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Cao Y, Yan H, Sheng M, Liu Y, Yu X, Li Z, Xu W, Su Z. Nuclear lamina component KAKU4 regulates chromatin states and transcriptional regulation in the Arabidopsis genome. BMC Biol 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38609974 PMCID: PMC11015597 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear lamina links the nuclear membrane to chromosomes and plays a crucial role in regulating chromatin states and gene expression. However, current knowledge of nuclear lamina in plants is limited compared to animals and humans. RESULTS This study mainly focused on elucidating the mechanism through which the putative nuclear lamina component protein KAKU4 regulates chromatin states and gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves. Thus, we constructed a network using the association proteins of lamin-like proteins, revealing that KAKU4 is strongly associated with chromatin or epigenetic modifiers. Then, we conducted ChIP-seq technology to generate global epigenomic profiles of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K9me2 in Arabidopsis leaves for mutant (kaku4-2) and wild-type (WT) plants alongside RNA-seq method to generate gene expression profiles. The comprehensive chromatin state-based analyses indicate that the knockdown of KAKU4 has the strongest effect on H3K27me3, followed by H3K9me2, and the least impact on H3K4me3, leading to significant changes in chromatin states in the Arabidopsis genome. We discovered that the knockdown of the KAKU4 gene caused a transition between two types of repressive epigenetics marks, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, in some specific PLAD regions. The combination analyses of epigenomic and transcriptomic data between the kaku4-2 mutant and WT suggested that KAKU4 may regulate key biological processes, such as programmed cell death and hormone signaling pathways, by affecting H3K27me3 modification in Arabidopsis leaves. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results indicated that KAKU4 is directly and/or indirectly associated with chromatin/epigenetic modifiers and demonstrated the essential roles of KAKU4 in regulating chromatin states, transcriptional regulation, and diverse biological processes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minghao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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2
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Valencia-Lozano E, Cabrera-Ponce JL, Barraza A, López-Calleja AC, García-Vázquez E, Rivera-Toro DM, de Folter S, Alvarez-Venegas R. Editing of SlWRKY29 by CRISPR-activation promotes somatic embryogenesis in Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301169. [PMID: 38557903 PMCID: PMC10984418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, the development of plants with improved traits like superior quality, high yield, or stress resistance, are highly desirable in agriculture. Accelerated crop improvement, however, must capitalize on revolutionary new plant breeding technologies, like genetically modified and gene-edited crops, to heighten food crop traits. Genome editing still faces ineffective methods for the transformation and regeneration of different plant species and must surpass the genotype dependency of the transformation process. Tomato is considered an alternative plant model system to rice and Arabidopsis, and a model organism for fleshy-fruited plants. Furthermore, tomato cultivars like Micro-Tom are excellent models for tomato research due to its short life cycle, small size, and capacity to grow at high density. Therefore, we developed an indirect somatic embryo protocol from cotyledonary tomato explants and used this to generate epigenetically edited tomato plants for the SlWRKY29 gene via CRISPR-activation (CRISPRa). We found that epigenetic reprogramming for SlWRKY29 establishes a transcriptionally permissive chromatin state, as determined by an enrichment of the H3K4me3 mark. A whole transcriptome analysis of CRISPRa-edited pro-embryogenic masses and mature somatic embryos allowed us to characterize the mechanism driving somatic embryo induction in the edited tomato cv. Micro-Tom. Furthermore, we show that enhanced embryo induction and maturation are influenced by the transcriptional effector employed during CRISPRa, as well as by the medium composition and in vitro environmental conditions such as osmotic components, plant growth regulators, and light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Valencia-Lozano
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - José Luis Cabrera-Ponce
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Aarón Barraza
- Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, CONACYT-CIBNOR, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Alberto Cristian López-Calleja
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Elsa García-Vázquez
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Diana Marcela Rivera-Toro
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Raúl Alvarez-Venegas
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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3
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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. Recent Updates on ALMT Transporters' Physiology, Regulation, and Molecular Evolution in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3167. [PMID: 37687416 PMCID: PMC10490231 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency in soils are the main interconnected problems of modern agriculture. The aluminium-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) comprise a membrane protein family that demonstrates various physiological functions in plants, such as tolerance to environmental Al3+ and the regulation of stomatal movement. Over the past few decades, the regulation of ALMT family proteins has been intensively studied. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about this transporter family and assess their involvement in diverse physiological processes and comprehensive regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we have conducted a thorough bioinformatic analysis to decipher the functional importance of conserved residues, structural components, and domains. Our phylogenetic analysis has also provided new insights into the molecular evolution of ALMT family proteins, expanding their scope beyond the plant kingdom. Lastly, we have formulated several outstanding questions and research directions to further enhance our understanding of the fundamental role of ALMT proteins and to assess their physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Snunit 51, Karmiel 2161002, Israel;
| | - Stanislav V. Isayenkov
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osipovskogo Str. 2a, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
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4
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Bardani E, Kallemi P, Tselika M, Katsarou K, Kalantidis K. Spotlight on Plant Bromodomain Proteins. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1076. [PMID: 37626962 PMCID: PMC10451976 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing proteins (BRD-proteins) are the "readers" of histone lysine acetylation, translating chromatin state into gene expression. They act alone or as components of larger complexes and exhibit diverse functions to regulate gene expression; they participate in chromatin remodeling complexes, mediate histone modifications, serve as scaffolds to recruit transcriptional regulators or act themselves as transcriptional co-activators or repressors. Human BRD-proteins have been extensively studied and have gained interest as potential drug targets for various diseases, whereas in plants, this group of proteins is still not well investigated. In this review, we aimed to concentrate scientific knowledge on these chromatin "readers" with a focus on Arabidopsis. We organized plant BRD-proteins into groups based on their functions and domain architecture and summarized the published work regarding their interactions, activity and diverse functions. Overall, it seems that plant BRD-proteins are indispensable components and fine-tuners of the complex network plants have built to regulate development, flowering, hormone signaling and response to various biotic or abiotic stresses. This work will facilitate the understanding of their roles in plants and highlight BRD-proteins with yet undiscovered functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Bardani
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (E.B.); (P.K.); (M.T.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kallemi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (E.B.); (P.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Martha Tselika
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (E.B.); (P.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Konstantina Katsarou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (E.B.); (P.K.); (M.T.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kriton Kalantidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (E.B.); (P.K.); (M.T.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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5
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Huo R, Zhao Y, Liu T, Xu M, Wang X, Xu P, Dai S, Cui X, Han Y, Liu Z, Li Z. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of two-component system genes in sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1091620. [PMID: 36714734 PMCID: PMC9878860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1091620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-component system (TCS), which comprises histidine kinases (HKs), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs), and response regulators (RRs), plays essential roles in regulating plant growth, development, and response to various environmental stimuli. TCS genes have been comprehensively identified in various plants, while studies on the genome-wide identification and analysis of TCS in sweet potato were still not reported. Therefore, in this study, a total of 90 TCS members consisting of 20 HK(L)s, 11 HPs, and 59 RRs were identified in the genome of Ipomoea batatas. Furthermore, their gene structures, conserved domains, and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed in detail. Additionally, the gene expression profiles in various organs were analyzed, and response patterns to adverse environmental stresses were investigated. The results showed that these 90 TCS genes were mapped on 15 chromosomes with a notably uneven distribution, and the expansion of TCS genes in sweet potato was attributed to both segmental and tandem duplications. The majority of the TCS genes showed distinct organ-specific expression profiles, especially in three types of roots (stem roots, fibrous roots, tuberous roots). Moreover, most of the TCS genes were either induced or suppressed upon treatment with abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, cold, heat) and exogenous phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, the yeast-two hybrid system was used to reveal the HK-HP-RR protein-protein interactions. IbHP1, IbHP2, IbHP4, and IbHP5 could interact with three HKs (IbHK1a, IbHK1b, and IbHK5), and also interact with majority of the type-B RRs (IbRR20-IbRR28), while no interaction affinity was detected for IbHP3. Our systematic analyses could provide insights into the characterization of the TCS genes, and further the development of functional studies in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Huo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogeny and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yanshu Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Tianxu Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Meng Xu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Ping Xu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shengjie Dai
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yonghua Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogeny and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogeny and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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6
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Djeghdir I, Chefdor F, Bertheau L, Koudounas K, Carqueijeiro I, Lemos Cruz P, Courdavault V, Depierreux C, Larcher M, Lamblin F, Héricourt F, Glévarec G, Oudin A, Carpin S. Evaluation of type-B RR dimerization in poplar: A mechanism to preserve signaling specificity? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111068. [PMID: 34763861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess specific signaling pathways, such as the MultiStep Phosphorelay (MSP), which is involved in cytokinin and ethylene sensing, and light, drought or osmotic stress sensing. These MSP comprise histidine-aspartate kinases (HKs) as receptors, histidine phosphotransfer (HPts) proteins acting as phosphorelay proteins, and response regulators (RRs), some of which act as transcription factors (type-B RRs). In previous studies, we identified partners of the poplar osmosensing signaling pathway, composed of two HKs, three main HPts, and six type-B RRs. To date, it is unresolved as to how cytokinin or osmotic stress signal specificity is achieved in the MSP in order to generate specific responses. Here, we present a large-scale interaction study of poplar type-B RR dimerization. Using the two-hybrid assay, we were able to show the homodimerization of type-B RRs, the heterodimerization of duplicated type-B RRs, and surprisingly, a lack of interaction between some type-B RRs belonging to different duplicates. The lack of interaction of the duplicates RR12-14 and RR18-19, which are involved in the osmosensing pathway has been confirmed by BiFC experiments. This study reveals, for the first time, an overview of type-B RR dimerization in poplar and makes way for the hypothesis that signal specificity for cytokinin or osmotic stress could be in part due to the fact that it is impossible for specific type-B RRs to heterodimerize.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Djeghdir
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRAE, USC1328, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - F Chefdor
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRAE, USC1328, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - L Bertheau
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRAE, USC1328, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - K Koudounas
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), EA 2106, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - I Carqueijeiro
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), EA 2106, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - P Lemos Cruz
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), EA 2106, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - V Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), EA 2106, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - C Depierreux
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRAE, USC1328, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - M Larcher
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRAE, USC1328, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - F Lamblin
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRAE, USC1328, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - F Héricourt
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRAE, USC1328, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - G Glévarec
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), EA 2106, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - A Oudin
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), EA 2106, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - S Carpin
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRAE, USC1328, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France.
