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Sandoval A, Garrido E, Camacho J, Magaña JJ, Cisneros B. Altered expression and localization of nuclear envelope proteins in a prostate cancer cell system. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:898. [PMID: 39115711 PMCID: PMC11310284 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear envelope (NE), which is composed of the outer and inner nuclear membranes, the nuclear pore complex and the nuclear lamina, regulates a plethora of cellular processes, including those that restrict cancer development (genomic stability, cell cycle regulation, and cell migration). Thus, impaired NE is functionally related to tumorigenesis, and monitoring of NE alterations is used to diagnose cancer. However, the chronology of NE changes occurring during cancer evolution and the connection between them remained to be precisely defined, due to the lack of appropriate cell models. METHODS The expression and subcellular localization of NE proteins (lamins A/C and B1 and the inner nuclear membrane proteins emerin and β-dystroglycan [β-DG]) during prostate cancer progression were analyzed, using confocal microscopy and western blot assays, and a prostate cancer cell system comprising RWPE-1 epithelial prostate cells and several prostate cancer cell lines with different invasiveness. RESULTS Deformed nuclei and the mislocalization and low expression of lamin A/C, lamin B1, and emerin became more prominent as the invasiveness of the prostate cancer lines increased. Suppression of lamin A/C expression was an early event during prostate cancer evolution, while a more extensive deregulation of NE proteins, including β-DG, occurred in metastatic prostate cells. CONCLUSIONS The RWPE-1 cell line-based system was found to be suitable for the correlation of NE impairment with prostate cancer invasiveness and determination of the chronology of NE alterations during prostate carcinogenesis. Further study of this cell system would help to identify biomarkers for prostate cancer prognosis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Sandoval
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, 07360, México
| | - Efrain Garrido
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, 07360, México
| | - Javier Camacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, 07360, México
| | - Jonathan Javier Magaña
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética (CENIAQ), Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de México, 14389, México
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, 14380, México
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, 07360, México.
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2
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Lu B, Liu Y, Yao Y, Yang T, Zhang H, Yang X, Huang R, Zhou W, Pan X, Cui X. Advances in sequencing and omics studies in prostate cancer: unveiling molecular pathogenesis and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1355551. [PMID: 38800374 PMCID: PMC11116611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1355551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most threatening health problems for the elderly males. However, our understanding of the disease has been limited by the research technology for a long time. Recently, the maturity of sequencing technology and omics studies has been accelerating the studies of PCa, establishing themselves as an essential impetus in this field. Methods We assessed Web of Science (WoS) database for publications of sequencing and omics studies in PCa on July 3rd, 2023. Bibliometrix was used to conduct ulterior bibliometric analysis of countries/affiliations, authors, sources, publications, and keywords. Subsequently, purposeful large amounts of literature reading were proceeded to analyze research hotspots in this field. Results 3325 publications were included in the study. Research associated with sequencing and omics studies in PCa had shown an obvious increase recently. The USA and China were the most productive countries, and harbored close collaboration. CHINNAIYAN AM was identified as the most influential author, and CANCER RESEARCH exhibited huge impact in this field. Highly cited publications and their co-citation relationships were used to filtrate literatures for subsequent literature reading. Based on keyword analysis and large amounts of literature reading, 'the molecular pathogenesis of PCa' and 'the clinical application of sequencing and omics studies in PCa' were summarized as two research hotspots in the field. Conclusion Sequencing technology had a deep impact on the studies of PCa. Sequencing and omics studies in PCa helped researchers reveal the molecular pathogenesis, and provided new possibilities for the clinical practice of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Lu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuntao Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyue Yang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuwu Pan
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingang Cui
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cancer proteomics: Application of case studies in diverse cancers. Proteomics 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95072-5.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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4
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Vujicic I, Rusevski A, Stankov O, Popov Z, Dimovski A, Davalieva K. Potential Role of Seven Proteomics Tissue Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer in Urine. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123184. [PMID: 36553191 PMCID: PMC9777474 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the currently available tests for the clinical management of prostate cancer (PCa) are still far from providing precise diagnosis and risk stratification, the identification of new molecular marker(s) remains a pertinent clinical need. Candidate PCa biomarkers from the published proteomic comparative studies of prostate tissue (2002-2020) were collected and systematically evaluated. AZGP1, MDH2, FABP5, ENO1, GSTP1, GSTM2, and EZR were chosen for further evaluation in the urine of 85 PCa patients and controls using ELISA. Statistically significant differences in protein levels between PCa and BPH showed FABP5 (p = 0.019) and ENO1 (p = 0.015). A biomarker panel based on the combination of FABP5, ENO1, and PSA provided the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.795) for PCa detection. The combination of FABP5, EZR, AZGP1, and MDH2 showed AUC = 0.889 in PCa prognosis, with 85.29% of the samples correctly classified into low and high Gleason score (GS) groups. The addition of PSA to the panel slightly increased the AUC to 0.914. AZGP1, FABP5, and EZR showed significant correlation with GS, stage, and percentage of positive biopsy cores. Although validation using larger patient cohorts will be necessary to establish the credibility of the proposed biomarker panels in a clinical context, this study opens a way for the further testing of more high-quality proteomics biomarkers, which could ultimately add value to the clinical management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vujicic
- University Clinic for Urology, University Clinical Centre “Mother Theresa”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Rusevski
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Oliver Stankov
- University Clinic for Urology, University Clinical Centre “Mother Theresa”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Zivko Popov
- Clinical Hospital “Acibadem Sistina”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Medical Faculty, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Katarina Davalieva
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Correspondence:
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Discovery of surface biomarkers for cell mechanophenotype via an intracellular protein-based enrichment strategy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:320. [PMID: 35622146 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cellular mechanophenotype is often a defining characteristic of conditions like cancer malignancy/metastasis, cardiovascular disease, lung and liver fibrosis, and stem cell differentiation. However, acquiring living cells based on mechanophenotype is challenging for conventional cell sorters due to a lack of biomarkers. In this study, we demonstrate a workflow for surface protein discovery associated with cellular mechanophenotype. We sorted heterogeneous adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) into groups with low vs. high lamin A/C, an intracellular protein linked to whole-cell mechanophenotype. Proteomic data of enriched groups identified surface protein candidates as potential biochemical proxies for ASC mechanophenotype. Select surface biomarkers were used for live-cell enrichment, with subsequent single-cell mechanical testing and lineage-specific differentiation. Ultimately, we identified CD44 to have a strong inverse correlation with whole-cell elastic modulus, with CD44lo cells exhibiting moduli three times greater than that of CD44hi cells. Functionally, these stiff and soft ASCs showed enhanced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential, respectively. The described workflow can be replicated for any phenotype with a known correlated intracellular protein, allowing for the acquisition of live cells for further characterization, diagnostics, or therapeutics.
