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Sarnyai Z, Ben-Shachar D. Schizophrenia, a disease of impaired dynamic metabolic flexibility: A new mechanistic framework. Psychiatry Res 2024; 342:116220. [PMID: 39369460 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown aetiology and pathophysiology that emphasises the role of neurotransmitter imbalance and abnormalities in synaptic plasticity. The currently used pharmacological approach, the antipsychotic drugs, which have limited efficacy and an array of side-effects, have been developed based on the neurotransmitter hypothesis. Recent research has uncovered systemic and brain abnormalities in glucose and energy metabolism, focusing on altered glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These findings call for a re-conceptualisation of schizophrenia pathophysiology as a progressing bioenergetics failure. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamentals of brain bioenergetics and the changes identified in schizophrenia. We then propose a new explanatory framework positing that schizophrenia is a disease of impaired dynamic metabolic flexibility, which also reconciles findings of abnormal glucose and energy metabolism in the periphery and in the brain along the course of the disease. This evidence-based framework and testable hypothesis has the potential to transform the way we conceptualise this debilitating condition and to develop novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Campus, Haifa, Israel; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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2
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Zhu X, Huang Y, Qiu J, Zhong Z, Peng Y, Liang X, Chen J, Zhou J, Liang X, Wang H, Xie W, Ding Y. Chaihu Guizhi Decoction prevents cognitive, memory impairments and sensorimotor gating deficit induced by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118806. [PMID: 39278296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is one of the most common types of autoimmune encephalitis, primarily presenting with prodromal symptoms, such as fever and headache, followed by a range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Chaihu Guizhi Decoction (CGD), a traditional Chinese medicine formulated by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty, has been effectively used in clinical practice to treat the symptoms of Taiyang and Shaoyang disorders, including fever, headache, and psychiatric disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To demonstrate the protective effects of CGD in an animal model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and explore the potential mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS UHPLC-HRMS was used to identify CGD's chemical components and serum metabolomic profiles. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed to predict potential targets of CGD for the treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The effect of CGD on anti-NMDAR encephalitis was evaluated using a mouse model induced by patients' antibodies. Behavioral tests were performed to assess cognitive impairment and schizophrenia-like behaviors. The effect of CGD on the cell-surface NMDAR GluN1 subunit in cultured neurons treated with patient antibodies was detected by immunofluorescence. Golgi staining was used to observe morphological changes in hippocampal dendrites. The expression of NMDAR-interacting proteins and various neuroreceptors in the hippocampus were examined to validate the targets predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking. RESULTS CGD alleviated cognitive, memory, and sensorimotor gating deficits in mice treated with anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients' antibodies. Further experiments demonstrated the effect of CGD in preventing NMDAR reduction both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, CGD regulated NMDAR-interacting proteins and dopamine receptors but did not affect hippocampal dendritic morphology and synaptic density. Additionally, CGD modifies metabolic pathways associated with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and other neurological and psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS CGD exhibited protective effects against anti-NMDAR encephalitis by mitigating the antibody-induced reduction in NMDAR and NMDAR-interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yingyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and the Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jieli Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaotao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Yuewen Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Wu S, Panganiban KJ, Lee J, Li D, Smith EC, Maksyutynska K, Humber B, Ahmed T, Agarwal SM, Ward K, Hahn M. Peripheral Lipid Signatures, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Pathophysiology in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Metabolites 2024; 14:475. [PMID: 39330482 PMCID: PMC11434505 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14090475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is commonly observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The causes of metabolic comorbidity in SSDs are complex and include intrinsic or biological factors linked to the disorder, which are compounded by antipsychotic (AP) medications. The exact mechanisms underlying SSD pathophysiology and AP-induced metabolic dysfunction are unknown, but dysregulated lipid metabolism may play a role. Lipidomics, which detects lipid metabolites in a biological sample, represents an analytical tool to examine lipid metabolism. This systematic review aims to determine peripheral lipid signatures that are dysregulated among individuals with SSDs (1) with minimal exposure to APs and (2) during AP treatment. To accomplish this goal, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsychINFO databases in February 2024 to identify all full-text articles written in English where the authors conducted lipidomics in SSDs. Lipid signatures reported to significantly differ in SSDs compared to controls or in relation to AP treatment and the direction of dysregulation were extracted as outcomes. We identified 46 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Most of the lipid metabolites that significantly differed in minimally AP-treated patients vs. controls comprised glycerophospholipids, which were mostly downregulated. In the AP-treated group vs. controls, the significantly different metabolites were primarily fatty acyls, which were dysregulated in conflicting directions between studies. In the pre-to-post AP-treated patients, the most impacted metabolites were glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls, which were found to be primarily upregulated and conflicting, respectively. These lipid metabolites may contribute to SSD pathophysiology and metabolic dysfunction through various mechanisms, including the modulation of inflammation, cellular membrane permeability, and metabolic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Wu
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Kristoffer J. Panganiban
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Dan Li
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
| | - Emily C.C. Smith
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Kateryna Maksyutynska
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Bailey Humber
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Tariq Ahmed
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4,Canada
| | - Kristen Ward
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada (T.A.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4,Canada
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Alasmari MS, Alasmari F, Alsharari SD, Alasmari AF, Ali N, Ahamad SR, Alghamdi AM, Kadi AA, Hammad AM, Ali YSM, Childers WE, Abou-Gharbia M, Sari Y. Neuroinflammation and Neurometabolomic Profiling in Fentanyl Overdose Mouse Model Treated with Novel β-Lactam, MC-100093, and Ceftriaxone. TOXICS 2024; 12:604. [PMID: 39195706 PMCID: PMC11360732 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Opioid-related deaths are attributed to overdoses, and fentanyl overdose has been on the rise in many parts of the world, including the USA. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) has been identified as a therapeutic target in several preclinical models of substance use disorders, and β-lactams effectively enhance its expression and function. In the current study, we characterized the metabolomic profile of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in fentanyl-overdose mouse models, and we evaluated the protective effects of the functional enhancement of GLT-1 using β-lactams, ceftriaxone, and MC-100093. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control, fentanyl, fentanyl/ceftriaxone, and fentanyl/MC-100093. While the control group was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with normal saline simultaneously with other groups, all fentanyl groups were i.p. injected with 1 mg/kg of fentanyl as an overdose after habituation with four repetitive non-consecutive moderate doses (0.05 mg/kg) of fentanyl for a period of seven days. MC-100093 (50 mg/kg) and ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg) were i.p. injected from days 5 to 9. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for metabolomics, and Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of target proteins. Y-maze spontaneous alternation performance and the open field activity monitoring system were used to measure behavioral manifestations. Fentanyl overdose altered the abundance of about 30 metabolites, reduced the expression of GLT-1, and induced the expression of inflammatory mediators IL-6 and TLR-4 in the NAc. MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated the effects of fentanyl-induced downregulation of GLT-1 and upregulation of IL-6; however, only ceftriaxone attenuated fentanyl-induced upregulation of TRL4 expression. Both of the β-lactams attenuated the effects of fentanyl overdose on locomotor activities but did not induce significant changes in the overall metabolomic profile. Our findings revealed that the exposure to a high dose of fentanyl causes alterations in key metabolic pathways in the NAc. Pretreatment with ceftriaxone and MC-100093 normalized fentanyl-induced downregulation of GLT-1 expression with subsequent attenuation of neuroinflammation as well as the hyperactivity, indicating that β-lactams may be promising drugs for treating fentanyl use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F.A.); (S.D.A.); (A.F.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F.A.); (S.D.A.); (A.F.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Shakir D. Alsharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F.A.); (S.D.A.); (A.F.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F.A.); (S.D.A.); (A.F.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F.A.); (S.D.A.); (A.F.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah M. Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F.A.); (S.D.A.); (A.F.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Aban A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F.A.); (S.D.A.); (A.F.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alaa M. Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Yousif S. Mohamed Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F.A.); (S.D.A.); (A.F.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Wayne E. Childers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (W.E.C.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Magid Abou-Gharbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (W.E.C.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F.A.); (S.D.A.); (A.F.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Liu Y, Wu H, Liu B, Chen S, Huang L, Liu Z, Wang J, Xie L, Wu X. Multi-omics analysis reveals the impact of gut microbiota on antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:325-338. [PMID: 38964078 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with the development of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenia (SZ). However, the exact taxonomic composition and functionality that constitute the "obesogenic" microbial profile remain elusive. Our retrospective survey identified two groups of the SZ population separated by BMI, with 1/3 of patients developing overweight/obesity after chronic antipsychotic treatment. Based on multi-omics analysis, we observed altered gut microbiota in SZ patients with overweight/obesity, characterized by a reduction in several beneficial bacteria genera, including Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, and Clostridium. This microbial dysbiosis was accompanied by disrupted energy expenditure and nutritional metabolism, worsened metabolic indices, and reduced levels of beneficial metabolites, e.g. indole-3-carboxylic acid and propionic acid. Moreover, leveraging data from first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia (FSZ) patients at one-month and one-year follow-up, both artificial neural network and random forest classifier-based prediction models demonstrated a strong ability of microbial profiles to predict antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Importantly, FSZ patients with higher relative abundance of Parabacteria distasonis were less susceptible to antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Thus, gut microbiota could serve as a noninvasive approach to predict antipsychotic-induced weight gain, guiding clinical antipsychotics administration and developing novel therapeutic strategies for weight management in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Liu
- Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Sleep Medicine Center of Psychiatry Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Radiology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bingdong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shengyun Chen
- Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liujing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Song JJ, Cai J, Ma WJ, Lou Y, Bian J, Zhao B, She X, Liu XN. Untargeted metabolomics reveals potential plasma biomarkers for diagnosis of primary aldosteronism using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5855. [PMID: 38442715 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolite profiling has the potential to comprehensively bridge phenotypes and complex heterogeneous physiological and pathological states. We performed a metabolomics study using parallel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) combined with multivariate data analysis to screen for biomarkers of primary aldosteronism (PA) from a cohort of 111 PA patients and 218 primary hypertension (PH) patients. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography separations were employed to obtain a global plasma metabolome of endogenous metabolites. The satisfactory classification between PA and PH patients was obtained using the MVDA model. A total of 35 differential metabolites were screened out and identified. A diagnostic biomarker panel was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) binary logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Joint analysis with clinical indicators, including plasma supine aldosterone level, plasma orthostatic aldosterone level, body mass index, and blood potassium, revealed that the combination of metabolite biomarker panel and plasma supine aldosterone has the best clinical diagnostic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lou
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Bian
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Center, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou International Bioisland, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhui She
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Center, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou International Bioisland, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Xie J, Ma H, Li G, Li M, Li S, Sun X, Zhao Y, Sun W, Yang S, Li J. The relationship between alterations in plasma metabolites and treatment responses in antipsychotic-naïve female patients with schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:106-115. [PMID: 37867221 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2271965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between alterations in plasma metabolites and treatment responses amongst antipsychotic-naïve female patients with schizophrenia. A total of 38 antipsychotic-naïve female schizophrenia patients (ANS) and 19 healthy female controls (HC) were recruited. Plasma samples were obtained from all participants, and targeted metabolomics were measured with FIA-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of psychotic symptoms before and after eight weeks of treatment. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were used to predict diagnostic and therapeutic responses. A total of 186 metabolites passed quality control procedures and were used in statistical analysis to identify potential biomarkers. Before treatment, the ANS patients had lower levels of γ -Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and higher levels of Cholesteryl esters (CE) (20:3), Cholic Acid (CA) and Glycocholic Acid (GCA) compared to the HCs. These four differential metabonomic markers were synthesised into a combinatorial biomarker panel. This panel significantly distinguished ANS from HC. Moreover, this biomarker panel was able to effectively predict therapeutic responses. Our results suggest that plasma CE (20:3), CA, GCA, and GABA levels may be useful for diagnosing and predicting antipsychotic efficacy amongst female schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyun Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongping Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Liu S, Zhang L, Fan X, Wang G, Liu Q, Yang Y, Shao M, Song M, Li W, Lv L, Su X. Lactate levels in the brain and blood of schizophrenia patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:29-38. [PMID: 38086110 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia are still unclear. Converging evidence suggests that energy metabolism abnormalities are involved in schizophrenia, and support its role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Lactate plays an important role in energy metabolism. Many studies have reported changes in the levels of lactate in the brain and serum of schizophrenia patients; however, the results from these studies are not consistent. To overcome this limitation, the goal of the present meta-analysis is to analyze the changes in lactate levels in the brain and blood of schizophrenia patients. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we performed a thorough search of relevant literature in the English language, using the MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase databases. RESULTS In the present meta-analysis, 20 studies were scrutinized, including 13 studies on brain lactate levels, which involved 322 schizophrenia patients and 324 healthy individuals as controls. 7 studies on blood lactate levels, involving 234 schizophrenia patients and 238 healthy individuals, were also included. Brain lactate levels were elevated in schizophrenia patients, both in vivo and in post-mortem studies. Nevertheless, blood lactate levels in schizophrenia patients have revealed no statistically significant difference, as compared with control individuals. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with healthy individuals, schizophrenia patients had higher lactate levels in the brain, rather than in the blood. These findings suggest independent regulatory mechanisms of lactate levels in the brain and peripheral tissues. Abnormal lactate metabolism in the brain may be an important pathological mechanism in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senqi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China.
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9
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Burghardt KJ, Kajy M, Ward KM, Burghardt PR. Metabolomics, Lipidomics, and Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3295. [PMID: 38137517 PMCID: PMC10741000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics are an important pharmacotherapy option for the treatment of many mental illnesses. Unfortunately, selecting antipsychotics is often a trial-and-error process due to a lack of understanding as to which medications an individual patient will find most effective and best tolerated. Metabolomics, or the study of small molecules in a biosample, is an increasingly used omics platform that has the potential to identify biomarkers for medication efficacy and toxicity. This systematic review was conducted to identify metabolites and metabolomic pathways associated with antipsychotic use in humans. Ultimately, 42 studies were identified for inclusion in this review, with all but three studies being performed in blood sources such as plasma or serum. A total of 14 metabolite classes and 12 lipid classes were assessed across studies. Although the studies were highly heterogeneous in approach and mixed in their findings, increases in phosphatidylcholines, decreases in carboxylic acids, and decreases in acylcarnitines were most consistently noted as perturbed in patients exposed to antipsychotics. Furthermore, for the targeted metabolomic and lipidomic studies, seven metabolites and three lipid species had findings that were replicated. The most consistent finding for targeted studies was an identification of a decrease in aspartate with antipsychotic treatment. Studies varied in depth of detail provided for their study participants and in study design. For example, in some cases, there was a lack of detail on specific antipsychotics used or concomitant medications, and the depth of detail on sample handling and analysis varied widely. The conclusions here demonstrate that there is a large foundation of metabolomic work with antipsychotics that requires more complete reporting so that an objective synthesis such as a meta-analysis can take place. This will then allow for validation and clinical application of the most robust findings to move the field forward. Future studies should be carefully controlled to take advantage of the sensitivity of metabolomics while limiting potential confounders that may result from participant heterogeneity and varied analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University Detroit, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Megan Kajy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University Detroit, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kristen M. Ward
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Detroit, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Paul R. Burghardt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University Detroit, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
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10
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Qin Y, Zhang XY, Liu Y, Ma Z, Tao S, Li Y, Peng R, Wang F, Wang J, Feng J, Qiu Z, Jin L, Wang H, Gong X. Downregulation of mGluR1-mediated signaling underlying autistic-like core symptoms in Shank1 P1812L-knock-in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:329. [PMID: 37880287 PMCID: PMC10600164 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core symptoms that consist of social deficits and repetitive behaviors. Unfortunately, no effective medication is available thus far to target the core symptoms of ASD, since the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. To investigate the pathogenesis of the core symptoms in ASD, we constructed Shank1 P1812L-knock-in (KI) mice corresponding to a recurrent ASD-related mutation, SHANK1 P1806L, to achieve construct validity and face validity. Shank1 P1812L-KI heterozygous (HET) mice presented with social deficits and repetitive behaviors without the presence of confounding comorbidities. HET mice also exhibited downregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) and associated signals, along with structural abnormalities in the dendritic spines and postsynaptic densities. Combined with findings from Shank1 R882H-KI mice, our study confirms that mGluR1-mediated signaling dysfunction is a pivotal mechanism underlying the core symptoms of ASD. Interestingly, Shank1 P1812L-KI homozygous (HOM) mice manifested behavioral signs of impaired long-term memory rather than autistic-like core traits; thus, their phenotype was markedly different from that of Shank1 P1812L-KI HET mice. Correspondingly, at the molecular level, Shank1 P1812L-KI HOM displayed upregulation of AMPA receptor (GluA2)-related signals. The different patterns of protein changes in HOM and HET mice may explain the differences in behaviors. Our study emphasizes the universality of mGluR1-signaling hypofunction in the pathogenesis of the core symptoms in ASD, providing a potential target for therapeutic drugs. The precise correspondence between genotype and phenotype, as shown in HOM and HET mice, indicates the importance of reproducing disease-related genotypes in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zehan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Su Q, Bi F, Yang S, Yan H, Sun X, Wang J, Qiu Y, Li M, Li S, Li J. Identification of Plasma Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia Using Targeted Metabolomics. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:818-825. [PMID: 37794663 PMCID: PMC10555515 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder with unknown etiology and lacking specific biomarkers. Herein, we aimed to explore plasma biomarkers relevant to SCZ using targeted metabolomics. METHODS Sixty drug-naïve SCZ patients and 36 healthy controls were recruited. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. We analyzed the levels of 271 metabolites in plasma samples from all subjects using targeted metabolomics, and identified metabolites that differed significantly between the two groups. Then we evaluated the diagnostic power of the metabolites based on receiver operating characteristic curves, and explored metabolites associated with the psychotic symptoms in SCZ patients. RESULTS Twenty-six metabolites showed significant differences between SCZ patients and healthy controls. Among them, 12 metabolites were phosphatidylcholines and cortisol, ceramide (d18:1/22:0), acetylcarnitine, and γ-aminobutyric acid, which could significantly distinguish SCZ from healthy controls with the area under the curve (AUC) above 0.7. Further, a panel consisting of the above 4 metabolites had an excellent performance with an AUC of 0.867. In SCZ patients, phosphatidylcholines were positively related with positive symptoms, and cholic acid was positively associated with negative symptoms. CONCLUSION Our study provides insights into the metabolite alterations associated with SCZ and potential biomarkers for its diagnosis and symptom severity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Su
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuyou Bi
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiming Yan
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Qiu
