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Alkubaisi BO, Ravi A, Srikanth G, Sebastian A, Khanfar MA, El-Gamal MI, Sieburth SM, Shahin AI, Al-Tel TH. Divergent Protocol for the Synthesis of Isoquinolino[1,2- b]quinazolinone and Isoquinolino[2,1- a]quinazolinone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4244-4253. [PMID: 36926917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of robust and step-economic strategies to access structurally diverse drug-like compound collections remains a challenge. A distinct structural option that constitutes the core scaffold of many biologically significant molecules is the quinazolinone ring system. Several members of this family of privileged substructures have gained attention due to their diverse biological activities. In this context, the development of an efficient strategy for their access is needed. Herein, we report a divergent metal-free operation to access a diverse collection of C6-substituted pyrrolo[4',3',2':4,5]isoquinolino[1,2-b]quinazolin-8(6H)-one and pyrrolo[4',3',2':4,5]isoquinolino[2,1-a]quinazolin-12(6H)-one architectures. The described cascade unites Friedel-Crafts and aza-Michael addition reactions. This operationally simple protocol enables a rapid access to these scaffolds and is compatible with a wide scope of starting materials. In addition, the cascade features a promising approach for the design of unique compound libraries for drug design and discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal O Alkubaisi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anil Ravi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gourishetty Srikanth
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anusha Sebastian
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Monther A Khanfar
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Scott McN Sieburth
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 201 Beury Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Afnan I Shahin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Abe T, Yamada K. Concise Syntheses of Hyrtioreticulins C and D via a C-4 Pictet-Spengler Reaction: Revised Signs of Specific Rotations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:241-245. [PMID: 28134528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The first syntheses of hyrtioreticulins C and D via a Pictet-Spengler reaction at the C-4 position of the indole rings are described. The synthesis proceeds in only two steps from commercially available starting materials. In this Communication, the structures of the natural products were confirmed. Furthermore, we revise the signs of the specific rotations of hyrtioreticulins C and D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan
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The Chiral Pool in the Pictet-Spengler Reaction for the Synthesis of β-Carbolines. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060699. [PMID: 27240334 PMCID: PMC6274020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pictet–Spengler reaction (PSR) is the reaction of a β-arylethylamine with an aldehyde or ketone, followed by ring closure to give an aza-heterocycle. When the β-arylethylamine is tryptamine, the product is a β-carboline, a widespread skeleton in natural alkaloids. In the natural occurrence, these compounds are generally enantiopure, thus the asymmetric synthesis of these compounds have been attracting the interest of organic chemists. This review aims to give an overview of the asymmetric PSR, in which the chirality arises from optically pure amines or carbonyl compounds both from natural sources and from asymmetric syntheses to assemble the reaction partners.
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de Carné-Carnavalet B, Krieger JP, Folléas B, Brayer JL, Demoute JP, Meyer C, Cossy J. Diastereodivergent Pictet-Spengler Cyclization of BicyclicN-Acyliminium Ions: Controlling a Quaternary Stereocenter. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hong BC, Liao WK, Dange NS, Liao JH. One-Pot Organocatalytic Enantioselective Domino Double-Michael Reaction and Pictet-Spengler–Lactamization Reaction. A Facile Entry to the “Inside Yohimbane” System with Five Contiguous Stereogenic Centers. Org Lett 2013; 15:468-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3032329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Kai Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nitin S. Dange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ju-Hsiou Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621 Taiwan, R.O.C
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Lebold TP, Wood JL, Deitch J, Lodewyk MW, Tantillo DJ, Sarpong R. A divergent approach to the synthesis of the yohimbinoid alkaloids venenatine and alstovenine. Nat Chem 2012; 5:126-31. [PMID: 23344433 PMCID: PMC3556932 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The yohimbinoid alkaloids continue to receive considerable attention from the synthetic community because of their interesting chemical structures and varied biological activity. Although there are several elegant syntheses of certain members of this group of alkaloids, a truly unified approach has yet to be developed. In short, general approaches to this compound class are hampered by a lack of complete control in setting the C(3) stereocentre at a late stage. Herein, we report that a functionalized hydrindanone enables a divergent strategy that builds on existing precedent to address this long-standing challenge. Utilizing an aminonitrile intermediate, the stereochemistry at C(3) of the yohimbinoid skeleton can be controlled effectively in a Pictet-Spengler reaction. We applied this approach to the first total syntheses of the C(3) epimeric natural products venenatine and alstovenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry P Lebold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Stöckigt J, Antonchick AP, Wu F, Waldmann H. Die Pictet-Spengler-Reaktion in der Natur und der organischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201008071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Stöckigt J, Antonchick AP, Wu F, Waldmann H. The Pictet-Spengler reaction in nature and in organic chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8538-64. [PMID: 21830283 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are an important class of natural products that are widely distributed in nature and produced by a large variety of organisms. They have a wide spectrum of biological activity and for many years were used in folk medicine. These days, alkaloids also have numerous applications in medicine as therapeutic agents. The importance of these natural products in inspiring drug discovery programs is proven and, therefore, their continued synthesis is of significant interest. The condensation discovered by Pictet and Spengler is the most important method for the synthesis of alkaloid scaffolds. The power of this synthesis method has been convincingly proven in the construction of stereochemicaly and structurally complex alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Stöckigt
