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Hou W, Huang LJ, Huang H, Liu SL, Dai W, Li ZM, Zhang ZY, Xin SY, Wang JY, Zhang ZY, Ouyang X, Lan JX. Bioactivities and Mechanisms of Action of Diphyllin and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7874. [PMID: 38067601 PMCID: PMC10707837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are treasure houses for modern drug discovery. Diphyllin is a natural arylnaphthalene lignan lactone isolated from the leaf of Astilboides tabularis. Studies have found that it possesses plenty of bioactivity characteristics. In this paper, we reviewed the structure, bioactivity, and mechanism of action of diphyllin and its derivatives. The references were obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases up to August 2023. Papers without a bio-evaluation were excluded. Diphyllin and its derivatives have demonstrated V-ATPase inhibition, anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-biofilm, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities. The most studied activities of diphyllin and its derivatives are V-ATPase inhibition, anti-tumor activities, and anti-virus activities. Furthermore, V-ATPase inhibition activity is the mechanism of many bioactivities, including anti-tumor, anti-virus, and anti-inflammatory activities. We also found that the galactosylated modification of diphyllin is a common phenomenon in plants, and therefore, galactosylated modification is applied by researchers in the laboratory to obtain more excellent diphyllin derivatives. This review will provide useful information for the development of diphyllin-based anti-tumor and anti-virus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Sheng-Lan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Zeng-Min Li
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Su-Ya Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Jin-Yang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Zi-Yun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Xi Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Tchegnitegni Toussie B, Nguengang RT, Mawabo IK, Teponno RB, Kezetas Bankeu JJ, Chouna JR, Nkenfou CN, Tapondjou LA, Sewald N, Lenta BN. Bioactive Arylnaphthalide Lignans from Justicia depauperata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2731-2739. [PMID: 36469853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Eleven previously undescribed arylnaphthalide lignans (1-11) together with seven known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Justicia depauperata. The structures of 1-11 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry. Compounds 6 (IC50 = 4.1 μM) and 9 (IC50 = 9.5 μM) displayed cytotoxic activity against the KB-3-1 cervical carcinoma cell line. This report provides an insight into the conformational equilibria occurring in the arylnaphthalide lignan constituents of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Tchegnitegni Toussie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ruland Tchuinkeu Nguengang
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Isabelle Kamga Mawabo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Rémy Bertrand Teponno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jean Jules Kezetas Bankeu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Jean Rodolphe Chouna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Celine Ngeufeu Nkenfou
- Department of Biology, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Léon Azefack Tapondjou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Wei K, Sun Y, Xu Y, Hu W, Ma Y, Lu Y, Chen W, Zhang H. Total synthesis of justicidin B, justicidin E, and taiwanin C: A general and flexible approach toward the synthesis of natural arylnaphthalene lactone lignans. Front Chem 2022; 10:1103554. [PMID: 36618865 PMCID: PMC9815507 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans are widely present in traditional medicinal plants. Many natural arylnaphthalene lactone lignans (NALLs) isolated from the genera Justicia, Haplophyllum, and Phyllanthus possess interesting biological activities. Herein, we report a general strategy for the total synthesis of this kind of lignans. Features of this new approach are an aryl-alkyl Suzuki cross-coupling to introduce the dioxinone unit, a cation-induced cyclization to construct the aryl dihydronaphthalene, and base-mediated oxidative aromatization to furnish the arylnaphthalene core. By incorporating these key transformations, the total syntheses of justicidins B and E and taiwanin C covered type I and type II NALLs were accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China,Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain’s Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yucui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiren Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Wen Chen, ; Hongbin Zhang,
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Wen Chen, ; Hongbin Zhang,
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Xu XY, Wang DY, Ku CF, Zhao Y, Cheng H, Liu KL, Rong LJ, Zhang HJ. Anti-HIV lignans from Justicia procumbens. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:945-952. [PMID: 31882050 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one lignans including three new ones (1, 2 and 13) were isolated from Justicia procumbens. The chemical structures of the new lignans were determined by spectroscopic means including 1D and 2D NMR analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities. The new secoisolariciresinol dimethyl ether acetate (13) exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity with an IC50 value of 5.27 μmol·L-1 and a selective index (SI) value of 2.2. The known arylnaphthalene lignan procumbenoside A (3) and diphyllin (8) demonstrated inhibitory activity against HIV-1 with IC50 values of 4.95 (SI > 6.2) and 0.38 μmol·L-1 (SI = 5.3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ya Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Dong-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuen-Fai Ku