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Hylén U, Särndahl E, Bejerot S, Humble MB, Hyötyläinen T, Salihovic S, Eklund D. Alterations in inflammasome-related immunometabolites in individuals with severe psychiatric disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:268. [PMID: 37076825 PMCID: PMC10114326 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychiatric disorders are common and significantly impact the quality of life. Inflammatory processes are proposed to contribute to the emergence of psychiatric disorders. In addition to inflammation, disturbances in metabolic pathways have been observed in individuals with different psychiatric disorders. A suggested key player in the interaction between inflammation and metabolism is the Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and NLRP3 is known to react to a number of specific metabolites. However, little is known about the interplay between these immunometabolites and the NLRP3 inflammasome in mental health disorders. AIM To assess the interplay between immunometabolites and inflammasome function in a transdiagnostic cohort of individuals with severe mental disorders. METHODS Mass spectrometry-based analysis of selected immunometabolites, previously known to affect inflammasome function, were performed in plasma from low-functioning individuals with severe mental disorders (n = 39) and sex and aged-matched healthy controls (n = 39) using a transdiagnostic approach. Mann Whitney U test was used to test differences in immunometabolites between psychiatric patients and controls. To assess the relationship between inflammasome parameters, disease severity, and the immunometabolites, Spearman's rank-order correlation test was used. Conditional logistic regression was used to control for potential confounding variables. Principal component analysis was performed to explore immunometabolic patterns. RESULTS Among the selected immunometabolites (n = 9), serine, glutamine, and lactic acid were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the controls. After adjusting for confounders, the differences remained significant for all three immunometabolites. No significant correlations were found between immunometabolites and disease severity. CONCLUSION Previous research on metabolic changes in mental disorders has not been conclusive. This study shows that severely ill patients have common metabolic perturbations. The changes in serine, glutamine, and lactic acid could constitute a direct contribution to the low-grade inflammation observed in severe psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Hylén
- University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Susanne Bejerot
- University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats B Humble
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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13
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Song M, Liu Y, Zhou J, Shi H, Su X, Shao M, Yang Y, Wang X, Zhao J, Guo D, Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Lv L, Li W. Potential plasma biomarker panels identification for the diagnosis of first-episode schizophrenia and monitoring antipsychotic monotherapy with the use of metabolomics analyses. Psychiatry Res 2023; 321:115070. [PMID: 36706560 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder. Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we performed comprehensive metabolomics analyses of plasma samples from healthy controls (HC) and first episode SCZ patients before and after an acute period of medication. Ten lipid metabolites and 27 soluble small molecules were identified as potential biomarkers associated with the diagnosis and treatment of SCZ. These metabolites were significantly reduced in SCZ, and lipids and sulfate were significantly increased after treatment. Of the metabolites identified, four showed significant correlations with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores. A biomarker panel composed of alpha-dimorphecolic, Phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/18:1(11Z)), 1-methylnicotinamide, Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), sulfate, and L-tryptophan was selected to distinguish SCZ from HC; this provided the maximum classification performance with an AUC of 0.972. A biomarker panel including C16 sphinganine, gamma-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, PC(16:0/18:1(11Z)), PE(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), and sulfate, was selected for discrimination between SCZ before and after medication, and produced the optimal classification performance with an AUC of 0.905. Disturbances in lipid metabolism, sulfation modification, tryptophan metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant systems, and unsaturated fatty acids metabolism, were identified in SCZ. Our findings could facilitate the development of objective diagnostic or drug treatment monitoring tools for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Ya Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Han Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xi Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Wenqiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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14
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Consolidation of metabolomic, proteomic, and GWAS data in connective model of schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2139. [PMID: 36747015 PMCID: PMC9901842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite of multiple systematic studies of schizophrenia based on proteomics, metabolomics, and genome-wide significant loci, reconstruction of underlying mechanism is still a challenging task. Combination of the advanced data for quantitative proteomics, metabolomics, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) can enhance the current fundamental knowledge about molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we utilized quantitative proteomic and metabolomic assay, and high throughput genotyping for the GWAS study. We identified 20 differently expressed proteins that were validated on an independent cohort of patients with schizophrenia, including ALS, A1AG1, PEDF, VTDB, CERU, APOB, APOH, FASN, GPX3, etc. and almost half of them are new for schizophrenia. The metabolomic survey revealed 18 group-specific compounds, most of which were the part of transformation of tyrosine and steroids with the prevalence to androgens (androsterone sulfate, thyroliberin, thyroxine, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, cholesterol sulfate, metanephrine, dopaquinone, etc.). The GWAS assay mostly failed to reveal significantly associated loci therefore 52 loci with the smoothened p < 10-5 were fractionally integrated into proteome-metabolome data. We integrated three omics layers and powered them by the quantitative analysis to propose a map of molecular events associated with schizophrenia psychopathology. The resulting interplay between different molecular layers emphasizes a strict implication of lipids transport, oxidative stress, imbalance in steroidogenesis and associated impartments of thyroid hormones as key interconnected nodes essential for understanding of how the regulation of distinct metabolic axis is achieved and what happens in the conditioned proteome and metabolome to produce a schizophrenia-specific pattern.
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15
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Cheng Z, Peng Y, Wen J, Chen W, Pan W, Xu X, Lu X, Cai Q, Ge F, Fan Y, Wang J, Guan X. Sex-specific metabolic signatures in methamphetamine addicts. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13255. [PMID: 36577725 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a commonly abused addictive psychostimulant, and METH-induced neurotoxic and behavioural deficits are in a sex-specific manner. However, there is lack of biomarkers to evaluate METH addiction in clinical practice, especially for gender differences. We utilized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to detect the serum metabolomics in METH addicts and controls, specially exploring the sex-specific metabolic alterations by METH abuse. We found that many differently expressed metabolites in METH addicts related to metabolisms of amino acid, energy, vitamin and neurological disorders. Further, METH abuse caused different patterns of metabolomics in a sex-specific manner. As to amino acid metabolism, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-histidine in serum of male addicts and betaine in serum of female addicts were significantly changed by METH use. In addition, it seemed that purine and pyrimidine-related metabolites (e.g., xanthosine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate) in male and the metabolites of hormone (e.g., cortisol) and folate biosynthesis (e.g., 7,8-dihydrobiopterin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) in female were more sensitive to METH addiction. Our findings revealed that L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate acid and citric acid may be potential biomarkers for monitoring METH addiction in clinic. Considering sex-specific toxicity by METH, the metabolites of purine and pyrimidine metabolism in male and those of stress-related hormones in female may be used to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and treatment for METH addicts of different genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqin Peng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weichao Pan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglong Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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16
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Qiu Y, Dong Y, Sun W, Li G, Li MJ, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Li J. Metabolic biomarkers of risperidone-induced weight gain in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1144873. [PMID: 37181896 PMCID: PMC10171109 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1144873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risperidone is a commonly prescribed antipsychotic drug with a potential side effect of weight gain. However, the pathophysiological mechanism is still poorly understood. Here, we sought to identify potential biomarkers of risperidone-induced weight gain by using a targeted metabolomics approach. Methods We enrolled 30 subjects who received risperidone monotherapy for 8 weeks from a prospective longitudinal cohort study for drug-naïve schizophrenia patients. Plasma metabolites were measured by targeted metabolomics Biocrates MxP® Quant 500 Kit at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Results After 8 weeks of risperidone treatment, the levels of 48 differential metabolites were upregulated, including lysophosphatidylcholines (2), phosphatidylcholines (PC) (8), cholesteryl esters (CE) (3), and triglycerides (35), while 6 differential metabolites namely PC aa C38:6, methionine (Met), α-aminobutyric acid (AABA), TrpBetaine, CE (22:6), and Taurocholic acid (TCA) were downregulated. Interestingly, the reduction of PC aa C38:6, AABA and CE (22:6) was linearly related with increased BMI. Further multiple regression analysis showed that the changes of PC aa C38:6 and AABA were independent contributors of increased BMI. In addition, baseline levels of PC aa C36:5, CE (20:5) and AABA had positive relationships with the change of BMI. Conclusion Our findings indicate phosphatidylcholines and amino acids may serve as biomarkers for risperidone-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Qiu
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Dong
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chifeng, China
| | - Mei Juan Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongping Zhao
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changyong Jiang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li,
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17
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Experiences and Perspectives of GC-MS Application for the Search of Low Molecular Weight Discriminants of Schizophrenia. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010324. [PMID: 36615518 PMCID: PMC9822242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most severe chronic mental disorders that is currently diagnosed and categorized through subjective clinical assessment of complex symptoms. At present, there is a recognized need for an objective, unbiased clinical test for schizophrenia diagnosis at an early stage and categorization of the disease. This can be achieved by assaying low-molecular-weight biomarkers of the disease. Here we give an overview of previously conducted research on the discovery of biomarkers of schizophrenia and focus on the studies implemented with the use of GC-MS and the least invasiveness of biological samples acquisition. The presented data demonstrate that GC-MS is a powerful instrumental platform for investigating dysregulated biochemical pathways implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis. With this platform, different research groups suggested a number of low molecular weight biomarkers of schizophrenia. However, we recognize an inconsistency between the biomarkers or biomarkers patterns revealed by different groups even in the same matrix. Moreover, despite the importance of the problem, the number of relevant studies is limited. The intensification of the research, as well as the harmonization of the analytical procedures to overcome the observed inconsistencies, can be indicated as future directions in the schizophrenia bio-markers quest.