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6
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Multiparametric MRI and Radiomics in Prostate Cancer: A Review of the Current Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101829. [PMID: 34679527 PMCID: PMC8534893 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the fourth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death of men worldwide. Multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) has high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of PCa, and it is currently the most widely used imaging technique for tumor localization and cancer staging. mp-MRI plays a key role in risk stratification of naïve patients, in active surveillance for low-risk patients, and in monitoring recurrence after definitive therapy. Radiomics is an emerging and promising tool which allows a quantitative tumor evaluation from radiological images via conversion of digital images into mineable high-dimensional data. The purpose of radiomics is to increase the features available to detect PCa, to avoid unnecessary biopsies, to define tumor aggressiveness, and to monitor post-treatment recurrence of PCa. The integration of radiomics data, including different imaging modalities (such as PET-CT) and other clinical and histopathological data, could improve the prediction of tumor aggressiveness as well as guide clinical decisions and patient management. The purpose of this review is to describe the current research applications of radiomics in PCa on MR images.
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Setti Boubaker N, Gurtner A, Trabelsi N, Manni I, Ayed H, Saadi A, Zaghbib S, Naimi Z, Sahraoui G, Zouari S, Meddeb K, Mrad K, Chebil M, Piaggio G, Ouerhani S. The diagnostic applicability of A-type Lamin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 54:151808. [PMID: 34438192 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lamin A is a major component of the nuclear lamina maintaining nuclear integrity, regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Its deregulation in cancer has been recently reported to be associated with its prognosis. However, its clinical significance in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains to be defined. MATERIAL/METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR were performed to screen the expression patterns of Lamin A/C protein and Lamin A mRNA respectively in 58 high and low grade NMIBC specimens. RESULTS Lamin A/C protein was expressed only in the nucleus and less exhibited in NMIBC tissues compared to non-tumoral ones. On the other side, Lamin A mRNA was up-regulated in NMIBC compared to controls. Nevertheless, both expression patterns (protein and mRNA) were not correlated to clinical prognosis factors and were not able to predict the overall survival of patients with high-grade NMIBC. CONCLUSIONS The deregulation of A-type Lamin is not associated with the prognosis of NMIBC, but it could serve as a diagnostic biomarker distinguishing NMIBC patients from healthy subjects suggesting its involvement as an initiator event of tumorigenesis in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Setti Boubaker
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), INSAT, University of Tunis Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia; UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nesrine Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), INSAT, University of Tunis Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Haroun Ayed
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ahmed Saadi
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Selim Zaghbib
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Zeineb Naimi
- Medical Oncology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ghada Sahraoui
- Pathology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Skander Zouari
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Khedija Meddeb
- Medical Oncology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Karima Mrad
- Pathology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Chebil
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Slah Ouerhani
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), INSAT, University of Tunis Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Ray AM, Salim N, Stevens M, Chitre S, Abdeen S, Washburn A, Sivinski J, O'Hagan HM, Chapman E, Johnson SM. Exploiting the HSP60/10 chaperonin system as a chemotherapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116129. [PMID: 33971488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, an increasing variety of molecular chaperones have been investigated for their role in tumorigenesis and as potential chemotherapeutic targets; however, the 60 kDa Heat Shock Protein (HSP60), along with its HSP10 co-chaperone, have received little attention in this regard. In the present study, we investigated two series of our previously developed inhibitors of the bacterial homolog of HSP60/10, called GroEL/ES, for their selective cytotoxicity to cancerous over non-cancerous colorectal cells. We further developed a third "hybrid" series of analogs to identify new candidates with superior properties than the two parent scaffolds. Using a series of well-established HSP60/10 biochemical screens and cell-viability assays, we identified 24 inhibitors (14%) that exhibited > 3-fold selectivity for targeting colorectal cancer over non-cancerous cells. Notably, cell viability EC50 results correlated with the relative expression of HSP60 in the mitochondria, suggesting a potential for this HSP60-targeting chemotherapeutic strategy as emerging evidence indicates that HSP60 is up-regulated in colorectal cancer tumors. Further examination of five lead candidates indicated their ability to inhibit the clonogenicity and migration of colorectal cancer cells. These promising results are the most thorough analysis and first reported instance of HSP60/10 inhibitors being able to selectively target colorectal cancer cells and highlight the potential of the HSP60/10 chaperonin system as a viable chemotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Ray
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Nilshad Salim
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Mckayla Stevens
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Siddhi Chitre
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Sanofar Abdeen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alex Washburn
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Heather M O'Hagan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Program and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 1001 East 3rd St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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A targeted antisense therapeutic approach for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Nat Med 2021; 27:536-545. [PMID: 33707773 PMCID: PMC10158310 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare accelerated aging disorder characterized by premature death from myocardial infarction or stroke. It is caused by de novo single-nucleotide mutations in the LMNA gene that activate a cryptic splice donor site, resulting in the production of a toxic form of lamin A, which is termed progerin. Here we present a potential genetic therapeutic strategy that utilizes antisense peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) to block pathogenic splicing of mutant transcripts. Of several candidates, PPMO SRP-2001 provided the most significant decrease in progerin transcripts in patient fibroblasts. Intravenous delivery of SRP-2001 to a transgenic mouse model of HGPS produced significant reduction of progerin transcripts in the aorta, a particularly critical target tissue in HGPS. Long-term continuous treatment with SRP-2001 yielded a 61.6% increase in lifespan and rescue of vascular smooth muscle cell loss in large arteries. These results provide a rationale for proceeding to human trials.
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Dubik N, Mai S. Lamin A/C: Function in Normal and Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123688. [PMID: 33316938 PMCID: PMC7764147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this review is to summarize lamin A/C’s currently known functions in both normal and diseased cells. Lamin A/C is a nuclear protein with many functions in cells, such as maintaining a cell’s structural stability, cell motility, mechanosensing, chromosome organization, gene regulation, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, and telomere protection. Mutations of the lamin A/C gene, incorrect processing of the protein, and lamin A/C deregulation can lead to various diseases and cancer. This review touches on diseases caused by mutation and incorrect processing of lamin A/C, called laminopathies. The effect of lamin A/C deregulation in cancer is also reviewed, and lamin A/C’s potential in helping to diagnose prostate cancers more accurately is discussed. Abstract This review is focused on lamin A/C, a nuclear protein with multiple functions in normal and diseased cells. Its functions, as known to date, are summarized. This summary includes its role in maintaining a cell’s structural stability, cell motility, mechanosensing, chromosome organization, gene regulation, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, and telomere protection. As lamin A/C has a variety of critical roles within the cell, mutations of the lamin A/C gene and incorrect processing of the protein results in a wide variety of diseases, ranging from striated muscle disorders to accelerated aging diseases. These diseases, collectively termed laminopathies, are also touched upon. Finally, we review the existing evidence of lamin A/C’s deregulation in cancer. Lamin A/C deregulation leads to various traits, including genomic instability and increased tolerance to mechanical insult, which can lead to more aggressive cancer and poorer prognosis. As lamin A/C’s expression in specific cancers varies widely, currently known lamin A/C expression in various cancers is reviewed. Additionally, Lamin A/C’s potential as a biomarker in various cancers and as an aid in more accurately diagnosing intermediate Gleason score prostate cancers is also discussed.
