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Dai Q, Du Z, Jing L, Zhang R, Tang W. Enzyme-Responsive Modular Peptides Enhance Tumor Penetration of Quantum Dots via Charge Reversal Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6208-6220. [PMID: 38279946 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles acting as fluorescent probes for detection, disease diagnosis, and photothermal and photodynamic therapy. However, their performance in cancer treatment is limited by inadequate tumor accumulation and penetration due to the larger size of nanoparticles compared to small molecules. To address this challenge, charge reversal nanoparticles offer an effective strategy to prolong blood circulation time and achieve enhanced endocytosis and tumor penetration. In this study, we leveraged the overexpressed γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in many human tumors and developed a library of modular peptides to serve as water-soluble surface ligands of QDs. We successfully transferred the QDs from the organic phase to the aqueous phase within 5 min. And through systematic tuning of the peptide sequence, we optimized the fluorescent stability of QDs and their charge reversal behavior in response to GGT. The resulting optimal peptide stabilized QDs in aqueous solution with a high fluorescent retention rate of 93% after three months and realized the surface charge reversal of QDs triggered by GGT in vitro. The binding between the peptide and QD surface was investigated by using saturation transfer differential nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR). Thanks to its charge reversal ability, the GGT-responsive QDs exhibited enhanced cellular uptake in GGT-expressing cancer cells and deeper penetration in the 3D multicellular spheroids. This enzyme-responsive modular peptide can lead to specific tumor targeting and deeper tumor penetration, holding great promise to enhance the treatment efficacy of QD-based theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Dai
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhen Du
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lihong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rongchun Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen Tang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Sobhanan J, Rival JV, Anas A, Sidharth Shibu E, Takano Y, Biju V. Luminescent Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Optical Properties, Bioimaging and Toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114830. [PMID: 37086917 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent nanomaterials such as semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) and quantum dots (QDs) attract much attention to optical detectors, LEDs, photovoltaics, displays, biosensing, and bioimaging. These materials include metal chalcogenide QDs and metal halide perovskite NCs. Since the introduction of cadmium chalcogenide QDs to biolabeling and bioimaging, various metal nanoparticles (NPs), atomically precise metal nanoclusters, carbon QDs, graphene QDs, silicon QDs, and other chalcogenide QDs have been infiltrating the nano-bio interface as imaging and therapeutic agents. Nanobioconjugates prepared from luminescent QDs form a new class of imaging probes for cellular and in vivo imaging with single-molecule, super-resolution, and 3D resolutions. Surface modified and bioconjugated core-only and core-shell QDs of metal chalcogenides (MX; M = Cd/Pb/Hg/Ag, and X = S/Se/Te,), binary metal chalcogenides (MInX2; M = Cu/Ag, and X = S/Se/Te), indium compounds (InAs and InP), metal NPs (Ag, Au, and Pt), pure or mixed precision nanoclusters (Ag, Au, Pt), carbon nanomaterials (graphene QDs, graphene nanosheets, carbon NPs, and nanodiamond), silica NPs, silicon QDs, etc. have become prevalent in biosensing, bioimaging, and phototherapy. While heavy metal-based QDs are limited to in vitro bioanalysis or clinical testing due to their potential metal ion-induced toxicity, carbon (nanodiamond and graphene) and silicon QDs, gold and silica nanoparticles, and metal nanoclusters continue their in vivo voyage towards clinical imaging and therapeutic applications. This review summarizes the synthesis, chemical modifications, optical properties, and bioimaging applications of semiconductor QDs with particular references to metal chalcogenide QDs and bimetallic chalcogenide QDs. Also, this review highlights the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of QD bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeladhara Sobhanan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Center for Adapting Flaws into Features, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Abdulaziz Anas
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kerala 682 018, India.
| | | | - Yuta Takano
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
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Wang Z, Wang H, Lin S, Labib M, Ahmed S, Das J, Angers S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Efficient Delivery of Biological Cargos into Primary Cells by Electrodeposited Nanoneedles via Cell-Cycle-Dependent Endocytosis. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37040490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoneedles are a useful tool for delivering exogenous biomolecules to cells. Although therapeutic applications have been explored, the mechanism regarding how cells interact with nanoneedles remains poorly studied. Here, we present a new approach for the generation of nanoneedles, validated their usefulness in cargo delivery, and studied the underlying genetic modulators during delivery. We fabricated arrays of nanoneedles based on electrodeposition and quantified its efficacy of delivery using fluorescently labeled proteins and siRNAs. Notably, we revealed that our nanoneedles caused the disruption of cell membranes, enhanced the expression of cell-cell junction proteins, and downregulated the expression of transcriptional factors of NFκB pathways. This perturbation trapped most of the cells in G2 phase, in which the cells have the highest endocytosis activities. Taken together, this system provides a new model for the study of interactions between cells and high-aspect-ratio materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Sobhanan J, Anas A, Biju V. Nanomaterials for Fluorescence and Multimodal Bioimaging. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200253. [PMID: 36789795 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugated nanomaterials replace molecular probes in bioanalysis and bioimaging in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticles of silica, metals, semiconductors, polymers, and supramolecular systems, conjugated with contrast agents and drugs for image-guided (MRI, fluorescence, PET, Raman, SPECT, photodynamic, photothermal, and photoacoustic) therapy infiltrate into preclinical and clinical settings. Small bioactive molecules like peptides, proteins, or DNA conjugated to the surfaces of drugs or probes help us to interface them with cells and tissues. Nevertheless, the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of nanodrugs, nanoprobes, and their components become the clinical barriers, underscoring the significance of developing biocompatible next-generation drugs and contrast agents. This account provides state-of-the-art advancements in the preparation and biological applications of bioconjugated nanomaterials and their molecular, cell, and in vivo applications. It focuses on the preparation, bioimaging, and bioanalytical applications of monomodal and multimodal nanoprobes composed of quantum dots, quantum clusters, iron oxide nanoparticles, and a few rare earth metal ion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeladhara Sobhanan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Abdulaziz Anas
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
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5
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Le N, Routh J, Kirk C, Wu Q, Patel R, Keyes C, Kim K. Red CdSe/ZnS QDs' Intracellular Trafficking and Its Impact on Yeast Polarization and Actin Filament. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030484. [PMID: 36766825 PMCID: PMC9914768 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots are nanoparticles (2-10 nm) that emit strong and tunable fluorescence. Quantum dots have been heavily used in high-demand commercialized products, research, and for medical purposes. Emerging concerns have demonstrated the negative impact of quantum dots on living cells; however, the intracellular trafficking of QDs in yeast cells and the effect of this interaction remains unclear. The primary goal of our research is to investigate the trafficking path of red cadmium selenide zinc sulfide quantum dots (CdSe/ZnS QDs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the impact QDs have on yeast cellular dynamics. Using cells with GFP-tagged reference organelle markers and confocal microscopy, we were able to track the internalization of QDs. We found that QDs initially aggregate at the exterior of yeast cells, enter the cell using clathrin-receptor-mediated endocytosis, and distribute at the late Golgi/trans-Golgi network. We also found that the treatment of red CdSe/ZnS QDs resulted in growth rate reduction and loss of polarized growth in yeast cells. Our RNA sequence analysis revealed many altered genes. Particularly, we found an upregulation of DID2, which has previously been associated with cell cycle arrest when overexpressed, and a downregulation of APS2, a gene that codes for a subunit of AP2 protein important for the recruitment of proteins to clathrin-mediated endocytosis vesicle. Furthermore, CdSe/ZnS QDs treatment resulted in a slightly delayed endocytosis and altered the actin dynamics in yeast cells. We found that QDs caused an increased level of F-actin and a significant reduction in profilin protein expression. In addition, there was a significant elevation in the amount of coronin protein expressed, while the level of cofilin was unchanged. Altogether, this suggests that QDs favor the assembly of actin filaments. Overall, this study provides a novel toxicity mechanism of red CdSe/ZnS QDs on yeast actin dynamics and cellular processes, including endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi Le
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Jonathan Routh
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Cameron Kirk
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Qihua Wu
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center, 542 N Boonville, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Rishi Patel
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center, 542 N Boonville, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Chloe Keyes
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center, 542 N Boonville, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
- Correspondence:
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Le N, Zhang M, Kim K. Quantum Dots and Their Interaction with Biological Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810763. [PMID: 36142693 PMCID: PMC9501347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots are nanocrystals with bright and tunable fluorescence. Due to their unique property, quantum dots are sought after for their potential in several applications in biomedical sciences as well as industrial use. However, concerns regarding QDs’ toxicity toward the environment and other biological systems have been rising rapidly in the past decade. In this mini-review, we summarize the most up-to-date details regarding quantum dots’ impacts, as well as QDs’ interaction with mammalian organisms, fungal organisms, and plants at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level. We also provide details about QDs’ cellular uptake and trafficking, and QDs’ general interactions with biological structures. In this mini-review, we aim to provide a better understanding of our current standing in the research of quantum dots, point out some knowledge gaps in the field, and provide hints for potential future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi Le
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-417-836-5440; Fax: +1-417-836-5126
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Hunt NJ, Lockwood GP, Kang SWS, Westwood LJ, Limantoro C, Chrzanowski W, McCourt PAG, Kuncic Z, Le Couteur DG, Cogger VC. Quantum Dot Nanomedicine Formulations Dramatically Improve Pharmacological Properties and Alter Uptake Pathways of Metformin and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Aging Mice. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4710-4727. [PMID: 33626869 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Orally administered Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) rapidly cross the small intestine and are taken up by the liver. Metformin and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) target metabolic and aging processes within the liver. This study examined the pharmacology and toxicology of QD-based nanomedicines as carriers of metformin and NMN in young and old mice, determining if their therapeutic potency and reduced effects associated with aging could be improved. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that QD-conjugated metformin and NMN have greater bioavailability, with selective accumulation in the liver following oral administration compared to unconjugated formulations. Pharmacodynamic data showed that the QD-conjugated medicines had increased physiological, metabolic, and cellular potency compared to unconjugated formulations (25× metformin; 100× NMN) and highlighted a shift in the peak induction of, and greater metabolic response to, glucose tolerance testing. Two weeks of treatment with low-dose QD-NMN (0.8 mg/kg/day) improved glucose tolerance tests in young (3 months) mice, whereas old (18 and 24 months) mice demonstrated improved fasting and fed insulin levels and insulin resistance. High-dose unconjugated NMN (80 mg/kg/day) demonstrated improvements in young mice but not in old mice. After 100 days of QD (320 μg/kg/day) treatment, there was no evidence of cellular necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation, or accumulation. Ag2S QD nanomedicines improved the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of metformin and NMN by increasing their therapeutic potency, bypassing classical cellular uptake pathways, and demonstrated efficacy when drug alone was ineffective in aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hunt
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, Centre for Education & Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Glen P Lockwood
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, Centre for Education & Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sun W S Kang
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, Centre for Education & Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Lara J Westwood
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Christina Limantoro
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A G McCourt
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Zdenka Kuncic
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, Centre for Education & Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, Centre for Education & Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Jing H, Pálmai M, Saed B, George A, Snee PT, Hu YS. Cytosolic delivery of membrane-penetrating QDs into T cell lymphocytes: implications in immunotherapy and drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5519-5529. [PMID: 33688882 PMCID: PMC8029070 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08362c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report single-particle characterization of membrane-penetrating semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in T cell lymphocytes. We functionalized water-soluble CdSe/CdZnS QDs with a cell-penetrating peptide composed of an Asp-Ser-Ser (DSS) repeat sequence. DSS and peptide-free control QDs displayed concentration-dependent internalization. Intensity profiles from single-particle imaging revealed a propensity of DSS-QDs to maintain a monomeric state in the T cell cytosol, whereas control QDs formed pronounced clusters. Single-particle tracking showed a direct correlation between individual QD clusters' mobility and aggregation state. A significant portion of control QDs colocalized with an endosome marker inside the T cells, while the percentage of DSS-QDs colocalized dropped to 9%. Endocytosis inhibition abrogated the internalization of control QDs, while DSS-QD internalization only mildly decreased, suggesting an alternative cell-entry mechanism. Using 3D single-particle tracking, we captured the rapid membrane-penetrating activity of a DSS-QD. The ability to characterize membrane penetrating activities in live T cells creates inroads for the optimization of gene therapy and drug delivery through the use of novel nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jing
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
| | - Marcell Pálmai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
| | - Badeia Saed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
| | - Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7211, USA
| | - Preston T Snee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
| | - Ying S Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
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Tosat-Bitrián C, Palomo V. CdSe quantum dots evaluation in primary cellular models or tissues derived from patients. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 30:102299. [PMID: 32931928 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years quantum dots (QDs) have risen as useful luminescent nanoparticles with multiple applications ranging from laser, image displays and biomedical applications. Here we review and discuss the studies of these nanoparticles in patient derived cellular samples or tissues, including cellular models from iPSCs from patients, biopsied and post-mortem tissue. QD-based multiplexed imaging has been proved to overcome most of the major drawbacks of conventional techniques, exhibiting higher sensitivity, reliability, accuracy and simultaneous labeling of key biomarkers. In this sense, QDs are very promising tools to be further used in clinical applications including diagnosis and therapy approaches. Analyzing the possibilities of these materials in these biological samples gives an overview of the future applications of the nanoparticles in models closer to patients and their specific disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Pacheco-Liñán PJ, Bravo I, Nueda ML, Albaladejo J, Garzón-Ruiz A. Functionalized CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots for Intracellular pH Measurements by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2106-2117. [PMID: 32551511 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
pH is an important biomarker for many human diseases and great efforts are being made to develop new pH probes for bioimaging and biomedical applications. Here, the use of three different CdSe/ZnS QDs, functionalized with d-penicillamine and small peptides, as pH probes for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is investigated. The fluorescence pH sensitivity of the nanoparticles is analyzed in different experimental media: aqueous solution, synthetic intracellular medium, and mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 and tumoral SK-MEL-2 cell lines. Different experiments along with theoretical calculations are conducted to unravel the mechanisms causing pH sensitivity of the nanoparticles and the effect of the length and composition of the peripheral branches on their photophysical properties. Absolute intracellular pH values measured in live cells with FLIM using a fluorescent probe based on a QD are reported here for the first time (intracellular pH values of 7.0 and 7.1 for C3H10T1/2 and SK-MEL-2 cells, respectively). These fluorescent nanoprobes can also be used to distinguish between different types of cells in cocultures on the basis of their different fluorescence lifetimes in dissimilar intracellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Pacheco-Liñán
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina (UCLM-CSIC), C/ Almansa, 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - María L. Nueda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina (UCLM-CSIC), C/ Almansa, 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - José Albaladejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Andrés Garzón-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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11
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Zhao P, Chen B, Li L, Wu H, Li Y, Shaneen B, Zhan X, Gu N. Missing-in-metastasis protein promotes internalization of magnetic nanoparticles via association with clathrin light chain and Rab7. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:502-510. [PMID: 30528490 PMCID: PMC8218922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications. Proper control of the duration of MNPs in circulation promises to improve further their applications, in particularly drug delivery. It is known that the uptake of tissue-associated MNPs is mainly carried out by macrophages. Yet, the molecular mechanism to control MNPs internalization in macrophages remains to be elusive. Missing-in-metastasis (MIM) is a scaffolding protein that is highly expressed in macrophages and regulates receptor-mediated endocytosis. We hypothesize that uptake of MNPs may also involve the function of MIM. METHODS We investigated the effect of MIM expression on the intracellular trafficking of MNPs by transmission electronic microscopy, flow cytometry, o-phenanthroline photometric analysis, Perl's staining, immunofluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. To explore the molecular events in MIM-mediated MNPs uptake, we examined the effect of MNPs on the interaction of MIM with clathrin, Rab5 and Rab7. RESULTS Uptake of MNPs was significantly enhanced in cells overexpressing MIM. Upon exposure to MNPs, MIM was associated with clathrin light chain in endocytic vesicles and Rab7, a protein that regulates late endosomes. However, MNPs caused dissociation of MIM with Rab5, an early endosome-associated protein. CONCLUSIONS MIM regulates internalization of MNPs via promoting their trafficking from plasma membrane to late endosomes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our data unveiled a novel pathway which MNPs internalization and intracellular trafficking in macrophages. This new pathway may allow us to control the uptake of MNPs within cells by targeting MIM, thereby improving their medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Materials Science and Devices Institute, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, PR China
