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Yang H, Zhao Y, Ren B, Wu Y, Qiu Z, Cheng Y, Qiu B. Poria acid inhibit the growth and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting the PI3K/akt/NF-κb signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31106. [PMID: 38779018 PMCID: PMC11109894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Poria acid (PAC) is a triterpene compound found in Poria cocos, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The current study aims to explore the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of PAC on the migration and proliferation of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells as well as tumor growth in animal model. Methods Cell viability and proliferative capacity of normal renal cells and RCC cells were investigated by MTT assay. In addition, 786-O cells were divided into four groups and treated with different concentrations of PAC (0, 20, 40, and 60 μM) for 48 h. Cell scratch test and cell invasion assay were performed to evaluate the effects of PAC on the invasion and migration of RCC cells, respectively. The effects of PAC on apoptosis of RCC cells and expression levels of PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway-related biomarkers were investigated using TUNEL staining and Western blotting methods, respectively. Effects of PAC on the inhibitory activity of RCC tumor in mice were evaluated in a 786-O CDX model. Results The study found that PAC inhibited the viability of RCC cells in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by in vitro cell assays (p < 0.05). However, PAC showed no significant inhibitory effect on normal renal cells (p > 0.05). PAC also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of RCC via EMT/MMP signaling pathways (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting results showed that PAC induced the apoptosis of RCC, which was accompanied by changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (p < 0.05). Moreover, PAC significantly downregulated the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The effect of PAC on RCC apoptosis was dramatically reversed by 740Y-P (PI3K agonist) (p < 0.05) but significantly enhanced in the presence of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) (p < 0.05). The results of in vivo experiment also demonstrated that the antitumor activity of PAC was achieved by affecting the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway. Conclusions PAC can effectively suppress the proliferation, invasion and migration of RCC cells, and exhibit anti-tumor effects in RCC model by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Bingnan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhihong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Nie W, Yang Y, Li L, Ding Y, Chen X, Li M, He N, Ji G, Zhang Y, Kang P, Zhang T. Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of seven major bioactive components in normal and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats after oral administration of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction by UPLC-MS/MS. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1174742. [PMID: 37214449 PMCID: PMC10192568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1174742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was hereby developed for the determination of seven components, namely, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, dehydrotumulosic acid, isoliquiritin, liquiritin, atractylenolide III, and cinnamic acid, in the plasma of rats after the oral administration of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction (LGZGD). Besides, this very method was methodologically validated for specificity, linearity, inter-day and intra-day precision, accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability. It was also successfully used for the first time to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the seven components after oral administration of LGZGD to normal rats and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats. The results indicated significant differences between the pharmacokinetic characteristics of normal and NAFLD rats. To further reveal the different pharmacokinetic behaviors, the expressions of enzymes and transporters in the liver of normal and NAFLD rats were detected using UPLC-MS/MS. In the NAFLD rats, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 (UGT1A1) and nine transporters were significantly inhibited and a positive correlation was observed between them and the AUC of the major components. The present results indicate that the pharmacokinetic differences between the normal and NAFLD rats might be attributed to the significant lower expression levels of both the metabolic enzyme UGT1A1 and nine transporter proteins in the NAFLD rats than in the normal rats. Meanwhile, UGT1A1 and the nine transporter proteins might be used as potential biomarkers to assess the ameliorative effect of LGZGD on NAFLD, which could provide useful information to guide the clinical application of LGZGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingmi Chen
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Screening the effective components in treating dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome and elucidating the potential mechanism of Poria water extract. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:83-98. [PMID: 36871985 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Poria is an important medicine for inducing diuresis to drain dampness from the middle energizer. However, the specific effective components and the potential mechanism of Poria remain largely unknown. To identify the effective components and the mechanism of Poria water extract (PWE) to treat dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome (DSSD), a rat model of DSSD was established through weight-loaded forced swimming, intragastric ice-water stimulation, humid living environment, and alternate-day fasting for 21 days. After 14 days of treatment with PWE, the results indicated that PWE increased fecal moisture percentage, urine output, D-xylose level and weight; amylase, albumin, and total protein levels; and the swimming time of rats with DSSD to different extents. Eleven highly related components were screened out using the spectrum-effect relationship and LC-MS. Mechanistic studies revealed that PWE significantly increased the expression of serum motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), ADCY5/6, p-PKAα/β/γ cat, and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein in the stomach, and AQP3 expression in the colon. Moreover, it decreased the levels of serum ADH, the expression of AQP3 and AQP4 in the stomach, AQP1 and AQP3 in the duodenum, and AQP4 in the colon. PWE induced diuresis to drain dampness in rats with DSSD. Eleven main effective components were identified in PWE. They exerted therapeutic effect by regulating the AC-cAMP-AQP signaling pathway in the stomach, MTL and GAS levels in the serum, AQP1 and AQP3 expression in the duodenum, and AQP3 and AQP4 expression in the colon.
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Wai H, Micalizio GC. Toward the Asymmetric de Novo Synthesis of Lanostanes: Construction of 7,11-Dideoxy-Δ 5-lucidadone H. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14975-14979. [PMID: 36206482 PMCID: PMC9662812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to establish an asymmetric entry to hexanorlanostanes has resulted in a concise synthesis of 7,11-dideoxy-Δ5-lucidadone H from epichlorohydrin. By exploiting metallacycle-mediated annulative cross-coupling (to establish a functionalized hydrindane) and stereoselective formation of the steroidal C9-C10 bond to establish a stereodefined 9-alkyl estrane, 14 subsequent steps have been established to generate a hexanorlanostane system. Key transformations include formal inversion of the C13 quaternary center, oxidative dearomatization/group-selective Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, and Lewis acid mediated semi-Pinacol rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- HtooTint Wai
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
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Bioactive components of Laetiporus species and their pharmacological effects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5929-5944. [PMID: 36063176 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Laetiporus species are brown rot fungi belonging to the order Polyporales in the division Basidiomycota. These species produce a variety of metabolites and provide a great source of natural material for the screening of medicinally active natural products or their derivatives. This review summarizes the research progress on bioactive metabolites of Laetiporus species up to April 2022, including biological macromolecules, for instance, polysaccharides and lectins, as well as 80 reported small molecule chemical components (15 sterols, 29 triterpenes, 10 sesquiterpenes, 5 polyenes, 10 volatile compounds, and 11 other compounds). These metabolites exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Genome mining predicted 23 terpene synthases, 7 polyketide synthases, and 9 non-ribosomal peptide synthases involved in bioactive metabolites biosynthesis, which were analyzed by antiSMASH in L. sulphureus genome. This review will provide a basis for the biosynthesis of active components in Laetiporus species and a reference for the research of medical precursors. KEY POINTS: • The mini-review summarized 80 secondary metabolites of Laetiporus spp. • The main pharmacological activities of Laetiporus spp. were summarized. • Biosynthetic genes of terpenoids, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides were also summarized.