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18
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Son AR, Kim SH, Islam M, Oh SJ, Paik MJ, Lee SS, Lee SS. Higher Concentration of Dietary Selenium, Zinc, and Copper Complex Reduces Heat Stress-Associated Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Alteration in the Blood of Holstein and Jersey Steers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223104. [PMID: 36428332 PMCID: PMC9686896 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of high concentrations of dietary minerals on reducing heat stress (HS)-associated oxidative stress and metabolic alterations in the blood of Holstein and Jersey steers. Holstein steers and Jersey steers were separately maintained under a 3 × 3 Latin square design during the summer conditions. For each trial, the treatments included Control (Con; fed basal TMR without additional mineral supplementation), NM (NRC recommended mineral supplementation group; [basal TMR + (Se 0.1 ppm + Zn 30 ppm + Cu 10 ppm) as DM basis]), and HM (higher than NRC recommended mineral supplementation group; [basal TMR + (Se 3.5 ppm + Zn 350 ppm + Cu 28 ppm) as DM basis]). Blood samples were collected at the end of each 20-day feeding trial. In both breeds, a higher superoxide dismutase concentration (U/mL) along with lower HSP27 (μg/L) and HSP70 (μg/L) concentrations were observed in both mineral-supplemented groups compared to the Con group (p < 0.05). The HM group had significantly higher lactic acid levels in Jersey steers (p < 0.05), and tended to have higher alanine levels in Holstein steers (p = 0.051). Based on star pattern recognition analysis, the levels of succinic acid, malic acid, γ-linolenic acid, 13-methyltetradecanoic acid, and tyrosine decreased, whereas palmitoleic acid increased with increasing mineral concentrations in both breeds. Different treatment groups of both breeds were separated according to the VIP scores of the top 15 metabolites through PLS−DA analysis; however, their metabolic trend was mostly associated with the glucose homeostasis. Overall, the results suggested that supplementation with a higher-than-recommended concentration of dietary minerals rich in organic Se, as was the case in the HM group, would help to prevent HS-associated oxidative stress and metabolic alterations in Holstein and Jersey steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Song-Jin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sung-Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Laboratory, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-61-750-3237
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19
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Simić K, Todorović N, Trifunović S, Miladinović Z, Gavrilović A, Jovanović S, Avramović N, Gođevac D, Vujisić L, Tešević V, Tasić L, Mandić B. NMR Metabolomics in Serum Fingerprinting of Schizophrenia Patients in a Serbian Cohort. Metabolites 2022; 12:707. [PMID: 36005580 PMCID: PMC9416612 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a widespread mental disorder that leads to significant functional impairments and premature death. The state of the art indicates gaps in the understanding and diagnosis of this disease, but also the need for personalized and precise approaches to patients through customized medical treatment and reliable monitoring of treatment response. In order to fulfill existing gaps, the establishment of a universal set of disorder biomarkers is a necessary step. Metabolomic investigations of serum samples of Serbian patients with schizophrenia (51) and healthy controls (39), based on NMR analyses associated with chemometrics, led to the identification of 26 metabolites/biomarkers for this disorder. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models with prediction accuracies of 0.9718 and higher were accomplished during chemometric analysis. The established biomarker set includes aspartate/aspartic acid, lysine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, and acylglycerols, which are identified for the first time in schizophrenia serum samples by NMR experiments. The other 22 identified metabolites in the Serbian samples are in accordance with the previously established NMR-based serum biomarker sets of Brazilian and/or Chinese patient samples. Thirteen metabolites (lactate/lactic acid, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine, asparagine, alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, choline, glucose, glycine and tyrosine) that are common for three different ethnic and geographic origins (Serbia, Brazil and China) could be a good start point for the setup of a universal NMR serum biomarker set for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Simić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.S.); (N.T.); (D.G.)
| | - Nina Todorović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.S.); (N.T.); (D.G.)
| | - Snežana Trifunović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.T.); (L.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Zoran Miladinović
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Gavrilović
- Special Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases “Kovin”, Cara Lazara 253, 26220 Kovin, Serbia; (A.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Silvana Jovanović
- Special Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases “Kovin”, Cara Lazara 253, 26220 Kovin, Serbia; (A.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Nataša Avramović
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dejan Gođevac
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.S.); (N.T.); (D.G.)
| | - Ljubodrag Vujisić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.T.); (L.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.T.); (L.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Ljubica Tasić
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Boris Mandić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.T.); (L.V.); (V.T.)
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20
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Karahalil B, Elkama A, Ak M, Nemutlu E. Metabolomics mapping changed after olanzapine therapy in drug-naive schizophrenia patients—the significant impact of gene polymorphisms. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:547-556. [DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Oxidative stress may contribute to the development of schizophrenia and antipsychotics used in schizophrenia treatment may also cause oxidative stress. Gene polymorphisms on antioxidant and repair enzymes are responsible for individual variations and may change the efficacy of olanzapine treatment among schizophrenia patients. In our study, we assessed oxidative stress-related metabolite changes due to genetic polymorphisms on first diagnosed-schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine. Blood samples (n = 30 patients) were taken before treatment (T1), after 10 ± 1 days (T2), and after 3 ± 1 months (T3). T1 served as control for T2 and T3, since it is advantageous to perform on same patient to evaluate the impact of olanzapine only. GSTs (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) and OGG1 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Changes in metabolites were detected with metabolomics profiling by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry according to each genotype before and after treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that metabolomics profiles differed after olanzapine treatment regardless gene polymorphisms. Tryptophan could be a biomarker in response to olanzapine treatment since its levels were increased after treatment. GSTM1 gene polymorphism caused significant changes in some metabolites after treatment. Urea, palmitic acid, and caprylic acid levels increased and alanine levels decreased in patients with GSTM1 null genotypes after olanzapine. In future, targeted metabolomics with these prominent metabolites and assessing gene expressions of GSTs will be beneficial to understand the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bensu Karahalil
- Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330 , Turkey
| | - Aylin Elkama
- Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330 , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ak
- Department of Psychiatry , Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42080 , Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230 , Turkey
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21
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Fan Y, Gao Y, Ma Q, Yang Z, Zhao B, He X, Yang J, Yan B, Gao F, Qian L, Wang W, Zhu F, Ma X. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Aberrant Gut-Metabolome-Immune Network in Schizophrenia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812293. [PMID: 35309369 PMCID: PMC8927969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with several immune dysfunctions, including elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microorganisms and their metabolites have been found to regulate the immune system, and that intestinal microbiota is significantly disturbed in schizophrenic patients. To systematically investigate aberrant gut-metabolome-immune network in schizophrenia, we performed an integrative analysis of intestinal microbiota, serum metabolome, and serum inflammatory cytokines in 63 SCZ patients and 57 healthy controls using a multi-omics strategy. Eighteen differentially abundant metabolite clusters were altered in patients displayed higher cytokine levels, with a significant increase in pro-inflammatory metabolites and a significant decrease in anti-inflammatory metabolites (such as oleic acid and linolenic acid). The bacterial co-abundance groups in the gut displayed more numerous and stronger correlations with circulating metabolites than with cytokines. By integrating these data, we identified that certain bacteria might affect inflammatory cytokines by modulating host metabolites, such as amino acids and fatty acids. A random forest model was constructed based on omics data, and seven serum metabolites significantly associated with cytokines and α-diversity of intestinal microbiota were able to accurately distinguish the cases from the controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.99. Our results indicated aberrant gut-metabolome-immune network in SCZ and gut microbiota may influence immune responses by regulating host metabolic processes. These findings suggest a mechanism by which microbial-derived metabolites regulated inflammatory cytokines and insights into the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders from the microbial-immune system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zai Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengjie Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiancang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Afffliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Kim S, Okazaki S, Otsuka I, Shinko Y, Horai T, Shimmyo N, Hirata T, Yamaki N, Tanifuji T, Boku S, Sora I, Hishimoto A. Searching for biomarkers in schizophrenia and psychosis: Case-control study using capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and systematic review for biofluid metabolites. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:42-51. [PMID: 34889082 PMCID: PMC8919119 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has been attracting attention in recent years as an objective method for diagnosing schizophrenia. In this study, we analyzed 378 metabolites in the serum of schizophrenia patients using capillary electrophoresis- and liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Using multivariate analysis with the orthogonal partial least squares method, we observed significantly higher levels of alanine, glutamate, lactic acid, ornithine, and serine and significantly lower levels of urea, in patients with chronic schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Additionally, levels of fatty acids (15:0), (17:0), and (19:1), cis-11-eicosenoic acid, and thyroxine were significantly higher in patients with acute psychosis than in those in remission. Moreover, we conducted a systematic review of comprehensive metabolomics studies on schizophrenia over the last 20 years and observed consistent trends of increase in some metabolites such as glutamate and glucose, and decrease in citrate in schizophrenia patients across several studies. Hence, we provide substantial evidence for metabolic biomarkers in schizophrenia patients through our metabolomics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saehyeon Kim
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yutaka Shinko
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Naofumi Shimmyo
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Naruhisa Yamaki
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Takaki Tanifuji
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Department of NeuropsychiatryFaculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Department of PsychiatryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
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23
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Huang L, Mao X, Sun C, Li T, Song X, Li J, Gao S, Zhang R, Chen J, He J, Abliz Z. Molecular Pathological Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors Using Spatially Resolved Metabolomics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041390. [PMID: 35209182 PMCID: PMC8876246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathological diagnosis of benign and malignant follicular thyroid tumors remains a major challenge using the current histopathological technique. To improve diagnosis accuracy, spatially resolved metabolomics analysis based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) technique was used to establish a molecular diagnostic strategy for discriminating four pathological types of thyroid tumor. Without any specific labels, numerous metabolite features with their spatial distribution information can be acquired by AFADESI-MSI. The underlying metabolic heterogeneity can be visualized in line with the cellular heterogeneity in native tumor tissue. Through micro-regional feature extraction and in situ metabolomics analysis, three sets of metabolic biomarkers for the visual discrimination of benign follicular adenoma and differentiated thyroid carcinomas were discovered. Additionally, the automated prediction of tumor foci was supported by a diagnostic model based on the metabolic profile of 65 thyroid nodules. The model prediction accuracy was 83.3% when a test set of 12 independent samples was used. This diagnostic strategy presents a new way of performing in situ pathological examinations using small molecular biomarkers and provides a model diagnosis for clinically indeterminate thyroid tumor cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.H.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (Z.A.)
| | - Xinxin Mao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Chenglong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.H.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (Z.A.)
| | - Tiegang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.H.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (Z.A.)
| | - Xiaowei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.H.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (Z.A.)
| | - Jiangshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.H.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (Z.A.)
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.H.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (Z.A.)
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.H.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (Z.A.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.H.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (Z.A.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.H.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (Z.A.)