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Kang-Lun Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-Jun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Shen Q, Wang H, Li S, Feng J, Song G, Zhang Y, Ma J, Wang H. Development of a mesoporous silica based solid‐phase extraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–MS/MS method for quantifying lignans in
Justicia procumbens. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:379-385. [PMID: 32040861 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou P. R. China
- Institute of SeafoodZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Honghai Wang
- Institute of SeafoodZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Aquatic Products Quality Inspection Center of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Junli Feng
- Institute of SeafoodZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Gongshuai Song
- Institute of SeafoodZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Institute of SeafoodZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou P. R. China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou P. R. China
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Ren Y, Carcache de Blanco EJ, Fuchs JR, Soejarto DD, Burdette JE, Swanson SM, Kinghorn AD. Potential Anticancer Agents Characterized from Selected Tropical Plants. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:657-679. [PMID: 30830783 PMCID: PMC6441492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants are well known for their value in affording clinically useful anticancer agents, with such compounds acting against cancer cells by a range of mechanisms of action. There remains a strong interest in the discovery and development of plant secondary metabolites as additional cancer chemotherapeutic lead compounds. In the present review, progress on the discovery of plant-derived compounds of the biflavonoid, lignan, sesquiterpene, steroid, and xanthone structural types is presented. Several potential anticancer leads of these types have been characterized from tropical plants collected in three countries as part of our ongoing collaborative multi-institutional project. Preliminary structure-activity relationships and work on in vivo testing and cellular mechanisms of action are also discussed. In addition, the relevant work reported by other groups on the same compound classes is included herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Esperanza J. Carcache de Blanco
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - James R. Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Djaja D. Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - Joanna E. Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Steven M. Swanson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Organic Extract of Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Leaf Inhibits Interferon-γ Secretion and Has Bacteriostatic Activity against Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5762368. [PMID: 30210574 PMCID: PMC6126107 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5762368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Justicia pectoralis Jacq. (Acanthaceae) leaves currently found in the Brazilian north-east are widely used to treat diabetes, menstrual pains, asthma, and other disorders. This work aimed to identify the phytochemical characterization and biological activities of J. pectoralis leaf extracts. The plant material was ground and the crude extracts were obtained with water or acetone: water (7:3 v/v), yielding aqueous (JPA), and organic (JPO) extracts. Phytochemical characterization was performed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay and trypan blue (TB) exclusion assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), BALB/c splenocytes, and neoplastic cells (TOLEDO, K562, DU-145, and PANC-1) at 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the microdilution test to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Cytokines, IFN-γ, and IL-17A from culture supernatants of BALB/c mice splenocytes were measured by sandwich ELISA. In the TLC analysis, both JPA and JPO extracts presented coumarin and flavonoids. In addition, HPLC was able to identify coumarin, apigenin, and ellagic acid in both extracts. JPO IC50 was 57.59 ± 1.03 μg/mL (MTT) and 69.44 ± 8.08 μg/mL (TB) in TOLEDO. MIC value of JPO against Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 500 μg/mL. JPO (100 μg/mL) significantly inhibited IFN-γ levels (p=0.03). J. pectoralis is a potential candidate to be further investigated as an IFN-γ inhibitory agent and against Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Youm J, Lee H, Chang HB, Jeon J, Yoon MH, Woo JY, Choi MS, Hwang Y, Seong S, Na K, Yoon J. Justicia procumbens Extract (DW2008) Selectively Suppresses Th2 Cytokines in Splenocytes and Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Asthma. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1416-1422. [PMID: 28867724 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DW2008 is an anhydrous ethanol extract of Justicia procumbens produced by Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical, Inc., Co. as a candidate anti-asthmatic drug. In this study, DW2008 selectively reduced T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines in mouse splenocytes and ameliorated ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by downregulating pulmonary infiltration of differential inflammatory cells and Th2 cytokines more than a decoction or ethanol extract of J. procumbens did in a mouse asthma model. DW2008 also significantly inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness and reduced the thickness of the airway epithelium. HPLC analysis showed that the major peaks (justicidin A and B) of DW2008 were higher than those of the other extracts. Justicidin A and B significantly suppressed Th2 cytokine levels in mouse spleen cells and exhibited a protective effect in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation. Our findings indicate that DW2008 effectively inhibits allergic airway inflammatory reactions and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma, suggesting its potential as an anti-asthmatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Youm