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Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprint and antioxidant of "San-Bai Decoction" extracts. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1208:123380. [PMID: 35908440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
"San-Bai Decoction" (SBD) has been a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for replenishing Qi and promoting blood circulation, whitening skin, and removing blemishes since ancient times. However, its chemical composition and antioxidant activity are not clear thus far, which limits the in-depth study on its pharmacodynamic material basis and efficacy. The objective of this study was to establish the fingerprint profile of SBD, assess its antioxidant activity by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and find the spectrum-effect relationship of SBD by Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS). In this study, the fingerprint of SBD was established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 20 common peaks were found, among which 6 peaks were designated. The similarities between the fingerprints of 12 batches of SBD and the reference fingerprint (R) were all greater than 0.900. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activities of all batches were concentration-dependent in their linear regression equation. The result of GRA showed that the correlation order of 20 common peaks for DPPH radical scavenging was X13 > X7 > X3 > X6 > X10 > X11 > X4 > X12 > X2 > X18 > X9 > X5 > X19 > X1 > X20 > X16 > X17 > X15 > X8 > X14. At the same time, PLS study demonstrated that the contribution of six identified characteristic peaks to DPPH radical scavenging ability was X1 = X7 > X6 > X19 > X20 > X16. In this study, the spectrum-effect relationship of SBD between its HPLC fingerprint and the antioxidant activity can be used to screen the pharmacodynamic substance basis of its antioxidant action and lay the foundation for establishing quality standards and product development.
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Bao TRG, Long GQ, Wang Y, Wang Q, Liu XL, Hu GS, Gao XX, Wang AH, Jia JM. New Lanostane-Type Triterpenes with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from the Epidermis of Wolfiporia cocos. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4418-4433. [PMID: 35347990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A chemical study on the epidermis of cultivated edible mushroom Wolfiporia cocos resulted in the isolation and identification of 46 lanostane triterpenoids, containing 17 new compounds (1-17). An experimental determination of their anti-inflammatory activity showed that poricoic acid GM (39) most strongly inhibited NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 murine macrophages with an IC50 value at 9.73 μM. Furthermore, poricoic acid GM induced HO-1 protein expression and inhibited iNOS and COX2 protein expression as well as the release of PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, poricoic acid GM suppressed the phosphorylation of the IκBα protein, which prevented NF-κB from entering the nucleus to lose transcriptional activity and inhibited the dissociation of Keap1 from Nrf2, thereby activating Nrf2 into the nucleus to regulate antioxidant genes. Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathway may play a significant role in poricoic acid GM-induced elimination of inflammation. This work further confirms that lanostane triterpenoids are key ingredients responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of the edible medicinal mushroom W. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Ri-Gen Bao
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qing Long
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Li Liu
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Sheng Hu
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xu Gao
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Hua Wang
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ming Jia
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Zuo ZT, Wang YZ. The Traditional Usages, Chemical Components and Pharmacological Activities of Wolfiporia cocos: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:389-440. [PMID: 35300566 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As an endemic species,Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. is widely distributed, such as in China, Korea, Japan, and North America, which have had a dual-purpose resource for medicines and food for over 2000 years. The applications of W. cocos were used to treat diseases including edema, insomnia, spleen deficiency, and vomiting. What's more, there have been wide uses of such edible fungi as a function food or dietary supplement recently. Up until now, 166 kinds of chemical components have been isolated and identified from W. cocos including triterpenes, polysaccharides, sterols, diterpenes, and others. Modern pharmacological studies showed that the components hold a wide range of pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and antidepressant activities. In addition, present results showed that the mechanisms of pharmacological activities were closely related to chemical structures, molecular signaling paths and the expression of relate proteins for polysaccharides and triterpenes. For further in-depth studies on this fungus based on the recent research status, this review provided some perspectives and systematic summaries of W. cocos in traditional uses, chemical components, pharmacological activities, separation and analysis technologies, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Tian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
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Zhang L, Yin M, Feng X, Ibrahim SA, Liu Y, Huang W. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Four Triterpenoids Isolated from Poriae Cutis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123155. [PMID: 34945705 PMCID: PMC8700795 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, triterpenoid compounds from Poriae Cutis were separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the purified triterpenoids on RAW 264.7 cells were also investigated. Triterpenoids, poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, dehydrotrametenolic acid, and dehydroeburicoic acid were obtained; their levels of purity were 90%, 92%, 93%, and 96%, respectively. The results indicated that poricoic acid B had higher anti-inflammatory activity than those of poricoic acid A by inhibiting the generation of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. However, dehydrotrametenolic acid and dehydroeburicoic acid had no anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, the production of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in cells treated with poricoic acid B decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range from 10 to 40 μg/mL. The results provide evidence for the use of Poriae Cutis as a natural anti-inflammatory agent in medicines and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mengzhou Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA;
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-5980-7072
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Tan W, Pan T, Wang S, Li P, Men Y, Tan R, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Immunometabolism modulation, a new trick of edible and medicinal plants in cancer treatment. Food Chem 2021; 376:131860. [PMID: 34971892 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The edible and medicinal plants (EMPs) are becoming an abundant source for cancer prevention and treatment since the natural and healthy trend for modern human beings. Currently, there are more than one hundred species of EMPs widely used and listed by the national health commission of China, and most of them indicate immune or metabolic regulation potential in cancer treatment with numerous studies over the past two decades. In the present review, we focused on the metabolic influence in immunocytes and tumor microenvironment, including immune response, immunosuppressive factors and cancer cells, discussing the immunometabolic potential of EMPs in cancer treatment. There are more than five hundred references collected and analyzed through retrieving pharmacological studies deposited in PubMed by medical subject headings and the corresponding names derived from pharmacopoeia of China as a sole criterion. Finally, the immunometabolism modulation of EMPs was sketch out implying an immunometabolic control in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yongfan Men
- Research Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
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Li YC, Ngan NT, Cheng KC, Hwang TL, Thang TD, Tuan NN, Yang ML, Kuo PC, Wu TS. Constituents from the Fruiting Bodies of Trametes cubensis and Trametes suaveolens in Vietnam and Their Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237311. [PMID: 34885893 PMCID: PMC8659016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is reported that various fungi have been used for medicine and edible foods. The tropical Trametes genus is popular and well-known in Vietnam for its health effects and bioactivities. In this study, the fruiting bodies of the edible fungi T. cubensis and T. suaveolens were collected in Vietnam. The preliminary bioactivity screening data indicated that the methanol extracts of the fruiting bodies of T. cubensis and T. suaveolens displayed significant inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Therefore, the isolation and characterization were performed on these two species by a combination of chromatographic methods and spectrometric analysis. In total, twenty-four compounds were identified, and among these (1-3) were characterized by 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRMS analytical data. In addition, the anti-inflammatory potentials of some purified compounds were examined by the cellular model for the inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Among the isolated compounds, (5,14), and (19) displayed significant anti-inflammatory potential. As the results suggest, the extracts and isolated compounds from T. cubensis and T. suaveolens are potential candidates for the further development of new anti-inflammatory lead drugs or natural healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Chiun Li
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Ngan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.N.); (T.D.T.); (N.N.T.)
| | | | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tran Dinh Thang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.N.); (T.D.T.); (N.N.T.)