| | - Lushen Li
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Baxter Shaneen
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xi Zhan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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12
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Kapur A, Medina SH, Wang W, Palui G, Ji X, Schneider JP, Mattoussi H. Enhanced Uptake of Luminescent Quantum Dots by Live Cells Mediated by a Membrane-Active Peptide. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17164-17172. [PMID: 30613811 PMCID: PMC6312636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The steady progress made over the past three decades in growing a variety of inorganic nanomaterials, with discreet control over their size and photophysical properties, has been exploited to develop several imaging and sensing applications. However, full integration of these materials into biology has been hampered by the complexity of delivering them into cells. In this report, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a chemically synthesized anticancer peptide to facilitate the rapid delivery of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) into live cells. We combine fluorescence imaging microscopy, flow cytometry, and specific endocytosis inhibition experiments to probe QD-peptide conjugate uptake by different cell lines. We consistently find that a sizable fraction of the internalized conjugates does not co-localize with endosomes or the nuclei. These findings are extremely promising for the potential integration of various nanomaterials into biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Kapur
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Scott H. Medina
- Center
for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 376, Room 104, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Goutam Palui
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Xin Ji
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joel P. Schneider
- Center
for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 376, Room 104, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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13
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Kapur A, Medina SH, Wang W, Palui G, Schneider JP, Mattoussi H. Intracellular Delivery of Gold Nanocolloids Promoted by a Chemically Conjugated Anticancer Peptide. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12754-12762. [PMID: 30411018 PMCID: PMC6210078 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the ability of a chemically synthesized anticancer peptide, SVS-1, to promote the rapid uptake of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by live HeLa cells. For this, AuNPs and AuNRs, surface ligated with a multicoordinating polymer that presents several amine groups per ligand, are simultaneously reacted with SVS-1 and Texas-Red dye; the latter allows fluorescence visualization of the nanocrystals. Using epifluorescence microscopy, we find that incubation of the SVS-1-conjugated AuNPs and AuNRs with a model cancer cell line yields extended staining throughout the cell cytoplasm, even at low conjugate concentrations (∼0.1 nM). Furthermore, uptake is specific to the SVS-1-conjugated nanocrystals. Additional endocytosis inhibition experiments, where cells have been incubated with the conjugates at 4 °C or in the presence of endocytic inhibitors, show that significant levels of conjugate uptake persist. These results combined indicate an uptake mechanism that does not necessarily rely on endocytosis, a promising finding with implications for the use of nanomaterials in the field of biology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Kapur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Scott H Medina
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Goutam Palui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joel P Schneider
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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14
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Ji X, Wang C, Tang M, Guo D, Peng F, Zhong Y, Song B, Su Y, He Y. Biocompatible protamine sulfate@silicon nanoparticle-based gene nanocarriers featuring strong and stable fluorescence. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14455-14463. [PMID: 30022196 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of biocompatible and fluorescent gene carriers is of particular importance in the gene-delivery field. Taking advantage of the unique optical properties (e.g., strong and robust fluorescence) of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), as well as the excellent biocompatibility of silicon and protamine sulfate (PS, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use), we herein present a type of PS-modified SiNP (PS@SiNP)-based gene carrier. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) with negative charges can be effectively bound onto the surface of the as-prepared fluorescent PS@SiNP-based gene carriers via electrostatic interactions. In particular, such resultant gene carriers possess stable and high fluorescence (photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY): ∼25%). In addition, the PS@SiNP-based gene carriers show minimal toxic effects on normal mitochondrial metabolic activity (e.g., human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells preserve ∼90% of their cell viability after a 48 h incubation with the resultant carriers). Based on tracking the strong and stable fluorescence signals of SiNPs, the dynamic behavior of the PS@SiNP-based gene carriers in live cells (e.g., clathrin-mediated endocytosis, lysosomal escape, pDNA release, etc.) is investigated in a long-term manner, providing valuable information for understanding the intracellular behavior of gene vectors and designing high-efficacy gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ji
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biochemical Analysis, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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15
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Deshpande NU, Jayakannan M. Biotin-Tagged Polysaccharide Vesicular Nanocarriers for Receptor-Mediated Anticancer Drug Delivery in Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3572-3585. [PMID: 29906389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-conjugated multistimuli-responsive polysaccharide vesicular nanocarriers are designed and developed, for the first time, to accomplish receptor-mediated endocytosis in cancer cells and to deliver anticancer drugs to intracellular compartments. For this purpose, a new renewable hydrophobic unit was custom designed with redox-degradable disulfide and enzyme-biodegradable aliphatic ester chemical linkages, and it was conjugated along with biotin on the dextran backbone. The dextran derivative self-assembled into nanovesicles of <200 nm in size, which were characterized by dynamic and static light scattering, electron, and atomic force microscopes. Avidin-HABA assay established the high affinity of biotin-tagged dextran vesicles toward membrane-receptors up to 25 nM concentration. Doxorubicin-hydrochloride (DOX.HCl)-loaded dextran vesicles exhibited stable formulation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS). Redox-degradation by glutathione (GSH) showed 60% drug release, whereas lysosomal esterase enzyme enabled >98% drug release in 12 h. Confocal microscope and flow cytometry-assisted time-dependent cellular uptake studies revealed that the biotin-receptors overexpressed in cervical cancer cells (HeLa) exhibited larger drug accumulation through the receptor-assisted endocytosis process. This process enabled the delivery of higher amount of DOX and significantly enhanced the killing in cancer cells (HeLa) compared to wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (WT-MEF, normal cells). Control experiments such as biotin pretreatment in cancer cells and energy-suppressed cellular uptake at 4 °C further supported the occurrence of receptor-mediated endocytosis by the biotin-tagged polymer vesicles. This report provides first insights into the targeted polysaccharide vesicle platform, and the proof-of-concept is successfully demonstrated in biotin receptor-overexpressed cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Umakant Deshpande
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Manickam Jayakannan
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , Maharashtra , India
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16
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Liu L, Xiao YY, Ji YH, Liu MZ, Chen Y, Zeng YL, Zhang YG, Jin L. CuInS 2/ZnS QD exposure induces developmental toxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) embryos and larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 198:19-27. [PMID: 28476649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) embryos were used as an experimental model to investigate the effects of CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) on the early life stages of G. rarus. Normal developmental parameters (survival rate, body length and average heart rate), biomarker genes [stress response (Hsp70), detoxification (Cyp1a), organizer function and axis formation (Wnt8α), and muscle (Mstn)], enzymatic activity and DNA damage were recorded as endpoints in the developing embryos/larvae after exposure until 96h post-fertilization (hpf). Reduced survival rate, decreased heart rate, altered body length, increased malformation rate, decreased hatching rate, advanced hatching time in response to low concentrations (50 and 100nmol/L) and delayed hatching time in response to high concentrations were observed after exposure, as were many other toxic effects, including pericardial edema and bent tails. The 72 hpf LC50 (median lethal concentration) was determined to be 624.364nmol/L. Treatment with certain concentrations of CuInS2/ZnS QDs significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and significantly induced DNA damage. After treatment with CuInS2/ZnS QDs, the embryos showed highly up-regulated expression of Hsp70, Cyp1a and Wnt8a and significantly up-regulated expression of Mstn at 12 hpf. Overall, this study indicates that CuInS2/ZnS QDs are potentially toxic to G. rarus embryos. The information presented in this study will be helpful for fully understanding the toxicity induced by CuInS2/ZnS QDs in fish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu-Lian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yao-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China.