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company
| | - Hyunyong Lee
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company
| | | | - Jihyun Jeon
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company
| | - Mi Hee Yoon
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company
| | - Ji Young Woo
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company
| | - Min-Soo Choi
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company.,School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Yunha Hwang
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company
| | | | - Kyuheum Na
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company
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Liu B, Yang Y, Liu H, Xie Z, Li Q, Deng M, Li F, Peng J, Wu H. Screening for cytotoxic chemical constituents from Justicia procumbens by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and NMR. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:6. [PMID: 29372338 PMCID: PMC5785455 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Acanthaceae family is an important source of therapeutic drugs and ethno medicines. There are many famous medicinal plants from this family, such as Andrographis paniculata, Baphicacanthus cusia, and Dicliptera chinensis. Justicia procumbens (J. procumbens) is widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical of the world. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for cancer. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed the ethyl acetate extract of J. procumbens had a cytotoxic activity. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents in the ethyl acetate extract was important for understanding its pharmacological mechanism. Results A high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry procedure was established. Eleven dibenzylbutanes and four arylnaphthalenes were confirmed by HPLC–DAD–ESI–QTOF–MS analysis. A novel dibenzylbutane (5-methoxy-4,4′-di-O-methylsecolariciresinol-9′-monoacetate) and seven isomers of arylnaphthalene were isolated and characterized by NMR and QTOF–MS. Compounds 1, 2, and 13 were detected for the first time. The content of six lignans were determinated in the ethyl acetate extract. Conclusions This study showed that the cytotoxic activity assay of J. procumbens could be mainly attributed to the constituents of lignans. The bioactivity of the ethyl acetate extract and determined compounds support the traditional use of this plant in cancer. These chemical constituents may be developed as novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (WIPM) of Chinese Academy of Sciences, West No.30 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhoutao Xie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qun Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Meng Deng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Fangping Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jingling Peng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hezhen Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Henkin JM, Ren Y, Soejarto DD, Kinghorn AD. The Search for Anticancer Agents from Tropical Plants. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 107:1-94. [PMID: 30178270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93506-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many of the clinically used anticancer agents in Western medicine are derived from secondary metabolites found in terrestrial microbes, marine organisms, and higher plants, with additional compounds of this type being currently in clinical trials. If plants are taken specifically, it is generally agreed that the prospects of encountering enhanced small organic-molecule chemical diversity are better if tropical rather than temperate species are investigated in drug discovery efforts. Plant collection in tropical source countries requires considerable preparation and organization to conduct in a responsible manner that abides by the provisions of the 1992 Rio Convention of Biological Diversity and the 2010 Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources. Correct taxonomic identifications and enhanced procedures for processing and documenting plant samples when collected in often difficult terrain are required. Phytochemical aspects of the work involve solvent fractionation, known compound dereplication, preliminary in vitro testing, and prioritization, leading to "activity-guided fractionation", compound structure determination, and analog development. Further evaluation of lead compounds requires solubility, formulation, preliminary pharmacokinetics, and in vivo testing in suitable models. Covering the work of the authors carried out in two sequential multidisciplinary, multi-institutional research projects, examples of very promising compounds discovered from plants acquired from Africa, Southeast Asia, the Americas, and the Caribbean region, and with potential anticancer activity will be mentioned. These include plant secondary metabolites of the diphyllin lignan, cyclopenta[b]benzofuran, triterpenoid, and tropane alkaloid types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Henkin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yulin Ren