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Tuan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.N.); (T.D.T.); (N.N.T.)
| | - Mei-Lin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (M.-L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (P.-C.K.); (T.-S.W.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 6806) (P.-C.K.); Tel.: +886-6-2757575 (ext. 65333) (T.-S.W.)
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (M.-L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (P.-C.K.); (T.-S.W.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 6806) (P.-C.K.); Tel.: +886-6-2757575 (ext. 65333) (T.-S.W.)
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Poria cocos Regulates Cell Migration and Actin Filament Aggregation in B35 and C6 Cells by Modulating the RhoA, CDC42, and Rho Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6854860. [PMID: 34512781 PMCID: PMC8426088 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6854860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Poria is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and mood-stabilizing properties. Poria contains triterpenoids and polysaccharides, which are reported to regulate the cytoplasmic free calcium associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and affect the cell function of neonatal rat nerve cells and hippocampal neurons. Although the modulatory effects of Poria on neuronal function have been widely reported, the molecular mechanism of these effects is unclear. Cell migration ability and the reorganization of actin filaments are important biological functions during neuronal development, and they can be regulated mainly by the Rho signaling pathway. We found that the cell migration ability and actin condensation in B35 cells enhanced by P. cocos (a water solution of P. cocos cum Radix Pini (PRP) or White Poria (WP)) might be caused by increased RhoA and CDC42 activity and increased expression of downstream ROCK1, p-MLC2, N-WASP, and ARP2/3 in B35 cells. Similar modulations of cell migration ability, actin condensation, and Rho signaling pathway were also observed in the C6 glial cell line, except for the PRP-induced regulation of RhoA and CDC42 activities. Ketamine-induced inhibition of cell migration and actin condensation can be restored by P. cocos. In addition, we observed that the increased expression of RhoA and ROCK1 or the decreased expression of CDC42 and N-WASP caused by ketamine in B35 cells could also be restored by P. cocos. The results of this study suggest that the regulatory effects of P. cocos on cell migration and actin filament aggregation are closely related to the regulation of RhoA, CDC42, and Rho signaling pathways in both B35 and C6 cells. PRP and WP have the potential to restore neuronal cell Rho signaling abnormalities involved in some mental diseases.
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Wu Z, Chen X, Ni W, Zhou D, Chai S, Ye W, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Ren L, Zeng Y. The inhibition of Mpro, the primary protease of COVID-19, by Poria cocos and its active compounds: a network pharmacology and molecular docking study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11821-11843. [PMID: 35423770 PMCID: PMC8696653 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that can clear dampness, promote diuresis, and strengthen the spleen and stomach. Poria cocos has been detected in many TCM compounds that are used for COVID-19 intervention. However, the active ingredients and mechanisms associated with the effect of Poria cocos on COVID-19 remain unclear. In this paper, the active ingredients of Poria cocos, along with their potential targets related to COVID-19, were screened using TCMSP, GeneCards, and other databases, by means of network pharmacology. We then investigated the active components, potential targets, and interactions, that are associated with COVID-19 intervention. The primary protease of COVID-19, Mpro, is currently a key target in the design of potential inhibitors. Molecular docking techniques and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the active components of Poria cocos could bind stably to the active site of Mpro with high levels of binding activity. Pachymic acid is based on a triterpene structure and was identified as the main component of Poria cocos; its triterpene active component has low binding energy with Mpro. The pachymic acid of Mpro activity was further characterized and the IC50 was determined to be 18.607 μmol L−1. Our results indicate that pachymic acid exhibits a certain inhibitory effect on the Mpro protease. The inhibition of Mpro, the primary protease of COVID-19, by Poria cocos.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 China
| | - Weiju Ni
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Danshui Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shanshan Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Weile Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhengpu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- College of Pharmacy Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Liping Ren
- Beijing TongRenTang LA Healthcare Center 9670 Las Tunas Dr Temple City CA 91780 USA
| | - Yu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
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Sofrenić I, Anđelković B, Todorović N, Stanojković T, Vujisić L, Novaković M, Milosavljević S, Tešević V. Cytotoxic triterpenoids and triterpene sugar esters from the medicinal mushroom Fomitopsis betulina. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 181:112580. [PMID: 33166752 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen undescribed 24-methylene lanostane triterpenoids, named polyporenic acids E-M and fomitosides L-O, as well as seventeen known analogues, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Fomitopsis betulina. Their structures were determined using 1D, 2D NMR, IR, and HRESIMS. Fomitoside L and fomitoside N exhibited cytotoxicity against HL60 leukemia cells (IC50 = 15.8 and 23.7 μM, respectively). Among the known compounds, notable cytotoxicities against HL60 leukemia cells and selectivity with respect to MRC-5 healthy cells were noticed for dehydropachymic acid (IC50 = 10.9 μM, SI 8.6), pachymic acid (IC50 = 11.0 μM, SI 9.8), 3-epi-dehydrotumulosic acid (IC50 = 19.9 μM, SI 5.8) and 12α-hydroxy-3α-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxycarbonyl-3'-methylbutyryloxy)-24-methyllanosta-8,24 (31)-dien-26-oic acid (IC50 = 19.2 μM, SI 2.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sofrenić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boban Anđelković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Todorović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubodrag Vujisić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Novaković
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slobodan Milosavljević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Roy A, Ahuja S, Garg S. Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Biological Activity and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Kuo PC, Tai SH, Hung CC, Hwang TL, Kuo LM, Lam SH, Cheng KC, Kuo DH, Hung HY, Wu TS. Antiinflammatory triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola. Bioorg Chem 2020; 108:104562. [PMID: 33358389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed lanostane-type triterpenes, and twenty-two known triterpenes were isolated and identified from a medicinal bracket fungus Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. The antiinflammatory potential of thirty-two triterpene compounds was evaluated using neutrophils as an assay model, and pinicolasin J was the most potent inhibitor of superoxide anion generation and elastase release, with IC50 values of 1.81 ± 0.44 and 2.50 ± 0.64 μM, respectively. This study provides scientific insight into the nutritional supplement value and medicinal development of Fomitopsis pinicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tai
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Che Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia-Yi, 613, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Sio Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | | | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