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Blank M. Targeted Regulation of Nuclear Lamins by Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061340. [PMID: 32471220 PMCID: PMC7348791 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins (NLs) are essential components of the animal cell nucleus involved in the regulation of a plethora of molecular and cellular processes. These include the nuclear envelope assembly and stability, mechanotransduction and chromatin organization, transcription, DNA replication, damage repair, and genomic integrity maintenance. Mutations in NLs can lead to the development of a wide range of distinct disease phenotypes, laminopathies, consisting of cardiac, neuromuscular, metabolic and premature aging syndromes. In addition, alterations in the expression of nuclear lamins were associated with different types of neoplastic diseases. Despite the importance and critical roles that NLs play in the diverse cellular activities, we only recently started to uncover the complexity of regulatory mechanisms governing their expression, localization and functions. This integrative review summarizes and discusses the recent findings on the emerging roles of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers (ULMs) in the regulation of NLs, highlighting the intriguing molecular associations and cross-talks occurring between NLs and these regulatory molecules under physiological conditions and in the disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
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12
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Cancer associated fibroblast: Mediators of tumorigenesis. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:19-34. [PMID: 32450219 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer onset, development, and progression. The majority of clinical interventions are designed to target either cancer or stroma cells. These emphases have been directed by one of two prevailing theories in the field, the Somatic Mutation Theory and the Tissue Organization Field Theory, which represent two seemingly opposing concepts. This review proposes that the two theories are mutually inclusive and should be concurrently considered for cancer treatments. Specifically, this review discusses the dynamic and reciprocal processes between stromal cells and extracellular matrices, using pancreatic cancer as an example, to demonstrate the inclusivity of the theories. Furthermore, this review highlights the functions of cancer associated fibroblasts, which represent the major stromal cell type, as important mediators of the known cancer hallmarks that the two theories attempt to explain.
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Meaburn KJ, Misteli T. Assessment of the Utility of Gene Positioning Biomarkers in the Stratification of Prostate Cancers. Front Genet 2019; 10:1029. [PMID: 31681438 PMCID: PMC6812139 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for additional clinical biomarkers to predict the aggressiveness of individual cancers. Here, we examine the potential usefulness of spatial genome organization as a prognostic tool for prostate cancer. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded human prostate tissue specimens, we compared the nuclear positions of four genes between clinically relevant subgroups of prostate tissues. We find that directional repositioning of SP100 and TGFB3 gene loci stratifies prostate cancers of differing Gleason scores. A more peripheral position of SP100 and TGFB3 in the nucleus, compared to benign tissues, is associated with low Gleason score cancers, whereas more internal positioning correlates with higher Gleason scores. Conversely, LMNA is more internally positioned in many non-metastatic prostate cancers, while its position is indistinguishable from benign tissue in metastatic cancer. The false positive rates were relatively low, whereas, the false negative rates of single or combinations of genes were high, limiting the clinical utility of this assay in its current form. Nevertheless, our findings of subtype-specific gene positioning patterns in prostate cancer provides proof-of-concept for the potential usefulness of spatial gene positioning for prognostic applications, and encourage further exploration of spatial gene positioning patterns to identify novel clinically relevant molecular biomarkers, which may aid treatment decisions for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Meaburn
- Cell Biology of Genomes Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tom Misteli
- Cell Biology of Genomes Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer. A Tangled Topic. Which Role for Proteomics? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Chen YT, Tsai CH, Chen CL, Yu JS, Chang YH. Development of biomarkers of genitourinary cancer using mass spectrometry-based clinical proteomics. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:387-403. [PMID: 30987711 PMCID: PMC9296213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate, bladder and kidney cancer are the three most common types of genitourinary cancer in the world. Of these, prostate and bladder cancers are within the top 10 most common cancers in men. Notably, kidney cancer causes no obvious symptoms in the early stages. To satisfy clinical-management requirements, researchers have developed numerous biomarkers by applying proteomic approaches using clinical serum, urine and tissue specimens, as well as cell and animal models. Through application of biomarker pipeline protocols, including discovery, verification and validation phases, and mass-spectrometric based proteomic platforms coupled with multiplexed quantification assays, these studies have led to recent rapid progress in this area. With improvements in mass-spectrometric based proteomic techniques, numerous promising biomarker candidates and marker panels for various clinical purposes have been proposed. Verification of novel protein biomarker candidates is very resource demanding (e.g. on the clinical and laboratory sides). With the support of national consortia, it is now possible to investigate the future clinical use of such biomarker strategies and assess their cost-effectiveness in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taiwan University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lun Chen
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou,
Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsu Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LinKou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LinKou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. E-mail addresses: (Y.-T. Chen), (Y.-H. Chang)
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16
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Heindl A, Khan AM, Rodrigues DN, Eason K, Sadanandam A, Orbegoso C, Punta M, Sottoriva A, Lise S, Banerjee S, Yuan Y. Microenvironmental niche divergence shapes BRCA1-dysregulated ovarian cancer morphological plasticity. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 30254278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06130-3] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How tumor microenvironmental forces shape plasticity of cancer cell morphology is poorly understood. Here, we conduct automated histology image and spatial statistical analyses in 514 high grade serous ovarian samples to define cancer morphological diversification within the spatial context of the microenvironment. Tumor spatial zones, where cancer cell nuclei diversify in shape, are mapped in each tumor. Integration of this spatially explicit analysis with omics and clinical data reveals a relationship between morphological diversification and the dysregulation of DNA repair, loss of nuclear integrity, and increased disease mortality. Within the Immunoreactive subtype, spatial analysis further reveals significantly lower lymphocytic infiltration within diversified zones compared with other tumor zones, suggesting that even immune-hot tumors contain cells capable of immune escape. Our findings support a model whereby a subpopulation of morphologically plastic cancer cells with dysregulated DNA repair promotes ovarian cancer progression through positive selection by immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heindl
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Adnan Mujahid Khan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Daniel Nava Rodrigues
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Katherine Eason
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Anguraj Sadanandam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.,Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Cecilia Orbegoso
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Marco Punta
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Stefano Lise
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Susana Banerjee
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.,Division of Clinical Studies, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK, SM2 5NG
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK. .,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
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17
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Heindl A, Khan AM, Rodrigues DN, Eason K, Sadanandam A, Orbegoso C, Punta M, Sottoriva A, Lise S, Banerjee S, Yuan Y. Microenvironmental niche divergence shapes BRCA1-dysregulated ovarian cancer morphological plasticity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3917. [PMID: 30254278 PMCID: PMC6156340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How tumor microenvironmental forces shape plasticity of cancer cell morphology is poorly understood. Here, we conduct automated histology image and spatial statistical analyses in 514 high grade serous ovarian samples to define cancer morphological diversification within the spatial context of the microenvironment. Tumor spatial zones, where cancer cell nuclei diversify in shape, are mapped in each tumor. Integration of this spatially explicit analysis with omics and clinical data reveals a relationship between morphological diversification and the dysregulation of DNA repair, loss of nuclear integrity, and increased disease mortality. Within the Immunoreactive subtype, spatial analysis further reveals significantly lower lymphocytic infiltration within diversified zones compared with other tumor zones, suggesting that even immune-hot tumors contain cells capable of immune escape. Our findings support a model whereby a subpopulation of morphologically plastic cancer cells with dysregulated DNA repair promotes ovarian cancer progression through positive selection by immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heindl
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Adnan Mujahid Khan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Daniel Nava Rodrigues
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Katherine Eason
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Anguraj Sadanandam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Cecilia Orbegoso
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Marco Punta
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Stefano Lise
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Susana Banerjee
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
- Division of Clinical Studies, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK, SM2 5NG
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
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18
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Microenvironmental niche divergence shapes BRCA1-dysregulated ovarian cancer morphological plasticity. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 30254278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06130-3]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
How tumor microenvironmental forces shape plasticity of cancer cell morphology is poorly understood. Here, we conduct automated histology image and spatial statistical analyses in 514 high grade serous ovarian samples to define cancer morphological diversification within the spatial context of the microenvironment. Tumor spatial zones, where cancer cell nuclei diversify in shape, are mapped in each tumor. Integration of this spatially explicit analysis with omics and clinical data reveals a relationship between morphological diversification and the dysregulation of DNA repair, loss of nuclear integrity, and increased disease mortality. Within the Immunoreactive subtype, spatial analysis further reveals significantly lower lymphocytic infiltration within diversified zones compared with other tumor zones, suggesting that even immune-hot tumors contain cells capable of immune escape. Our findings support a model whereby a subpopulation of morphologically plastic cancer cells with dysregulated DNA repair promotes ovarian cancer progression through positive selection by immune evasion.