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7
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Guo T, Weber H, Niemann MCE, Theisl L, Leonte G, Novák O, Werner T. Arabidopsis HIPP proteins regulate endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of CKX proteins and cytokinin responses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1918-1934. [PMID: 34314894 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms are equipped with quality-control mechanisms that survey protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and remove non-native proteins by ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Recent research has shown that cytokinin-degrading CKX proteins are subjected to ERAD during plant development. The mechanisms of plant ERAD, including the export of substrate proteins from the ER, are not fully understood, and the molecular components involved in the ERAD of CKX are unknown. Here, we show that heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) interact specifically with CKX proteins synthesized in the ER and processed by ERAD. CKX-HIPP protein complexes were detected at the ER as well as in the cytosol, suggesting that the complexes involve retrotranslocated CKX protein species. Altered CKX levels in HIPP-overexpressing and higher-order hipp mutant plants suggest that the studied HIPPs control the ERAD of CKX. Deregulation of CKX proteins caused corresponding changes in the cytokinin signaling activity and triggered typical morphological cytokinin responses. Notably, transcriptional repression of HIPP genes by cytokinin indicates a feedback regulatory mechanism of cytokinin homeostasis and signaling responses. Moreover, loss of function of HIPP genes constitutively activates the unfolded protein response and compromises the ER stress tolerance. Collectively, these results suggests that HIPPs represent novel functional components of plant ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Guo
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, School of Life Science of Jiaying University, 514015 Mei Zhou, China
| | - Henriette Weber
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael C E Niemann
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Theisl
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georgeta Leonte
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Werner
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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8
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Leuendorf JE, Schmülling T. Meeting at the DNA: Specifying Cytokinin Responses through Transcription Factor Complex Formation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10071458. [PMID: 34371661 PMCID: PMC8309282 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin is a plant hormone regulating numerous biological processes. Its diverse functions are realized through the expression control of specific target genes. The transcription of the immediate early cytokinin target genes is regulated by type-B response regulator proteins (RRBs), which are transcription factors (TFs) of the Myb family. RRB activity is controlled by phosphorylation and protein degradation. Here, we focus on another step of regulation, the interaction of RRBs among each other or with other TFs to form active or repressive TF complexes. Several examples in Arabidopsis thaliana illustrate that RRBs form homodimers or complexes with other TFs to specify the cytokinin response. This increases the variability of the output response and provides opportunities of crosstalk between the cytokinin signaling pathway and other cellular signaling pathways. We propose that a targeted approach is required to uncover the full extent and impact of RRB interaction with other TFs.
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9
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Lomin SN, Myakushina YA, Kolachevskaya OO, Getman IA, Savelieva EM, Arkhipov DV, Deigraf SV, Romanov GA. Global View on the Cytokinin Regulatory System in Potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:613624. [PMID: 33408733 PMCID: PMC7779595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.613624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) were earlier shown to promote potato tuberization. Our study aimed to identify and characterize CK-related genes which constitute CK regulatory system in the core potato (Solanum tuberosum) genome. For that, CK-related genes were retrieved from the sequenced genome of the S. tuberosum doubled monoploid (DM) Phureja group, classified and compared with Arabidopsis orthologs. Analysis of selected gene expression was performed with a transcriptome database for the S. tuberosum heterozygous diploid line RH89-039-16. Genes responsible for CK signaling, biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism were categorized in an organ-specific fashion. According to this database, CK receptors StHK2/3 predominate in leaves and flowers, StHK4 in roots. Among phosphotransmitters, StHP1a expression largely predominates. Surprisingly, two pseudo-phosphotransmitters intended to suppress CK effects are hardly expressed in studied organs. Among B-type RR genes, StRR1b, StRR11, and StRR18a are actively expressed, with StRR1b expressing most uniformly in all organs and StRR11 exhibiting the highest expression in roots. By cluster analysis four types of prevailing CK-signaling chains were identified in (1) leaves and flowers, StHK2/3→S t H P1a→StRR1b/+; (2) shoot apical meristems, stolons, and mature tubers, StHK2/4→S t H P1a→StRR1b/+; (3) stems and young tubers, StHK2/4→S t H P1a→StRR1b/11/18a; and (4) roots and tuber sprouts, StHK4→S t H P1a→StRR11/18a. CK synthesis genes StIPT3/5 and StCYP735A are expressed mainly in roots followed by tuber sprouts, but rather weakly in stolons and tubers. By contrast, CK-activation genes StLOGs are active in stolons, and StLOG3b expression is even stolon-confined. Apparently, the main CK effects on tuber initiation are realized via activity of StLOG1/3a/3b/7c/8a genes in stolons. Current advances and future directions in potato research are discussed.
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10
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Acheampong AK, Shanks C, Cheng CY, Schaller GE, Dagdas Y, Kieber JJ. EXO70D isoforms mediate selective autophagic degradation of type-A ARR proteins to regulate cytokinin sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27034-27043. [PMID: 33051300 PMCID: PMC7604425 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013161117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin influences many aspects of plant growth and development, several of which also involve the cellular process of autophagy, including leaf senescence, nutrient remobilization, and developmental transitions. The Arabidopsis type-A response regulators (type-A ARR) are negative regulators of cytokinin signaling that are transcriptionally induced in response to cytokinin. Here, we describe a mechanistic link between cytokinin signaling and autophagy, demonstrating that plants modulate cytokinin sensitivity through autophagic regulation of type-A ARR proteins. Type-A ARR proteins were degraded by autophagy in an AUTOPHAGY-RELATED (ATG)5-dependent manner, and this degradation is promoted by phosphorylation on a conserved aspartate in the receiver domain of the type-A ARRs. EXO70D family members interacted with type-A ARR proteins, likely in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and recruited them to autophagosomes via interaction of the EXO70D AIM with the core autophagy protein, ATG8. Consistently, loss-of-function exo70D1,2,3 mutants exhibited compromised targeting of type-A ARRs to autophagic vesicles, have elevated levels of type-A ARR proteins, and are hyposensitive to cytokinin. Disruption of both type-A ARRs and EXO70D1,2,3 compromised survival in carbon-deficient conditions, suggesting interaction between autophagy and cytokinin responsiveness in response to stress. These results indicate that the EXO70D proteins act as selective autophagy receptors to target type-A ARR cargos for autophagic degradation, demonstrating modulation of cytokinin signaling by selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carly Shanks
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Chia-Yi Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
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11
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Huo R, Liu Z, Yu X, Li Z. The Interaction Network and Signaling Specificity of Two-Component System in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144898. [PMID: 32664520 PMCID: PMC7402358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCS) in plants have evolved into a more complicated multi-step phosphorelay (MSP) pathway, which employs histidine kinases (HKs), histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (HPts), and response regulators (RRs) to regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. How plants perceive the external signals, then integrate and transduce the secondary signals specifically to the desired destination, is a fundamental characteristic of the MSP signaling network. The TCS elements involved in the MSP pathway and molecular mechanisms of signal transduction have been best understood in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In this review, we focus on updated knowledge on TCS signal transduction in Arabidopsis. We first present a brief description of the TCS elements; then, the protein–protein interaction network is established. Finally, we discuss the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the specificity of the MSP signaling at the mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Huo
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Z.L.)