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Nie A, Chao Y, Zhang X, Jia W, Zhou Z, Zhu C. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:505249. [PMID: 33071776 PMCID: PMC7533546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.505249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is the dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb., which was the current accepted name and was formerly known as Macrohyporia cocos (Schwein.) I. Johans. & Ryvarden, Pachyma cocos (Schwein.) Fr., Poria cocos F.A. Wolf and Sclerotium cocos Schwein. It is one of the most important crude drugs in traditional Chinese medicine, with a wide range of applications in ameliorating phlegm and edema, relieving nephrosis and chronic gastritis and improving uneasiness of minds. Its extensive pharmacological effects have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no systematic review focusing on the chemical compounds and pharmacological activities of Poria cocos. Therefore, this review aimed to provide the latest information on the chemical compounds and pharmacological effects of Poria cocos, exploring the therapeutic potential of these compounds. We obtained the information of Poria cocos from electronic databases such as SCI finder, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang DATA and Google Scholar. Up to now, two main active ingredients, triterpenes and polysaccharides of Poria cocos, have been identified from Poria cocos. It has been reported that they have pharmacological effects on anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and liver and kidney protection. The review summarizes the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Poria cocos, which suggest that researchers should focus on the development of new drugs about Poria cocos to make them exert greater therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzheng Nie
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Jia
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chen N, Chen M, Wu T, Bian Y, Xu Z. The development of an efficient RNAi system based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach for studying functional genomics in medical fungus Wolfiporia cocos. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:140. [PMID: 32803511 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic transformation methods reported for Wolfiporia cocos are limited. In this study, we describe an efficient RNA interference (RNAi) system based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach in W. cocos for the first time. Actively growing mycelial plugs were used as recipients for transformation using endogenous orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene (URA3) as both a selective marker and a silencing gene, under the control of the dual promoters of Legpd and Leactin from Lentinula edodes and the single promoter of Wcgpd from W. cocos, respectively. The results showed that both the two kinds of promoters effectively drive the expression of URA3 gene, and the URA3-silenced transformants could be selected on CYM medium containing 5'-fluoroorotic acid. In addition, silencing URA3 gene has no effect on the growth of W. cocos hyphae. The incomplete silencing of the URA3 locus was also observed in this study. This study will promote further study on the mechanism of substrate degradation, sclerotial formation, and biosynthesis network of pharmacological compounds in W. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyao Chen
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yinbing Bian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhangyi Xu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Li X, Sdiri M, Peng J, Xie Y, Yang BB. Identification and characterization of chemical components in the bioactive fractions of Cynomorium coccineum that possess anticancer activity. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:61-73. [PMID: 31892846 PMCID: PMC6930376 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynomorium coccineum has long been used as the health and medicinal plant known to induce cancer cell death. However, the bioactive compounds of C. coccineum and the underlying mechanism of their regulator in cell autophagy and cell apoptosis remain unexplored. In our previous study, we found that the ethanol extract had antitumor activity through inducing cancer cell death. In this study, by detecting the anti-tumor effect of sequence extracts from Cynomorium coccineum, the active constituents were collected in solvent ethyl acetate. A strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS) was first utilized to analyze the chemical constituents of active fraction (ethyl acetate fraction, CS3). A total of 29 compounds including 8 triterpenoids, 6 flavonoids, 4 fatty acids, 8 phenolic acids, 1 anthraquinones, 1 nucleoside and 1 sterol were detected and identified or tentatively identified for the first time in Cynomorium coccineum. We found that CS3 induces cancer cell death accompanied with a great number of vacuoles in the cytoplasm. CS3-induced autophagosome formation was found and confirmed by electron microscopy and the high expression levels of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3-II (LC3II), a marker protein of autophagy. We additionally demonstrated that CS3 activated and increased the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins, BNIP3 and BNIP3L, in mRNA and protein levels. The constituents of CS3 down-regulated anti-apoptotic BCL2, and then releases autophagic protein Beclin-1. These finding for the first time systematically not only explore and identify the active constituents of CS3 in Cynomorium coccineum, but also examined the mechanism associated with CS3-induced cell death via cell autophagy. This active component may serve as a potential source to obtain new autophagy inducer and anti-cancer compounds for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Mouna Sdiri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
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20
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Zou YT, Long F, Wu CY, Zhou J, Zhang W, Xu JD, Zhang YQ, Li SL. A dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in Poria cocos by comparing predicted and acquired UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS data. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:292-310. [PMID: 30569602 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triterpene acids from the dried sclerotia of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (poria) were recently found to possess anti-cancer activities. Identification of more triterpene acid analogues in poria is worthwhile for high throughput screening in anti-cancer drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To establish an efficient dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in poria based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). METHODOLOGY The structural characteristics and mass spectrometric data profiles of known triterpene acids previously reported in poria were used to establish a predicted-analogue database. Then, the quasi-molecular ions of components in a poria extract were automatically compared with those in the predicted-analogue database to highlight compounds of potential interest. Tentative structural identification of the compounds of potential interest and discrimination of isomers were achieved by assessing ion fragmentation patterns and chromatographic behaviour prediction based on structure-retention relationship. RESULTS A total of 62 triterpene acids were unequivocally or tentatively characterised from poria, among which 17 triterpene acids were tentatively identified for the first time in poria. CONCLUSION This study provided more structure information of triterpene acids in poria for future high throughput screening of anti-cancer candidates. It is suggested that this semi-automated approach in which MS data are automatically compared to a predictive database may also be applicable for efficient screening of other herbal medicines for structural analogues of proven bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ting Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li H, Bu X, Li K, Wu D. Production of a novel Poria cocos immunomodulatory protein in Pichia pastoris: cloning, expression, purification and activities assays. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:27. [PMID: 30680515 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the cDNA of immunomodulatory protein from Poria cocos (PCP) was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and used to transform P. Pastoris cells, resulting in rPCP expression as a secreted protein to a concentration of ~ 38 mg/L following methanol induction in shake flasks. Approximately 1.6 mg of high purity rPCP was obtained from a 100-mL culture by Ni+-affinity chromatography, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results indicated rPCP as a homologous dimer glycoprotein formed by different molecular-weight monomers. Peptide-N-glycosidase F-mediated deglycosylation analysis showed the presence of an N-glycosylated rPCP monomer, and bioactivity assays showed that rPCP activity upregulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-1β transcription and increased TNF-α secretion from mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Shortly, we demonstrated successful purification of active rPCP from P. pastoris, which promoted further study of its biological activities and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China.
