the Cassie state, whereas a significant frequency shift was observed when the wetting state changed to the Wenzel state (where full liquid penetration occurs). Furthermore, a transition from the Cassie to the Wenzel state can be captured by the QCM technique. An acoustic-structure-interaction based numerical model was developed to further understand the effect of penetration. The numerical model was validated by experimentally measured responses of micropillar-patterned QCMs. The results also show a nonlinear response of the QCM to the increasing liquid penetration depth. This research provides a solid foundation for utilizing QCM sensors for liquid penetration and surface wettability characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Junwei Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mengyan Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Marina Ruths
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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24
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Bakhsh TA. Ultrastructural features of dentinoenamel junction revealed by focused gallium ion beam milling. J Microsc 2016; 264:14-21. [PMID: 27229629 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To take full advantage of focused ion beam (FIB) in preparation of ultrathin sections of biological tissues, we have used a cryo-milling process. In this study, extracted human teeth were scanned by optical coherence tomography to inspect the samples for intactness and to determine the area of interest. Then, the selected area of interest was cross-sectioned for examination under a confocal laser scanning microscope to determine the target location of the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) that was later milled by cryo-FIB at preset parameters, followed by transmission electron microscope examination of the final sliced specimens for ultrastructural characterization. The proposed technique was able to outline the DEJ and to identify the different tooth layers in a single section, without artefacts or tissue damage. The DEJ was outlined as fine longitudinal projections intermingling between the solid electron-dense enamel and intricate electron-lucent hollow dentin. In conclusion, this study has shown the great potential of cryo-FIB in handling different biological tissues having different physical properties, with great precision and accuracy and minimum artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki A Bakhsh
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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25
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Bengaluru Subramanyam S, Kondrashov V, Rühe J, Varanasi KK. Low Ice Adhesion on Nano-Textured Superhydrophobic Surfaces under Supersaturated Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12583-7. [PMID: 27150450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ice adhesion on superhydrophobic surfaces can significantly increase in humid environments because of frost nucleation within the textures. Here, we studied frost formation and ice adhesion on superhydrophobic surfaces with various surface morphologies using direct microscale imaging combined with macroscale adhesion tests. Whereas ice adhesion increases on microtextured surfaces, a 15-fold decrease is observed on nanotextured surfaces. This reduction is because of the inhibition of frost formation within the nanofeatures and the stabilization of vapor pockets. Such "Cassie ice"-promoting textures can be used in the design of anti-icing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitaliy Kondrashov
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg , 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg , 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Osborn Popp TM, Addison JB, Jordan JS, Damle VG, Rykaczewski K, Chang SLY, Stokes GY, Edgerly JS, Yarger JL. Surface and Wetting Properties of Embiopteran (Webspinner) Nanofiber Silk. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:4681-4687. [PMID: 27062909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Insects of the order Embioptera, known as embiopterans, embiids, or webspinners, weave silk fibers together into sheets to make shelters called galleries. In this study, we show that silk galleries produced by the embiopteran Antipaluria urichi exhibit a highly hydrophobic wetting state with high water adhesion macroscopically equivalent to the rose petal effect. Specifically, the silk sheets have advancing contact angles above 150°, but receding contact angle approaching 0°. The silk sheets consist of layered fiber bundles with single strands spaced by microscale gaps. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) images of silk treated with organic solvent and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the organic extract support the presence of a lipid outer layer on the silk fibers. We use cryogenic SEM to demonstrate that water drops reside on only the first layer of the silk fibers. The area fraction of this sparse outer silk layers is 0.1 to 0.3, which according to the Cassie-Baxter equation yields an effective static contact angle of ∼130° even for a mildly hydrophobic lipid coating. Using high magnification optical imaging of the three phase contact line of a water droplet receding from the silk sheet, we show that the high adhesion of the drop stems from water pinning along bundles of multiple silk fibers. The bundles likely form when the drop contact line is pinned on individual fibers and pulls them together as it recedes. The dynamic reorganization of the silk sheets during the droplet movement leads to formation of "super-pinning sites" that give embiopteran silk one of the strongest adhesions to water of any natural hydrophobic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Osborn Popp
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - J Bennett Addison