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19
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Distinct 3D Structural Patterns of Lamin A/C Expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090286. [PMID: 30149530 PMCID: PMC6162537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is a B-Cell lymphoma comprised of mononuclear Hodgkin cells (H) and bi- to multi-nucleated Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells. Previous studies revealed that H and RS cells express lamin A/C, a component of the lamina of the nuclear matrix. Since no information was available about the three-dimensional (3D) expression patterns of lamin A/C in H and RS cells, we analyzed the 3D spatial organization of lamin in such cells, using 3D fluorescent microscopy. H and RS cells from cHL derived cell lines stained positive for lamin A/C, in contrast to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), in which the lamin A/C protein was not detected or weak, although its presence could be transiently increased with lymphocyte activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Most importantly, in H and RS cells, the regular homogeneous and spherically shaped lamin A/C pattern, identified in activated lymphocytes, was absent. Instead, in H and RS cells, lamin staining showed internal lamin A/C structures, subdividing the nuclei into two or more smaller compartments. Analysis of pre-treatment cHL patients' samples replicated the lamin patterns identified in cHL cell lines. We conclude that the investigation of lamin A/C protein could be a useful tool for understanding nuclear remodeling in cHL.
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20
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Cao K, Arthurs C, Atta-Ul A, Millar M, Beltran M, Neuhaus J, Horn LC, Henrique R, Ahmed A, Thrasivoulou C. Quantitative Analysis of Seven New Prostate Cancer Biomarkers and the Potential Future of the 'Biomarker Laboratory'. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8030049. [PMID: 30060509 PMCID: PMC6163663 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third highest cause of male mortality in the developed world, with the burden of the disease increasing dramatically with demographic change. There are significant limitations to the current diagnostic regimens and no established effective screening modality. To this end, research has discovered hundreds of potential ‘biomarkers’ that may one day be of use in screening, diagnosis or prognostication. However, the barriers to bringing biomarkers to clinical evaluation and eventually into clinical usage have yet to be realised. This is an operational challenge that requires some new thinking and development of paradigms to increase the efficiency of the laboratory process and add ‘value’ to the clinician. Value comes in various forms, whether it be a process that is seamlessly integrated into the hospital laboratory environment or one that can provide additional ‘information’ for the clinical pathologist in terms of risk profiling. We describe, herein, an efficient and tissue-conserving pipeline that uses Tissue Microarrays in a semi-automated process that could, one day, be integrated into the hospital laboratory domain, using seven putative prostate cancer biomarkers for illustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cao
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Callum Arthurs
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Ali Atta-Ul
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Michael Millar
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK.
| | - Mariana Beltran
- Aquila BioMedical, Nine, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK.
| | - Jochen Neuhaus
- Head of Urology Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, Department of Urology, Research Laboratory, Liebigstr. 19, Building C, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lars-Christian Horn
- Division of Gynecologic, Breast & Perinatal Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstasse 24 D, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Aamir Ahmed
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Christopher Thrasivoulou
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, Rockefeller Building, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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21
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Mantsiou A, Vlahou A, Zoidakis J. Tissue proteomics studies in the investigation of prostate cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:593-611. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1491796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mantsiou
- Biotechnology Division,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biotechnology Division,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
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22
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Lamin A/C might be involved in the EMT signalling pathway. Gene 2018; 663:51-64. [PMID: 29665450 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported a heterogeneous expression pattern of the nuclear membrane protein lamin A/C in low- and high-Gleason score (GS) prostate cancer (PC) tissues, and we have now found that this change is not associated with LMNA mutations. This expression pattern appears to be similar to the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) or to that of mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). The role of lamin A/C in EMT or MET in PC remains unclear. Therefore, we first investigated the expression levels of and the associations between lamin A/C and several common EMT markers, such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, snail, slug and vimentin in PC tissues with different GS values and in different cell lines with varying invasion abilities. Our results suggest that lamin A/C might constitute a type of epithelial marker that better signifies EMT and MET in PC tissue, since a decrease in lamin A/C expression in GS 4 + 5 cases is likely associated with the EMT process, while the re-expression of lamin A/C in GS 5 + 4 cases is likely linked with MET. The detailed GS better exhibited the changes in lamin A/C and the EMT markers examined. Lamin A/C overexpression or knockdown had an impact on EMT biomarkers in a cell model by direct regulation of β-catenin. Hence, we suggest that lamin A/C might serve as a reliable epithelial biomarker for the distinction of PC cell differentiation and might also be a fundamental factor in the occurrence of EMT or MET in PC.