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Djaja Djendoel Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Jiang J, Dong H, Wang T, Zhao R, Mu Y, Geng Y, Zheng Z, Wang X. A Strategy for Preparative Separation of 10 Lignans from Justicia procumbens L. by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122024. [PMID: 29168751 PMCID: PMC6149811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten compounds, including three lignan glycosides and seven lignans, were purified from Justicia procumbens L. in 8 h using an efficient strategy based on high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum–ethyl acetate–methanol–H2O (1:0.7:1:0.7, v/v) was firstly employed to separate the crude extract (320 mg), from which 19.3 mg of justicidin B (f), 10.8 mg of justicidin A (g), 13.9 mg of 6′-hydroxyjusticidin C (h), 7.7 mg of justicidin E (i), 6.3 mg of lignan J1 (j) were obtained with 91.3 mg of enriched mixture of compounds a–e. The enriched mixture (91.3 mg) was further separated using the solvent system consisting of petroleum–ethyl acetate–methanol–H2O (3:3.8:3:3.8, v/v), yielding 12.1 mg of procumbenoside E (a); 7.6 mg of diphyllin-1-O-β-d-apiofuranoside (b); 7.4 mg of diphyllin (c); 8.3 mg of 6′-hydroxy justicidin B (d); and 7.9 mg of diphyllin acetyl apioside (e). The purities of the 10 components were all above 94%, and their structures were identified by NMR and ESI-MS spectra. The results demonstrated that the strategy based on HSCCC for the separation of lignans and their glycosides was efficient and rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Ruixuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yan Mu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Yanling Geng
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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12
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Won SJ, Yen CH, Hsieh HW, Chang SW, Lin CN, Huang CYF, Su CL. Using connectivity map to identify natural lignan justicidin A as a NF-κB suppressor. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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13
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Hemmati S, Seradj H. Justicidin B: A Promising Bioactive Lignan. Molecules 2016; 21:E820. [PMID: 27347906 PMCID: PMC6272961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects and drug resistance to the current onchopharmacologicals have increased the demand for alternative novel therapeutics. We herein introduce justicidin B, an arylnaphthalen lignan isolated from different plant origins, especially Justicia, Phyllanthus, Haplophyllum and Linum species. This cyclolignan exhibits a wide array of biological properties ranges from piscicidal to antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial activities. Activity against Trypanosoma brucei makes justicidin B a potential antiprotozoal agent for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases. Pharmacological properties like antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and bone resorption inhibition have been also attributed to justicidin B. This compound is a potent cytotoxic substance on several cell lines, especially chronic myeloid and chronic lymphoid leukemia. Pharmacological values, natural variation, as well as biotechnological production of justicidin B by plant cell, tissue and organ culture are also described in this review. Chemical characteristics and chromatographic methods to identify justicidin B and its biosynthetic pathway have been discussed. Different approaches to the total synthesis of justicidin B are compared. This review would shed light on the role of justicidin B as an intriguing natural compound and provides a chance to optimize conditions for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 71345-1583 Shiraz, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 71345-3119 Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hassan Seradj
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 71345-1583 Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Antiangiogenesis as the novel mechanism for justicidin A in the anticancer effect on human bladder cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:428-36. [PMID: 25569706 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Justicidin A (JA) is one of the methanol extracts of Justicia procumbens and was reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of human colon cancer cells. Using bladder cancer as a paradigm, this study was designed to identify the novel molecular basis underlying the antiangiogenic activities of JA and its potential in cancer therapy. Human bladder cancer cell lines (TSGH8301 and RT4) and immortalized uroepithelial cell lines (E6 and E7) were chosen to investigate the efficacy of JA in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in vitro. The biological effects of JA treatment in vivo were examined using a xenograft tumor model in SCID mice. JA showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation on TSGH8301 cancer cells, with IC50 values determined to be 0.44 μmol/l. Of interest, TSGH8301 cancer cells were more sensitive to JA than E7 immortalized uroepithelial cells, especially at lower concentrations. We further showed that JA inhibited the autocrine production of angiogenic factors and matrix-degrading enzymes in vitro and microvessel density in SCID mice in vivo (P< 0.01). Both differential cytotoxicity and angiogenesis inhibition of JA were confirmed by SCID mice experiments. Together, JA showed antiangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through pleiotropic positive and negative regulators of angiogenesis molecules. The current investigation supports the potential of JA as an alternative chemoprevention agent for human bladder cancer.
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15
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Yamamoto Y, Mori S, Shibuya M. A Combined Transition-Metal-Catalyzed and Photopromoted Process: Synthesis of 2,3-Fused 4-Phenylnaphthalen-1-yl Carboxylates from 1,7-Diaryl-1,6-diynes. Chemistry 2015; 21:9093-100. [PMID: 25980465 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Fused 4-phenylnaphthalen-1-yl carboxylates were synthesized in a step- and atom-economical manner using a ruthenium-catalyzed hydrocarboxylative cyclization of 1,7-diaryl-1,6-diynes and subsequent oxidative photocyclization. The scope of this novel two-step process was demonstrated by the construction of diverse structures from substrates with various tethers and terminal aryl groups. Late-stage CH functionalizations of the arylnaphthalene product further enhance the synthetic potential of the developed process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan).