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jacob S Jordan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Viraj G Damle
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Konrad Rykaczewski
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Shery L Y Chang
- LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Grace Y Stokes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University , Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Janice S Edgerly
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University , Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Jeffery L Yarger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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27
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Park J, Han HS, Kim YC, Ahn JP, Ok MR, Lee KE, Lee JW, Cha PR, Seok HK, Jeon H. Direct and accurate measurement of size dependent wetting behaviors for sessile water droplets. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18150. [PMID: 26657208 PMCID: PMC4677463 DOI: 10.1038/srep18150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The size-dependent wettability of sessile water droplets is an important matter in wetting science. Although extensive studies have explored this problem, it has been difficult to obtain empirical data for microscale sessile droplets at a wide range of diameters because of the flaws resulting from evaporation and insufficient imaging resolution. Herein, we present the size-dependent quantitative change of wettability by directly visualizing the three phase interfaces of droplets using a cryogenic-focused ion beam milling and SEM-imaging technique. With the fundamental understanding of the formation pathway, evaporation, freezing, and contact angle hysteresis for sessile droplets, microdroplets with diameters spanning more than three orders of magnitude on various metal substrates were examined. Wetting nature can gradually change from hydrophobic at the hundreds-of-microns scale to super-hydrophobic at the sub-μm scale, and a nonlinear relationship between the cosine of the contact angle and contact line curvature in microscale water droplets was demonstrated. We also showed that the wettability could be further tuned in a size-dependent manner by introducing regular heterogeneities to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science &Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science &Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science &Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Jae-Pyeong Ahn
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.,Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science &Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Ryul Ok
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science &Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science &Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jee-Wook Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea
| | - Pil-Ryung Cha
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kwang Seok
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science &Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science &Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
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Abstract
Rough surfaces immersed under water remain practically dry if the liquid-solid contact is on roughness peaks, while the roughness valleys are filled with gas. Mechanisms that prevent water from invading the valleys are well studied. However, to remain practically dry under water, additional mechanisms need consideration. This is because trapped gas (e.g. air) in the roughness valleys can dissolve into the water pool, leading to invasion. Additionally, water vapor can also occupy the roughness valleys of immersed surfaces. If water vapor condenses, that too leads to invasion. These effects have not been investigated, and are critically important to maintain surfaces dry under water. In this work, we identify the critical roughness scale, below which it is possible to sustain the vapor phase of water and/or trapped gases in roughness valleys – thus keeping the immersed surface dry. Theoretical predictions are consistent with molecular dynamics simulations and experiments.
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Stachewicz U, Bailey RJ, Zhang H, Stone CA, Willis CR, Barber AH. Wetting Hierarchy in Oleophobic 3D Electrospun Nanofiber Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16645-16652. [PMID: 26176304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wetting behavior between electrospun nanofibrous networks and liquids is of critical importance in many applications including filtration and liquid-repellent textiles. The relationship between intrinsic nanofiber properties, including surface characteristics, and extrinsic nanofibrous network organization on resultant wetting characteristics of the nanofiber network is shown in this work. Novel 3D imaging exploiting focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) highlights a wetting hierarchy that defines liquid interactions with the network. Specifically, small length scale partial wetting between individual electrospun nanofibers and low surface tension liquids, measured both using direct SEM visualization and a nano Wilhelmy balance approach, provides oleophobic surfaces due to the high porosity of electrospun nanofiber networks. These observations conform to a metastable Cassie-Baxter regime and are important in defining general rules for understanding the wetting behavior between fibrous solids and low surface tension liquids for omniphobic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Stachewicz
- §International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Asa H Barber
- ⊥School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
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30