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23
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Zhang X, Lv Y. Suspension state increases reattachment of breast cancer cells by up-regulating lamin A/C. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2272-2282. [PMID: 28919351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extravasation is a rate-limiting step of tumor metastasis, for which adhesion to endothelium of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is the prerequisite. The suspension state of CTCs undergoing detachment from primary tumor is a persistent biomechanical cue, which potentially regulates the biophysical characteristics and cellular behaviors of tumor cells. In this study, breast tumor cells MDA-MB-231 in suspension culture condition were used to investigate the effect of suspension state on reattachment of CTCs. Our study demonstrated that suspension state significantly increased the adhesion ability of breast tumor cells. In addition, suspension state markedly promoted the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions and reduced the motility in reattached breast cancer cells. Moreover, lamin A/C was reversibly accumulated at posttranscriptional level under suspension state, improving the cell stiffness of reattached breast cancer cells. Disruption of actin cytoskeleton by cytochalasin D caused lamin A/C accumulation. Conversely, decreasing actomyosin contraction by ROCK inhibitor Y27632 reduced lamin A/C level. Knocking down lamin A/C weakened the suspension-induced increase of adhesion, and also abolished the suspension-induced decrease of motility and increase of stress fibers and focal adhesion in reattaching tumor cells, suggesting a crucial role of lamin A/C. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that suspension state promoted the reattachment of breast tumor cells by up-regulating lamin A/C via cytoskeleton disruption. These findings highlight the important role of suspension state for tumor cells in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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24
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Tanase CP, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Mihai S, Enciu AM, Necula LG, Preda A, Ismail G, Albulescu R. Prostate cancer proteomics: Current trends and future perspectives for biomarker discovery. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18497-18512. [PMID: 28061466 PMCID: PMC5392345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical and fundamental research in prostate cancer - the most common urological cancer in men - is currently entering the proteomic and genomic era. The focus has switched from one single marker (PSA) to panels of biomarkers (including proteins involved in ribosomal function and heat shock proteins). Novel genetic markers (such as Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)-ERG fusion gene mRNA) or prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) had already entered the clinical practice, raising the question whether subsequent protein changes impact the evolution of the disease and the response to treatment. Proteomic technologies such as MALDI-MS, SELDI-MS, i-TRAQ allow a qualitative/quantitative analysis of the proteome variations, in both serum and tumor tissue. A new trend in prostate cancer research is proteomic analysis of prostasomes (prostate-specific exosomes), for the discovery of new biomarkers. This paper provides an update of novel clinical tests used in research and clinical diagnostic, as well as of potential tissue or fluid biomarkers provided by extensive proteomic research data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pistol Tanase
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Mihai
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Georgiana Necula
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Preda
- Center for Uronephrology and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gener Ismail
- Center of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Albulescu
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D, Bucharest, Romania
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25
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Wu J, Liu T, Rios Z, Mei Q, Lin X, Cao S. Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 38:226-256. [PMID: 28012700 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of proteins involved in protein folding and maturation whose expression is induced by heat shock or other stressors. The major groups are classified based on their molecular weights and include HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and large HSPs. HSPs play a significant role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and carcinogenesis. In this article we comprehensively review the roles of major HSPs in cancer biology and pharmacology. HSPs are thought to play significant roles in the molecular mechanisms leading to cancer development and metastasis. HSPs may also have potential clinical uses as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, for assessing disease progression, or as therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Tuoen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV 24901, USA.
| | - Zechary Rios
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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26
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Sakthivel KM, Sehgal P. A Novel Role of Lamins from Genetic Disease to Cancer Biomarkers. Oncol Rev 2016; 10:309. [PMID: 27994771 PMCID: PMC5136755 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins are the key components of the nuclear lamina and by virtue of their interactions with chromatin and binding partners act as regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Of late, the diverse roles of lamins in cellular processes have made them the topic of intense debate for their role in cancer progression. The observations about aberrant localization or misexpression of the nuclear lamins in cancerous tissues have often led to the speculative role of lamins as a cancer risk biomarker. Here we discuss the involvement of lamins in several cancer subtypes and their potential role in predicting the tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Sehgal
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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27
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Meo AD, Pasic MD, Yousef GM. Proteomics and peptidomics: moving toward precision medicine in urological malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 7:52460-52474. [PMID: 27119500 PMCID: PMC5239567 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Urological malignancies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in early detection, diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of treatment response can significantly improve patient care. Proteomic and peptidomic profiling studies are at the center of kidney, prostate and bladder cancer biomarker discovery and have shown great promise for improved clinical assessment. Mass spectrometry (MS) is the most widely employed method for proteomic and peptidomic analyses. A number of MS platforms have been developed to facilitate accurate identification of clinically relevant markers in various complex biological samples including tissue, urine and blood. Furthermore, protein profiling studies have been instrumental in the successful introduction of several diagnostic multimarker tests into the clinic. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of high-throughput technologies for protein and peptide based biomarker discovery. We will also examine the current state of kidney, prostate and bladder cancer biomarker research as well as review the journey toward successful clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Di Meo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria D. Pasic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George M. Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Pongsakul N, Vinaiphat A, Chanchaem P, Fong‐ngern K, Thongboonkerd V. Lamin A/C in renal tubular cells is important for tissue repair, cell proliferation, and calcium oxalate crystal adhesion, and is associated with potential crystal receptors. FASEB J 2016; 30:3368-3377. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600426r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nutkridta Pongsakul
- Medical Proteomics UnitOffice for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of MedicineSiriraj HospitalCenter for Research in Complex Systems ScienceMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Arada Vinaiphat
- Medical Proteomics UnitOffice for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of MedicineSiriraj HospitalCenter for Research in Complex Systems ScienceMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Medical Proteomics UnitOffice for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of MedicineSiriraj HospitalCenter for Research in Complex Systems ScienceMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Kedsarin Fong‐ngern
- Medical Proteomics UnitOffice for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of MedicineSiriraj HospitalCenter for Research in Complex Systems ScienceMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics UnitOffice for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of MedicineSiriraj HospitalCenter for Research in Complex Systems ScienceMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
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Bell ES, Lammerding J. Causes and consequences of nuclear envelope alterations in tumour progression. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:449-464. [PMID: 27397692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological changes in the size and shape of the nucleus are highly prevalent in cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and the functional relevance remain poorly understood. Nuclear envelope proteins, which can modulate nuclear shape and organization, have emerged as key components in a variety of signalling pathways long implicated in tumourigenesis and metastasis. The expression of nuclear envelope proteins is altered in many cancers, and changes in levels of nuclear envelope proteins lamins A and C are associated with poor prognosis in multiple human cancers. In this review we highlight the role of the nuclear envelope in different processes important for tumour initiation and cancer progression, with a focus on lamins A and C. Lamin A/C controls many cellular processes with key roles in cancer, including cell invasion, stemness, genomic stability, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and resistance to mechanical stress. In addition, we discuss potential mechanisms mediating the changes in lamin levels observed in many cancers. A better understanding of cause-and-effect relationships between lamin expression and tumour progression could reveal important mechanisms for coordinated regulation of oncogenic processes, and indicate therapeutic vulnerabilities that could be exploited for improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Bell