| | - Shota Mori
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan)
| | - Masatoshi Shibuya
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan)
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16
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Hajdu Z, Haskó J, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I, Jedlinszki N, Fazakas C, Molnár J, Forgo P, Hohmann J, Csupor D. Evaluation of Lignans from Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra for Their Potential Antimetastatic Effects in the Brain. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2641-50. [PMID: 25479041 DOI: 10.1021/np500508y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Hajdu
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute
of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad 310414, Romania
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Molnár
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Forgo
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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17
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Ren Y, Lantvit D, Deng Y, Kanagasabai R, Gallucci JC, Ninh TN, Chai HB, Soejarto DD, Fuchs J, Yalowich JC, Yu J, Swanson SM, Kinghorn AD. Potent cytotoxic arylnaphthalene lignan lactones from Phyllanthus poilanei. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1494-504. [PMID: 24937209 PMCID: PMC4073661 DOI: 10.1021/np5002785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two new (1 and 2) and four known arylnaphthalene lignan lactones (3-6) were isolated from different plant parts of Phyllanthus poilanei collected in Vietnam, with two further known analogues (7 and 8) being prepared from phyllanthusmin C (4). The structures of the new compounds were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic data and by chemical methods, and the structure of phyllanthusmin D (1) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Several of these arylnaphthalene lignan lactones were cytotoxic toward HT-29 human colon cancer cells, with compounds 1 and 7-O-[(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)]diphyllin (7) found to be the most potent, exhibiting IC50 values of 170 and 110 nM, respectively. Compound 1 showed activity when tested in an in vivo hollow fiber assay using HT-29 cells implanted in immunodeficient NCr nu/nu mice. Mechanistic studies showed that this compound mediated its cytotoxic effects by inducing tumor cell apoptosis through activation of caspase-3, but it did not inhibit DNA topoisomerase IIα activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ren
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Daniel
D. Lantvit
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Youcai Deng
- Division
of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ragu Kanagasabai
- Division
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Judith C. Gallucci
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Tran Ngoc Ninh
- Institute
of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang
Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hee-Byung Chai
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Djaja D. Soejarto
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department
of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - James
R. Fuchs
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jack C. Yalowich
- Division
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division
of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Comprehensive
Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steven M. Swanson
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Tel: +1 614 247-8094. Fax: +1 614 247-8642. E-mail:
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18
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Weng JR, Lai IL, Yang HC, Lin CN, Bai LY. Identification of kazinol Q, a natural product from Formosan plants, as an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase. Phytother Res 2013; 28:49-54. [PMID: 23447335 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the epigenetic regulation of the transcription of a number of cancer-related genes, thereby representing an important target for cancer prevention and treatment. In our search for DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors from Formosan plants, by screening against a library consisting of 12 structurally distinct natural products, we identified kazinol Q {4-[6-(1,1-dimethyl-allyl)-7-hydroxy-chroman-2-yl]-3,6-bis-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzene-1,2-diol} as an inhibitor of recombinant DNMT1 with IC50 of 7 μM. The effect of kazinol Q on DNMT inhibition was validated by its ability to reactivate the expression of a DNA methylation-silenced gene, E-cadherin, in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, kazinol Q suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 breast and LNCaP prostate cancer cells, in part, through apoptosis induction. The role of DNMT1 inhibition in mediating kazinol Q's antiproliferative effect was supported by the protective effect of ectopic expression of DNMT1 on kazinol Q-induced cell death. Molecular modeling analysis suggests that kazinol Q inhibited DNMT activity by competing with cytosine binding, a mechanism similar to that described for (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Relative to EGCG, kazinol Q exhibits several desirable features for drug development, including chemical stability and increased hydrophobicity, and might have therapeutic relevance to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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19