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Narhe R, Anand S, Rykaczewski K, Medici MG, González-Viñas W, Varanasi KK, Beysens D. Inverted Leidenfrost-like Effect during Condensation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5353-5363. [PMID: 25807004 DOI: 10.1021/la504850x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water droplets condensing on solidified phase change materials such as benzene and cyclohexane near their melting point show in-plane jumping and continuous "crawling" motion. The jumping drop motion has been tentatively explained as an outcome of melting and refreezing of the materials surface beneath the droplets and can be thus considered as an inverted Leidenfrost-like effect (in the classical case vapor is generated from a droplet on a hot substrate). We present here a detailed investigation of jumping movements using high-speed imaging and static cross-sectional cryogenic focused ion beam scanning electron microscope imaging. Our results show that drop motion is induced by a thermocapillary (Marangoni) effect. The in-plane jumping motion can be delineated to occur in two stages. The first stage occurs on a millisecond time scale and comprises melting the substrate due to drop condensation. This results in droplet depinning, partial spreading, and thermocapillary movement until freezing of the cyclohexane film. The second stage occurs on a second time scale and comprises relaxation motion of the drop contact line (change in drop contact radius and contact angle) after substrate freezing. When the cyclohexane film cannot freeze, the droplet continuously glides on the surface, resulting in the crawling motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramchandra Narhe
- †Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR) 7636, École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles ParisTech, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Diderot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France
- ‡Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sushant Anand
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Konrad Rykaczewski
- ∥School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Medici
- †Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR) 7636, École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles ParisTech, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Diderot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France
- ⊥Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique de la Mateière Condensée-UMR 7336, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | | | - Kripa K Varanasi
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel Beysens
- †Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR) 7636, École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles ParisTech, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Diderot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France
- #Service des Basses Températures, CEA-Grenoble and Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France
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31
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Bakhsh TA, Sadr A, Mandurah MM, Shimada Y, Zakaria O, Tagami J. In situ characterization of resin-dentin interfaces using conventional vs. cryofocused ion-beam milling. Dent Mater 2015; 31:833-44. [PMID: 25986333 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The introduction of focused ion beam (FIB) milling has facilitated preparation of hard tissue samples for transmission electron microscope (TEM). However, this technique generates high temperature that may alter or damage morphological features in biological tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of cryogenic cooling on the morphological features of dentin interfaces with dental restorative materials in samples prepared by FIB for TEM examination. METHODS After preparation of a cylindrical-shaped cavities in extracted, non-carious premolar teeth, the specimens were restored with dental adhesive/composite and categorized into two restorative materials groups; (PB) a combination of Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Japan)/Estelite Sigma Quick composite (Tokuyama Dental, Japan), and (SB) Filtek Silorane restorative system (3M ESPE, USA). The specimens were subjected to interfacial cross-sectioning, followed by observation and area selection using confocal laser microscopy. Later, ultrathin sections were prepared using FIB with cryogenic cooling (PB-C) and (SB-C), or without cooling (PB-NC) and (SB-NC) that all were examined under TEM. RESULTS Resulting TEM images of the ultra-morphological features at the resin-dentin nano-interaction zone were improved when FIB preparation was conducted in the cryogenic condition and no sign of artifacts were detected. SIGNIFICANCE Conducting ion beam milling with cryogenic cooling was advantageous in minimizing the elevation in specimen temperature. This led to preservation of dentin microstructures that revealed additional information about substrates that are necessary for advanced characterization of tooth-biomaterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki A Bakhsh
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah 215-89, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Mona M Mandurah
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Osama Zakaria
- Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University, 10 Elbostan St. Elmandara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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32