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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24
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Lin C, Hu Q, Dong J, Wei Z, Li J, Chen Z. Serum metabolic signatures of schizophrenia patients complicated with hepatitis B virus infection: A 1H NMR-based metabolomics study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:998709. [PMID: 36620683 PMCID: PMC9810819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.998709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe chronic mental disorder with increased risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is incurable currently and induces various negative emotions and psychological pressures in patients to exacerbate mental disorders. To facilitate the therapeutic design for SZ patients complicated with HBV infection (SZ + HBV), it is helpful to first elucidate the metabolic perturbations in SZ + HBV patients. METHODS In this study, metabolic profiles of the serum samples from four groups of participants comprising healthy controls (HC, n = 72), HBV infection (n = 52), SZ patients (n = 37), and SZ + HBV (n = 41) patients were investigated using a high-resolution 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Distinguishable metabolic profiles were found in the four groups. In comparison with HC, HBV infection induced increased levels of citrate and succinate to perturbate the tricarboxylic acid cycle and succinate-related pathways. Similar to SZ cases, SZ + HBV patients exhibited decreased glucose but increased citrate, pyruvate, and lactate, suggesting the occurrence of disturbance in glucose metabolism. Moreover, in comparison with HC, several serum amino acid levels in SZ + HBV patients were significantly altered. Our findings suggest that Warburg effect, energy metabolism disorders, neurotransmitter metabolism abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction and several disturbed pathways in relation to tyrosine and choline appear to play specific and central roles in the pathophysiology of SZ + HBV. Apart from replicating metabolic alterations induced by SZ and HBV separately (e.g., in energy metabolism and Warburg effect), the specific metabolic abnormalities in the SZ + HBV group (e.g., several tyrosine- and choline-related pathways) highlighted the existence of a synergistic action between SZ and HBV pathologies. Current study revealed the metabolic alterations specific to the interaction between SZ and HBV pathologies, and may open important perspectives for designing precise therapies for SZ + HBV patients beyond the simple combination of two individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiyang Dong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Serum Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Novel Biomarkers of Efficacy for Benfotiamine in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413188. [PMID: 34947984 PMCID: PMC8709126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum metabolomics and lipidomics are powerful approaches for discovering unique biomarkers in various diseases and associated therapeutics and for revealing metabolic mechanisms of both. Treatment with Benfotiamine (BFT), a thiamine prodrug, for one year produced encouraging results for patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, a parallel metabolomics and lipidomics approach was applied for the first exploratory investigation on the serum metabolome and lipidome of patients treated with BFT. A total of 315 unique metabolites and 417 lipids species were confidently identified and relatively quantified. Rigorous statistical analyses revealed significant differences between the placebo and BFT treatment groups in 25 metabolites, including thiamine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lysine, and 22 lipid species, mostly belonging to phosphatidylcholines. Additionally, 10 of 11 metabolites and 14 of 15 lipid species reported in previous literature to follow AD progression changed in the opposite direction to those reported to reflect AD progression. Enrichment and pathway analyses show that significantly altered metabolites by BFT are involved in glucose metabolism and biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Our study discovered that multiple novel biomarkers and multiple mechanisms that may underlie the benefit of BFT are potential therapeutic targets in AD and should be validated in studies with larger sample sizes.
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26
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Iino K, Toriumi K, Agarie R, Miyashita M, Suzuki K, Horiuchi Y, Niizato K, Oshima K, Imai A, Nagase Y, Kushima I, Koike S, Ikegame T, Jinde S, Nagata E, Washizuka S, Miyata T, Takizawa S, Hashimoto R, Kasai K, Ozaki N, Itokawa M, Arai M. AKR1A1 Variant Associated With Schizophrenia Causes Exon Skipping, Leading to Loss of Enzymatic Activity. Front Genet 2021; 12:762999. [PMID: 34938315 PMCID: PMC8685500 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder characterized by positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms such as anhedonia and flat affect, and cognitive impairment. Recently, glucuronate (GlucA) levels were reported to be significantly higher in serum of patients with schizophrenia than those in healthy controls. The accumulation of GlucA is known to be related to treatment-resistant schizophrenia, since GlucA is known to promote drug excretion by forming conjugates with drugs. However, the cause of GlucA accumulation remains unclear. Aldo-keto reductase family one member A1 (AKR1A1) is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of GlucA. Genetic loss of AKR1A1 function is known to result in the accumulation of GlucA in rodents. Here, we aimed to explore genetic defects in AKR1A1 in patients with schizophrenia, which may result in the accumulation of GlucA. We identified 28 variants of AKR1A1 in patients with schizophrenia and control subjects. In particular, we identified a silent c.753G > A (rs745484618, p. Arg251Arg) variant located at the first position of exon 8 to be associated with schizophrenia. Using a minigene assay, we found that the c.753G > A variant induced exon 8 skipping in AKR1A1, resulting in a frameshift mutation, which in turn led to truncation of the AKR1A1 protein. Using the recombinant protein, we demonstrated that the truncated AKR1A1 completely lost its activity. Furthermore, we showed that AKR1A1 mRNA expression in the whole blood cells of individuals with the c.753G > A variant tended to be lower than that in those without the variants, leading to lower AKR activity. Our findings suggest that AKR1A1 carrying the c.753G > A variant induces exon skipping, leading to a loss of gene expression and enzymatic activity. Thus, GlucA patients with schizophrenia with the c.753G > A variant may show higher GlucA levels, leading to drug-resistant schizophrenia, since drug excretion by GlucA is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoka Iino
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Toriumi
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riko Agarie
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Takatsuki Hospital, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasue Horiuchi
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Niizato
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nagase
- Department of Psychiatry, Takatsuki Hospital, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tempei Ikegame
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Jinde
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Washizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunya Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makoto Arai,
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27
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Lenski M, Sidibé J, Gholam M, Hennart B, Dubath C, Augsburger M, von Gunten A, Conus P, Allorge D, Thomas A, Eap CB. Metabolomic alteration induced by psychotropic drugs: Short-term metabolite profile as a predictor of weight gain evolution. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:2544-2555. [PMID: 34387942 PMCID: PMC8604229 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychotropic drugs can induce strong metabolic adverse effects, potentially increasing morbidity and/or mortality of patients. Metabolomic profiling, by studying the levels of numerous metabolic intermediates and products in the blood, allows a more detailed examination of metabolism dysfunctions. We aimed to identify blood metabolomic markers associated with weight gain in psychiatric patients. Sixty-two patients starting a treatment known to induce weight gain were recruited. Two hundred and six selected metabolites implicated in various pathways were analyzed in plasma, at baseline and after 1 month of treatment. Additionally, 15 metabolites of the kynurenine pathway were quantified. This latter analysis was repeated in a confirmatory cohort of 24 patients. Among the 206 metabolites, a plasma metabolomic fingerprint after 1 month of treatment embedded 19 compounds from different chemical classes (amino acids, acylcarnitines, carboxylic acids, catecholamines, nucleosides, pyridine, and tetrapyrrole) potentially involved in metabolic disruption and inflammation processes. The predictive potential of such early metabolite changes on 3 months of weight evolution was then explored using a linear mixed-effects model. Of these 19 metabolites, short-term modifications of kynurenine, hexanoylcarnitine, and biliverdin, as well as kynurenine/tryptophan ratio at 1 month, were associated with 3 months weight evolution. Alterations of the kynurenine pathway were confirmed by quantification, in both exploratory and confirmatory cohorts. Our metabolomic study suggests a specific metabolic dysregulation after 1 month of treatment with psychotropic drugs known to induce weight gain. The identified metabolomic signature could contribute in the future to the prediction of weight gain in patients treated with psychotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lenski
- Univ. LilleCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleULR 4483 – IMPECS – IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaineLilleFrance
| | - Jonathan Sidibé
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and ChemistryCURMLLausanne University HospitalGeneva University HospitalsLausanne, GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam
- Department of PsychiatryCenter for Psychiatric Epidemiology and PsychopathologyLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausannePrillySwitzerland
| | - Benjamin Hennart
- Univ. LilleCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleULR 4483 – IMPECS – IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaineLilleFrance
| | - Céline Dubath
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical PsychopharmacologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Psychiatric NeuroscienceLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausannePrillySwitzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and ChemistryCURMLLausanne University HospitalGeneva University HospitalsLausanne, GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausannePrillySwitzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausannePrillySwitzerland
| | - Delphine Allorge
- Univ. LilleCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleULR 4483 – IMPECS – IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaineLilleFrance
| | - Aurelien Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and ChemistryCURMLLausanne University HospitalGeneva University HospitalsLausanne, GenevaSwitzerland
- Faculty Unit of ToxicologyFaculty of Biology and MedicineCURML, Lausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Chin B. Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical PsychopharmacologyDepartment of PsychiatryCenter for Psychiatric NeuroscienceLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausannePrillySwitzerland
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of LausanneSwitzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western SwitzerlandUniversity of GenevaUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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28
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Notaras M, Lodhi A, Fang H, Greening D, Colak D. The proteomic architecture of schizophrenia iPSC-derived cerebral organoids reveals alterations in GWAS and neuronal development factors. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:541. [PMID: 34667143 PMCID: PMC8526592 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (Scz) is a brain disorder that has a typical onset in early adulthood but otherwise maintains unknown disease origins. Unfortunately, little progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopment of Scz due to ethical and technical limitations in accessing developing human brain tissue. To overcome this challenge, we have previously utilized patient-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) to generate self-developing, self-maturating, and self-organizing 3D brain-like tissue known as cerebral organoids. As a continuation of this prior work, here we provide an architectural map of the developing Scz organoid proteome. Utilizing iPSCs from n = 25 human donors (n = 8 healthy Ctrl donors, and n = 17 Scz patients), we generated 3D cerebral organoids, employed 16-plex isobaric sample-barcoding chemistry, and simultaneously subjected samples to comprehensive high-throughput liquid-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (LC/MS) quantitative proteomics. Of 3,705 proteins identified by high-throughput proteomic profiling, we identified that just ~2.62% of the organoid global proteomic landscape was differentially regulated in Scz organoids. In sum, just 43 proteins were up-regulated and 54 were down-regulated in Scz patient-derived organoids. Notably, a range of neuronal factors were depleted in Scz organoids (e.g., MAP2, TUBB3, SV2A, GAP43, CRABP1, NCAM1 etc.). Based on global enrichment analysis, alterations in key pathways that regulate nervous system development (e.g., axonogenesis, axon development, axon guidance, morphogenesis pathways regulating neuronal differentiation, as well as substantia nigra development) were perturbed in Scz patient-derived organoids. We also identified prominent alterations in two novel GWAS factors, Pleiotrophin (PTN) and Podocalyxin (PODXL), in Scz organoids. In sum, this work serves as both a report and a resource that researchers can leverage to compare, contrast, or orthogonally validate Scz factors and pathways identified in observational clinical studies and other model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Notaras