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17
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Safi M, Domitrovic T, Kapur A, Zhan N, Aldeek F, Johnson JE, Mattoussi H. Intracellular Delivery of Luminescent Quantum Dots Mediated by a Virus-Derived Lytic Peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:64-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malak Safi
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan
Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Tatiana Domitrovic
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of
Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, MB31, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | - Naiqian Zhan
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan
Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Fadi Aldeek
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan
Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - John E. Johnson
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of
Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, MB31, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan
Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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18
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Oh E, Liu R, Nel A, Gemill KB, Bilal M, Cohen Y, Medintz IL. Meta-analysis of cellular toxicity for cadmium-containing quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:479-86. [PMID: 26925827 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationships between the physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials and their toxicity is critical for environmental and health risk analysis. However, this task is confounded by material diversity, heterogeneity of published data and limited sampling within individual studies. Here, we present an approach for analysing and extracting pertinent knowledge from published studies focusing on the cellular toxicity of cadmium-containing semiconductor quantum dots. From 307 publications, we obtain 1,741 cell viability-related data samples, each with 24 qualitative and quantitative attributes describing the material properties and experimental conditions. Using random forest regression models to analyse the data, we show that toxicity is closely correlated with quantum dot surface properties (including shell, ligand and surface modifications), diameter, assay type and exposure time. Our approach of integrating quantitative and categorical data provides a roadmap for interrogating the wide-ranging toxicity data in the literature and suggests that meta-analysis can help develop methods for predicting the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, Washington DC 20375, USA
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Columbia, Maryland 21046, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1496, USA
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
| | - Andre Nel
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Kelly Boeneman Gemill
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, SW Washington, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
| | - Yoram Cohen
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1496, USA
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1592, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, SW Washington, Washington DC 20375, USA
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19
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Pati R, Sahu R, Panda J, Sonawane A. Encapsulation of zinc-rifampicin complex into transferrin-conjugated silver quantum-dots improves its antimycobacterial activity and stability and facilitates drug delivery into macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24184. [PMID: 27113139 PMCID: PMC4845008 DOI: 10.1038/srep24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, there is an urgent need to enhance the efficacy of existing agents and also to develop more efficient drug delivery systems. Here, we synthesized a novel anti-TB drug complex consisting of zinc and rifampicin (Zn-RIF), and encapsulated it into transferrin-conjugated silver quantum-dots (Zn-RIF-Tf-QD) to improve delivery in macrophages. Successful synthesis of Zn-RIF and Zn-RIF-Tf-QD was confirmed by UV/Vis-spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR, photoluminescence, XRD, XPS, and NMR. The sizes of silver QDs and transferrin-conjugated QDs were found to be in the range of 5-20 nm. Activity assays showed that Zn-RIF-Tf-QD exhibited 10-fold higher antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis-BCG as compared to Zn-RIF, RIF and Zn. Immunofluorescence studies showed that Zn-RIF-Tf-QD-conjugates were actively endocytosed by macrophages and dendritic cells, but not by lung epithelial cells. Treatment with Zn-RIF-Tf-QD efficiently killed mycobacteria residing inside macrophages without exhibiting cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Moreover, the conjugates remained stable for upto 48 h, were taken up into the late endosomal compartment of macrophages, and released the drug in a sustainable manner. Our data demonstrate that Zn-RIF-Tf-QDs have a great potential as anti-TB drugs. In addition, transferrin-conjugated QDs may constitute an effective drug delivery system for tuberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmirekha Pati
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751024, India
| | - Rojalin Sahu
- School of Applied Sciences, Campus-3, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751024, India
| | - Jagannath Panda
- School of Applied Sciences, Campus-3, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751024, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751024, India
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20
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Arshad E, Anas A, Asok A, Jasmin C, Pai SS, Bright Singh IS, Mohandas A, Biju V. Fluorescence detection of the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi in solution and animal cells using semiconductor quantum dots. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24161h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible binding of luminescent quantum dots to microbial cell surface enables easy detection of pathogens and validation of microbial infection pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Arshad
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
| | - Abdulaziz Anas
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
- Regional Centre Cochin
- Kochi 682 018
- India
| | - Aparna Asok
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
| | - C. Jasmin
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
- Regional Centre Cochin
- Kochi 682 018
- India
| | - Somnath S. Pai
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology
- Amity University
- Noida
- India
| | - I. S. Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
| | - A. Mohandas
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
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21
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Ostrovska L, Broz A, Fucikova A, Belinova T, Sugimoto H, Kanno T, Fujii M, Valenta J, Kalbacova MH. The impact of doped silicon quantum dots on human osteoblasts. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of red/infrared fluorescent (B, P co-doped) Si quantum dots with biological environment (medium and cells) is sensitive to the presence of fetal bovine serum, to the particle size and surface potential and influenced by particle ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Ostrovska
- Biomedical Center
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen
- Charles University in Prague
- Pilsen
- Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Broz
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders
- 1st Faculty of Medicine
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Anna Fucikova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Belinova
- Department of the Cell Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe
- Japan
| | - Takashi Kanno
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe
- Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe
- Japan
| | - Jan Valenta
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Marie Hubalek Kalbacova
- Biomedical Center
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen
- Charles University in Prague
- Pilsen
- Czech Republic
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22
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Rowland CE, Brown CW, Medintz IL, Delehanty JB. Intracellular FRET-based probes: a review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:042006. [PMID: 29148511 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/042006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Probes that exploit Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in their feedback mechanism are touted for their sensitivity, robustness, and low background, and thanks to the exceptional distance dependence of the energy transfer process, they provide a means of probing lengthscales well below the resolution of light. These attributes make FRET-based probes superbly suited to an intracellular environment, and recent developments in biofunctionalization and expansion of imaging capabilities have put them at the forefront of intracellular studies. Here, we present an overview of the engineering and execution of a variety of recent intracellular FRET probes, highlighting the diversity of this class of materials and the breadth of application they have found in the intracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Rowland