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12
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Didelon M, Khafif M, Godiard L, Barbacci A, Raffaele S. Patterns of Sequence and Expression Diversification Associate Members of the PADRE Gene Family With Response to Fungal Pathogens. Front Genet 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 32547597 PMCID: PMC7272662 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen infection triggers extensive reprogramming of the plant transcriptome, including numerous genes the function of which is unknown. Due to their wide taxonomic distribution, genes encoding proteins with Domains of Unknown Function (DUFs) activated upon pathogen challenge likely play important roles in disease. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified thirteen genes harboring a DUF4228 domain in the top 10% most induced genes after infection by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Based on functional information collected through homology and contextual searches, we propose to refer to this domain as the pathogen and abiotic stress response, cadmium tolerance, disordered region-containing (PADRE) domain. Genome-wide and phylogenetic analyses indicated that PADRE is specific to plants and diversified into 10 subfamilies early in the evolution of Angiosperms. PADRE typically occurs in small single-domain proteins with a bipartite architecture. PADRE N-terminus harbors conserved sequence motifs, while its C-terminus includes an intrinsically disordered region with multiple phosphorylation sites. A pangenomic survey of PADRE genes expression upon S. sclerotiorum inoculation in Arabidopsis, castor bean, and tomato indicated consistent expression across species within phylogenetic groups. Multi-stress expression profiling and co-expression network analyses associated AtPADRE genes with the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis and responses to chitin and to hypoxia. Our analyses reveal patterns of sequence and expression diversification consistent with the evolution of a role in disease resistance for an uncharacterized family of plant genes. These findings highlight PADRE genes as prime candidates for the functional dissection of mechanisms underlying plant disease resistance to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sylvain Raffaele
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Castanet-Tolosan, France
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13
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Zdarska M, Cuyacot AR, Tarr PT, Yamoune A, Szmitkowska A, Hrdinová V, Gelová Z, Meyerowitz EM, Hejátko J. ETR1 Integrates Response to Ethylene and Cytokinins into a Single Multistep Phosphorelay Pathway to Control Root Growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1338-1352. [PMID: 31176773 PMCID: PMC8040967 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins and ethylene control plant development via sensors from the histidine kinase (HK) family. However, downstream signaling pathways for the key phytohormones are distinct. Here we report that not only cytokinin but also ethylene is able to control root apical meristem (RAM) size through activation of the multistep phosphorelay (MSP) pathway. We found that both cytokinin and ethylene-dependent RAM shortening requires ethylene binding to ETR1 and the HK activity of ETR1. The receiver domain of ETR1 interacts with MSP signaling intermediates acting downstream of cytokinin receptors, further substantiating the role of ETR1 in MSP signaling. We revealed that both cytokinin and ethylene induce the MSP in similar and distinct cell types with ETR1-mediated ethylene signaling controlling MSP output specifically in the root transition zone. We identified members of the MSP pathway specific and common to both hormones and showed that ETR1-regulated ARR3 controls RAM size. ETR1-mediated MSP spatially differs from canonical CTR1/EIN2/EIN3 ethylene signaling and is independent of EIN2, indicating that both pathways can be spatially and functionally separated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that canonical ethylene signaling controls MSP responsiveness to cytokinin specifically in the root transition zone, presumably via regulation of ARR10, one of the positive regulators of MSP signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Zdarska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Abigail Rubiato Cuyacot
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul T Tarr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Amel Yamoune
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Szmitkowska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hrdinová
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Gelová
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elliot M Meyerowitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jan Hejátko
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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14
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Skalák J, Vercruyssen L, Claeys H, Hradilová J, Černý M, Novák O, Plačková L, Saiz-Fernández I, Skaláková P, Coppens F, Dhondt S, Koukalová Š, Zouhar J, Inzé D, Brzobohatý B. Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:805-824. [PMID: 30748050 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size. To elucidate this multifaceted role of cytokinin in leaf development, we have employed a system of temporal controls over the cytokinin pool and investigated the consequences of modulated cytokinin levels in the third leaf of Arabidopsis. We show that, at the cell proliferation phase, cytokinin is needed to maintain cell proliferation by blocking the transition to cell expansion and the onset of photosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation by cytokinin of a gene suite previously shown to affect cell proliferation and expansion and thereby a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin modulates a molecular network underlying the cellular responses. During the cell expansion phase, cytokinin stimulates cell expansion and differentiation. Consequently, a cytokinin excess at the cell expansion phase results in an increased leaf and rosette size fueled by higher cell expansion rate, yielding higher shoot biomass. Proteome profiling revealed the stimulation of primary metabolism by cytokinin, in line with an increased sugar content that is expected to increase turgor pressure, representing the driving force of cell expansion. Therefore, the developmental timing of cytokinin content fluctuations, together with a tight control of primary metabolism, is a key factor mediating transitions from cell proliferation to cell expansion in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skalák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liesbeth Vercruyssen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannes Claeys
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Hradilová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricie Skaláková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Šárka Koukalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zouhar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Piya S, Binder BM, Hewezi T. Canonical and noncanonical ethylene signaling pathways that regulate Arabidopsis susceptibility to the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:946-959. [PMID: 30136723 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes successfully exploit various phytohormone signaling pathways to establish a new hormonal equilibrium that facilitates nematode parasitism. Although it is largely accepted that ethylene regulates plant responses to nematode infection, a mechanistic understanding of how ethylene shapes plant-nematode interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the involvement of various components regulating ethylene perception and signaling in establishing Arabidopsis susceptibility to the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii using a large set of well-characterized single and higher order mutants. Our analyses revealed the existence of two pathways that separately engage ethylene with salicylic acid (SA) and cytokinin signaling during plant response to nematode infection. One pathway involves the canonical ethylene signaling pathway in which activation of ethylene signaling results in suppression of SA-based immunity. The second pathway involves the ethylene receptor ETR1, which signals independently of SA acid to affect immunity, instead altering cytokinin-mediated regulation of downstream components. Our results reveal important mechanisms through which cyst nematodes exploit components of ethylene perception and signaling to affect the balance of hormonal signaling through ethylene interaction with SA and cytokinin networks. This hormonal interaction overcomes plant defense and provokes a susceptible response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Brad M Binder
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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16
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Chefdor F, Héricourt F, Koudounas K, Carqueijeiro I, Courdavault V, Mascagni F, Bertheau L, Larcher M, Depierreux C, Lamblin F, Racchi ML, Carpin S. Highlighting type A RRs as potential regulators of the dkHK1 multi-step phosphorelay pathway in Populus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 277:68-78. [PMID: 30466602 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we highlighted a multistep phosphorelay (MSP) system in poplars composed of two hybrid-type Histidine aspartate Kinases, dkHK1a and dkHK1b, which interact with three Histidine Phosphotransfer proteins, dkHPt2, 7, and 9, which in turn interact with six type B Response Regulators. These interactions correspond to the dkHK1a-b/dkHPts/dkRRBs MSP. This MSP is putatively involved in an osmosensing pathway, as dkHK1a-b are orthologous to the Arabidopsis osmosensor AHK1, and able to complement a mutant yeast deleted for its osmosensors. Since type A RRs have been characterized as negative regulators in cytokinin MSP signaling due to their interaction with HPt proteins, we decided in this study to characterize poplar type A RRs and their implication in the MSP. For a global view of this MSP, we isolated 10 poplar type A RR cDNAs, and determined their subcellular localization to check the in silico prediction experimentally. For most of them, the in planta subcellular localization was as predicted, except for three RRAs, for which this experimental approach gave a more precise localization. Interaction studies using yeast two-hybrid and in planta BiFC assays, together with transcript expression analysis in poplar organs led to eight dkRRAs being singled out as partners which could interfere the dkHK1a-b/dkHPts/dkRRBs MSP identified in previous studies. Consequently, the results obtained in this study now provide an exhaustive view of dkHK1a-b partners belonging to a poplar MSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chefdor
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRA, USC1328, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - F Héricourt
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRA, USC1328, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - K Koudounas
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), EA 2106, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - I Carqueijeiro
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), EA 2106, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - V Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), EA 2106, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - F Mascagni
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Bertheau
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRA, USC1328, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - M Larcher
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRA, USC1328, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - C Depierreux
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRA, USC1328, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - F Lamblin
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRA, USC1328, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - M L Racchi
- Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, sezione di Genetica agraria, via Maragliano, 75 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - S Carpin
- LBLGC, Université d'Orléans, INRA, USC1328, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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17
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Liu Z, Yuan L, Sundaresan V, Yu X. Arabidopsis CKI1 mediated two-component signaling in the specification of female gametophyte. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1469360. [PMID: 30148413 PMCID: PMC6204793 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1469360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin independent 1 (CKI1) is a histidine kinase involved in the two-component signaling pathway and acts as a master regulator of central cell specification via CKI1-mediated two-component signaling. In this study, the dynamic distribution of two-component system (TCS) signals was primarily investigated during Arabidopsis embryo sac development. TCS signals were stably detected in female gametophytes cells from the megaspore stage all through to the mature embryo sac stage. CKI1 acts as the primary activator of the TCS signaling pathway in embryo sacs. Accordingly, focusing on CKI1, two alternate models are proposed for female gametophyte cell fate specification. In the first model, CKI1 co-determines the central cell fate in combination with a hypothetical X factor at the micropylar pole, and in the alternate model, CKI1 alone determines the central cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L. Yuan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - V. Sundaresan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - X. Yu
- Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Binder BM, Kim HJ, Mathews DE, Hutchison CE, Kieber JJ, Schaller GE. A role for two-component signaling elements in the Arabidopsis growth recovery response to ethylene. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00058. [PMID: 31245724 PMCID: PMC6508545 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that the ability of Arabidopsis seedlings to recover normal growth following an ethylene treatment involves histidine kinase activity of the ethylene receptors. As histidine kinases can function as inputs for a two-component signaling system, we examined loss-of-function mutants involving two-component signaling elements. We find that mutants of phosphotransfer proteins and type-B response regulators exhibit a defect in their ethylene growth recovery response similar to that found with the loss-of-function ethylene receptor mutant etr1-7. The ability of two-component signaling elements to regulate the growth recovery response to ethylene functions independently from their well-characterized role in cytokinin signaling, based on the analysis of cytokinin receptor mutants as well as following chemical inhibition of cytokinin biosynthesis. Histidine kinase activity of the receptor ETR1 also facilitates growth recovery in the ethylene hypersensitive response, which is characterized by a transient decrease in growth rate when seedlings are treated continuously with a low dose of ethylene; however, this response was found to operate independently of the type-B response regulators. These results indicate that histidine kinase activity of the ethylene receptor ETR1 performs two independent functions: (a) regulating the growth recovery to ethylene through a two-component signaling system involving phosphotransfer proteins and type-B response regulators and (b) regulating the hypersensitive response to ethylene in a type-B response regulator independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M. Binder
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesDartmouth CollegeHanoverNew Hampshire
- Center for Plant Aging ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaeguKorea
| | - Dennis E. Mathews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew Hampshire
| | - Claire E. Hutchison
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
- Present address:
William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonCharterhouse SquareLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Joseph J. Kieber
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - G. Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological SciencesDartmouth CollegeHanoverNew Hampshire
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19
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Heyl A. Shuttling of Entire Libraries from an Entry Vector to a Destination Vector of the Gateway System. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1794:235-242. [PMID: 29855961 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7871-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale experiments are the basis of functional genomics, the investigating of several hundred or even thousand genes or proteins in parallel. A prerequisite for such experiments is the ability to clone several thousand genes simultaneously into a vector of choice to investigate different aspects of protein function, e.g., protein interactions, or subcellular localization. In the recent past several such cloning systems have been developed and successfully used. Of the commercially available systems, the Gateway™ system is the most widely used.This protocol describes how to shuttle a library from an Entry vector to a destination vector of the Gateway™ system. Emphasis is placed on the efficiency of the shuttling process to avoid loss of complexity and on reproducibility of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heyl
- Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA.