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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30
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Irianto J, Pfeifer CR, Ivanovska IL, Swift J, Discher DE. Nuclear lamins in cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 9:258-267. [PMID: 27570565 PMCID: PMC4999255 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysmorphic nuclei are commonly seen in cancers and provide strong motivation for studying the main structural proteins of nuclei, the lamins, in cancer. Past studies have also demonstrated the significance of microenvironment mechanics to cancer progression, which is extremely interesting because the lamina was recently shown to be mechanosensitive. Here, we review current knowledge relating cancer progression to lamina biophysics. Lamin levels can constrain cancer cell migration in 3D and thereby impede tumor growth, and lamins can also protect a cancer cell's genome. In addition, lamins can influence transcriptional regulators (RAR, SRF, YAP/TAZ) and chromosome conformation in lamina associated domains. Further investigation of the roles for lamins in cancer and even DNA damage may lead to new therapies or at least to a clearer understanding of lamins as bio-markers in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Irianto
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joe Swift
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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31
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Chen C, Shen H, Zhang LG, Liu J, Cao XG, Yao AL, Kang SS, Gao WX, Han H, Cao FH, Li ZG. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction networks based on proteomics data of prostate cancer. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1576-86. [PMID: 27121963 PMCID: PMC4866967 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, using human prostate cancer (PCa) tissue samples to conduct proteomics research has generated a large amount of data; however, only a very small amount has been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we manually carried out the mining of the full text of proteomics literature that involved comparisons between PCa and normal or benign tissue and identified 41 differentially expressed proteins verified or reported more than 2 times from different research studies. We regarded these proteins as seed proteins to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The extended network included one giant network, which consisted of 1,264 nodes connected via 1,744 edges, and 3 small separate components. The backbone network was then constructed, which was derived from key nodes and the subnetwork consisting of the shortest path between seed proteins. Topological analyses of these networks were conducted to identify proteins essential for the genesis of PCa. Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (SLC2A4) had the highest closeness centrality located in the center of each network, and the highest betweenness centrality and largest degree in the backbone network. Tubulin, beta 2C (TUBB2C) had the largest degree in the giant network and subnetwork. In addition, using module analysis of the whole PPI network, we obtained a densely connected region. Functional annotation indicated that the Ras protein signal transduction biological process, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), neurotrophin and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway may play an important role in the genesis and development of PCa. Further investigation of the SLC2A4, TUBB2C proteins, and these biological processes and pathways may therefore provide a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Modern Technology and Education Center, North China University of Science and Technology and International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ge Cao
- Tianjin Binhai New Area Hangu No. 1 High School, Tianjin 300480, P.R. China
| | - An-Liang Yao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Shao-San Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xing Gao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Hong Cao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology and International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Chen C, Zhang LG, Liu J, Han H, Chen N, Yao AL, Kang SS, Gao WX, Shen H, Zhang LJ, Li YP, Cao FH, Li ZG. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in prostate cancer based on proteomics data. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1545-57. [PMID: 27051295 PMCID: PMC4803245 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s98807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We mined the literature for proteomics data to examine the occurrence and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) through a bioinformatics analysis. We divided the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) into two groups: the group consisting of PCa and benign tissues (P&b) and the group presenting both high and low PCa metastatic tendencies (H&L). In the P&b group, we found 320 DEPs, 20 of which were reported more than three times, and DES was the most commonly reported. Among these DEPs, the expression levels of FGG, GSN, SERPINC1, TPM1, and TUBB4B have not yet been correlated with PCa. In the H&L group, we identified 353 DEPs, 13 of which were reported more than three times. Among these DEPs, MDH2 and MYH9 have not yet been correlated with PCa metastasis. We further confirmed that DES was differentially expressed between 30 cancer and 30 benign tissues. In addition, DEPs associated with protein transport, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and the extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction pathway were prevalent in the H&L group and have not yet been studied in detail in this context. Proteins related to homeostasis, the wound-healing response, focal adhesions, and the complement and coagulation pathways were overrepresented in both groups. Our findings suggest that the repeatedly reported DEPs in the two groups may function as potential biomarkers for detecting PCa and predicting its aggressiveness. Furthermore, the implicated biological processes and signaling pathways may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PCa carcinogenesis and metastasis and provide new targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Liang Yao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-San Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xing Gao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Modern Technology and Education Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Peng Li
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hong Cao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
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Chiu CL, Patsch K, Cutrale F, Soundararajan A, Agus DB, Fraser SE, Ruderman D. Intracellular kinetics of the androgen receptor shown by multimodal Image Correlation Spectroscopy (mICS). Sci Rep 2016; 6:22435. [PMID: 26936218 PMCID: PMC4776155 DOI: 10.1038/srep22435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) pathway plays a central role in prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression and is a validated therapeutic target. In response to ligand binding AR translocates to the nucleus, though the molecular mechanism is not well understood. We therefore developed multimodal Image Correlation Spectroscopy (mICS) to measure anisotropic molecular motion across a live cell. We applied mICS to AR translocation dynamics to reveal its multimodal motion. By integrating fluorescence imaging methods we observed evidence for diffusion, confined movement, and binding of AR within both the cytoplasm and nucleus of PCa cells. Our findings suggest that in presence of cytoplasmic diffusion, the probability of AR crossing the nuclear membrane is an important factor in determining the AR distribution between cytoplasm and the nucleus, independent of functional microtubule transport. These findings may have implications for the future design of novel therapeutics targeting the AR pathway in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Li Chiu
- Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern, California, USA
| | - Katherin Patsch
- Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern, California, USA
| | - Francesco Cutrale
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern, California, USA
| | | | - David B Agus
- Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern, California, USA
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern, California, USA
| | - Daniel Ruderman
- Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern, California, USA
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34
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Vuković LD, Jevtić P, Edens LJ, Levy DL. New Insights into Mechanisms and Functions of Nuclear Size Regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 322:1-59. [PMID: 26940517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear size is generally maintained within a defined range in a given cell type. Changes in cell size that occur during cell growth, development, and differentiation are accompanied by dynamic nuclear size adjustments in order to establish appropriate nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume relationships. It has long been recognized that aberrations in nuclear size are associated with certain disease states, most notably cancer. Nuclear size and morphology must impact nuclear and cellular functions. Understanding these functional implications requires an understanding of the mechanisms that control nuclear size. In this review, we first provide a general overview of the diverse cellular structures and activities that contribute to nuclear size control, including structural components of the nucleus, effects of DNA amount and chromatin compaction, signaling, and transport pathways that impinge on the nucleus, extranuclear structures, and cell cycle state. We then detail some of the key mechanistic findings about nuclear size regulation that have been gleaned from a variety of model organisms. Lastly, we review studies that have implicated nuclear size in the regulation of cell and nuclear function and speculate on the potential functional significance of nuclear size in chromatin organization, gene expression, nuclear mechanics, and disease. With many fundamental cell biological questions remaining to be answered, the field of nuclear size regulation is still wide open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija D Vuković
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Predrag Jevtić
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Lisa J Edens
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America.