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Yang S, Du J, Cao M, Yao X, Ju J, Jin X, Su B, Liu K, Jiang L. Direct Insight into the Three-Dimensional Internal Morphology of Solid-Liquid-Vapor Interfaces at Microscale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Yang S, Du J, Cao M, Yao X, Ju J, Jin X, Su B, Liu K, Jiang L. Direct Insight into the Three-Dimensional Internal Morphology of Solid-Liquid-Vapor Interfaces at Microscale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4792-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Hou Y, Yu M, Chen X, Wang Z, Yao S. Recurrent filmwise and dropwise condensation on a beetle mimetic surface. ACS NANO 2015; 9:71-81. [PMID: 25482594 DOI: 10.1021/nn505716b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vapor condensation plays a key role in a wide range of industrial applications including power generation, thermal management, water harvesting and desalination. Fast droplet nucleation and efficient droplet departure as well as low interfacial thermal resistance are important factors that determine the thermal performances of condensation; however, these properties have conflicting requirements on the structural roughness and surface chemistry of the condensing surface or condensation modes (e.g., filmwise vs dropwise). Despite intensive efforts over the past few decades, almost all studies have focused on the dropwise condensation enabled by superhydrophobic surfaces. In this work, we report the development of a bioinspired hybrid surface with high wetting contrast that allows for seamless integration of filmwise and dropwise condensation modes. We show that the synergistic cooperation in the observed recurrent condensation modes leads to improvements in all aspects of heat transfer properties including droplet nucleation density, growth rate, and self-removal, as well as overall heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, we propose an analytical model to optimize the surface morphological features for dramatic heat transfer enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmin Hou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Kowloon, Hong Kong
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35
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Anand S, Rykaczewski K, Subramanyam SB, Beysens D, Varanasi KK. How droplets nucleate and grow on liquids and liquid impregnated surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:69-80. [PMID: 25410939 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01424c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Condensation on liquids has been studied extensively in context of breath figure templating, materials synthesis and enhancing heat transfer using liquid impregnated surfaces. However, the mechanics of nucleation and growth on liquids remains unclear, especially on liquids that spread on the condensate. By examining the energy barriers of nucleation, we provide a framework to choose liquids that can lead to enhanced nucleation. We show that due to limits of vapor sorption within a liquid, nucleation is most favoured at the liquid-air interface and demonstrate that on spreading liquids, droplet submergence within the liquid occurs thereafter. We provide a direct visualization of the thin liquid profile that cloaks the condensed droplet on a liquid impregnated surface and elucidate the vapour transport mechanism in the liquid films. Finally, we show that although the viscosity of the liquid does not affect droplet nucleation, it plays a crucial role in droplet growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Anand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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36
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Zhang Q, Sun D, Zhang Y, Zhu M. Lattice Boltzmann modeling of droplet condensation on superhydrophobic nanoarrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12559-12569. [PMID: 25275954 DOI: 10.1021/la502641y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Droplet nucleation and growth on superhydrophobic nanoarrays is simulated by employing a multiphase, multicomponent lattice Boltzmann (LB) model. Three typical preferential nucleation modes of condensate droplets are observed through LB simulations with various geometrical parameters of nanoarrays, which are found to influence the wetting properties of nanostructured surfaces significantly. The droplets nucleated at the top of posts (top nucleation) or in the upside interpost space of nanoarrays (side nucleation) will generate a nonwetting Cassie state, while the ones nucleated at the bottom corners between the posts of nanoarrays (bottom nucleation) produce a wetting Wenzel state. The simulated time evolutions of droplet pressures at different locations are analyzed, which offers insight into the underlying physics governing the motion of droplets growing from different nucleation modes. It is demonstrated that the nanostructures with taller posts and a high ratio of post height to interpost space (H/S) are beneficial to produce the top- and side-nucleation modes. The simulated wetting states of condensate droplets on the nanostructures, having various geometrical configurations, compare reasonably well with experimental observations. The established relationship between the geometrical parameters of nanoarrays and the preferential nucleation modes of condensate droplets provides guidance for the design of nanoarrays with desirable anticondensation superhydrophobic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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37