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20
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Sharan A, Soni P, Nongpiur RC, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Mapping the 'Two-component system' network in rice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9287. [PMID: 28839155 PMCID: PMC5571105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-component system (TCS) in plants is a histidine to aspartate phosphorelay based signaling system. Rice genome has multifarious TCS signaling machinery comprising of 11 histidine kinases (OsHKs), 5 histidine phosphotransferases (OsHPTs) and 36 response regulators (OsRRs). However, how these TCS members interact with each other and comprehend diverse signaling cascades remains unmapped. Using a highly stringent yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) platform and extensive in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, distinct arrays of interaction between various TCS proteins have been identified in the present study. Based on these results, an interactome map of TCS proteins has been assembled. This map clearly shows a cross talk in signaling, mediated by different sensory OsHKs. It also highlights OsHPTs as the interaction hubs, which interact with OsRRs, mostly in a redundant fashion. Remarkably, interactions between type-A and type-B OsRRs have also been revealed for the first time. These observations suggest that feedback regulation by type-A OsRRs may also be mediated by interference in signaling at the level of type-B OsRRs, in addition to OsHPTs, as known previously. The interactome map presented here provides a starting point for in-depth molecular investigations for signal(s) transmitted by various TCS modules into diverse biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharan
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Soni
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramsong Chantre Nongpiur
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Danilova MN, Kudryakova NV, Doroshenko AS, Zabrodin DA, Rakhmankulova ZF, Oelmüller R, Kusnetsov VV. Opposite roles of the Arabidopsis cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 in the expression of plastid genes and genes for the plastid transcriptional machinery during senescence. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:533-546. [PMID: 28150126 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin membrane receptors of the Arabidopsis thaliana AHK2 and AHK3 play opposite roles in the expression of plastid genes and genes for the plastid transcriptional machinery during leaf senescence Loss-of-function mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were used to study the role of cytokinin receptors in the expression of chloroplast genes during leaf senescence. Accumulation of transcripts of several plastid-encoded genes is dependent on the АНК2/АНК3 receptor combination. АНК2 is particularly important at the final stage of plant development and, unlike АНК3, a positive regulator of leaf senescence. Cytokinin-dependent up-regulation of the nuclear encoded genes for chloroplast RNA polymerases RPOTp and RPOTmp suggests that the hormone controls plastid gene expression, at least in part, via the expression of nuclear genes for the plastid transcription machinery. This is further supported by cytokinin dependent regulation of genes for the nuclear encoded plastid σ-factors, SIG1-6, which code for components of the transcriptional apparatus in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Danilova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Natalia V Kudryakova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Anastasia S Doroshenko
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Zabrodin
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Zulfira F Rakhmankulova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor V Kusnetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Functional Divergence of Poplar Histidine-Aspartate Kinase HK1 Paralogs in Response to Osmotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122061. [PMID: 27941652 PMCID: PMC5187861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous works have shown the existence of protein partnerships belonging to a MultiStep Phosphorelay (MSP) in Populus putatively involved in osmosensing. This study is focused on the identification of a histidine-aspartate kinase, HK1b, paralog of HK1a. The characterization of HK1b showed its ability to homo- and hetero-dimerize and to interact with a few Histidine-containing Phosphotransfer (HPt) proteins, suggesting a preferential partnership in poplar MSP linked to drought perception. Furthermore, determinants for interaction specificity between HK1a/1b and HPts were studied by mutagenesis analysis, identifying amino acids involved in this specificity. The HK1b expression analysis in different poplar organs revealed its co-expression with three HPts, reinforcing the hypothesis of partnership participation in the MSP in planta. Moreover, HK1b was shown to act as an osmosensor with kinase activity in a functional complementation assay of an osmosensor deficient yeast strain. These results revealed that HK1b showed a different behaviour for canonical phosphorylation of histidine and aspartate residues. These phosphorylation modularities of canonical amino acids could explain the improved osmosensor performances observed in yeast. As conserved duplicates reflect the selective pressures imposed by the environmental requirements on the species, our results emphasize the importance of HK1 gene duplication in poplar adaptation to drought stress.
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PPP1, a plant-specific regulator of transcription controls Arabidopsis development and PIN expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32196. [PMID: 27553690 PMCID: PMC4995536 DOI: 10.1038/srep32196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Directional transport of auxin is essential for plant development, with PIN auxin transport proteins representing an integral part of the machinery that controls hormone distribution. However, unlike the rapidly emerging framework of molecular determinants regulating PIN protein abundance and subcellular localization, insights into mechanisms controlling PIN transcription are still limited. Here we describe PIN2 PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN 1 (PPP1), an evolutionary conserved plant-specific DNA binding protein that acts on transcription of PIN genes. Consistent with PPP1 DNA-binding activity, PPP1 reporter proteins are nuclear localized and analysis of PPP1 null alleles and knockdown lines indicated a function as a positive regulator of PIN expression. Furthermore, we show that ppp1 pleiotropic mutant phenotypes are partially reverted by PIN overexpression, and results are presented that underline a role of PPP1-PIN promoter interaction in PIN expression control. Collectively, our findings identify an elementary, thus far unknown, plant-specific DNA-binding protein required for post-embryonic plant development, in general, and correct expression of PIN genes, in particular.