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Saarinen I, Mirtti T, Seikkula H, Boström PJ, Taimen P. Differential Predictive Roles of A- and B-Type Nuclear Lamins in Prostate Cancer Progression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140671. [PMID: 26469707 PMCID: PMC4607298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in western countries. While active surveillance is increasingly utilized, the majority of patients are currently treated with radical prostatectomy. In order to avoid over-treatment, there is an indisputable need for reliable biomarkers to identify the potentially aggressive and lethal cases. Nuclear intermediate filament proteins called lamins play a role in chromatin organization, gene expression and cell stiffness. The expression of lamin A is associated with poor outcome in colorectal cancer but to date the prognostic value of the lamins has not been tested in other solid tumors. METHODS We studied the expression of different lamins with immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray material of 501 PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection. Patients were divided into two staining categories (low and high expression). The correlation of lamin expression with clinicopathological variables was tested and the association of lamin status with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and disease specific survival (DSS) was further analyzed. RESULTS Low expression of lamin A associated with lymph node positivity (p<0.01) but not with other clinicopathological variables and low expression had a borderline independent significant association with DSS (HR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-1.0; p = 0.052). Similarly, low lamin C expression associated with poorer survival (HR = 0.2; 95% CI 0.1-0.6; p = 0.004). Lamin B1 expression did not associate with clinicopathological variables but high expression independently predicted BCR in multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.9; p = 0.023). Low expression of lamin B2 correlated with lymph node positivity (p<0.01) and predicted unfavorable DSS (HR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-1.0; p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest differential roles for lamins in PCa progression. Reduced amounts of lamin A/C and B2 increase risk for lymph node metastasis and disease specific death possibly through increased nuclear deformability while high expression of lamin B1 predicts disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Saarinen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; MediCity, Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Seikkula
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter J. Boström
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; MediCity, Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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36
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Jevtić P, Edens LJ, Li X, Nguyen T, Chen P, Levy DL. Concentration-dependent Effects of Nuclear Lamins on Nuclear Size in Xenopus and Mammalian Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27557-71. [PMID: 26429910 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in cell biology concerns the regulation of organelle size. While nuclear size is exquisitely controlled in different cell types, inappropriate nuclear enlargement is used to diagnose and stage cancer. Clarifying the functional significance of nuclear size necessitates an understanding of the mechanisms and proteins that control nuclear size. One structural component implicated in the regulation of nuclear morphology is the nuclear lamina, a meshwork of intermediate lamin filaments that lines the inner nuclear membrane. However, there has not been a systematic investigation of how the level and type of lamin expression influences nuclear size, in part due to difficulties in precisely controlling lamin expression levels in vivo. In this study, we circumvent this limitation by studying nuclei in Xenopus laevis egg and embryo extracts, open biochemical systems that allow for precise manipulation of lamin levels by the addition of recombinant proteins. We find that nuclear growth and size are sensitive to the levels of nuclear lamins, with low and high concentrations increasing and decreasing nuclear size, respectively. Interestingly, each type of lamin that we tested (lamins B1, B2, B3, and A) similarly affected nuclear size whether added alone or in combination, suggesting that total lamin concentration, and not lamin type, is more critical to determining nuclear size. Furthermore, we show that altering lamin levels in vivo, both in Xenopus embryos and mammalian tissue culture cells, also impacts nuclear size. These results have implications for normal development and carcinogenesis where both nuclear size and lamin expression levels change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Jevtić
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Lisa J Edens
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Thang Nguyen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Pan Chen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Daniel L Levy
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
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Identification and validation of potential new biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis using 2D-DIGE and MS. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:454256. [PMID: 25667921 PMCID: PMC4312578 DOI: 10.1155/2015/454256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify and validate potential new biomarkers for prostate cancer and to distinguish patients with and without biochemical relapse. Prostate tissue samples analyzed by 2D-DIGE (two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis) and mass spectrometry (MS) revealed downregulation of secernin-1 (P < 0.044) in prostate cancer, while vinculin showed significant upregulation (P < 0.001). Secernin-1 overexpression in prostate tissue was validated using Western blot and immunohistochemistry while vinculin expression was validated using immunohistochemistry. These findings indicate that secernin-1 and vinculin are potential new tissue biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis, respectively. For validation, protein levels in urine were also examined by Western blot analysis. Urinary vinculin levels in prostate cancer patients were significantly higher than in urine from nontumor patients (P = 0.006). Using multiple reaction monitoring-MS (MRM-MS) analysis, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) showed significant higher levels in the urine of prostate cancer patients compared to controls (P = 0.012), while galectin-3 showed significant lower levels in the urine of prostate cancer patients with biochemical relapse, compared to those without relapse (P = 0.017). Three proteins were successfully differentiated between patients with and without prostate cancer and patients with and without relapse by using MRM. Thus, this technique shows promise for implementation as a noninvasive clinical diagnostic technique.
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Qiu JX, Zhou ZW, He ZX, Zhao RJ, Zhang X, Yang L, Zhou SF, Mao ZF. Plumbagin elicits differential proteomic responses mainly involving cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways in human prostate cancer PC-3 and DU145 cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:349-417. [PMID: 25609920 PMCID: PMC4294653 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLB) has exhibited a potent anticancer effect in preclinical studies, but the molecular interactome remains elusive. This study aimed to compare the quantitative proteomic responses to PLB treatment in human prostate cancer PC-3 and DU145 cells using the approach of stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). The data were finally validated using Western blot assay. First, the bioinformatic analysis predicted that PLB could interact with 78 proteins that were involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, immunity, and signal transduction. Our quantitative proteomic study using SILAC revealed that there were at least 1,225 and 267 proteins interacting with PLB and there were 341 and 107 signaling pathways and cellular functions potentially regulated by PLB in PC-3 and DU145 cells, respectively. These proteins and pathways played a critical role in the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and reactive oxygen species generation. The proteomic study showed substantial differences in response to PLB treatment between PC-3 and DU145 cells. PLB treatment significantly modulated the expression of critical proteins that regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, and EMT signaling pathways in PC-3 cells but not in DU145 cells. Consistently, our Western blotting analysis validated the bioinformatic and proteomic data and confirmed the modulating effects of PLB on important proteins that regulated cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and EMT in PC-3 and DU145 cells. The data from the Western blot assay could not display significant differences between PC-3 and DU145 cells. These findings indicate that PLB elicits different proteomic responses in PC-3 and DU145 cells involving proteins and pathways that regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, reactive oxygen species production, and antioxidation/oxidation homeostasis. This is the first systematic study with integrated computational, proteomic, and functional analyses revealing the networks of signaling pathways and differential proteomic responses to PLB treatment in prostate cancer cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis using SILAC represents an efficient and highly sensitive approach to identify the target networks of anticancer drugs like PLB, and the data may be used to discriminate the molecular and clinical subtypes, and to identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers, for prostate cancer. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential of quantitative proteomic analysis in the identification of new targets and biomarkers for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xuan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruan Jin Zhao
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Fu Mao
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Bianchi A, Lanzuolo C. Into the chromatin world: Role of nuclear architecture in epigenome regulation. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2015.4.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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40
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Do lamin A and lamin C have unique roles? Chromosoma 2014; 124:1-12. [PMID: 25283634 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-014-0484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The A-type lamins, lamin A and lamin C, generated from a single gene, LMNA, are major structural components of the nuclear lamina. The two alternative splice products have mostly been studied together because they have been considered to be interchangeable. However, several lines of evidence indicate that in spite of being generated from the same gene and having high similarities in their primary sequences, the two isoforms are not equivalent in different biological aspects in both health and disease. The key question is whether they have both overlapping and unique functions and whether they are distinctly regulated. Based on the so far available experimental evidence, lamin A appears to be the most regulated A-type isoform during development, aging, and disease which indicates that lamin A is implicated in many different biological aspects and may have a greater repertoire of specialized functions than lamin C. The aim of this review is to point out differences between the two major LMNA splice variants and the consequences of these differences on their functions. This may guide further research and be of prime importance for the understanding of the pathogenesis of LMNA mutations.