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Esfandiari E, Jin Z, Abdeen A, Griffiths JS, Western TL, Haughn GW. Identification and analysis of an outer-seed-coat-specific promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 81:93-104. [PMID: 23115000 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of the Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seed coat epidermal cells involves pronounced changes highlighted by the synthesis and secretion of copious amounts of dispensable, pectinaceous mucilage followed by a thick cellulosic secondary cell wall. This cell type, therefore, represents an excellent molecular-genetic model to study the biosynthesis and modification of cell wall components, particularly pectin. To support such research, we sought to identify a promoter that drives expression specifically in the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermis. Arabidopsis seed coat microarray data was analysed for genes expressed in the wild type seed coat but not the seed coat of the apetala2 mutant where the epidermal cells fail to differentiate. Of 14 candidate genes, 9 showed a seed-specific expression pattern by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Transcriptional regulatory region-β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene fusions introduced into Arabidopsis identified one promoter, that of the DIRIGENT PROTEIN1 (DP1) gene, as seed coat specific. The specificity of the expression was confirmed using a second reporter gene, Citrine YFP. Expression of both reporter genes was limited to the epidermal and palisade cell layers of the seed coat. Quantitative PCR data using wild type seed coat RNA suggested that the promoter is particularly active at 7 days post anthesis. The DP1 promoter was able to direct transcription of GUS in a similar pattern in the Brassica napus seed coat. Thus, in addition to its application in studying the plant cell wall, this promoter will provide an experimental tool for expressing high-valued recombinant proteins as well as modifying seed coat traits in economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Esfandiari
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
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20
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Rezanka T, Rezanka P, Sigler K. Glycosides of arylnaphthalene lignans from Acanthus mollis having axial chirality. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1049-1054. [PMID: 19559451 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycosides of arylnaphthalene lignans having axial chirality were isolated from Acanthus mollis. Owing to the axial chirality, their structure, including absolute configuration, was determined by means of extensive spectroscopic data such as UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and computational chiroptical methods. A compound, 2',4-dihydroxyretrohelioxanthin (2'-hydroxy-justirumalin), has a structure containing two aromatic moieties with substituents hindering rotation about the biaryl axis. The aglycone was connected to a saccharide moiety linked at C-4 or C-2' and made up of one or four sugars (rhamnose or quinovose, and tetrasaccharide 4-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1'''''-6'')-O-[beta-D-rhamnopyranosyl-(1''''-3'')]-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1''''-2'')-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and quinovose). Two mono- and one tetraglycoside gave positive results in the sea urchin eggs test (Paracentrotus lividus) of cytotoxicity and in a crown gall tumor on potato disks test (Agrobacterium tumefaciens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Rezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Vídenská 1083, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
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21
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Lu YH, Wei BL, Ko HH, Lin CN. DNA strand-scission by phloroglucinols and lignans from heartwood of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. and Justicia plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:225-33. [PMID: 17686498 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Five 2,4,6-prenylated phloroglucinols, garcinielliptones HA (1), HB (2), HC (3), HD (4) and HE (5), were isolated from the heartwood of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. Their structures, including relative configurations, were elucidated by means of spectroscopic data analysis. The ability of phloroglucinols, 1-5 and lignans, tuberculatin (8), justicidin A (9), procumbenoside A (10) and ciliatosides A (11) and B (12), isolated from Justicia ciliata and Justicia procumbens, to induce DNA-cleavage activity was examined using pBR322, a supercoiled, covalently closed circular DNA, and it was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. In the presence of Cu (II), compounds 3, 8, 10 and 11 caused significant breakage of supercoiled plasmid pBR322. The products were relaxed circles with no detectable linear forms. In the Cu(II)-mediated DNA damage of 3 and selective compound 8, Cu(I) was shown not to be an essential intermediate by using the Cu(I)-specific sequestering reagent neocuproine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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22
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Hu JF, Starks CM, Garo E, Hough GW, Rice SM, Goering MG, O'Neil-Johnson M, Eldridge GR. Laxanol, a new 2,5-Diaryl-3,4-Dihydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran Type Lignan from Justicia Laxa. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.3184/030823408x282677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The unsymmetrical 2,5-diaryl-tetrahydrofuran type lignan, 2-(3′-methoxy-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydroxymethyl-5-(3″-methoxy-5″-hydroxyphenyl)-tetrahydrofuran, laxanol (1), was obtained from Justicia laxa via high-throughput natural product chemistry methods as a mass-limited sample and its structure was elucidated by capillary scale NMR and HR-/LR-ESIMS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Hu
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences, Inc., 1912 Innerbelt Business Centre Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63114, USA
| | - Courtney M. Starks
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences, Inc., 1912 Innerbelt Business Centre Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63114, USA
| | - Eliane Garo
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences, Inc., 1912 Innerbelt Business Centre Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63114, USA
| | - Grayson W. Hough
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences, Inc., 1912 Innerbelt Business Centre Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63114, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Rice
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences, Inc., 1912 Innerbelt Business Centre Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63114, USA
| | - Matt G. Goering
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences, Inc., 1912 Innerbelt Business Centre Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63114, USA