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Šmehilová M, Dobrůšková J, Novák O, Takáč T, Galuszka P. Cytokinin-Specific Glycosyltransferases Possess Different Roles in Cytokinin Homeostasis Maintenance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1264. [PMID: 27602043 PMCID: PMC4993776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) are one of the major mediators of physiological responses throughout plant life span. Therefore, a proper homeostasis is maintained by regulation of their active levels. Besides degradation, CKs are deactivated by uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Physiologically, CKs active levels decline in senescing organs, providing a signal to nutrients that a shift to reproductive tissues has begun. In this work, we show CK glucosides distribution in Arabidopsis leaves during major developmental transition phases. Besides continuous accumulation of N-glucosides we detected sharp maximum of the glucosides in senescence. This is caused prevalently by N7-glucosides followed by N9-glucosides and specifically also by trans-zeatin-O-glucoside (tZOG). Interestingly, we observed a similar trend in response to exogenously applied CK. In Arabidopsis, only three UGTs deactivate CKs in vivo: UGT76C1, UGT76C2 and UGT85A1. We thereby show that UGT85A1 is specifically expressed in senescent leaves whereas UGT76C2 is activated rapidly in response to exogenously applied CK. To shed more light on the UGTs physiological roles, we performed a comparative study on UGTs loss-of-function mutants, characterizing a true ugt85a1-1 loss-of-function mutant for the first time. Although no altered phenotype was detected under standard condition we observed reduced chlorophyll degradation with increased anthocyanin accumulation in our experiment on detached leaves accompanied by senescence and stress related genes modulated expression. Among the mutants, ugt76c2 possessed extremely diminished CK N-glucosides levels whereas ugt76c1 showed some specificity toward cis-zeatin (cZ). Besides tZOG, a broader range of CK glucosides was decreased in ugt85a1-1. Performing CK metabolism gene expression profiling, we revealed that activation of CK degradation pathway serves as a general regulatory mechanism of disturbed CK homeostasis followed by decreased CK signaling in all UGT mutants. In contrast, a specific regulation of CKX7, CKX1 and CKX2 was observed for each individual UGT mutant isoform after exogenous CK uptake. Employing an in silico prediction we proposed cytosolic localization of UGT76C1 and UGT76C2, that we further confirmed by GFP tagging of UGT76C2. Integrating all the results, we therefore hypothesize that UGTs possess different physiological roles in Arabidopsis and serve as a fine-tuning mechanism of active CK levels in cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Šmehilová
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in OlomoucOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dobrůšková
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in OlomoucOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCROlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in OlomoucOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Galuszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in OlomoucOlomouc, Czech Republic
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He Y, Liu X, Ye L, Pan C, Chen L, Zou T, Lu G. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Two-Component System Genes in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081204. [PMID: 27472316 PMCID: PMC5000602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-component system (TCS), which comprises histidine kinases (HKs), phosphotransfers (HPs), and response regulator proteins (RRs), plays pivotal roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. TCS genes have been comprehensively identified and investigated in various crops but poorly characterized in tomato. In this work, a total of 65 TCS genes consisting of 20 HK(L)s, six HPs, and 39 RRs were identified from tomato genome. The classification, gene structures, conserved domains, chromosome distribution, phylogenetic relationship, gene duplication events, and subcellular localization of the TCS gene family were predicted and analyzed in detail. The amino acid sequences of tomato TCS family members, except those of type-B RRs, are highly conserved. The gene duplication events of the TCS family mainly occurred in the RR family. Furthermore, the expansion of RRs was attributed to both segment and tandem duplication. The subcellular localizations of the selected green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins exhibited a diverse subcellular targeting, thereby confirming their predicted divergent functionality. The majority of TCS family members showed distinct organ- or development-specific expression patterns. In addition, most of TCS genes were induced by abiotic stresses and exogenous phytohormones. The full elucidation of TCS elements will be helpful for comprehensive analysis of the molecular biology and physiological role of the TCS superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun He
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Changtian Pan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lifei Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tao Zou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Shafique A, Ali Z, Talha AM, Aftab MH, Gul A, Hakeem KR. Plant Interactomics Under Salt and Drought Stress. PLANT OMICS: TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS 2016:493-514. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31703-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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27
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Bertheau L, Djeghdir I, Foureau E, Chefdor F, Glevarec G, Oudin A, Depierreux C, Morabito D, Brignolas F, Courdavault V, Héricourt F, Auguin D, Carpin S. Insights into B-type RR members as signaling partners acting downstream of HPt partners of HK1 in the osmotic stress response in Populus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:244-252. [PMID: 26126081 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The B-type response regulators (B-type RRs), final elements of a signaling pathway called "histidine/aspartate phosphorelay system" in plants, are devoted to the regulation of response genes through a transcription factor activity. Signal transduction consists in the transfer of a phosphoryl group from a transmembrane histidine kinase (HK) which recognizes a given stimulus to nuclear RRs via cytosolic shuttle phosphotransfer proteins (HPts). In Arabidopsis, the receptors HK are to date the major characterized candidates to be responsible for initiation of osmotic stress responses. However, little information is available concerning the signaling partners acting downstream of HKs. In Populus, three HPts and five B-type RRs were previously identified as interacting partners of HK1, the Arabidopsis AHK1 homolog. Here, we report the isolation of RR18, a member of the B-type RR family, which shares high sequence similarities with ARR18 characterized to act in the osmosensing signaling pathway in Arabidopsis, from poplar cuttings subjected to osmotic stress conditions. By using yeast and in planta interaction assays, RR18 was further identified as acting downstream of HK1 and its three preferential HPt partners. Besides, our results are in favor of a possible involvement of both RR18 and RR13, the main expressed poplar B-type RR, in the osmotic signaling pathway. Nonetheless, different behaviors of these two B-type RRs in this pathway need to be noted, with one RR, RR13, acting in an early phase, mainly in roots of poplar cuttings, and the other one, RR18, acting in a late phase, mainly in leaves to supply an adequate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bertheau
- Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Université de Toulon, EA 3819, Laboratoire Processus de Transferts et d'Echanges dans l'Environnement (PROTEE), 83957 La Garde Cedex, France
| | - Inès Djeghdir
- Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Emilien Foureau
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), 37200 Tours, France
| | - Françoise Chefdor
- Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Gaëlle Glevarec
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), 37200 Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), 37200 Tours, France
| | - Christiane Depierreux
- Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Domenico Morabito
- Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Franck Brignolas
- Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), 37200 Tours, France
| | - François Héricourt
- Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Sabine Carpin
- Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France; INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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Vercruyssen L, Tognetti VB, Gonzalez N, Van Dingenen J, De Milde L, Bielach A, De Rycke R, Van Breusegem F, Inzé D. GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR5 stimulates Arabidopsis chloroplast division, photosynthesis, and leaf longevity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:817-32. [PMID: 25604530 PMCID: PMC4348790 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.256180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf development relies on subsequent phases of cell proliferation and cell expansion. During the proliferation phase, chloroplasts need to divide extensively, and during the transition from cell proliferation to expansion, they differentiate into photosynthetically active chloroplasts, providing the plant with energy. The transcription factor GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR5 (GRF5) promotes the duration of the cell proliferation period during leaf development. Here, it is shown that GRF5 also stimulates chloroplast division, resulting in a higher chloroplast number per cell with a concomitant increase in chlorophyll levels in 35S:GRF5 leaves, which can sustain higher rates of photosynthesis. Moreover, 35S:GRF5 plants show delayed leaf senescence and are more tolerant for growth on nitrogen-depleted medium. Cytokinins also stimulate leaf growth in part by extending the cell proliferation phase, simultaneously delaying the onset of the cell expansion phase. In addition, cytokinins are known to be involved in chloroplast development, nitrogen signaling, and senescence. Evidence is provided that GRF5 and cytokinins synergistically enhance cell division and chlorophyll retention after dark-induced senescence, which suggests that they also cooperate to stimulate chloroplast division and nitrogen assimilation. Taken together with the increased leaf size, ectopic expression of GRF5 has great potential to improve plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Vercruyssen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); and Central European Institute of Technology, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic (V.B.T., A.B.)
| | - Vanesa B Tognetti
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); and Central European Institute of Technology, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic (V.B.T., A.B.)
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); and Central European Institute of Technology, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic (V.B.T., A.B.)
| | - Judith Van Dingenen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); and Central European Institute of Technology, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic (V.B.T., A.B.)
| | - Liesbeth De Milde
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); and Central European Institute of Technology, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic (V.B.T., A.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Bielach
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); and Central European Institute of Technology, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic (V.B.T., A.B.)
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); and Central European Institute of Technology, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic (V.B.T., A.B.)
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); and Central European Institute of Technology, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic (V.B.T., A.B.)
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (L.V., V.B.T., N.G., J.V.D., L.D.M., A.B., R.D.R., F.V.B., D.I.); and Central European Institute of Technology, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic (V.B.T., A.B.)
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Hsieh HL, Okamoto H. Molecular interaction of jasmonate and phytochrome A signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2847-57. [PMID: 24868039 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The phytochrome family of red (R) and far-red (FR) light receptors (phyA-phyE in Arabidopsis) play important roles throughout plant development and regulate elongation growth during de-etiolation and under light. Phytochromes regulate growth through interaction with the phytohormones gibberellin, auxin, and brassinosteroid. Recently it has been established that jasmonic acid (JA), a phytohormone for stress responses, namely wounding and defence, is also important in inhibition of hypocotyl growth regulated by phyA and phyB. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of the interaction between JA and phytochrome signalling particularly during seedling development in Arabidopsis. Significantly, JA biosynthesis genes are induced by phyA. The protein abundance of JAR1/FIN219, an enzyme for the final synthesis step to give JA-Ile, an active form of JA, is also determined by phyA. In addition, JAR1/FIN219 directly interacts with an E3-ligase, COP1, a master regulator for transcription factors regulating hypocotyl growth, suggesting a more direct role in growth regulation. There are a number of points of interaction in the molecular signalling of JA and phytochrome during seedling development in Arabidopsis, and we propose a model for how they work together to regulate hypocotyl growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haruko Okamoto
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
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30
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Cortleven A, Nitschke S, Klaumünzer M, AbdElgawad H, Asard H, Grimm B, Riefler M, Schmülling T. A novel protective function for cytokinin in the light stress response is mediated by the Arabidopsis histidine kinase2 and Arabidopsis histidine kinase3 receptors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1470-83. [PMID: 24424319 PMCID: PMC3938634 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.224667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are plant hormones that regulate diverse processes in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with a reduced cytokinin status (i.e. cytokinin receptor mutants and transgenic cytokinin-deficient plants) are more susceptible to light stress compared with wild-type plants. This was reflected by a stronger photoinhibition after 24 h of high light (approximately 1,000 µmol m(-2) s(-1)), as shown by the decline in maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry. Photosystem II, especially the D1 protein, is highly sensitive to the detrimental impact of light. Therefore, photoinhibition is always observed when the rate of photodamage exceeds the rate of D1 repair. We demonstrate that in plants with a reduced cytokinin status, the D1 protein level was strongly decreased upon light stress. Inhibition of the D1 repair cycle by lincomycin treatment indicated that these plants experience stronger photodamage. The efficiency of photoprotective mechanisms, such as nonenzymatic and enzymatic scavenging systems, was decreased in plants with a reduced cytokinin status, which could be a cause for the increased photodamage and subsequent D1 degradation. Additionally, slow and incomplete recovery in these plants after light stress indicated insufficient D1 repair. Mutant analysis revealed that the protective function of cytokinin during light stress depends on the Arabidopsis histidine KINASE2 (AHK2) and AHK3 receptors and the type B Arabidopsis response regulator1 (ARR1) and ARR12. We conclude that proper cytokinin signaling and regulation of specific target genes are necessary to protect leaves efficiently from light stress.