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Li S, Lamant S, Carlier J, Toubal M, Campistron P, Xu X, Vereecke G, Senez V, Thomy V, Nongaillard B. High-frequency acoustic for nanostructure wetting characterization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7601-7608. [PMID: 24881654 DOI: 10.1021/la5013395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructure wetting is a key problem when developing superhydrophobic surfaces. Conventional methods do not allow us to draw conclusions about the partial or complete wetting of structures on the nanoscale. Moreover, advanced techniques are not always compatible with an in situ, real time, multiscale (from macro to nanoscale) characterization. A high-frequency (1 GHz) acoustic method is used for the first time to characterize locally partial wetting and the wetting transition between nanostructures according to the surface tension of liquids (the variation is obtained by ethanol concentration modification). We can see that this method is extremely sensitive both to the level of liquid imbibition and to the impalement dynamic. We thus demonstrate the possibility to evaluate the critical surface tension of a liquid for which total wetting occurs according to the aspect ratio of the nanostructures. We also manage to identify intermediate states according to the height of the nanotexturation. Finally, our measurements revealed that the drop impalement depending on the surface tension of the liquid also depends on the aspect ratio of the nanostructures. We do believe that our method may lead to new insights into nanoscale wetting characterization by accessing the dynamic mapping of the liquid imbibition under the droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Li
- Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis , Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, IEMN, UMR 8520, Le Mont Houy 59313, France
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38
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Cheng Y, Suhonen H, Helfen L, Li J, Xu F, Grunze M, Levkin PA, Baumbach T. Direct three-dimensional imaging of polymer-water interfaces by nanoscale hard X-ray phase tomography. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:2982-2990. [PMID: 24695753 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52604f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report three-dimensional (3D) direct imaging of complex surface-liquid interfaces by hard X-ray phase contrast tomography as a non-destructive approach for the morphological characterization of surfaces at the micro- and nanoscale in contact with water. Specifically, we apply this method to study the solid-air-water interface in hydrophobic macroporous polymethacrylate surfaces, and the solid-oil-water interface in slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). Varying the isotropic spatial resolution allows the 3D quantitative characterization of individual polymer globules, globular clusters (porosity) as well as the infused lubricant layer on SLIPS. Surface defects were resolved at the globular level. We show the first application of X-ray nanotomography to hydrated surface characterizations and we anticipate that X-ray nanoscale imaging will open new ways for various surface/interface studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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39
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Subramanyam SB, Rykaczewski K, Varanasi KK. Ice adhesion on lubricant-impregnated textured surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13414-13418. [PMID: 24070257 DOI: 10.1021/la402456c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ice accretion is an important problem and passive approaches for reducing ice-adhesion are of great interest in various systems such as aircrafts, power lines, wind turbines, and oil platforms. Here, we study the ice-adhesion properties of lubricant-impregnated textured surfaces. Force measurements show ice adhesion strength on textured surfaces impregnated with thermodynamically stable lubricant films to be higher than that on surfaces with excess lubricant. Systematic ice-adhesion measurements indicate that the ice-adhesion strength is dependent on texture and decreases with increasing texture density. Direct cryogenic SEM imaging of the fractured ice surface and the interface between ice and lubricant-impregnated textured surface reveal stress concentrators and crack initiation sites that can increase with texture density and result in lowering adhesion strength. Thus, lubricant-impregnated surfaces have to be optimized to outperform state-of-the-art icephobic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Bengaluru Subramanyam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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40
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Boreyko JB, Srijanto BR, Nguyen TD, Vega C, Fuentes-Cabrera M, Collier CP. Dynamic defrosting on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:9516-9524. [PMID: 23822157 DOI: 10.1021/la401282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Water suspended on chilled superhydrophobic surfaces exhibits delayed freezing; however, the interdrop growth of frost through subcooled condensate forming on the surface seems unavoidable in humid environments. It is therefore of great practical importance to determine whether facile defrosting is possible on superhydrophobic surfaces. Here, we report that nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces promote the growth of frost in a suspended Cassie state, enabling its dynamic removal upon partial melting at low tilt angles (<15°). The dynamic removal of the melting frost occurred in two stages: spontaneous dewetting followed by gravitational mobilization. This dynamic defrosting phenomenon is driven by the low contact angle hysteresis of the defrosted meltwater relative to frost on microstructured superhydrophobic surfaces, which forms in the impaled Wenzel state. Dynamic defrosting on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces minimizes the time, heat, and gravitational energy required to remove frost from the surface, and is of interest for a variety of systems in cold and humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Boreyko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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41