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA. National Research Council, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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23
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Chakraborty A, Jana NR. Clathrin to Lipid Raft-Endocytosis via Controlled Surface Chemistry and Efficient Perinuclear Targeting of Nanoparticle. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3688-97. [PMID: 26722743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle interacts with live cells depending on their surface chemistry, enters into cell via endocytosis, and is commonly trafficked to an endosome/lysozome that restricts subcellular targeting options. Here we show that nanoparticle surface chemistry can be tuned to alter their cell uptake mechanism and subcellular trafficking. Quantum dot based nanoprobes of 20-30 nm hydrodynamic diameters have been synthesized with tunable surface charge (between +15 mV to -25 mV) and lipophilicity to influence their cellular uptake processes and subcellular trafficking. It is observed that cationic nanoprobe electrostatically interacts with cell membrane and enters into cell via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. At lower surface charge (between +10 mV to -10 mV), the electrostatic interaction with cell membrane becomes weaker, and additional lipid raft endocytosis is initiated. If a lipophilic functional group is introduced on a weakly anionic nanoparticle surface, the uptake mechanism shifts to predominant lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. In particular, the zwitterionic-lipophilic nanoprobe has the unique advantage as it weakly interacts with anionic cell membrane, migrates toward lipid rafts for interaction through lipophilic functional group, and induces lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. While predominate or partial clathrin-mediated entry traffics most of the nanoprobes to lysozome, predominate lipid raft-mediated entry traffics them to perinuclear region, particularly to the Golgi apparatus. This finding would guide in designing appropriate nanoprobe for subcellular targeting and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Chakraborty
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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24
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Recent advances in chemical functionalization of nanoparticles with biomolecules for analytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8627-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Martynenko IV, Kuznetsova VA, Orlova АO, Kanaev PA, Maslov VG, Loudon A, Zaharov V, Parfenov P, Gun'ko YK, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV. Chlorin e6-ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots based system as reagent for photodynamic therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:055102. [PMID: 25586592 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/5/055102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Stable water-soluble complexes of Cd-free ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and chlorin e6 complexes have been prepared. These complexes have shown approximately 50% intracomplex fluorescence resonance energy transfer from QDs to chlorin e6. The photodynamic therapy (PDT) test of the complexes against the Erlich acsite carcinoma cell culture demonstrated a two-fold enhancement of the cancer cell photodynamic destruction as compared to that of free chlorin e6 molecules. It was shown that the PDT effect was significantly increased due to two factors: the efficient QD-chlorin e6 photoexcitation energy transfer and the improvement of cellular uptake of the photosensitizer in the presence of ZnSe/ZnS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Martynenko
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., St-Petersburg 197101, Russia
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Sajimol Augustine M, Anas A, Das AV, Sreekanth S, Jayalekshmi S. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of ZnS:Mn nanocrystals biofunctionalized with chitosan and aminoacids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt B:327-33. [PMID: 25448936 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Highly luminescent, manganese doped, zinc sulphide (ZnS:Mn) nanocrystals biofunctionalized with chitosan and various aminoacids such as L-citrulline, L-lysine, L-arginine, L-serine, L-histidine and glycine were synthesized by chemical capping co-precipitation method at room temperature, which is a simple and cost effective technique. The synthesized nanocrystals were structurally characterized by TEM, XRD, EDXS and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques. They possess high colloidal stability with strong orange red photoluminescence emission at 598 nm. The intensity of orange red emission has been observed to be maximum in L-citrulline capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystals in which the emission at 420 nm is effectively quenched by surface passivation due to capping. Taking into consideration the prospects of these highly luminescent, bio-compatible ZnS:Mn nanocrystals in bio-imaging applications, cytotoxicity studies were conducted to identify the capping combination which would accomplish minimum toxic effects. ZnS:Mn nanocrystals biofunctionalized with chitosan, L-citrulline, glycine, L-artginine, L-serine and L-histidine showed least toxicity up to 10 nM concentrations in mouse fibroblast L929 cells, which further confirms their cytocompatibility. Also the ZnS:Mn nanocrystals biofunctionalized with l-arginine showed maximum uptake in in vitro studies carried out in human embryonic kidney cells, HEK-293T, which shows the significant role of this particular amino acid in fetoplacental nutrition. The present study highlights the suitability of aminoacid conjugated ZnS:Mn nanocrystals, as promising candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulaziz Anas
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin 682 018, India
| | - Ani V Das
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Sreekanth
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Jayalekshmi
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, Kerala, India.
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Wegner KD, Hildebrandt N. Quantum dots: bright and versatile in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging biosensors. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4792-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00532e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Colourful cells and tissues: semiconductor quantum dots and their versatile applications in multiplexed bioimaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. David Wegner
- NanoBioPhotonics
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
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Sheng R, An F, Wang Z, Li M, Cao A. Assembly of plasmid DNA with pyrene-amines cationic amphiphiles into nanoparticles and their visible lysosome localization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06879c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we constructed a visible model for drug/gene dual delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Feifei An
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Amin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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Capsaicin modulates acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:211-9. [PMID: 25446918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are non-selective cation channel proteins that are expressed throughout the body. Previous studies demonstrated the expression of TRP Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), capsaicin (CAP) receptor, in sensory neurons. Recently, we reported TRPV1 expression in mouse motor nerve terminals [MNTs; (Thyagarajan et al., 2009)], where we observed that CAP protected MNTs from botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A). Phrenic nerve diaphragm nerve muscle preparations (NMP) isolated from isoflurane anesthetized adult mice were analyzed for twitch tension, spontaneous (mEPCs) and nerve stimulus evoked (EPCs) acetylcholine release. When acutely applied to isolated NMP, CAP produced a concentration-dependent decline of twitch tension and produced a significant decline in the amplitude of EPCs and quantal content without any effect on the mEPCs. The suppression of nerve stimulus evoked acetylcholine release by CAP was antagonized by capsazepine (CPZ), a TRPV1 antagonist. CAP did not suppress phrenic nerve stimulus evoked acetylcholine release in TRPV1 knockout mice. Also, CAP treatment, in vitro, interfered with the localization of adapter protein 2 in cholinergic Neuro 2a cells. Wortmannin, (WMN; non-selective phosphoinositol kinase inhibitor), mimicked the effects of CAP by inhibiting the acetylcholine exocytosis. Our data suggest that TRPV1 proteins expressed at the MNT are coupled to the exo-endocytic mechanisms to regulate neuromuscular functions.