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Abstract
Cytokinins are N (6) substituted adenine derivatives that affect many aspects of plant growth and development, including cell division, shoot initiation and growth, leaf senescence, apical dominance, sink/source relationships, nutrient uptake, phyllotaxis, and vascular, gametophyte, and embryonic development, as well as the response to biotic and abiotic factors. Molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis have helped elucidate the mechanisms underlying the function of this phytohormone in plants. Here, we review our current understanding of cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling in Arabidopsis, the latter of which is similar to bacterial two-component phosphorelays. We discuss the perception of cytokinin by the ER-localized histidine kinase receptors, the role of the AHPs in mediating the transfer of the phosphoryl group from the receptors to the response regulators (ARRs), and finally the role of the large ARR family in cytokinin function. The identification and genetic manipulation of the genes involved in cytokinin metabolism and signaling have helped illuminate the roles of cytokinins in Arabidopsis. We discuss these diverse roles, and how other signaling pathways influence cytokinin levels and sensitivity though modulation of the expression of cytokinin signaling and metabolic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Kieber
- University of North Carolina, Biology Department, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755
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Immanen J, Nieminen K, Duchens Silva H, Rodríguez Rojas F, Meisel LA, Silva H, Albert VA, Hvidsten TR, Helariutta Y. Characterization of cytokinin signaling and homeostasis gene families in two hardwood tree species: Populus trichocarpa and Prunus persica. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:885. [PMID: 24341635 PMCID: PMC3866579 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Through the diversity of cytokinin regulated processes, this phytohormone has a profound impact on plant growth and development. Cytokinin signaling is involved in the control of apical and lateral meristem activity, branching pattern of the shoot, and leaf senescence. These processes influence several traits, including the stem diameter, shoot architecture, and perennial life cycle, which define the development of woody plants. To facilitate research about the role of cytokinin in regulation of woody plant development, we have identified genes associated with cytokinin signaling and homeostasis pathways from two hardwood tree species. Results Taking advantage of the sequenced black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and peach (Prunus persica) genomes, we have compiled a comprehensive list of genes involved in these pathways. We identified genes belonging to the six families of cytokinin oxidases (CKXs), isopentenyl transferases (IPTs), LONELY GUY genes (LOGs), two-component receptors, histidine containing phosphotransmitters (HPts), and response regulators (RRs). All together 85 Populus and 45 Prunus genes were identified, and compared to their Arabidopsis orthologs through phylogenetic analyses. Conclusions In general, when compared to Arabidopsis, differences in gene family structure were often seen in only one of the two tree species. However, one class of genes associated with cytokinin signal transduction, the CKI1-like family of two-component histidine kinases, was larger in both Populus and Prunus than in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ykä Helariutta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Ferro E, Trabalzini L. The yeast two-hybrid and related methods as powerful tools to study plant cell signalling. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:287-301. [PMID: 23794143 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
One basic property of proteins is their ability to specifically target and form non-covalent complexes with other proteins. Such protein-protein interactions play key roles in all biological processes, extending from the formation of cellular macromolecular structures and enzymatic complexes to the regulation of signal transduction pathways. Identifying and characterizing protein interactions and entire interaction networks (interactomes) is therefore prerequisite to understand these processes on a molecular and biophysical level. Since its original description in 1989, the yeast two-hybrid system has been extensively used to identify protein-protein interactions from many different organisms, thus providing a convenient mean to both screen for proteins that interact with a protein of interest and to characterize the known interaction between two proteins. In these years the technique has improved to overcome the limitations of the original assay, and many efforts have been made to scale up the technique and to adapt it to large scale studies. In addition, variations have been introduced to enlarge the range of proteins and interactors that can be assayed by hybrid-based approaches. Several groups studying molecular mechanisms that underlie plant cell signal transduction pathways have successfully used the yeast two-hybrid system or related methods. In this review we provide a brief description of the technology, attempt to point out some of the pitfalls and benefits of the different systems that can be employed, and mention some of the areas, within the plant cell signalling field, where hybrid-based interaction assays have been particularly informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ferro
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy,
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Kunikowska A, Byczkowska A, Doniak M, Kaźmierczak A. Cytokinins résumé: their signaling and role in programmed cell death in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:771-80. [PMID: 23579381 PMCID: PMC3654191 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are a large group of plant hormones which play a crucial role in many physiological processes in plants. One of the interesting functions of CKs is the control of programmed cell death (PCD). It seems that all CKs-dependent phenomena including PCD are accompanied by special multi-step phosphorelay signaling pathway. This pathway consists of three elements: histidine kinase receptors (HKs), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs) and response regulators (RRs). This review shows the résumé of the latest knowledge about CKs signaling pathways in many physiological processes in plants with special attention paid to PCD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kunikowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/133, 90236 Łódź, Poland
| | - A. Byczkowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/133, 90236 Łódź, Poland
| | - M. Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/133, 90236 Łódź, Poland
| | - A. Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/133, 90236 Łódź, Poland
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Bertheau L, Chefdor F, Guirimand G, Courdavault V, Depierreux C, Morabito D, Brignolas F, Héricourt F, Carpin S. Identification of five B-type response regulators as members of a multistep phosphorelay system interacting with histidine-containing phosphotransfer partners of Populus osmosensor. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:241. [PMID: 23253553 PMCID: PMC3562281 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, the multistep phosphorelay signaling pathway mediates responses to environmental factors and plant hormones. This system is composed of three successive partners: hybrid Histidine-aspartate Kinases (HKs), Histidine-containing Phosphotransfer proteins (HPts), and Response Regulators (RRs). Among the third partners, B-type RR family members are the final output elements of the pathway; they act as transcription factors and clearly play a pivotal role in the early response to cytokinin in Arabidopsis. While interactions studies between partners belonging to the multistep phosphorelay system are mainly focused on protagonists involved in cytokinin or ethylene pathways, very few reports are available concerning partners of osmotic stress signaling pathway. RESULTS In Populus, we identified eight B-type RR proteins, RR12-16, 19, 21 and 22 in the Dorskamp genotype. To assess HPt/B-type RR interactions and consequently determine potential third partners in the osmosensing multistep phosphorelay system, we performed global yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays in combination with Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) assays in plant cells. We found that all B-type RRs are able to interact with HPt predominant partners (HPt2, 7 and 9) of HK1, which is putatively involved in the osmosensing pathway. However, different profiles of interaction are observed depending on the studied HPt. HPt/RR interactions displayed a nuclear localization, while the nuclear and cytosolic localization of HPt and nuclear localization of RR proteins were validated. Although the nuclear localization of HPt/RR interaction was expected, this work constitutes the first evidence of such an interaction in plants. Furthermore, the pertinence of this partnership is reinforced by highlighting a co-expression of B-type RR transcripts and the other partners (HK1 and HPts) belonging to a potential osmosensing pathway. CONCLUSION Based on the interaction studies between identified B-type RR and HPt proteins, and the co-expression analysis of transcripts of these potential partners in poplar organs, our results favor the model that RR12, 13, 14, 16 and 19 are able to interact with the main partners of HK1, HPt2, 7 and 9, and this HPt/RR interaction occurs within the nucleus. On the whole, the five B-type RRs of interest could be third protagonists putatively involved in the osmosensing signaling pathway in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bertheau
- Université d’Orléans, UFR-Faculté des Sciences, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
- INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
| | - Françoise Chefdor
- Université d’Orléans, UFR-Faculté des Sciences, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
- INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
| | - Grégory Guirimand
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 31 avenue Monge, Tours, 37200, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 31 avenue Monge, Tours, 37200, France
| | - Christiane Depierreux
- Université d’Orléans, UFR-Faculté des Sciences, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
- INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
| | - Domenico Morabito
- Université d’Orléans, UFR-Faculté des Sciences, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
- INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
| | - Franck Brignolas
- Université d’Orléans, UFR-Faculté des Sciences, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
- INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
| | - François Héricourt
- Université d’Orléans, UFR-Faculté des Sciences, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
- INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
| | - Sabine Carpin
- Université d’Orléans, UFR-Faculté des Sciences, UPRES EA 1207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
- INRA, USC1328, Arbres et Réponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), BP 6759, Orléans, F-45067, France