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Longuespée R, Fléron M, Pottier C, Quesada-Calvo F, Meuwis MA, Baiwir D, Smargiasso N, Mazzucchelli G, De Pauw-Gillet MC, Delvenne P, De Pauw E. Tissue Proteomics for the Next Decade? Towards a Molecular Dimension in Histology. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:539-52. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Longuespée
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maximilien Fléron
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Pottier
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Florence Quesada-Calvo
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Liège University Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Alice Meuwis
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Liège University Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique Baiwir
- GIGA-R, GIGA Proteomic Facilities, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Smargiasso
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Mazzucchelli
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Claire De Pauw-Gillet
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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42
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43
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Sizing and shaping the nucleus: mechanisms and significance. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 28:16-27. [PMID: 24503411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The size and shape of the nucleus are tightly regulated, indicating the physiological significance of proper nuclear morphology, yet the mechanisms and functions of nuclear size and shape regulation remain poorly understood. Correlations between altered nuclear morphology and certain disease states have long been observed, most notably many cancers are diagnosed and staged based on graded increases in nuclear size. Here we review recent studies investigating the mechanisms regulating nuclear size and shape, how mitotic events influence nuclear morphology, and the role of nuclear size and shape in subnuclear chromatin organization and cancer progression.
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Abstract
Despite decades of research, cancer metastasis remains an incompletely understood process that is as complex as it is devastating. In recent years, there has been an increasing push to investigate the biomechanical aspects of tumorigenesis, complementing the research on genetic and biochemical changes. In contrast to the high genetic variability encountered in cancer cells, almost all metastatic cells are subject to the same physical constraints as they leave the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissues, transit through the circulatory system, and finally infiltrate new tissues. Advances in live cell imaging and other biophysical techniques, including measurements of subcellular mechanics, have yielded stunning new insights into the physics of cancer cells. While much of this research has been focused on the mechanics of the cytoskeleton and the cellular microenvironment, it is now emerging that the mechanical properties of the cell nucleus and its connection to the cytoskeleton may play a major role in cancer metastasis, as deformation of the large and stiff nucleus presents a substantial obstacle during the passage through the dense interstitial space and narrow capillaries. Here, we present an overview of the molecular components that govern the mechanical properties of the nucleus, and we discuss how changes in nuclear structure and composition observed in many cancers can modulate nuclear mechanics and promote metastatic processes. Improved insights into this interplay between nuclear mechanics and metastatic progression may have powerful implications in cancer diagnostics and therapy and may reveal novel therapeutic targets for pharmacological inhibition of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Denais
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA,
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45
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Stancheva I, Schirmer EC. Nuclear Envelope: Connecting Structural Genome Organization to Regulation of Gene Expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:209-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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Hutchison CJ. Do lamins influence disease progression in cancer? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:593-604. [PMID: 24563367 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For nearly 60 years, diagnosis of cancer has been based on pathological tests that look for enlargement and distortion of nuclear shape. Because of their involvement in supporting nuclear architecture, it has been postulated that the basis for nuclear shape changes during cancer progression is altered expression of nuclear lamins and in particular lamins A and C. However, studies on lamin expression patterns in a range of different cancers have generated equivocal and apparently contradictory results. This might have been anticipated since cancers are diverse and complex diseases. Moreover, whilst altered epigenetic control over gene expression is a feature of many cancers, this level of control cannot be considered in isolation. Here I have reviewed those studies relating to altered expression of lamins in cancers and argue that consideration of changes in the expression of individual lamins cannot be considered in isolation but only in the context of an understanding of their functions in transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hutchison
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK,
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47
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Nuclear morphometry, epigenetic changes, and clinical relevance in prostate cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 773:77-99. [PMID: 24563344 PMCID: PMC7123969 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear structure alterations in cancer involve global genetic (mutations, amplifications, copy number variations, translocations, etc.) and epigenetic (DNA methylation and histone modifications) events that dramatically and dynamically spatially change chromatin, nuclear body, and chromosome organization. In prostate cancer (CaP) there appears to be early (<50 years) versus late (>60 years) onset clinically significant cancers, and we have yet to clearly understand the hereditary and somatic-based molecular pathways involved. We do know that once cancer is initiated, dedifferentiation of the prostate gland occurs with significant changes in nuclear structure driven by numerous genetic and epigenetic processes. This review focuses upon the nuclear architecture and epigenetic dynamics with potential translational clinically relevant applications to CaP. Further, the review correlates changes in the cancer-driven epigenetic process at the molecular level and correlates these alterations to nuclear morphological quantitative measurements. Finally, we address how we can best utilize this knowledge to improve the efficacy of personalized treatment of cancer.
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48
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Zhou W, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF. Cancer metabolism and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Cancer Lett 2013; 356:176-83. [PMID: 24262660 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism has been extensively investigated by various tools, and the fact of diverse metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells has been gradually unveiled. In this review, we discuss some contributions in cancer metabolism by general proteomic analysis and post-translational modification analysis using mass spectrometry (MS) technique. Instead of following one or several metabolic enzymes/pathways, the current MS approach can quickly identify a large number of proteins and compare their expression levels in different samples, providing a potentially comprehensive picture of cancer metabolism. The MS analyses from pancreatic cancer cells support a hypothesis that hypoxia promotes cells in solid tumor to reprogram metabolic pathways in order to minimize the oxygen consumption. The oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer cells is lower than that in normal duct cells, and the cancer cells adaptively express less antioxidant proteins, contrary to claims that oxidative stress is higher in cancer cells. Separately, the MS analyses confirm that pyruvate kinase isoform 2 (PKM2) can be detected in both cancer and normal cells, disagreeing with report that tumor cells express exclusively PKM2. In addition, MS analyses from pancreatic cancer cells demonstrate that lactate dehydrogenase-B is significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer cells, whereas previous reports show that lactate dehydrogenase-A is overexpressed and is responsible for lactate production in cancer cells. Lastly, the result from MS analysis suggests that the glutaminolysis in pancreatic cancer cells is different from that observed in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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49
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MALDI-MS tissue imaging identification of biliverdin reductase B overexpression in prostate cancer. J Proteomics 2013; 91:500-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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50
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Kim Y, Kislinger T. Novel approaches for the identification of biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer. Genome Med 2013; 5:56. [PMID: 23809668 PMCID: PMC3706951 DOI: 10.1186/gm460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate tumors remains one of the greatest challenges in the management of this disease. Ongoing efforts to establish a panel of molecular signatures, comprising gene expression profiles, proteins, epigenetic patterns, or a combination of these alterations, are being propelled by rapid advancements in 'omics' technologies. The identification of such biomarkers in biological fluids is an especially attractive goal for clinical applications. Here, we summarize recent progress in the identification of candidate prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer using biological fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunee Kim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7 ; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7
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