| | - Mark O'Neil-Johnson
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences, Inc., 1912 Innerbelt Business Centre Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63114, USA
| | - Gary R. Eldridge
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences, Inc., 1912 Innerbelt Business Centre Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63114, USA
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23
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Antiplatelet Effect and Selective Binding to Cyclooxygenase (COX) by Molecular Docking Analysis of Flavonoids and Lignans. Int J Mol Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/i8080830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Su CL, Huang LLH, Huang LM, Lee JC, Lin CN, Won SJ. Caspase-8 acts as a key upstream executor of mitochondria during justicidin A-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3185-91. [PMID: 16684533 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Justicia procumbens is a traditional Taiwanese herbal remedy used to treat fever, pain, and cancer. Justicidin A, isolated from Justicia procumbens, has been reported to suppress in vitro growth of several tumor cell lines as well as hepatoma cells. In this study, justicidin A activated caspase-8 to increase tBid, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi(m)), and caused the release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO in Hep 3B and Hep G2 cells. Justicidin A also reduced Bcl-x(L) and increased Bax and Bak in mitochondria. Caspase-8 inhibitor (Z-IETD) attenuated the justicidin A-induced disruption of Delta psi(m). Growth of Hep 3B implanted in NOD-SCID mice was suppressed significantly by oral justicidin A (20 mg/kg/day). These results indicate that justicidin A-induced apoptosis in these cells proceeds via caspase-8 and is followed by mitochondrial disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Su
- Department of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
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25
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Lee JC, Lee CH, Su CL, Huang CW, Liu HS, Lin CN, Won SJ. Justicidin A decreases the level of cytosolic Ku70 leading to apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26:1716-30. [PMID: 15905197 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural product justicidin A, an arylnaphthalide lignan isolated from Justicia procumbens, significantly inhibited the growth of human colorectal cancer cells HT-29 and HCT 116 at day 6 post-treatment. Further study revealed that justicidin A-treated HT-29 and HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells died of apoptosis. Justicidin A treatment caused DNA fragmentation and an increase in phosphatidylserine exposure of the cells. The number of cells in the sub-G1 phase was also increased upon justicidin A treatment. Caspase-9 but not caspase-8 was activated, suggesting that justicidin A treatment damaged mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential was altered and cytochrome c and Smac were released from mitochondria to the cytoplasm upon justicidin A treatment. The level of Ku70 in the cytoplasm was decreased, but that of Bax in mitochondria was increased by justicidin A. Since Ku70 normally binds and sequesters Bax, these results suggest that justicidin A decreases the level of Ku70 leading to translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria to induce apoptosis. Oral administration of justicidin A was shown to suppress the growth of HT-29 cells transplanted into NOD-SCID mice, suggesting chemotherapeutic potential of justicidin A on colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenq-Chang Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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26
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Tsao LT, Lin CN, Wang JP. Justicidin A inhibits the transport of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to cell surface in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65:1063-9. [PMID: 15102934 DOI: 10.1124/mol.65.5.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is initially synthesized as a 26-kDa pro-TNF-alpha followed by proteolytic processing to a 17-kDa secreted form. In this study, justicidin A, an arylnaphthalide lignan isolated from Justicia procumbens, was found to inhibit LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha release from RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the underlying mechanism was investigated. In the presence of justicidin A, challenge with LPS increased the steady-state level of the 26-kDa membrane-bound form of TNF-alpha protein, whereas justicidin A had little effect on the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and on the synthesis of pro-TNF-alpha protein. Results of the pulse-chase experiment, revealed that the conversion of pro-TNF-alpha to mature TNF-alpha was inhibited by justicidin A. Moreover, justicidin A suppressed the transport of TNF-alpha to cell surface as analyzed by flow cytometry. The immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that large amounts of LPS-induced TNF-alpha accumulated primarily within Golgi complex. These results indicate that justicidin A inhibits TNF-alpha release at the step of transport of pro-TNF-alpha to cell surface, and this leads to the accumulation of TNF-alpha in Golgi complex in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lo-Ti Tsao
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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27
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Kuo YH, Chien SC, Huang SL. Four new podocarpane-type trinorditerpenes from the bark of Taiwania cryptomerioides. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:544-6. [PMID: 11964007 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Further studies on the bark of Taiwania cryptomerioides found four new podocarpane derivatives, 1beta,13-dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (1), 14,18-dihydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (2), 1beta,14-dihydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene-2,7-dione (3), and 3beta,14-dihydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (4), together with a known 1beta,13,14-trihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (5). Those structures were elucidated principally from spectral evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China.