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Veerabagu M, Elgass K, Kirchler T, Huppenberger P, Harter K, Chaban C, Mira-Rodado V. The Arabidopsis B-type response regulator 18 homomerizes and positively regulates cytokinin responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:721-31. [PMID: 22775331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the two-component system (TCS) is a signaling mechanism based on a His-to-Asp phosphorelay. The Arabidopsis TCS involves three different types of proteins, namely the histidine kinases (AHKs), the histidine phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs) and the response regulators (ARRs). The ARRs comprise three different families, namely A, B and C types, according to their protein structure. While some members of the B-type family of ARRs have been studied extensively and reported to act as DNA-binding transcriptional regulators, very limited information is available for other B-type ARRs such as ARR18. In this study, we characterize in detail the molecular and functional properties of ARR18. ARR18 acts as a transcriptional regulator in plant cells and forms homodimers in planta as shown by FRET-FLIM studies. As demonstrated by mutational analysis, the aspartate at position 70 (D70) in the receiver domain of ARR18 acts as crucial phosphorylation site. The modification of D70 affects the response regulator's ability to homodimerize and to activate its target genes. Furthermore, physiological investigations of Arabidopsis lines ectopically expressing ARR18 introduce ARR18 as a new member within the cytokinin-regulated response pathway regulating root elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Veerabagu
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology-ZMBP, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Mira-Rodado V, Veerabagu M, Witthöft J, Teply J, Harter K, Desikan R. Identification of two-component system elements downstream of AHK5 in the stomatal closure response of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1467-76. [PMID: 22951399 PMCID: PMC3548872 DOI: 10.4161/psb.21898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To optimize water use efficiency, plants regulate stomatal closure through a complex signaling process. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is produced in response to several environmental stimuli, and has been identified as a key second messenger involved in the regulation of stomatal aperture. The Arabidopsis histidine kinase 5 (AHK5) has been shown to regulate stomatal closure in response to H₂O₂ and other stimuli that depend on H₂O₂. AHK5 is a member of the two-component system (TCS) in Arabidopsis. The plant TCS comprises three different protein types: the hybrid histidine kinases (HKs), the phosphotransfer proteins (HPs) and the response regulators (RRs). Here we determined TCS elements involved in H₂O₂- and ethylene-dependent stomatal closure downstream of AHK5. By yeast and in planta interaction assays and functional studies, AHP1, 2 and 5 as well as the response regulators ARR4 and ARR7 were identified acting downstream of AHK5 in the ethylene and H₂O₂ response pathways of guard cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that aspartate phosphorylation of ARR4 is only required for the H₂O₂- but not for the ethylene-induced stomatal closure response. Our data suggest the presence of a complex TCS signaling network comprising of at least AHK5, several AHPs and response regulators, which modulate stomatal closure in response to H₂O₂ and ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virtudes Mira-Rodado
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP); Department of Plant Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manikandan Veerabagu
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP); Department of Plant Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janika Witthöft
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP); Department of Plant Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Teply
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP); Department of Plant Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP); Department of Plant Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Radhika Desikan
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London, South Kensington; London; United Kingdom
- Correspondence to: Radhika Desikan,
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Nongpiur R, Soni P, Karan R, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Histidine kinases in plants: cross talk between hormone and stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1230-7. [PMID: 22902699 PMCID: PMC3493402 DOI: 10.4161/psb.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-component signaling pathways involve sensory histidine kinases (HK), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HpT) and response regulators (RR). Recent advancements in genome sequencing projects for a number of plant species have established the TCS family to be multigenic one. In plants, HKs operate through the His-Asp phosphorelay and control many physiological and developmental processes throughout the lifecycle of plants. Despite the huge diversity reported for the structural features of the HKs, their functional redundancy has also been reported via mutant approach. Several sensory HKs having a CHASE domain, transmembrane domain(s), transmitter domain and receiver domain have been reported to be involved in cytokinin and ethylene signaling. On the other hand, there are also increasing evidences for some of the sensory HKs to be performing their role as osmosensor, clearly indicating toward a possible cross-talk between hormone and stress responsive cascades. In this review, we bring out the latest knowledge about the structure and functions of histidine kinases in cytokinin and ethylene signaling and their role(s) in development and the regulation of environmental stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsong Nongpiur
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory; School of Life Sciences: Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Soni
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory; School of Life Sciences: Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi, India
| | - Ratna Karan
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory; School of Life Sciences: Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
- Plant Molecular Biology; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory; School of Life Sciences: Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi, India
- Correspondence to: Ashwani Pareek,
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Ho CL, Wu Y, Shen HB, Provart NJ, Geisler M. A predicted protein interactome for rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 5:15. [PMID: 24279740 PMCID: PMC4883691 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-5-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) create the steps in signaling and regulatory networks central to most fundamental biological processes. It is possible to predict these interactions by making use of experimentally determined orthologous interactions in other species. RESULTS In this study, prediction of PPIs in rice was carried out by the interolog method of mapping deduced orthologous genes to protein interactions supported by experimental evidence from reference organisms. We predicted 37112 interactions for 4567 rice proteins, including 1671 predicted self interactions (homo-interactions) and 35441 predicted interactions between different proteins (hetero-interactions). These matched 168 of 675 experimentally-determined interactions in rice. Interacting proteins were significantly more co-expressed than expected by chance, which is typical of experimentally-determined interactomes. The rice interacting proteins were divided topologically into 981 free ends (proteins with single interactions), 499 pipes (proteins with two interactions) and 3087 hubs of different sizes ranging from three to more than 100 interactions. CONCLUSIONS This predicted rice interactome extends known pathways and improves functional annotation of unknown rice proteins and networks in rice, and is easily explored with software tools presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai-Ling Ho
- />Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM-Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yingzhou Wu
- />Department of Cell & Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Hong-bin Shen
- />Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- />Department of Cell & Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Matt Geisler
- />Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Ave., Life Science II, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509 USA
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Shi X, Rashotte AM. Advances in upstream players of cytokinin phosphorelay: receptors and histidine phosphotransfer proteins. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:789-99. [PMID: 22350315 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that have been linked to numerous growth and developmental aspects in plants. The cytokinin signal is perceived by sensor histidine kinase receptors and transmitted via histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPts) to downstream response regulators. Since their discovery, cytokinin receptors have been a focus of interest for many researchers. Ongoing research on these transmembrane receptors has greatly broadened our knowledge in terms of cytokinin-receptor interaction, receptor specificity, receptor cellular localization, and receptor functions in cytokinin related growth and developmental processes. This review focuses on the recent advances on the cytokinin receptors and HPt proteins in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Tsai YC, Weir NR, Hill K, Zhang W, Kim HJ, Shiu SH, Schaller GE, Kieber JJ. Characterization of genes involved in cytokinin signaling and metabolism from rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:1666-84. [PMID: 22383541 PMCID: PMC3320177 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.192765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-component signaling elements play important roles in plants, including a central role in cytokinin signaling. We characterized two-component elements from the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) using several complementary approaches. Phylogenetic analysis reveals relatively simple orthologous relationships among the histidine kinases in rice and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In contrast, the histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (OsHPs) and response regulators (OsRRs) display a higher degree of lineage-specific expansion. The intracellular localizations of several OsHPs and OsRRs were examined in rice and generally found to correspond to the localizations of their dicot counterparts. The functionality of rice type-B OsRRs was tested in Arabidopsis; one from a clade composed of both monocot and dicot type-B OsRRs complemented an Arabidopsis type-B response regulator mutant, but a type-B OsRR from a monocot-specific subfamily generally did not. The expression of genes encoding two-component elements and proteins involved in cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation was analyzed in rice roots and shoots and in response to phytohormones. Nearly all type-A OsRRs and OsHK4 were up-regulated in response to cytokinin, but other cytokinin signaling elements were not appreciably affected. Furthermore, multiple cytokinin oxidase (OsCKX) genes were up-regulated by cytokinin. Abscisic acid treatment decreased the expression of several genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation. Auxin affected the expression of a few genes; brassinosteroid and gibberellin had only modest effects. Our results support a shared role for two-component elements in mediating cytokinin signaling in monocots and dicots and reveal how phytohormones can impact cytokinin function through modulating gene expression.