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aiman Lodhi
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Institute for Heart and Diabetes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Greening
- Baker Institute for Heart and Diabetes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Dilek Colak
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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29
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Liu JH, Chen N, Guo YH, Guan XN, Wang J, Wang D, Xiu MH. Metabolomics-based understanding of the olanzapine-induced weight gain in female first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 140:409-415. [PMID: 34144444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia (SZ) have greater rate of metabolic disorder as compared with the control population, which likely be the consequence of use of atypical antipsychotics. Olanzapine is a widely used antipsychotic, which increases the weight of SZ patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we report the metabolomics-based understanding of the weight gain induced by olanzapine. 57 first-episode drug-naïve patients (FEDN) were recruited, of whom 27 patients completed a 4-week clinical trial. We then profiled the metabolomes of their plasma with the LC-MS-based nontargeted metabolomics approach at the baseline and after olanzapine monotherapy for 4 weeks. We observed that the plasma of the olanzapine-treated patient had significantly higher lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) and lower carnitine as compared with that of the baseline plasma samples. Moreover, regression analyses indicated that the change of LysoPC(14:0) level was an independent contributor to the olanzapine-induced weight gain. Our study suggests that the metabolomics-based approach may facilitate the identification of biomarkers associated with the metabolic disorder causing by antipsychotic in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hong Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hong Guo
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Ni Guan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Mei Hong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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30
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Interrelationships Between Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, and Psychotic Symptoms and Executive Functions in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:485-491. [PMID: 34080586 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is involved in various abnormalities in oxidative stress markers and cytokines closely related to synaptic plasticity. However, the interactive effects among key cytokines, oxidative stress, and executive dysfunction and symptoms of schizophrenia have not been investigated yet. METHODS A total of 189 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 60 controls were recruited in the current study. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and IL-2 levels; catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in patients and controls. Executive function was evaluated by the Wisconsin card sorting tests, the verbal fluency tests, and the Stroop word-color test. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS Relative to the controls, the patients had lower activities of SOD and glutathione peroxidase and levels of TNF-α, but higher levels of MDA, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-2 (all p values < .05). A significant negative relationship between SOD activity and IL-8 levels was found only in patients (β = -0.44, p = .008). Furthermore, we found that an interactive effect of low TNF-α level and high MDA level was associated with negative symptoms (β = -0.02, p = .01). Moreover, the interactive effects of IL-8 and MDA or IL-8 and SOD were correlated with executive function only in patients (β = 0.23, p = .02; β = 0.09, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the interrelationships between oxidative stress markers and cytokines occur in schizophrenia patients, which may be the basis of their pathological mechanisms underlying clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.
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31
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Murgia F, Gagliano A, Tanca MG, Or-Geva N, Hendren A, Carucci S, Pintor M, Cera F, Cossu F, Sotgiu S, Atzori L, Zuddas A. Metabolomic Characterization of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). Front Neurosci 2021; 15:645267. [PMID: 34121984 PMCID: PMC8194687 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction PANS is a controversial clinical entity, consisting of a complex constellation of psychiatric symptoms, adventitious changes, and expression of various serological alterations, likely sustained by an autoimmune/inflammatory disease. Detection of novel biomarkers of PANS is highly desirable for both diagnostic and therapeutic management of affected patients. Analysis of metabolites has proven useful in detecting biomarkers for other neuroimmune-psychiatric diseases. Here, we utilize the metabolomics approach to determine whether it is possible to define a specific metabolic pattern in patients affected by PANS compared to healthy subjects. Design This observational case-control study tested consecutive patients referred for PANS between June 2019 to May 2020. A PANS diagnosis was confirmed according to the PANS working criteria (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2010). Healthy age and sex-matched subjects were recruited as controls. Methods Thirty-four outpatients referred for PANS (mean age 9.5 years; SD 2.9, 71% male) and 25 neurotypical subjects matched for age and gender, were subjected to metabolite analysis. Serum samples were obtained from each participant and were analyzed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, multivariate and univariate statistical analyses and Receiver Operator Curves (ROC) were performed. Results Separation of the samples, in line with the presence of PANS diagnosis, was observed by applying a supervised model (R2X = 0.44, R2Y = 0.54, Q2 = 0.44, p-value < 0.0001). The significantly altered variables were 2-Hydroxybutyrate, glycine, glutamine, histidine, tryptophan. Pathway analysis indicated that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan metabolism, as well as glutamine and glutamate metabolism, exhibited the largest deviations from neurotypical controls. Conclusion We found a unique plasma metabolic profile in PANS patients, significantly differing from that of healthy children, that suggests the involvement of specific patterns of neurotransmission (tryptophan, glycine, histamine/histidine) as well as a more general state of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (glutamine, 2-Hydroxybutyrate, and tryptophan-kynurenine pathway) in the disorder. This metabolomics study offers new insights into biological mechanisms underpinning the disorder and supports research of other potential biomarkers implicated in PANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Murgia
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Gagliano
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, "A. Cao" Peditric Hosptal, "G. Brotzu" Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello G Tanca
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Noga Or-Geva
- Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Aran Hendren
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Carucci
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, "A. Cao" Peditric Hosptal, "G. Brotzu" Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manuela Pintor
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, "A. Cao" Peditric Hosptal, "G. Brotzu" Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Cera
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fausto Cossu
- Paediatric Clinic, "A. Cao" Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zuddas
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, "A. Cao" Peditric Hosptal, "G. Brotzu" Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
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32
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Zhang C, Jones M, Govaert L, Viant M, De Meester L, Stoks R. Resurrecting the metabolome: Rapid evolution magnifies the metabolomic plasticity to predation in a natural Daphnia population. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2285-2297. [PMID: 33720474 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Populations rely on already present plastic responses (ancestral plasticity) and evolution (including both evolution of mean trait values, constitutive evolution, and evolution of plasticity) to adapt to novel environmental conditions. Because of the lack of evidence from natural populations, controversy remains regarding the interplay between ancestral plasticity and rapid evolution in driving responses to new stressors. We addressed this topic at the level of the metabolome utilizing a resurrected natural population of the water flea Daphnia magna that underwent a human-caused increase followed by a reduction in predation pressure within ~16 years. Predation risk induced plastic changes in the metabolome which were mainly related to shifts in amino acid and sugar metabolism, suggesting predation risk affected protein and sugar utilization to increase energy supply. Both the constitutive and plastic components of the metabolic profiles showed rapid, probably adaptive evolution whereby ancestral plasticity and evolution contributed nearly equally to the total changes of the metabolomes. The subpopulation that experienced the strongest fish predation pressure and showed the strongest phenotypic response, also showed the strongest metabolomic response to fish kairomones, both in terms of the number of responsive metabolites and in the amplitude of the multivariate metabolomic reaction norm. More importantly, the metabolites with higher ancestral plasticity showed stronger evolution of plasticity when predation pressure increased, while this pattern reversed when predation pressure relaxed. Our results therefore highlight that the evolution in response to a novel pressure in a natural population magnified the metabolomic plasticity to this stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Jones
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lynn Govaert
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mark Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Xu L, Tang X, Hao F, Gao Y. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity assessment on ethanol extract of Fructus Psoraleae in Sprague Dawley rats using a UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of serum metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5064. [PMID: 33450093 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fructus Psoraleae (FP) is commonly used in the treatment of vitiligo, osteoporosis, and other diseases in clinic. As a result, the toxicity caused by FP is frequently encountered in clinical practice; however, the underlying toxicity mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of the ethanol extract of FP (EEFP) in rats and to explore the underlying toxic mechanisms using a metabolomics approach. The toxicity was evaluated by hematological indicators, biochemical indicators, and histological changes. In addition, a serum metabolomic method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) had been established to investigate the hepatorenal toxicity of FP. Multivariate statistical approaches, such as partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, were built to evaluate the toxic effects of FP and find potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways. Ten endogenous metabolites had been identified and the related metabolic pathways were involved in phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and antioxidant system activities. The results showed that long-term exposure to high-dose EEFP may cause hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Therefore, serum metabolomics can improve the diagnostic efficiency of FP toxicity and make it more accurate and comprehensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Xu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feiran Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Levels in Chronic Patients with Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010034. [PMID: 33466490 PMCID: PMC7824812 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids and acylcarnitines play an important role as substrates and intermediate products in most of pathways involved in schizophrenia development such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, lipid oxidation, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. It seems relevant to use an integrated approach with 'omics' technology to study their contribution. The aim of our study was to investigate serum amino acid and acylcarnitine levels in antipsychotics-treated patients with chronic schizophrenia compared with healthy donors. We measured serum levels of 15 amino acids and 30 acylcarnitines in 37 patients with schizophrenia and 36 healthy donors by means of tandem mass spectrometry. In summary, patients with chronic schizophrenia had an altered concentration of a few amino acids and acylcarnitines in comparison to the healthy probands. Further research is needed to assess and understand the identified changes.