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Yang J, Yao MH, Wen L, Song JT, Zhang MZ, Zhao YD, Liu B. Multifunctional quantum dot-polypeptide hybrid nanogel for targeted imaging and drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:11282-11292. [PMID: 25130175 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new type of multifunctional quantum dot (QD)-polypeptide hybrid nanogel with targeted imaging and drug delivery properties has been developed by metal-affinity driven self-assembly between artificial polypeptides and CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs. On the surface of QDs, a tunable sandwich-like microstructure consisting of two hydrophobic layers and one hydrophilic layer between them was verified by capillary electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering measurements. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs can be simultaneously loaded in a QD-polypeptide nanogel. In vitro drug release of drug-loaded QD-polypeptide nanogels varies strongly with temperature, pH, and competitors. A drug-loaded QD-polypeptide nanogel with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif exhibited efficient receptor-mediated endocytosis in αvβ3 overexpressing HeLa cells but not in the control MCF-7 cells as analyzed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. In contrast, non-targeted QD-polypeptide nanogels revealed minimal binding and uptake in HeLa cells. Compared with the original QDs, the QD-polypeptide nanogels showed lower in vitro cytotoxicity for both HeLa cells and NIH 3T3 cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the targeted QD-polypeptide nanogel was lower for normal NIH 3T3 cells than that for HeLa cancer cells. These results demonstrate that the integration of imaging and drug delivery functions in a single QD-polypeptide nanogel has the potential for application in cancer diagnosis, imaging, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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Suresh D, Zambre A, Chanda N, Hoffman TJ, Smith CJ, Robertson JD, Kannan R. Bombesin peptide conjugated gold nanocages internalize via clathrin mediated endocytosis. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1565-79. [PMID: 25020251 DOI: 10.1021/bc500295s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The nature of interaction and mechanism of internalization of receptor-avid peptide nanoparticles with cells is not yet completely understood. This article describes the cellular internalization mechanism and intracellular trafficking of peptide conjugated receptor targeted porous Gold nanocages (AuNCs) in cancer cells. We synthesized and characterized a library of AuNCs conjugated with bombesin (BBN) peptide. Evidence of selective affinity of AuNC-BBN toward gastrin releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) was obtained using radiolabeled competitive cell binding assay. Endocytic mechanism was investigated using cell inhibitor studies and monitored using optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results show AuNC-BBN uptake in PC3 cells is mediated by clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME). Indeed, in the presence of CME inhibitors, AuNC-BBN uptake in cells is reduced up to 84%. TEM images further confirm CME characteristic clathrin coated pits and lysosomal release of AuNCs. These results demonstrate that peptide ligands conjugated to the surface of nanoparticles maintain their target specificity. This bolsters the case for peptide robustness and its persisting functionality in intracellular vehicular delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Suresh
- Departments of †Bioengineering, ‡Radiology, ¥Medicine and §Chemistry, ⊥University of Missouri Research Reactor, and #International Center for Nano/Micro Systems and Nanotechnology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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32
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Mortimer M, Kahru A, Slaveykova VI. Uptake, localization and clearance of quantum dots in ciliated protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 190:58-64. [PMID: 24727587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Protozoa as phagocytizing cells have been shown to integrate engineered nanoparticles (NPs), while the mechanism, dynamics and extent of such uptake are unclear. Here our fluorescence microscopy data showed that CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with primary size of 12 nm were readily phagocytized into the food vacuoles of Tetrahymena thermophila in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Twenty hours after the exposure to QDs in sublethal concentration the clearance of the QDs from the cells was incomplete suggesting that phagocytosis of QDs into food vacuoles was not the only pathway of uptake by T. thermophila. This was further proven by the results that the inhibition of phagocytosis did not block the internalization of QDs into protozoans. This study provides a new insight into uptake and cellular trafficking of subtoxic concentrations of nanoparticles that may, due to prolonged retention times in the cells, pose risks by potentially becoming available to higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mortimer
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institute F.-A. Forel, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 10 route de Suisse, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institute F.-A. Forel, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 10 route de Suisse, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
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Shibu ES, Hamada M, Nakanishi S, Wakida SI, Biju V. Photoluminescence of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots: Modifications for making the invisible visible at ensemble and single-molecule levels. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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34
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Zhao MX, Li Y, Zeng EZ, Wang CJ. The application of CdSe quantum dots with multicolor emission as fluorescent probes for cell labeling. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1349-55. [PMID: 24616373 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, highly luminescent CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with emissions from the blue to the red region of visible light were synthesized by using a simple method. The emission range of the CdSe QDs could be tuned from λ=503 to 606 nm by controlling the size of the CdSe QDs. Two amino acids, L-tryptophan (L-Trp) and L-arginine (L-Arg), were used as coating agents. The quantum yield (QY) of CdSe QDs (green color) with an optimized thickness could reach up to 52 %. The structures and compositions of QDs were examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Optical properties were studied by using UV/Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and a comparison was made between uncoated and coated CdSe QDs. The amino acid-modified β-cyclodextrin (CD)-coated CdSe QDs presented lower cytotoxicity to cells for 48 h. Furthermore, amino acid-modified β-CD-coated green CdSe QDs in HepG2 cells were assessed by using confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that amino acid-modified β-CD-coated green CdSe QDs could enter tumor cells efficiently and indicated that biomolecule-coated QDs could be used as a potential fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China), Fax: (+86) 371-22864665.
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35
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Mimicking cellular transport mechanism in stem cells through endosomal escape of new peptide-coated quantum dots. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2184. [PMID: 23851637 PMCID: PMC3711047 DOI: 10.1038/srep02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein transport is an important phenomenon in biological systems. Proteins are transported via several mechanisms to reach their destined compartment of cell for its complete function. One such mechanism is the microtubule mediated protein transport. Up to now, there are no reports on synthetic systems mimicking the biological protein transport mechanism. Here we report a highly efficient method of mimicking the microtubule mediated protein transport using newly designed biotinylated peptides encompassing a microtubule-associated sequence (MTAS) and a nuclear localization signaling (NLS) sequence, and their final conjugation with streptavidin-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). Our results demonstrate that these novel bio-conjugated QDs enhance the endosomal escape and promote targeted delivery into the nucleus of human mesenchymal stem cells via microtubules. Mimicking the cellular transport mechanism in stem cells is highly desirable for diagnostics, targeting and therapeutic applications, opening up new avenues in the area of drug delivery.