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Jogaiah S, Govind SR, Tran LSP. Systems biology-based approaches toward understanding drought tolerance in food crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:23-39. [PMID: 22364373 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.659174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Economically important crops, such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and other food crops are affected by even small changes in water potential at important growth stages. Developing a comprehensive understanding of host response to drought requires a global view of the complex mechanisms involved. Research on drought tolerance has generally been conducted using discipline-specific approaches. However, plant stress response is complex and interlinked to a point where discipline-specific approaches do not give a complete global analysis of all the interlinked mechanisms. Systems biology perspective is needed to understand genome-scale networks required for building long-lasting drought resistance. Network maps have been constructed by integrating multiple functional genomics data with both model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Lotus japonicus, and Medicago truncatula, and various food crops, such as rice and soybean. Useful functional genomics data have been obtained from genome-wide comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses of drought responses from different crops. This integrative approach used by many groups has led to identification of commonly regulated signaling pathways and genes following exposure to drought. Combination of functional genomics and systems biology is very useful for comparative analysis of other food crops and has the ability to develop stable food systems worldwide. In addition, studying desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants will unravel how combination of molecular genetic and metabolic processes interacts to produce a resurrection phenotype. Systems biology-based approaches have helped in understanding how these individual factors and mechanisms (biochemical, molecular, and metabolic) "interact" spatially and temporally. Signaling network maps of such interactions are needed that can be used to design better engineering strategies for improving drought tolerance of important crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudisha Jogaiah
- Downy Mildew Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Despite long-standing observations on diverse cytokinin actions, the discovery path to cytokinin signaling mechanisms was tortuous. Unyielding to conventional genetic screens, experimental innovations were paramount in unraveling the core cytokinin signaling circuitry, which employs a large repertoire of genes with overlapping and specific functions. The canonical two-component transcription circuitry involves His kinases that perceive cytokinin and initiate signaling, as well as His-to-Asp phosphorelay proteins that transfer phosphoryl groups to response regulators, transcriptional activators, or repressors. Recent advances have revealed the complex physiological functions of cytokinins, including interactions with auxin and other signal transduction pathways. This review begins by outlining the historical path to cytokinin discovery and then elucidates the diverse cytokinin functions and key signaling components. Highlights focus on the integration of cytokinin signaling components into regulatory networks in specific contexts, ranging from molecular, cellular, and developmental regulations in the embryo, root apical meristem, shoot apical meristem, stem and root vasculature, and nodule organogenesis to organismal responses underlying immunity, stress tolerance, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
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Zalabák D, Pospíšilová H, Šmehilová M, Mrízová K, Frébort I, Galuszka P. Genetic engineering of cytokinin metabolism: prospective way to improve agricultural traits of crop plants. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 31:97-117. [PMID: 22198203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are ubiquitous phytohormones that participate in development, morphogenesis and many physiological processes throughout plant kingdom. In higher plants, mutants and transgenic cells and tissues with altered activity of CK metabolic enzymes or perception machinery, have highlighted their crucial involvement in different agriculturally important traits, such as productivity, increased tolerance to various stresses and overall plant morphology. Furthermore, recent precise metabolomic analyses have elucidated the specific occurrence and distinct functions of different CK types in various plant species. Thus, smooth manipulation of active CK levels in a spatial and temporal way could be a very potent tool for plant biotechnology in the future. This review summarises recent advances in cytokinin research ranging from transgenic alteration of CK biosynthetic, degradation and glucosylation activities and CK perception to detailed elucidation of molecular processes, in which CKs work as a trigger in model plants. The first attempts to improve the quality of crop plants, focused on cereals are discussed, together with proposed mechanism of action of the responses involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zalabák
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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45
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Capuano F, Bond NJ, Gatto L, Beaudoin F, Napier JA, Benvenuto E, Lilley KS, Baschieri S. LC-MS/MS Methods for Absolute Quantification and Identification of Proteins Associated with Chimeric Plant Oil Bodies. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9267-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201733m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Capuano
- Laboratorio Biotecnologie Unità Tecnica BIORAD, ENEA C.R. Casaccia, 00123 Roma, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Bond
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Gatto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenio Benvenuto
- Laboratorio Biotecnologie Unità Tecnica BIORAD, ENEA C.R. Casaccia, 00123 Roma, Italy
| | - Kathryn S. Lilley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Selene Baschieri
- Laboratorio Biotecnologie Unità Tecnica BIORAD, ENEA C.R. Casaccia, 00123 Roma, Italy
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46
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Caesar K, Thamm AMK, Witthöft J, Elgass K, Huppenberger P, Grefen C, Horak J, Harter K. Evidence for the localization of the Arabidopsis cytokinin receptors AHK3 and AHK4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5571-80. [PMID: 21841169 PMCID: PMC3223052 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are hormones that are involved in various processes of plant growth and development. The model of cytokinin signalling starts with hormone perception through membrane-localized histidine kinase receptors. Although the biochemical properties and functions of these receptors have been extensively studied, there is no solid proof of their subcellular localization. Here, cell biological and biochemical evidence for the localization of functional fluorophor-tagged fusions of Arabidopsis histidine kinase 3 (AHK3) and 4 (AHK4), members of the cytokinin receptor family, in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is provided. Furthermore, membrane-bound AHK3 interacts with AHK4 in vivo. The ER localization and putative function of cytokinin receptors from the ER have major impacts on the concept of cytokinin perception and signalling, and hormonal cross-talk in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Caesar
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antje M. K. Thamm
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janika Witthöft
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Elgass
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Huppenberger
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Grefen
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jakub Horak
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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47
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Cutcliffe JW, Hellmann E, Heyl A, Rashotte AM. CRFs form protein-protein interactions with each other and with members of the cytokinin signalling pathway in Arabidopsis via the CRF domain. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:4995-5002. [PMID: 21705390 PMCID: PMC3193008 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin is a plant hormone essential for growth and development. The elucidation of its signalling pathway as a variant of the bacterial two-component signalling system (TCS) has led to a better understanding of how this hormone is involved in general plant processes. A set of cytokinin-regulated transcription factors known as cytokinin response factors (CRFs) have been described as a potential branch emanating from the TCS, yet little is known about how CRFs actually interact with each other and with members of the TCS pathway. Here the interactions of CRF proteins (CRF1-CRF8) using the yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation in planta assays are described. It was found that CRFs are readily able to form both homo- and heterodimers with each other. The first analysis of CRF versus TCS pathway protein interactions is also provided, which indicates that CRFs (CRF1-CRF8) are able specifically to interact directly with most of the Arabidopsis histidine-phosphotransfer proteins (AHP1-AHP5) further solidifying their link to the cytokinin signalling pathway. In addition, the region of CRF proteins involved in these interactions was mapped and it was determined that the clade-specific CRF domain alone is sufficient for these interactions. This is the first described function for the CRF domain in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Cutcliffe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Eva Hellmann
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Free University, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Heyl
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Free University, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aaron M. Rashotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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48
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Li SS, Xu K, Wilkins MR. Visualization and Analysis of the Complexome Network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4744-56. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200548c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. Li
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kai Xu
- National ICT Australia Ltd, Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia and Interaction Design Centre, School of Engineering and Information Sciences, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R. Wilkins
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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49
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Pekárová B, Klumpler T, Třísková O, Horák J, Jansen S, Dopitová R, Borkovcová P, Papoušková V, Nejedlá E, Sklenář V, Marek J, Zídek L, Hejátko J, Janda L. Structure and binding specificity of the receiver domain of sensor histidine kinase CKI1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 67:827-839. [PMID: 21569135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Multistep phosphorelay (MSP) signaling mediates responses to a variety of important stimuli in plants. In Arabidopsis MSP, the signal is transferred from sensor histidine kinase (HK) via histidine phosphotransfer proteins (AHP1-AHP5) to nuclear response regulators. In contrast to ancestral two-component signaling in bacteria, protein interactions in plant MSP are supposed to be rather nonspecific. Here, we show that the C-terminal receiver domain of HK CKI1 (CKI1(RD) ) is responsible for the recognition of CKI1 downstream signaling partners, and specifically interacts with AHP2, AHP3 and AHP5 with different affinities. We studied the effects of Mg²⁺, the co-factor necessary for signal transduction via MSP, and phosphorylation-mimicking BeF₃⁻ on CKI1(RD) in solution, and determined the crystal structure of free CKI1(RD) and CKI1(RD) in a complex with Mg²⁺. We found that the structure of CKI1(RD) shares similarities with the only known structure of plant HK, ETR1(RD) , with the main differences being in loop L3. Magnesium binding induces the rearrangement of some residues around the active site of CKI1(RD) , as was determined by both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Collectively, these results provide initial insights into the nature of molecular mechanisms determining the specificity of MSP signaling and MSP catalysis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Pekárová
- Department of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic
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50
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Wulfetange K, Lomin SN, Romanov GA, Stolz A, Heyl A, Schmülling T. The cytokinin receptors of Arabidopsis are located mainly to the endoplasmic reticulum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1808-18. [PMID: 21709172 PMCID: PMC3149959 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.180539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone cytokinin is perceived by membrane-located sensor histidine kinases. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) possesses three cytokinin receptors: ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE2 (AHK2), AHK3, and CYTOKININ RESPONSE1/AHK4. The current model predicts perception of the cytokinin signal at the plasma membrane. However, cytokinin-binding studies with membrane fractions separated by two-phase partitioning showed that in the wild type, as well as in mutants retaining only single cytokinin receptors, the major part of specific cytokinin binding was associated with endomembranes. Leaf epidermal cells of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) expressing receptor-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis showed strong fluorescence of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network for all three receptors. Furthermore, separation of the microsomal fraction of Arabidopsis plants expressing Myc-tagged AHK2 and AHK3 receptors by sucrose gradient centrifugation followed by immunoblotting displayed the Mg²⁺-dependent density shift typical of ER membrane proteins. Cytokinin-binding assays, fluorescent fusion proteins, and biochemical fractionation all showed that the large majority of cytokinin receptors are localized to the ER, suggesting a central role of this compartment in cytokinin signaling. A modified model for cytokinin signaling is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin D–14195, Germany (K.W., A.S., A.H., T.S.); Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia (S.N.L., G.A.R.)
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