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Borovcanin MM, Janicijevic SM, Mijailovic NR, Jovanovic IP, Arsenijevic NN, Vesic K. Uric Acid Potential Role in Systemic Inflammation and Negative Symptoms After Acute Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:822579. [PMID: 35237183 PMCID: PMC8882684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.822579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) has been shown to have neuroprotective or neurotoxic properties, in relation to specific tissues and diseases that have been studied. Previous studies provided contradictory results on the role of UA in schizophrenia as a neurodegenerative disorder. The aim of this brief report was an additional analysis of UA sera levels in different phases of schizophrenia. Here, 86 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) vs. 45 patients with schizophrenia in relapse (SC in relapse) vs. 35 healthy control subjects (HC) were studied before and 1 month after antipsychotic therapy. Further, we aimed to explore the possible correlation of UA with scores presenting clinical features and with serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17. When comparing the data between all three groups, we did not find significant differences in UA levels, either before or after the applied therapy. Also, comparing sera concentrations of UA in every single group, the analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between FEP patients, but statistically, a significant difference was found in SC in relapse before and after treatment (334.71 ± 116.84 vs. 289.37 ± 109.15 μmol/L, p = 0.05). Uric acid serum levels correlated with negative sub-score (p = 0.001, r = 0.306), general sub-score (p = 0.015, r = 0.236), and total PANSS score (p = 0.009, r = 0.3) after 1 month of therapy. We have established a statistically significant positive correlation between serum concentrations of UA and IL-6 in exacerbation (p = 0.01, r = 0.220) and with IL-17 after treatment and in the stabilization of psychosis (p = 0.01, r = 0.34), suggesting potential cascades in different phases of schizophrenia that potentiate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slavica Minic Janicijevic
- Doctor of Philosophy Studies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Natasa R Mijailovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan P Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa N Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Metabolomic profiles associated with a mouse model of antipsychotic-induced food intake and weight gain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18581. [PMID: 33122657 PMCID: PMC7596057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (AP) are used to treat a multitude of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, APs also have metabolic side effects including increased food intake and body weight, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We previously reported that minocycline (MINO) co-treatment abrogates olanzapine (OLZ)-induced hyperphagia and weight gain in mice. Using this model, we investigated the changes in the pharmacometabolome in the plasma and hypothalamus associated with OLZ-induced hyperphagia and weight gain. Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into groups and fed either i) control, CON (45% fat diet) ii) CON + MINO, iii) OLZ (45% fat diet with OLZ), iv) OLZ + MINO. We identified one hypothalamic metabolite indoxylsulfuric acid and 389 plasma metabolites (including 19 known metabolites) that were specifically associated with AP-induced hyperphagia and weight gain in mice. We found that plasma citrulline, tricosenoic acid, docosadienoic acid and palmitoleic acid were increased while serine, asparagine and arachidonic acid and its derivatives were decreased in response to OLZ. These changes were specifically blocked by co-treatment with MINO. These pharmacometabolomic profiles associated with AP-induced hyperphagia and weight gain provide candidate biomarkers and mechanistic insights related to the metabolic side effects of these widely used drugs.
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Xu F, Ma X, Zhu Y, Sutterland A, Cheng R, Miao S, Chen J, Qiu L, Zhou Y. Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia comorbidity on serum lipid profile: A population retrospective study from Eastern China. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104587. [PMID: 33091579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a parasitic protozoa that is associated with various psychiatric disorders. Both T. gondii infection and disturbed host's lipid profile are common in schizophrenia patients. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain speculative. Also, the characteristics of serum lipid levels in schizophrenia patients comorbid with T. gondii infection are not clear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influence of chronic T. gondii infection on the characteristic physiological indexes of schizophrenia patients so as to provide some insights into finding target therapeutic drugs. METHODS In this study, the effect of chronic T. gondii infection on serum lipid profile was retrospectively analysed in 1719 schizophrenic patients and 1552 healthy subjects from Eastern China. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against T. gondii (17.98%) in schizophrenia patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (7.35%, χ2 = 81.831, P = 0.000). Compared to T. gondii IgG-seronegative schizophrenia patients, IgG-seropositive group had higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.000) and triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.000) levels, while total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.000) levels showed an opposite tendency in IgG-seropositive cases. We also found significant correlation between T. gondii seropositivity and increased TG (P = 0.000) and TC levels (P = 0.000) in schizophrenia patients. Binary regression analysis also showed that decreased TC level was more common among schizophrenia patients with T. gondii seropositivity compared to seronegative subjects (OR = 0.617, 95%CI = 0.509-0.749, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Patients with chronic T. gondii infection and comorbid schizophrenia had higher HDL and TG levels, while cholesterol levels showed an opposite trend. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report focus on the host's lipid profile of chronic T. gondii infection and comorbid schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Arjen Sutterland
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruitang Cheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Sunhan Miao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Jialu Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Liying Qiu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Olive L, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Gustad LT, Maes M. Endothelial dysfunction in neuroprogressive disorders-causes and suggested treatments. BMC Med 2020; 18:305. [PMID: 33070778 PMCID: PMC7570030 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential routes whereby systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may drive the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, even in an environment of low cholesterol, are examined. MAIN TEXT Key molecular players involved in the regulation of endothelial cell function are described, including PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGFRs, SFK, Rho GEF TRIO, RAC-1, ITAM, SHP-2, MAPK/ERK, STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, eNOS, nitric oxide, miRNAs, KLF-4 and KLF-2. The key roles of platelet activation, xanthene oxidase and myeloperoxidase in the genesis of endothelial cell dysfunction and activation are detailed. The following roles of circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of endothelial cell dysfunction are then described: paracrine signalling by circulating hydrogen peroxide, inhibition of eNOS and increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, including compromised mitochondrial dynamics, loss of calcium ion homeostasis and inactivation of SIRT-1-mediated signalling pathways. Next, loss of cellular redox homeostasis is considered, including further aspects of the roles of hydrogen peroxide signalling, the pathological consequences of elevated NF-κB, compromised S-nitrosylation and the development of hypernitrosylation and increased transcription of atherogenic miRNAs. These molecular aspects are then applied to neuroprogressive disorders by considering the following potential generators of endothelial dysfunction and activation in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: NF-κB; platelet activation; atherogenic miRs; myeloperoxidase; xanthene oxidase and uric acid; and inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Finally, on the basis of the above molecular mechanisms, details are given of potential treatment options for mitigating endothelial cell dysfunction and activation in neuroprogressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Olive
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre Carvalho
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ken Walder
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lise Tuset Gustad
- Department of Circulation and medical imaging, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Pruett BS, Meador-Woodruff JH. Evidence for altered energy metabolism, increased lactate, and decreased pH in schizophrenia brain: A focused review and meta-analysis of human postmortem and magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Schizophr Res 2020; 223:29-42. [PMID: 32958361 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Though the pathophysiology of schizophrenia remains poorly understood, altered brain energy metabolism is increasingly implicated. Here, we conduct meta-analyses of the available human studies measuring lactate or pH in schizophrenia brain and discuss the accumulating evidence for increased lactate and decreased pH in schizophrenia brain and evidence linking these to negative and cognitive symptom severity. Meta-analysis of six postmortem studies revealed a significant increase in lactate in schizophrenia brain while meta-analysis of 14 magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies did not reveal a significant change in brain pH in schizophrenia. However, only five of these studies were likely sufficiently powered to detect differences in brain pH, and meta-analysis of these five studies found a nonsignificant decrease in pH in schizophrenia brain. Next, we discuss evidence for altered brain energy metabolism in schizophrenia and how this may underlie a buildup of lactate and decreased pH. This alteration, similar to the Warburg effect extensively described in cancer biology, involves diminished tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation along with a shift toward increased reliance on glycolysis for energy production. We then explore the role that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hypoxia-related changes in gene expression likely play in this shift in brain energy metabolism and address the functional consequences of lowered brain pH in schizophrenia including alterations in neurotransmitter regulation, mRNA stability, and overall patterns of gene expression. Finally, we discuss how altered energy metabolism in schizophrenia brain may serve as an effective target in the treatment of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Pruett
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
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Ramos-Figueroa JS, Aamudalapalli HB, Jagdhane RC, Smith J, Palmer DRJ. Preparation and Application of 13C-Labeled myo-Inositol to Identify New Catabolic Products in Inositol Metabolism in Lactobacillus casei. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2974-2985. [PMID: 32786400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
myo-Inositol (mI) is widely distributed in all domains of life and is important for several cellular functions, including bacterial survival. The enzymes responsible for the bacterial catabolism of mI, encoded in the iol operon, can vary from one organism to another, and these pathways have yet to be fully characterized. We previously identified a new scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase (sIDH) in the iol operon of Lactobacillus casei that can oxidize mI in addition to the natural substrate, scyllo-inositol, but the product of mI oxidation was not determined. Here we report the identification of these metabolites by monitoring the reaction with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. We prepared all six singly 13C-labeled mI isotopomers through a biocatalytic approach and used these labeled inositols as substrates for sIDH. The use of all six singly labeled mI isotopomers allowed for metabolite characterization without isolation steps. sIDH oxidation of mI produces 1l-5-myo-inosose preferentially, but also two minor products, 1d-chiro-inosose and 1l-chiro-inosose. Together with previous crystal structure data for sIDH, we were able to rationalize the observed oxidation preference. Our relatively simple procedure for the preparation of isotopically labeled mI standards can have broad applications for the study of mI biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Babu Aamudalapalli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Rajendra C Jagdhane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Joseph Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - David R J Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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Onozato M, Umino M, Shoji A, Ichiba H, Tsujino N, Funatogawa T, Tagata H, Nemoto T, Mizuno M, Fukushima T. Serum d- and l-lactate, pyruvate and glucose levels in individuals with at-risk mental state and correlations with clinical symptoms. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:410-417. [PMID: 31402579 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Little information exists on the peripheral metabolite levels in individuals with at-risk mental state who meet the criteria for a high-risk state of psychosis. Here, we aimed to investigate serum levels of glucose, pyruvate and d- and l-lactate, which may act as a signalling molecule for learning and memory in neuronal cells. METHODS High performance liquid chromatography or commercial kits were used to assess serum metabolites in individuals with attenuated psychosis symptoms of at-risk mental state (n = 24, men = 12) who were not receiving antipsychotics. The metabolite levels of these individuals were compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (controls, n = 23, men = 11). Correlations between the metabolites and clinical symptoms of at-risk mental state were also examined. RESULTS Individuals with at-risk mental state had higher serum glucose levels than did controls (P = 2.18 × 10-3 ), while no significant difference in pyruvate levels were observed between the groups. Individuals with at-risk mental state had significantly lower serum l-lactate levels than did controls (P = 6.31 × 10-5 ), while no differences in d-lactate levels were observed. Furthermore, a negative correlation was identified between serum l-lactate levels and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative symptoms scores (r = -0.5651, P = 4.01 × 10-3 ) in individuals with at-risk mental state. CONCLUSIONS We found that, compared with controls, individuals with at-risk mental state have reduced serum l-lactate levels, which may predate psychosis onset, and may be involved in the related negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Onozato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maho Umino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Shoji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ichiba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Funatogawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukushima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
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NMR-Based Metabonomic Study Reveals Intervention Effects of Polydatin on Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6943860. [PMID: 32695259 PMCID: PMC7362289 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6943860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have disclosed the antihyperuricemic effect of polydatin, a natural precursor of resveratrol; however, the mechanisms of action still remain elusive. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of polydatin on potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in rats through metabonomic technology from a holistic view. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to capture the metabolic changes in sera and urine collected from rats induced by hyperuricemia and polydatin treatment. With multivariate data analysis, significant metabolic perturbations were observed in hyperuricemic rats compared with the healthy controls. A total of eleven and six metabolites were identified as differential metabolites related to hyperuricemia in serum and urine of rats, respectively. The proposed pathways primarily included branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, purine metabolism, and intestinal microflora metabolism. Additionally, some metabolites indicated the risk of renal injury induced by hyperuricemia. Polydatin significantly lowered the levels of serum uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen and alleviated the abnormal metabolic status in hyperuricemic rats by partially restoring the balance of the perturbed metabolic pathways. Our findings shed light on the understanding of the pathophysiological process of hyperuricemia and provided a reference for revealing the metabolic mechanism produced by polydatin in the treatment of hyperuricemia.