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Xiang J, Zhu T, Dang Q, Bai X. Stereochemistry as a Tool in Deciphering the Processes of a Tandem Iminium Cyclization and Smiles Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8147-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101798p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Xiang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhu
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Qun Dang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
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Fang H, Wu X, Nie L, Dai X, Chen J, Cao W, Zhao G. Diastereoselective Syntheses of Indoloquinolizidines by a Pictet−Spengler/Lactamization Cascade. Org Lett 2010; 12:5366-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101922h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linlin Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiguo Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Van Linn ML, Cook JM. Mechanistic studies on the cis to trans epimerization of trisubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3587-99. [PMID: 20429580 PMCID: PMC2911483 DOI: 10.1021/jo1003778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that N(b)-benzyltryptophan alkyl esters undergo the Pictet-Spengler reaction with aldehydes to furnish both cis- and trans-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines, with the trans isomer predominating. Epimerization at C-1 took place under acidic conditions to produce, exclusively, the thermodynamically more stable trans diastereomer via internal asymmetric induction. Recent kinetic experiments provided insight into the cis to trans epimerization mechanism involved in the Pictet-Spengler reaction of 1,2,3-trisubstituted tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. Since the epimerization reaction had been shown to be sensitive to electronic effects at C-1, the rate data for a series of 1-phenyl-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines was investigated via a Hammett study. Analysis of the data supported the presence of a positively charged intermediate with a rho value of -1.4, although the existence of an iminium ion intermediate or a carbocationic intermediate could not be determined from this data alone. Analysis of the rate of epimerization demonstrated first-order kinetics with respect to TFA following the initial protonation of the substrate. This observation was consistent with the formation of a doubly protonated intermediate as the rate-determining step in the carbocation-mediated cis to trans epimerization process. In addition, the observed first-order rate dependence was inconsistent with the retro-Pictet-Spengler mechanism since protonation at the indole-2 position was not rate determining as demonstrated by kinetic isotope effects. Based on this kinetic data, the retro-Pictet-Spengler pathway was ruled out for the cis to trans epimerization of 1,2,3-trisubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines, while the olefinic mechanism had been ruled out by experiments carried out in TFA-d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Van Linn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211
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Kumpaty HJ, Van Linn ML, Kabir MS, Försterling FH, Deschamps JR, Cook JM. Study of the cis to trans isomerization of 1-phenyl-2,3-disubstituted tetrahydro-beta-carbolines at C(1). Evidence for the carbocation-mediated mechanism. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2771-9. [PMID: 19275130 PMCID: PMC2758420 DOI: 10.1021/jo8028168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to shed light on the mechanism of the epimerization of cis-1,2,3-trisubstituted tetrahydro-beta-carbolines into the trans isomers via a potential carbocationic intermediate at C(1). In order to study the pathway involved in C(1)-N(2) bond cleavage, the electronic character of the carbon atom at C-1 was altered by substitution of electron-rich and electron-poor phenyl rings at this position. This provided direct evidence of the effects of charge at the proposed site of the carbocationic intermediate. In this regard, a diverse set of 1-(phenyl substituted)-2-benzyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines has been synthesized via the Pictet-Spengler reaction by condensation of l-tryptophan derivatives with electron-poor and electron-rich aromatic aldehydes. The epimers involved in the isomerization mechanism were investigated by dynamic (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The kinetic studies, which involved conversion of cis diastereomers into their trans counterparts, were carried out in dilute TFA/CH(2)Cl(2). The 1-(4-methoxyphenyl) cis diastereomer epimerized at a much faster rate into the corresponding trans diastereomer than the related 1-(4-nitrophenyl) cis diastereomer epimerized. These observations provide support for the carbocationic intermediate in the C(1)-N(2) scission process. The understanding of this epimerization process is of importance when Pictet-Spengler reactions are carried out under acidic conditions during the synthesis of indole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hephzibah J Kumpaty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, USA
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Gödecke T, Lankin DC, Nikolic D, Chen SN, van Breemen RB, Farnsworth NR, Pauli GF. Guanidine alkaloids and Pictet-Spengler adducts from black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:433-7. [PMID: 19220011 PMCID: PMC2765500 DOI: 10.1021/np8006952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As an extension of work on the recently discovered nitrogenous metabolites from Cimicifuga/Actaea species, three new guanidine alkaloids have been isolated and characterized from C. racemosa (syn. A. racemosa) roots. Of these, cyclo-cimipronidine (1) and cimipronidine methyl ester (2) are congeners of cimipronidine (3), whereas dopargine (5) is a derivative of dopamine. By employing NMR- and MS-guided chemodiversity profiling of a polar serotonergic (5-HT(7)) fraction, the guanidine alkaloids were initially detected in a clinical extract of black cohosh and were isolated along with a congener of salsolinol 4, 5, and 3-hydroxytyrosol 3-O-glucoside (7). The structures of 1, 2, and 5 were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as LC-MS and HRMS spectroscopy. A plausible biosynthetic relationship may be inferred between the homoproline-analogue cimipronidines and the dopamine-derived Cimicifuga alkaloids. These strongly basic and frequently zwitterionic nitrogenous metabolites contribute considerable chemical diversity to the polar serotonergic fraction of black cohosh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gödecke
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - David C. Lankin
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Norman R. Farnsworth
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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Xiao S, Lu X, Shi XX, Sun Y, Liang LL, Yu XH, Dong J. Syntheses of chiral 1,3-disubstituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines via CIAT process: highly stereoselective Pictet–Spengler reaction of d-tryptophan ester hydrochlorides with various aldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chapter 5.2: Five-membered ring systems: pyrroles and benzo analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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