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36
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Chen L, Han H. Recent advances in the use of near-infrared quantum dots as optical probes for bioanalytical, imaging and solar cell application. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Zhang MZ, Yu Y, Yu RN, Wan M, Zhang RY, Zhao YD. Tracking the down-regulation of folate receptor-α in cancer cells through target specific delivery of quantum dots coupled with antisense oligonucleotide and targeted peptide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:4183-4193. [PMID: 23828664 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on the multivalent binding capability of streptavidin (SA) to biotin, a multifunctional quantum dot probe (QD-(AS-ODN+p160)) coupled with antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) and peptide p160 is designed for real-time tracking of targeted delivery of AS-ODN and regulation of folate receptor-α (hFR-α) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Fluorescence spectra, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) are used to characterize the conjugation of AS-ODN and p160 with quantum dots (QDs), DLS results confirm the well stability of the probe in aqueous media. Confocal imaging and quantitative flow cytometry show that QD-(AS-ODN+p160) is able to specifically target human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Low temperature and ATP depletion treatments reveal the cellular uptake of QD-(AS-ODN+p160) is energy-dependent, and the effects of inhibition agents and co-localization imaging further confirm the endocytic pathway is mainly receptor-mediated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows the intracellular delivery and endosomal escape of QD probe along with incubation time extended. Two transfection concentrations of QD probe (10 nM and 50 nM) below half inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) value are chosen according to MTT assay. Real-time PCR shows at these two concentration cases the relative mRNA expression levels of hFR-α reduce to 72.5 ± 3.9% and 17.6 ± 1.0%, respectively. However, western blot and quantitative ELISA analysis show the expression level of hFR-α protein has a significant decrease only at 50 nM, indicating that gene silence is concentration-dependent. These results demonstrate that the QD-(AS-ODN+p160) probe not only achieves gene silence in a cell-specific manner but also achieves real-time tracking during AS-ODN intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhen Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei, Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074, PR China
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Shibu ES, Ono K, Sugino S, Nishioka A, Yasuda A, Shigeri Y, Wakida SI, Sawada M, Biju V. Photouncaging nanoparticles for MRI and fluorescence imaging in vitro and in vivo. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9851-9859. [PMID: 24083410 DOI: 10.1021/nn4043699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal and multifunctional nanomaterials are promising candidates for bioimaging and therapeutic applications in the nanomedicine settings. Here we report the preparation of photouncaging nanoparticles with fluorescence and magnetic modalities and evaluation of their potentials for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Photoactivation of such bimodal nanoparticles prepared using photouncaging ligands, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles results in the systematic uncaging of the particles, which is correlated with continuous changes in the absorption, mass and NMR spectra of the ligands. Fluorescence and magnetic components of the bimodal nanoparticles are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and elemental analyses using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Bioconjugation of the nanoparticles with peptide hormones renders them with biocompatibility and efficient intracellular transport as seen in the fluorescence and MRI images of mouse melanoma cells (B16) or human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells (H1650). Biocompatibility of the nanoparticles is evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assays, which show cell viability over 90%. Further, we combine MRI and NIR fluorescence imaging in C57BL/6 (B6) mice subcutaneously or intravenously injected with the photouncaging nanoparticles and follow the in vivo fate of the nanoparticles. Interestingly, the intravenously injected nanoparticles initially accumulate in the liver within 30 min post injection and subsequently clear by the renal excretion within 48 h as seen in the time-dependent MRI and fluorescence images of the liver, urinary bladder, and urine samples. Photouncaging ligands such as the ones reported in this article are promising candidates for not only the site-specific delivery of nanomaterials-based contrast agents and drugs but also the systematic uncaging and renal clearance of nanomaterials after the desired in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edakkattuparambil S Shibu
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
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Jones P, Sugino S, Yamamura S, Lacy F, Biju V. Impairments of cells and genomic DNA by environmentally transformed engineered nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9511-9516. [PMID: 23868511 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03118g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Enormous increase in the production of nanomaterials and their growing applications in the device technology, biotechnology and biomedical areas suggest the need for developing models for predicting the environmental health and safety (EHS) risks posed by such nanomaterials. We hypothesize that CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) encompassed in liposomes or not and transformed by simulated solar UV light can be model systems for studying the environmental toxicity of engineered nanomaterials. In this study, human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells (H1650) are exposed to photoirradiated CdSe QDs or ZnO nanopowder included or not in liposomes. The release of cadmium and zinc ions from the nanomaterials exposed to solar simulated UV radiation is detected and quantified by measuring the steady-state and time resolved fluorescence of the metal ion sensor tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin (TCPP) or the commercial Measure iT Pd/Cd sensor. Viability of cells treated with nanomaterials exposed to solar simulated UV radiation for different durations is measured by MTT assay. Enhanced etching of the nanoparticles exposed to solar simulated UV radiation results in the release of toxic levels of heavy metal ions, which considerably lower the viability of H1650 cells is due to the deactivation of DNA repair enzymes as evidenced by the pinching off of nuclear DNA in comet assays and DNA samples in electrophoresis. Results from this study highlight the need to obtain not only quantitative information about the environmental risks posed by engineered nanomaterials but also environment friendly nanomaterials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Jones
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-Cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
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Wang Y, Miao AJ, Luo J, Wei ZB, Zhu JJ, Yang LY. Bioaccumulation of CdTe quantum dots in a freshwater alga Ochromonas danica: a kinetics study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10601-10610. [PMID: 23944993 DOI: 10.1021/es4017188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation kinetics of thioglycolic acid stabilized CdTe quantum dots (TGA-CdTe-QDs) in a freshwater alga Ochromonas danica was comprehensively investigated. Their photoluminescence (PL) was determined by flow cytometry. Its cellular intensity increased hyperbolically with exposure time suggesting real internalization of TGA-CdTe-QDs. This hypothesis was evidenced by the nanoparticle uptake experiment with heat-killed or cold-treated cells and by their localization in the vacuoles. TGA-CdTe-QD accumulation could further be well simulated by a biokinetic model used previously for conventional pollutants. Moreover, macropinocytosis was the main route for their internalization. As limited by their diffusion from the bulk medium to the cell surface, TGA-CdTe-QD uptake rate increased proportionally with their ambient concentration. Quick elimination in the PL of cellular TGA-CdTe-QDs was also observed. Such diminishment resulted mainly from their surface modification by vacuolar biomolecules, considering that these nanoparticles remained mostly undissolved and their expulsion out of the cells was slow. Despite the significant uptake of TGA-CdTe-QDs, they had no direct acute effects on O. danica. Overall, the above research shed new light on nanoparticle bioaccumulation study and would further improve our understanding about their environmental behavior, effects and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210046, China
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41
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Probst CE, Zrazhevskiy P, Bagalkot V, Gao X. Quantum dots as a platform for nanoparticle drug delivery vehicle design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:703-18. [PMID: 23000745 PMCID: PMC3541463 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery (NDD) has emerged as a promising approach to improving upon the efficacy of existing drugs and enabling the development of new therapies. Proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the potential for NDD systems to simultaneously achieve reduced drug toxicity, improved bio-availability, increased circulation times, controlled drug release, and targeting. However, clinical translation of NDD vehicles with the goal of treating particularly challenging diseases, such as cancer, will require a thorough understanding of how nanoparticle properties influence their fate in biological systems, especially in vivo. Consequently, a model system for systematic evaluation of all stages of NDD with high sensitivity, high resolution, and low cost is highly desirable. In theory, this system should maintain the properties and behavior of the original NDD vehicle, while providing mechanisms for monitoring intracellular and systemic nanocarrier distribution, degradation, drug release, and clearance. For such a model system, quantum dots (QDots) offer great potential. QDots feature small size and versatile surface chemistry, allowing their incorporation within virtually any NDD vehicle with minimal effect on overall characteristics, and offer superb optical properties for real-time monitoring of NDD vehicle transport and drug release at both cellular and systemic levels. Though the direct use of QDots for drug delivery remains questionable due to their potential long-term toxicity, the QDot core can be easily replaced with other organic drug carriers or more biocompatible inorganic contrast agents (such as gold and magnetic nanoparticles) by their similar size and surface properties, facilitating translation of well characterized NDD vehicles to the clinic, maintaining NDD imaging capabilities, and potentially providing additional therapeutic functionalities such as photothermal therapy and magneto-transfection. In this review we outline unique features that make QDots an ideal platform for nanocarrier design and discuss how this model has been applied to study NDD vehicle behavior for diverse drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vaishali Bagalkot
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Vranic S, Boggetto N, Contremoulins V, Mornet S, Reinhardt N, Marano F, Baeza-Squiban A, Boland S. Deciphering the mechanisms of cellular uptake of engineered nanoparticles by accurate evaluation of internalization using imaging flow cytometry. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:2. [PMID: 23388071 PMCID: PMC3599262 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) by cells remains to be better characterized in order to understand the mechanisms of potential NP toxicity as well as for a reliable risk assessment. Real NP uptake is still difficult to evaluate because of the adsorption of NPs on the cellular surface. Results Here we used two approaches to distinguish adsorbed fluorescently labeled NPs from the internalized ones. The extracellular fluorescence was either quenched by Trypan Blue or the uptake was analyzed using imaging flow cytometry. We used this novel technique to define the inside of the cell to accurately study the uptake of fluorescently labeled (SiO2) and even non fluorescent but light diffracting NPs (TiO2). Time course, dose-dependence as well as the influence of surface charges on the uptake were shown in the pulmonary epithelial cell line NCI-H292. By setting up an integrative approach combining these flow cytometric analyses with confocal microscopy we deciphered the endocytic pathway involved in SiO2 NP uptake. Functional studies using energy depletion, pharmacological inhibitors, siRNA-clathrin heavy chain induced gene silencing and colocalization of NPs with proteins specific for different endocytic vesicles allowed us to determine macropinocytosis as the internalization pathway for SiO2 NPs in NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion The integrative approach we propose here using the innovative imaging flow cytometry combined with confocal microscopy could be used to identify the physico-chemical characteristics of NPs involved in their uptake in view to redesign safe NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vranic
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Responses to Xenobiotics, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA) EAC CNRS 4413, 5 rue Thomas Mann, Paris 75 013, France.