| | - Xiufen Bu
- Department of Genetics and Eugenics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Kuai Li
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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22
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Ji B, Zhao Y, Yu P, Yang B, Zhou C, Yu Z. LC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of eleven bioactive compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan Decoction and its application to a pharmacokinetics study. Talanta 2018; 190:450-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Ahmad MF. Ganoderma lucidum: Persuasive biologically active constituents and their health endorsement. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:507-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Qian Q, Zhou N, Qi P, Zhang Y, Mu X, Shi X, Wang Q. A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of eight triterpene compounds from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf extract in rat plasma: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:34-44. [PMID: 30366210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Poria cum Radix Pini (PRP), White Poria (WP), Rubra Poria (RP), and Poriae Cutis (PC), different parts of the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PCW), have possessed various pharmacological effects and clinical application. In the present study, a novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight triterpene compounds in rat plasma and then was applied in the comparison of pharmacokinetic characteristics of PRP, WP, RP, and PC extracts. Chromatographic separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of aqueous solution (containing 0.5‰ formic acid and 0.5 mmol/L ammonium acetate) and acetonitrile in gradient elution. Mass spectrometric of the analytes and internal standard (IS) were conducted in negative electrospray ionization with high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRMHR) mode. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for the eight analytes were in the range of 2.00-20.16 ng/mL. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.993). The inter- and intra-batch precision and accuracy for the eight triterpene compounds were acceptable. The results indicated that the eight triterpene compounds displayed different pharmacokinetic characteristics in PRP, WP, RP, and PC, and that poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, pachymic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, dehydrotumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C and dehydropachymic acid may be the major bioactive compounds of PCW contributing to the diuretic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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25
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Chen T, Hua L, Chou G, Mao X, Zou X. A Unique Naphthone Derivative and a Rare 4,5- seco-Lanostane Triterpenoid from Poria cocos. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102508. [PMID: 30274339 PMCID: PMC6222825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously undescribed naphthalenone derivative, sohiracillinone (1), and a novel 4,5-seco-lanostane triterpenoid, 11β-ethoxydaedaleanic acid A (2) were isolated with two new lanostane triterpenoids, ceanphytamic acids A (3) and B (4), from the EtOH extract of Poria cocos along with 17 known compounds 5⁻21. The absolute configuration of sohiracillinone (1) was unambiguously identified by NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. The structures of other new compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR and mass spectroscopy (MS), and the cytotoxic activities of all the isolated components were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - La Hua
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guixin Chou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xudong Mao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xianliang Zou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
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26
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Correlation between Quality and Geographical Origins of Poria cocos Revealed by Qualitative Fingerprint Profiling and Quantitative Determination of Triterpenoid Acids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092200. [PMID: 30200284 PMCID: PMC6225149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PC) is a well-known saprophytic fungus, and its sclerotium without the epidermis (PCS) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a functional food in many countries. PCS is normally collected from multiple geographical regions, but whether and how the quality of PCS correlates with where it grows have not been determined. This correlation could be significant both for quality control and optimum utilization of PCS as a natural resource. In this study, a qualitative fingerprint profiling method performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) combining quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS/MS) and a quantitative UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ-MS/MS) approach were established to investigate whether and how the quality of PCS correlates with its collection location. A standard fingerprint of PCS was generated by median simulation of 25 tested samples collected from four main producing areas of China, and similarity analysis was applied to evaluate the similarities between the fingerprints of samples and the standard fingerprint. Twenty three common peaks occurring in the fingerprint were unequivocally or tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Meanwhile, principal component analysis (PCA), supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to classify 25 batches of PCS samples into four groups, which were highly consistent with the four geographical regions. Ten compounds were screened out as potential markers to distinguish the quality of PCS. Nine triterpene acids, including five compounds that played important roles in the clusters between different samples collected from the four collection locations, were simultaneously quantified by using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode of UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The current strategy not only clearly expounded the correlation between quality and geographical origins of PCS, but also provided a fast, accurate and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative method for assessing the quality of PCS.
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27
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Lee S, Lee S, Roh HS, Song SS, Ryoo R, Pang C, Baek KH, Kim KH. Cytotoxic Constituents from the Sclerotia of Poria cocos against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Inducing Mitochondrial Apoptosis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090116. [PMID: 30149516 PMCID: PMC6162800 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed the antitumor potential of Poria cocos Wolf against a broad spectrum of cancers. However, the biological activity of P. cocos against lung cancer, which is known as the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and its underlying chemical and molecular basis, remain to be investigated. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of P. cocos toward human lung adenocarcinoma cells with different p53 statuses, to identify the bioactive constituents of P. cocos, and explicate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of these constituents in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. An EtOH extract of the sclerotia of P. cocos exhibited cytotoxicity toward four human lung cancer cell lines: A549, H1264, H1299, and Calu-6, regardless of their p53 status. Chemical investigation of the extract resulted in the isolation of two triterpenoids, dehydroeburicoic acid monoacetate (1) and acetyl eburicoic acid (4); a sterol, 9,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide (2); and a diterpenoid, dehydroabietic acid (3). All of the isolated compounds were cytotoxic to the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, exhibiting IC50 values ranging from 63.6 μM to 171.0 μM at 48 h of treatment. The cytotoxicity of the extract and the isolated compounds were found to be mediated by apoptosis, and accompanied by elevated Bax expression and/or Bcl-2 phosphorylation along with caspase-3 activation. Our data demonstrate that the sclerotium of P. cocos and its four bioactive constituents (1⁻4) exert cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma cells, regardless of their p53 status, by inducing apoptosis associated with mitochondrial perturbation, and proposing the potential to employ P. cocos in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Seul Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Roh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Seong-Soo Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Rhim Ryoo
- Special Forest Products Division, Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea.
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Kwan-Hyuck Baek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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28
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Zhu L, Xu J, Zhang S, Wang R, Huang Q, Chen H, Dong X, Zhao Z. Qualitatively and quantitatively comparing secondary metabolites in three medicinal parts derived from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based chemical profiling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:278-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tohtahon Z, Xue J, Han J, Liu Y, Hua H, Yuan T. Cytotoxic lanostane triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Piptoporus betulinus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 143:98-103. [PMID: 28800422 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of a bioactive methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of Piptoporus betulinus led to the isolation of five previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids named piptolinic acids A-E, as well as five known lanostane triterpenoids. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS analysis. Piptolinic acid A with an unusual moiety (3-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-3-methylbutyryloxy) at C-3 exhibited comparable cytotoxic activity against human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 (IC50 = 1.77 μM) and human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 (IC50 = 8.21 μM) to those of positive control, fluorouracil (IC50 = 6.38 and 4.41 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Tohtahon
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, and State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianxin Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, and State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yushuang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, and State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, and State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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30
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Anti-inflammatory activity of the sclerotia of edible fungus, Poria cocos Wolf and their active lanostane triterpenoids. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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31