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Rykaczewski K, Anand S, Subramanyam SB, Varanasi KK. Mechanism of frost formation on lubricant-impregnated surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:5230-8. [PMID: 23565857 DOI: 10.1021/la400801s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Frost formation is a major problem affecting a variety of industries including transportation, power generation, construction, and agriculture. Currently used active chemical, thermal, and mechanical techniques of ice removal are time-consuming and costly. The use of nanotextured coatings infused with perfluorinated oil has recently been proposed as a simple passive antifrosting and anti-icing method. However, we demonstrate that the process of freezing subcooled condensate and frost formation on such lubricant-impregnated surfaces is accompanied by the migration of the lubricant from the wetting ridge and from within the textured substrate to the surface of frozen droplets. For practical applications, this mechanism can comprise the self-healing and frost-repelling characteristics of lubricant impregnated-surfaces, regardless of the underlying substrate's topography. Thus, further research is necessary to develop liquid-texture pairs that will provide a sustainable frost suppression method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Rykaczewski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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42
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Rykaczewski K, Paxson AT, Anand S, Chen X, Wang Z, Varanasi KK. Multimode multidrop serial coalescence effects during condensation on hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:881-91. [PMID: 23259731 DOI: 10.1021/la304264g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The prospect of enhancing the condensation rate by decreasing the maximum drop departure diameter significantly below the capillary length through spontaneous drop motion has generated significant interest in condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS). The mobile coalescence leading to spontaneous drop motion was initially reported to occur only on hierarchical SHS, consisting of both nanoscale and microscale topological features. However, subsequent studies have shown that mobile coalescence also occurs on solely nanostructured SHS. Thus, recent focus has been on understanding the condensation process on nanostructured surfaces rather than on hierarchical SHS. In this work, we investigate the impact of microscale topography of hierarchical SHS on the droplet coalescence dynamics and wetting states during the condensation process. We show that isolated mobile and immobile coalescence between two drops, almost exclusively focused on in previous studies, are rare. We identify several new droplet shedding modes, which are aided by tangential propulsion of mobile drops. These droplet shedding modes comprise of multiple droplets merging during serial coalescence events, which culminate in formation of a drop that either departs or remains anchored to the surface. We directly relate postmerging drop adhesion to formation of drops in nanoscale as well as microscale Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter wetting states. We identify the optimal microscale feature spacing of the hierarchical SHS, which promotes departure of the highest number of microdroplets. This optimal surface architecture consists of microscale features spaced close enough to enable transition of larger droplets into micro-Cassie state yet, at the same time, provides sufficient spacing in-between the features for occurrence of mobile coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Rykaczewski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
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43
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Torresin D, Tiwari MK, Del Col D, Poulikakos D. Flow condensation on copper-based nanotextured superhydrophobic surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:840-848. [PMID: 23249322 DOI: 10.1021/la304389s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces have shown excellent ability to promote dropwise condensation with high droplet mobility, leading to enhanced surface thermal transport. To date, however, it is unclear how superhydrophobic surfaces would perform under the stringent flow condensation conditions of saturated vapor at high temperature, which can affect superhydrophobicity. Here, we investigate this issue employing "all-copper" superhydrophobic surfaces with controlled nanostructuring for minimal thermal resistance. Flow condensation tests performed with saturated vapor at a high temperature (110 °C) showed the condensing drops penetrate the surface texture (i.e., attain the Wenzel state with lower droplet mobility). At the same time, the vapor shear helped ameliorate the mobility and enhanced the thermal transport. At the high end of the examined vapor velocity range, a heat flux of ~600 kW m(-2) was measured at 10 K subcooling and 18 m s(-1) vapor velocity. This clearly highlights the excellent potential of a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface in flow condensation applications. The surfaces sustained dropwise condensation and vapor shear for five days, following which mechanical degradation caused a transition to filmwise condensation. Overall, our results underscore the need to investigate superhydrophobic surfaces under stringent and realistic flow condensation conditions before drawing conclusions regarding their performance in practically relevant condensation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Torresin
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Mechanical and Process Engineering Department, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Randolph SJ, Botman A, Toth M. Capsule-free fluid delivery and beam-induced electrodeposition in a scanning electron microscope. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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