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Sun M, Yang L, Jose P, Wang L, Zweit J. Functionalization of quantum dots with multidentate zwitterionic ligands: impact on cellular interactions and cytotoxicity. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:6137-6146. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20894j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Han X, Lai L, Tian F, Jiang FL, Xiao Q, Li Y, Yu Q, Li D, Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhu B, Li R, Liu Y. Toxicity of CdTe quantum dots on yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2680-2689. [PMID: 22674770 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Along with the widespread development of their bioapplications, concerns about the biosafety of quantum dots (QDs) have increasingly attracted intensive attention. This study examines the toxic effect and subcellular location of cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs with different sizes against yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The innovative approach is based on the combination of microcalorimetric, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and microscopic methods, which allows analysis of the toxic effect of CdTe QDs on S. cerevisiae and its mechanism. According to the values of the half inhibitory concentration (IC(50)), CdTe QDs exhibit marked cytotoxicity in yeast cells at concentrations as low as 80.81 nmol L(-1) for green-emitting CdTe QDs and 17.07 nmol L(-1) for orange-emitting CdTe QDs. QD-induced cell death is characterized by cell wall breakage and cytoplasm blebbing. These findings suggest that QDs with sizes ranging from 4.1 to 5.8 nm can be internalized into yeast cells, which then leads to QD-induced cytotoxicity. These studies provide valuable information for the design and development of aqueous QDs for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China
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45
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Real time observation and kinetic modeling of the cellular uptake and removal of silicon quantum dots. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4639-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Biju V, Anas A, Akita H, Shibu ES, Itoh T, Harashima H, Ishikawa M. FRET from quantum dots to photodecompose undesired acceptors and report the condensation and decondensation of plasmid DNA. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3776-3788. [PMID: 22468986 DOI: 10.1021/nn2048608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protection of genes against enzymatic degradation and overcoming of cellular barriers are critical for efficient gene delivery. The effectiveness of gene delivery by nonviral vectors depends mostly on the extent of DNA packaging or condensation. We show that Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-mediated photodecomposition of undesired acceptors in doubly labeled plasmid DNA (pDNA) and FRET recovery after acceptor photodecomposition (FRET-RAP) are effective methods for the detection of DNA condensation and decondensation. Our hypothesis is that undesired acceptors within the Förster distance of highly-photostable donors in precondensed DNA can be selectively photodecomposed by FRET. We investigate this hypothesis by the random labeling of pcDNA3.1-GL3 and pUC18DNA with quantum dots (QDs) as the energy donor and AlexaFluor594 or Cy5 as the acceptor. At first, the random labeling generates efficient FRET, also called intrinsic FRET, in precondensed DNA, which prevents us from decoding any changes in the FRET efficiency during DNA condensation. Next, we suppressed the intrinsic FRET by the FRET-mediated photodecomposition of acceptors within the Förster distance of QDs. Conversely, many acceptors kept intact beyond the Förster distance provide us with high FRET efficiency during the condensation of pDNA using protamine. Further, the FRET efficiency is significantly decreased during the decondensation of DNA using heparan sulfate and glutathione. The random labeling of DNA using excess acceptors around photostable donors followed by the FRET-mediated photodecomposition of undesired acceptors can be a promising method for not only the sensitive detection of DNA condensation by FRET but also the customization of biomolecular sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
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Jin Z, Hildebrandt N. Semiconductor quantum dots for in vitro diagnostics and cellular imaging. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:394-403. [PMID: 22608980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The need for companion diagnostics, point-of-care testing (POCT) and high-throughput screening in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine has pushed the need for more biological information from a single sample at extremely low concentrations and volumes. Optical biosensors based on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can answer these requirements because their unique photophysical properties are ideally suited for highly sensitive multiplexed detection. Many different biological systems have been successfully scrutinized with a large variety of QDs over the past decade but their future as widely applied commercial biosensors is still open. In this review, we highlight recent in vitro diagnostic and cellular imaging applications of QDs and discuss milestones and obstacles on their way toward integration into real-life diagnostic and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Jin
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Orsay, France
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Schumann C, Schübbe S, Cavelius C, Kraegeloh A. A correlative approach at characterizing nanoparticle mobility and interactions after cellular uptake. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:117-27. [PMID: 21987351 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of nanoparticles with human cells are of large interest in the context of nanomaterial safety. Here, we use live cell imaging and image-based fluorescence correlation methods to determine colocalization of 88 nm and 32 nm silica nanoparticles with endocytotic vesicles derived from the cytoplasmic membrane and lysosomes, as well as to quantify intracellular mobility of internalized particles, in contrast to particle number quantification by counting techniques. In our study, A549 cells are used as a model for human type II alveolar epithelial cells. We present data supporting endocytotic uptake of the particles and subsequent active transport to the perinuclear region. The presence of particles in lamellar bodies is proposed as a potential exocytosis route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schumann
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Nano Cell Interactions Group, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Design and Engineering of Multifunctional Quantum Dot-Based Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Therapeutic-Diagnostic Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2305-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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50
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Zhao MX, Ji LN, Mao ZW. β-Cyclodextrin/glycyrrhizic acid functionalised quantum dots selectively enter hepatic cells and induce apoptosis. Chemistry 2012; 18:1650-8. [PMID: 22213427 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of active components from important medical herbs has proved effective in treating various cancers. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is one of the many interesting triterpenoic acids with anticancerogenic potential, and is known to trigger apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells. In this study we combined quantum dots (QDs) with GA in the presence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and prepared β-CD/GA-functionalised QDs, which led to improved antitumor activity and induced apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells. These compounds showed a better selectivity for hepatic cells compared to HeLa and ECV-304 cells. Hoechst and annexin V-FITC staining and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) experiments proved an apoptotic effect of these compounds on HepG2 cells. At the same time, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed obvious features of apoptosis, for example, irregularities of nuclear shapes, mitochondria swelling, clumping and peripheral chromatin condensation, zeiosis or blebbing of the plasma membrane and formation of apoptotic bodies. It is notable that β-CD/GA-functionalised QDs showed effective cell growth inhibition by triggering G0/G1 phase arrest and inducing apoptosis through an reactive oxygen species mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. β-CD/GA-functionalised QDs primarily induced apoptotic response in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but little apoptosis appeared with L-Cys-β-CD-functionalised QDs or GA alone. These studies suggest that β-CD/GA-functionalised QDs have therapeutic potential against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xia Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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