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Lai KH, Lu MC, Du YC, El-Shazly M, Wu TY, Hsu YM, Henz A, Yang JC, Backlund A, Chang FR, Wu YC. Cytotoxic Lanostanoids from Poria cocos. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2805-2813. [PMID: 27808511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Six new and 16 known lanostanoids were isolated from the sclerotia of Poria cocos. The structures of the new isolates were elucidated to be 16α-hydroxy-3-oxo-24-methyllanosta-5,7,9(11),24(31)-tetraen-21-oic acid (1), 3β,16α,29-trihydroxy-24-methyllanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (2), 3β,16α,30-trihydroxy-24-methyllanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (3), 3β-acetoxy-16α,24β-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),25-trien-21-oic acid (4), 3β,16α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-24-methyllanosta-8,24(31)-dien-21-oic acid (5), and 3α,16α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-24-methyllanosta-8,24(31)-dien-21-oic acid (6), based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined using Mosher's method. The antiproliferative activity of the isolated compounds (except 3 and 4) was evaluated against four leukemic cell lines (Molt 4, CCRF-CEM, HL 60, and K562). Dehydropachymic acid (9), dehydroeburicoic acid (12), pachymic acid (14), and lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid (20) exhibited an antiproliferative effect on the CCRF-CEM cancer cell line with IC50 values of 2.7, 6.3, 4.9, and 13.1 μM, respectively. Both dehydropachymic acid (9) and dehydroeburicoic acid (12) showed antiproliferative effects against Molt 4 (IC50 13.8 and 14.3 μM) and HL 60 (IC50 7.3 and 6.0 μM) leukemic cell lines. Primary computational analysis using a chemical global positioning system for natural products (ChemGPS-NP) on the active lanostanoids from P. cocos suggested that targets other than topoisomerases may be involved in the antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mei-Chin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University , Pingtung 944, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium , Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University , Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Astrid Henz
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Anders Backlund
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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32
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An ethanol extract of Poria cocos inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via the mitochondria-mediated caspase activation pathway. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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33
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Xiang X, Wang X, Bian Y, Xu Z. Development of crossbreeding high-yield-potential strains for commercial cultivation in the medicinal mushroom Wolfiporia cocos (Higher Basidiomycetes). J Nat Med 2016; 70:645-52. [PMID: 27100524 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-0995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wolfiporia cocos is a well-known medicinal mushroom, and its dried sclerotia has been widely used as a traditional medicine in China, Japan, and other Asian countries for centuries. However, long-term asexual reproduction of the breeding system in W. cocos results in a current universal degeneration of cultivated strains. To develop a W. cocos breeding program that will benefit commercial cultivation, we previously developed an optimum method for indoor induction of W. cocos fruiting bodies and clarified the nature of preponderant binuclear sexual basidiospores. In this paper, we first show that the majority of W. cocos single-spore isolates cannot form sclerotium in field cultivation. We then investigated the possibility of breeding new strains by crossbreeding. Three types of mating reactions were observed in both intra-strain pairings and inter-strain pairings, and a total of fifty-five hybrids were selected by antagonistic testing and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Field cultivation of hybrids demonstrated that some hybrids can form sclerotium via two cultivated methods. Two new high-yield strains were identified. This report will stimulate new thinking on W. cocos and promote further extensive studies on crossbreeding in W. cocos, a new topic related to the development of more efficient protocols for the discrimination of hybrids in W. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhao Xiang
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yinbing Bian
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhangyi Xu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Zhang X, Xu ZC, Xu J, Ji AJ, Luo HM, Song JY, Sun C, Hu YL, Chen SL. Selection and validation of reference genes for normalization of quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis in Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fuling). Chin Med 2016; 11:8. [PMID: 26937250 PMCID: PMC4774131 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) requires a stable internal control to avoid misinterpretation of data or errors for gene expression normalization. However, there are still no validated reference genes for stable internal control in Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fuling). This study aims to validate the reference genes of P. cocos. Methods This study firstly collected the 14 candidate reference genes by BLASTP from the genome of P. cocos for qRT-PCR analysis to determine the expression levels of 14 housekeeping genes (GAPDH, MAPK, β-Act, RPB2, RPB1-1, RPB1-2, his3-1, his3-2, APT, SAMDC, RP, β-Tub, EIF, and CYP) under different temperatures and in response to different plant hormones (indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellic acid), and the threshold cycle (Ct) values. The results were analyzed by four programs (i.e., geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder) for evaluating the candidate reference genes. Results SAMDC, his3-2, RP, RPB2, and his3-1 were recommended as reference genes for treating P. cocos with indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellic acid, respectively. Under different temperatures RPB2 was the most stable reference gene. CYP was the most stable gene for all 90 samples by RefFinder. Conclusion SAMDC, his3-2, RP, RPB2, and his3-1 were evaluated to be suitable reference genes for P. cocos following different treatments. RPB2 was the most stable reference gene under different temperatures and CYP was the most stable gene in the mycelia under all six evaluated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhi-Chao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Ai-Jia Ji
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hong-Mei Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jing-Yuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China ; Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, 408435 China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yuan-Lei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Shi-Lin Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China ; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
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35
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Wu LF, Wang KF, Mao X, Liang WY, Chen WJ, Li S, Qi Q, Cui YP, Zhang LZ. Screening and Analysis of the Potential Bioactive Components of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf by HPLC and HPLC-MS(n) with the Aid of Chemometrics. Molecules 2016; 21:E227. [PMID: 26901179 PMCID: PMC6274397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a new method based on Similarity Analysis (SA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the quality of different samples of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf obtained from Yunnan, Hubei, Guizhou, Fujian, Henan, Guangxi, Anhui and Sichuan in China. For this purpose 15 samples from the different habitats were analyzed by HPLC-PAD and HPLC-MS(n). Twenty-three compounds were detected by HPLC-MS(n), of which twenty compounds were tentatively identified by comparing their retention times and mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds and reviewing the literature. The characteristic fragmentations were summarized. 3-epi-Dehydrotumulosic acid (F13), 3-oxo-16α,25-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (F4), 3-oxo-6,16α-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (F7) and dehydropachymic acid (F15) were deemed to be suitable marker compounds to distinguish between samples of different quality according to CA and PCA. This study provides helpful chemical information for further anti-tumor activity and active mechanism research on P. cocos. The results proved that fingerprint combined with a chemometric approach is a simple, rapid and effective method for the quality discrimination of P. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Kun-Feng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xin Mao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Wen-Yi Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Shi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lan-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Pachymic acid induces apoptosis via activating ROS-dependent JNK and ER stress pathways in lung cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:78. [PMID: 26244039 PMCID: PMC4524283 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pachymic acid (PA), a lanostane-type triterpenoid from Poria cocos, has been reported to possess anti-emetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Nonetheless, the anti-tumor effect of PA in lung cancer cells remains unclear. Herein, we report the chemotherapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of PA against human lung cancer. METHODS The anti-proliferative ability of PA on lung cancer cells was assessed by MTT, colony formation and EdU proliferation assays. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect cell cycle changes. Apoptosis was determined by annexin V/PI double-staining and the DNA ladder formation assays. The expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins were analysed by western blot. The in vivo efficacy of PA was measured using a NCI-H23 xenograft model in nude mice. RESULTS PA exhibited anti-tumor effects in vitro accompanied by induction of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in NCI-H23 and NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, our data showed that PA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in the activation of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress apoptotic pathways in lung cancer cells. Moreover, blockage of ROS production reversed PA-induced JNK and ER stress activation. Finally, PA inhibited the growth of NCI-H23 xenograft tumors without causing any host toxicity, and inhibited cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis of tumor cells in tumor xenograft tissues. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study demonstrates that PA induces apoptosis through activation of the JNK and ER stress pathways in human lung cancer cells. Our findings provide a rationale for the potential application of PA in lung cancer therapy.