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28
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Jiménez G, Hasegawa M, Rodríguez M, Estrada O, Méndez J, Castillo A, Gonzalez-Mujica F, Motta N, Vásquez J, Romero-Vecchione E. Biological screening of plants of the Venezuelan Amazons. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 77:77-83. [PMID: 11483381 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A total of 21 extracts derived from 17 different plant species collected in Venezuelan Amazons have been tested for the following biological activities: cardiovascular activity, brine shrimp lethality, and inhibitory effects on the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate in intact and disrupted microsomes. Eight extracts diminished rat blood pressure with or without changes in heart rate. The fruit extract of Swartzia leptopetala and the leaf and twig extract of Connarus lambertii resulted in death of experimental animals. The majority of extracts (17 extracts) showed significant toxicity against Artemia salina. Concerning the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate, better inhibitory effects were observed in intact microsomes than in disrupted ones for all the extracts, suggesting that these extracts intervene with variable potency in glucose-6-phosphate transport through the microsomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Centro de Química Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado Postal 47102, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
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29
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Burlat V, Kwon M, Davin LB, Lewis NG. Dirigent proteins and dirigent sites in lignifying tissues. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 57:883-97. [PMID: 11423139 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific dirigent protein gene expression and associated dirigent (site) localization were examined in various organs of Forsythia intermedia using tissue printing, in situ mRNA hybridization and immunolabeling techniques, respectively. Dirigent protein gene expression was primarily noted in the undifferentiated cambial regions of stem sections, whereas dirigent protein sites were detected mainly in the vascular cambium and ray parenchyma cell initials. Immunolocalization also revealed cross-reactivity with particular regions of the lignified cell walls, these being coincident with the known sites of initiation of lignin deposition. These latter regions are considered to harbor contiguous arrays of dirigent (monomer binding) sites for initiation of lignin biopolymer assembly. Dirigent protein mRNA expression was also localized in the vascular regions of roots and petioles, whereas in leaves the dirigent sites were primarily associated with the palisade layers and the vascular bundle. That is, dirigent protein mediated lignan biosynthesis was initiated primarily in the cambium and ray cell initial regions of stems as well as in the leaf palisade layers, this being in accordance with the occurrence of the lignans for defense purposes. Within lignified secondary xylem cell walls, however, dirigent sites were primarily localized in the S(1) sublayer and compound middle lamella, these being coincident with previously established sites for initiation of macromolecular lignin biosynthesis. Once initiation occurs, lignification is proposed to continue through template polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Burlat
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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30
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Navarro E, Alonso SJ, Alonso PJ, Trujillo J, Jorge E, Perez C. Pharmacological effects of elenoside, an arylnaphthalene lignan. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:254-8. [PMID: 11256480 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity (24 h) and general behavior in mice of a lignan from Justicia hyssopifolia, a beta-D-glucoside (elenoside), was studied, and the cytotoxic activity was performed. Elenoside (arylnaphthalene lignan) in mice showed a moderate toxicity order (305 mg/kg) and central depressive properties at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. It also displayed cytotoxic activity in a range of concentration of 10(-5)-10(-4) M when studied in the human tumor cell line panel of the US National Cancer Institute (NCI). The results indicated that elenoside has central depressant effects, and the cytotoxic activity of elenoside suggests that this compound and its genin derivatives merit further investigation as antitumoral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Navarro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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31
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Chang ST, Wang DS, Wu CL, Shiah SG, Kuo YH, Chang CJ. Cytotoxicity of extractives from Taiwania cryptomerioides heartwood. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2000; 55:227-232. [PMID: 11142847 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of the dominant lignans and sesquiterpenoids from Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata) was investigated. Three human tumor cells including A-549 lung carcinoma. MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma and HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma were selected to illustrate the structure-cytotoxicity relationships of Taiwania's dominant compounds. Taiwanin A, taiwanin E and dimethylmatairesinol exhibited significant cytotoxicity against three human tumor cells. Among them, taiwanin A possesses the strongest cytotoxic activity. In addition, the morphology-based evaluation, flow cytometric analysis, and DNA fragmentation assays demonstrated that the tumor cell death induced by taiwanin A was due to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Chang
- Department of Forestry, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
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