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Yin X, Li ZH, Li Y, Feng T, Liu JK. Four lanostane-type triterpenes from the fruiting bodies of mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:793-799. [PMID: 25916960 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1027694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new 3,4-seco-lanostane-type triterpenes, named as 15α-hydroxy-3,4-seco-lanosta-4(28),8,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid (1), 5α-hydroxy-3,4-seco-lanosta-4(28),8,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid 3-methyl ester (2), and one new lanostane triterpene 15α-acetoxylhydroxytrametenolic acid (3) together with a known one versisponic acid D (4) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with reported data. All four compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines; however, none exhibited inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- a College of Science, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
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Ying YM, Zhang LY, Zhang X, Bai HB, Liang DE, Ma LF, Shan WG, Zhan ZJ. Terpenoids with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity from the submerged culture of Inonotus obliquus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 108:171-176. [PMID: 25446238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lanostane-type triterpenoids, inotolactones A and B, a drimane-type sesquiterpenoid, inotolactone C, and five known terpenoids 6β-hydroxy-trans-dihydroconfertifolin, inotodiol, 3β,22-dihydroxyanosta-7,9(11),24-triene, 3β-hydroxycinnamolide, and 17-hydroxy-ent-atisan-19-oic acid, were isolated from the submerged culture of chaga mushroom, Inonotus obliquus. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods, including MS and NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopic techniques. Inotolactones A and B, examples of lanostane-type triterpenoids bearing α,β-dimethyl, α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone side chains, exhibited more potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities than the positive control acarbose. This finding might be related to the anti-hyperglycemic properties of the fungus and to its popular role as a diabetes treatment. In addition, a drimane-type sesquiterpenoid and an atisane-type diterpenoid were isolated from I. obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Min Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Lin-Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou East China Pharmaceutical Group, 866 Moganshan Road, Hangzhou 310011, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Bai
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou East China Pharmaceutical Group, 866 Moganshan Road, Hangzhou 310011, PR China
| | - Dong-E Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Lie-Feng Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Wei-Guang Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Zha-Jun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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Wang W, Dong H, Yan R, Li H, Li P, Chen P, Yang B, Wang Z. Comparative study of lanostane-type triterpene acids in different parts of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf by UHPLC-Fourier transform MS and UHPLC-triple quadruple MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 102:203-14. [PMID: 25282601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine, and approximately 10% of traditional Chinese medicinal preparations contain this material, according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Although the epidermis (fulingpi in Chinese, or FLP) and the inner parts (baifuling in Chinese, or BFL) of P. cocos had different therapeutic applications in history, studies pertaining to a comparative analysis of their chemical constituents have been scarce. UHPLC-DAD-FT/MS(n) has been used in the current study to identify the triterpene acids present in fungus based on a detailed analysis of the fragmentation behavior of 13 standard compounds. This analysis allowed for the identification of 27 triterpene acids, including five groups of isomers and four potential new compounds. Furthermore, a UHPLC-MS/MS method has been developed for quantifying the amounts of nine bioactive triterpene acids in samples of the FLP and BFL, including three 3,4-seco-lanostane-type triterpene acids. These results revealed significant differences in the amounts of these compounds in the FLP and BFL samples. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis of the results for the FLP and BFL samples clearly demonstrated that dehydrotumulosic acid, trametenolic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid and poricoic acid A were the main compounds contributing to the clusters in FLP and BFL. The observed differences in the chemical compositions of FLP and BFL could provide some explanation of the differences in their clinic applications. This study represents the first reported comprehensive analysis of lanostane-type triterpene acids in FLP and BFL parts of P. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Renyi Yan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Pengyue Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- Wuhan Polythechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
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Wang P, Wang B, Xu J, Sun J, Yan Q, Ji B, Zhao Y, Yu Z. Detection and Chemical Profiling of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan Decoction by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Hybrid Linear Ion Trap-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:263-73. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Effect of revulsive cultivation on the yield and quality of newly formed sclerotia in medicinal Wolfiporia cocos. J Nat Med 2014; 68:576-85. [PMID: 24799082 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Wolfiporia cocos is a well-known medicinal mushroom widely used in China, Japan and other Asiatic countries for its various therapeutic effects. 'Revulsive cultivation' is a newly developed method for promoting sclerotia growth in W. cocos field cultivation in China. In this report, we have systematically examined the effects of 'revulsive cultivation' on the yield and quality of newly formed sclerotia. The results showed that the genetic differences between the cultivated strain and the revulsive strain of T1 used in this study did not affect the formation process of new, large sclerotia in which the mycelia of the cultivated strain grew on pine logs directionally assembled on the revulsive strain. Additionally, 'revulsive cultivation', in which the cultivated strain and the revulsive strain used had the same or different genotypes, could remarkably increase the yield, lower the water content, and increase the water-soluble polysaccharide content of the newly formed sclerotia. Moreover, we observed that the changes in the values of the tested economic traits obtained from different genotype combinations through 'revulsive cultivation' were dissimilar. The correlations of these changes with the original sclerotium-forming ability of the cultivated strains and the genetic differences between the cultivated strain and the revulsive strain were not significant. These results will broaden our knowledge regarding the field cultivation of this medical fungus, stimulate new thinking on the study of sclerotium formation in some sclerotium-forming fungi, and promote further studies on the mechanism of sclerotium formation in W. cocos.
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Ling Y, Li Z, Chen M, Sun Z, Fan M, Huang C. Analysis of multiple constituents in Cong-Ming-Tang, a Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of amnesia, by high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:677-688. [PMID: 23839964 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cong-Ming-Tang (CMT), named smart-soup in English, is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of amnesia in China. However, the isolation, purification and identification procedures of the major bioactive constituents in CMT are difficult and time consuming. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF/MS/MS) method that could be applied to rapidly separate and identify the major bioactive constituents in CMT. METHODS Methanolic extract of CMT was used for HPLC-QTOF/MS/MS analysis. Separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC- C18 column (2.7 ×100 mm .i.d., 2.7 µm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase under gradient conditions. Both positive and negative ion modes were employed. RESULTS This analytical tool allowed the identification of 55 compounds from CMT formulae by comparing their retention times and MS spectra with those of authentic compounds or literature data in both positive and negative ion modes, including 4 xanthone C-glycosides, 4 sucrose esters, 11 oligosaccharide multi-esters,15 triterpene saponins, 15 triterpene acids, 2 lignans and 4 phenylpropanoids. Onjisaponin MF was tentatively elucidated as a new triterpene saponin based on the summarised fragmentation rules. CONCLUSION HPLC-QTOF/MS/MS provides a new powerful approach to identify the major chemical constituents in CMT rapidly and accurately. This study proposed a series of potential bioactive components without preparative isolation from the crude extract of CMT and indicated that the HPLC-QTOF/MS/MS method also can be a promising tool for the analysis of other traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ling
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Hong R, Shen MH, Xie XH, Ruan SM. Inhibition of breast cancer metastasis via PITPNM3 by pachymic acid. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1877-80. [PMID: 22901140 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women. Thus, seeking targets of breast tumor cells is an attractive goal towards improving clinical treatment. The present study showed that CCL18 from tumor-associated macrophages could promote breast cancer metastasis via PITPNM3. In addition, we found that pachymic acid (PA) could dose-dependently inhibit migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, with or without rCCL18 stimulation. Furthermore, evidence was obtained that PA could suppress the phosphorylation of PITPNM3 and the combination of CCL18 and PITPNM3. Therefore, we speculate that PA could inhibit breast cancer metastasis via PITPNM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Hong
- Department of Breast, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Ríos JL, Andújar I, Recio MC, Giner RM. Lanostanoids from fungi: a group of potential anticancer compounds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2016-2044. [PMID: 23092389 DOI: 10.1021/np300412h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lanostanes are a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids derived from lanosterol. They have relevant biological and pharmacological properties, such as their cytotoxic effects via induction of apoptosis. This review compiles the most relevant lanostanoids studied from 2000 to 2011, principally those isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and other related fungi, such as Poria cocos, Laetiporus sulphureus, Inonotus obliquus, Antrodia camphorata, Daedalea dickinsii, and Elfvingia applanata, which have great potential as anticancer agents because of their cytotoxic or apoptotic effects. The compounds were selected on the basis of their proapoptotic mechanisms, through their ability to modify transcriptional activities via nuclear factors or genes and the activation or inhibition of pro- or antiapoptotic proteins; studies based only on their cytotoxicity were excluded from this review in the absence of complementary studies on their mechanisms of action. A total of 81 compounds from Ganoderma lucidum and other species from this genus are included, as well as 96 compounds isolated from other fungi, principally Poria cocos. Some of these compounds were found to arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase, increase levels of p53 and Bax, or inhibit the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 or the activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Other lanostanes have inhibitory effects on the growth of androgen prostate carcinoma through increasing the expression of p21, which activates the tumor suppressor protein p53, while other compounds have been shown to selectively inhibit topo II activity without affecting topo I. General considerations concerning the chemical structure-biological activities of these compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia , Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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She G, Zhu N, Wang S, Liu Y, Ba Y, Sun C, Shi R. New lanostane-type triterpene acids from wolfiporia extensa. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:39. [PMID: 22559059 PMCID: PMC3443061 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried sclerotia of Wolfiporia extensa (Polyporaceae) is used to invigorate the spleen and to tranquilize the mind in Chinese herbal medicine. Lanostane-type triterpene acids were regard as major secondary metabolites from dried sclerotia of W. extensa. RESULTS Three new lanostane-type triterpene acids, 3-epi-benzoyloxyl-dehydrotumulosic acid (1), 3-epi-(3'-O-methyl malonyloxy)-dehydrotumulosic acid (2) and 3-epi-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylglutaryloxyl)-dehydrotumulosic acid (3), were isolated from the sclerotia of W. extensa, together with 3 known lanostane derivatives (4-6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D-NMR techniques. CONCLUSION Six lanostane derivatives including three new triterpene acids and three known compounds were reported from the sclerotia of W. extensa in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No, 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing District, Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China.
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Comparative pharmacokinetics of three triterpene acids in rat plasma after oral administration of Poria extract and its formulated herbal preparation: GuiZhi-FuLing capsule. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yukawa H, Ishikawa S, Kawanishi T, Tamesada M, Tomi H. Direct Cytotoxicity of Lentinula edodes Mycelia Extract on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1014-21. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yukawa
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Satoru Ishikawa
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Kawanishi
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Makoto Tamesada
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Hironori Tomi
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Ling Y, Chen M, Wang K, Sun Z, Li Z, Wu B, Huang C. Systematic screening and characterization of the major bioactive components of Poria cocos and their metabolites in rats by LC-ESI-MS(n). Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:1109-17. [PMID: 22213174 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos is a well-known medicinal plant widely used in China and other East Asian countries owing to its various therapeutic effects. However, the bioactive constituents responsible for the pharmacological effects of Poria cocos and their metabolites in vivo are still unclear to date. The aim of the present study was to develop a practical method based on the combined use of the liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS(n) ) for the comprehensive and systematic separation and characterization of the bioactive constituents of Poria cocos extract and their metabolites in rats. Based on the proposed strategy, a total of 34 compounds were characterized from the extract of Poria cocos. Among them, eight were unambiguously identified by comparing their retention times and mass spectra with those of reference standards, and 26 were tentatively identified on the basis of their MS(n) fragmentation behaviors and molecular weight information from literatures. In vivo, seven compounds were successfully detected in rat urine whereas one was found in rat plasma. This study proposed a series of potential bioactive components and provided helpful chemical information for further research on the action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ling
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Chang MS, Choi MJ, Park SY, Park SK. Inhibitory effects of Hoelen extract on melanogenesis in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Phytother Res 2011; 24:1359-64. [PMID: 20812279 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Melanin synthesis is regulated by melanogenic proteins, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2. The effects of Hoelen extract on melanogenesis were investigated in B16Fl murine melanoma cells. Specifically, tyrosinase activity, cell viability and melanin content were assayed, and western blotting and RT-PCR for tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 conducted. The results show that Hoelen significantly inhibited melanin synthesis through inhibition of TRP-2 expression, while it did not affect tyrosinase activity or its expression. Taken together, RT-PCR results showed that the depigmentation effect of Hoelen may be due to inhibition of TRP-2 gene transcription. These results suggest that Hoelen may be a useful inhibitor for the attenuation of melanogenesis and hyperpigmentation in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Seog Chang
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kikuchi T, Uchiyama E, Ukiya M, Tabata K, Kimura Y, Suzuki T, Akihisa T. Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities of triterpene acids from Poria cocos. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:137-144. [PMID: 21250700 DOI: 10.1021/np100402b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Six lanostane-type triterpene acids (1a-6a), isolated from Poria cocos , and their methyl ester (1b-6b) and hydroxy derivatives (1c-6c) were prepared. Upon evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of these compounds against leukemia (HL60), lung (A549), melanoma (CRL1579), ovary (NIH:OVCAR-3), breast (SK-BR-3), prostate (DU145), stomach (AZ521), and pancreas (PANC-1) cancer cell lines, 11 compounds (5a, 6a, 2b-5b, 1c, and 3c-6c) exhibited activity with single-digit micromolar IC(50) values against one or more cell lines. Poricotriol A (1c), a hydroxy derivative of poricoic acid A (1a), exhibited potent cytotoxicities against six cell lines with IC(50) values of 1.2-5.5 μM. Poricotriol A induced typical apoptotic cell death in HL60 and A549 cells on evaluation of the apoptosis-inducing activity by flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analysis in HL60 cells showed that poricotriol A activated caspases-3, -8, and -9, while increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. This suggested that poricotriol A induced apoptosis via both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in HL60. On the other hand, poricotriol A did not activate caspases-3, -8, and -9, but induced translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in A549. This suggested that poricotriol A induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway mostly by translocation of AIF, independent from the caspase pathway in A549. Furthermore, poricotriol A was shown to possess high selective toxicity in lung cancer cells since it exhibited only weak cytotoxicity against a normal lung cell line (WI-38).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kikuchi
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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