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Liao G, Song X, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang L, Qiu J, Hou R. Cytotoxicity of 2,2',3,5',6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB95) and its metabolites in the chicken embryo liver cells of laying hens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110338. [PMID: 32135376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,2',3,5',6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB95) is known as a persistent pollutant that was found in eggs in China. PCB 95 can be metabolized into OH-PCB95 and MeO-PCB95 in liver microsomes. However, the toxicity and its mechanism of PCB95 or its metabolites have been little studied on laying hens. Herein, chicken embryo liver cells of laying hens were selected and treated with different levels of PCB95 and its two metabolites, and the EC50 of PCB95, OH-PCB95, MeO-PCB95 was 80.85, 4.81 and 107.04 μg/mL respectively, indicating that OH-PCB95 is much more cytotoxic than PCB95 or MeO-PCB95. Targeted metabolomics was further used to study the effects of the parent compound and its metabolites on cell metabolism. The results showed that four primary types of glycerophospholipids were down-regulated after exposure to PCB95 and its metabolites, especially PE and PS (60% more than the control for PCB95, 40% for OH-PCB95, and less than 40% for MeO-PCB95). KEGG pathway analysis based on amino acid metabolism showed that PCB95 may mainly interfere with the amino acids involved in immune regulation (phenylalanine and tyrosine), and OH-PCB95 may be associated with genetic disoders (cysteine, methionine and purine metabolism). However, the metabolic pathways induced by MeO-PCB95 are quite different from those induced by PCB95 and OH-PCB95, affecting mainly D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, alanine and glutamate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism; these pathways mainly regulate the elimination of excess purines and are involved in the synthesis of the amino acids required by cells. These results showed that OH-PCB95 has the highest toxicity on chicken embryo liver cells and MeO-PCB95 could be a detoxification product of PCB95 and OH-PCB95. This study contributes to the understanding of the different effects of PCB95 and its metabolites on cellular metabolism, and the data are helpful in evaluating the hepatotoxic effects of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Lab of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ruyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Lab of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Lin BD, Alkema A, Peters T, Zinkstok J, Libuda L, Hebebrand J, Antel J, Hinney A, Cahn W, Adan R, Luykx JJ. Assessing causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1505-1514. [PMID: 31504541 PMCID: PMC7070229 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood immunoreactive biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and metabolic abnormalities have been associated with schizophrenia. Studies comprehensively and bidirectionally probing possible causal links between such blood constituents and liability to schizophrenia are lacking. METHODS To disentangle putative causal links between CRP blood levels and schizophrenia in both directions, we conducted multiple univariable Mendelian-randomization (MR) analyses, ranging from fixed-effect to inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted-median, MR Egger and generalized summary-data-based Mendelian-randomization (GSMR) models. To prioritize metabolic risk factors for schizophrenia, a novel multivariable approach was applied: multivariable Mendelian-randomization-Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA). RESULTS All forward univariable MR analyses consistently showed that CRP has a protective effect on schizophrenia, whereas reverse MR analyses consistently suggested absent causal effects of schizophrenia liability on CRP blood levels. Using MR-BMA, as the top protective factors for schizophrenia we prioritized leucine and as the prime risk-factor triglycerides in medium very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The five best-performing MR-BMA models provided one additional risk factor: triglycerides in large VLDL; and two additional protective factors: citrate and lactate. CONCLUSIONS Our results add to a growing body of literature hinting at metabolic changes-in particular of triglycerides-independently of medication status in schizophrenia. We also highlight the absent effects of genetic liability to schizophrenia on CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao D Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Alkema
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Janneke Zinkstok
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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45
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Luo Q, Wen Z, Li Y, Chen Z, Long X, Bai Y, Huang S, Yan Y, Lin R, Mo Z. Assessment Causality in Associations Between Serum Uric Acid and Risk of Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Clin Epidemiol 2020; 12:223-233. [PMID: 32161502 PMCID: PMC7049772 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s236885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although increasing lines of evidence showed associations between serum uric acid (UA) levels and schizophrenia, the causality and the direction of the associations remain uncertain. Thus, we aimed to assess whether the relationships between serum UA levels and schizophrenia are causal and to determine the direction of the association. Patients and Methods Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses and various sensitivity analyses were performed utilizing the summary data from genome-wide association studies within the Global Urate Genetics Consortium and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Secondary MR analyses in both directions were conducted within summary data using genetic risk scores (GRSs) as instrumental variables. Results Three MR methods provided no causal relationship between serum UA and schizophrenia. Furthermore, GRS approach showed similar results in the three MR methods after adjustment for heterogeneity. By contrast, inverse variance weighted method, weighted median and GRS approach suggested a causal effect of schizophrenia risk on serum UA after adjustment for heterogeneity (per 10-symmetric percentage increase in schizophrenia risk, beta: -0.039, standard error (SE): 0.013, P = 0.003; beta: -0.036, SE: 0.018, P = 0.043; beta: -0.039, SE: 0.013, P = 0.002; respectively). Moreover, in both directions' analyses, the heterogeneity and sensitivity tests suggested no strong evidence of bias due to pleiotropy. Conclusion Schizophrenia may causally affect serum UA levels, whereas the causal role of serum UA concentrations in schizophrenia was not supported by our MR analyses. These findings suggest that UA may be a useful potential biomarker for monitoring treatment or diagnosis of schizophrenia rather than a therapeutic target for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Luo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfan Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Long
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Bai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkun Yan
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Immunometabolic approaches to prevent, detect, and treat neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:399-405. [PMID: 31689710 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first days of postnatal life are energetically demanding as metabolic functions change dramatically to accommodate drastic environmental and physiologic transitions after birth. It is increasingly appreciated that metabolic pathways are not only crucial for nutrition but also play important roles in regulating inflammation and the host response to infection. Neonatal susceptibility to infection is increased due to a functionally distinct immune response characterized by high reliance on innate immune mechanisms. Interactions between metabolism and the immune response are increasingly recognized, as changes in metabolic pathways drive innate immune cell function and activation and consequently host response to pathogens. Moreover, metabolites, such as acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and succinate have immunoregulatory properties and serve as cofactors for enzymes involved in epigenetic reprogramming or "training" of innate immune cells after an initial infectious exposure. Highly sensitive metabolomic approaches allow us to define alterations in metabolic signatures as they change during ontogeny and as perturbed by immunization or infection, thereby linking metabolic pathways to immune cell effector functions. Characterizing the ontogeny of immunometabolism will offer new opportunities to prevent, diagnose, and treat neonatal sepsis.
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Joaquim HPG, Costa AC, Talib LL, Dethloff F, Serpa MH, Zanetti MV, van de Bilt M, Turck CW. Plasma Metabolite Profiles in First Episode Psychosis: Exploring Symptoms Heterogeneity/Severity in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Cohorts. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:496. [PMID: 32581873 PMCID: PMC7290160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first symptoms of psychosis are frequently shared amongst several neuropsychiatry disorders, which makes the differentiation by clinical diagnosis challenging. Early recognition of symptoms is important in the management of psychosis. Therefore, the implementation of molecular biomarkers will be crucial for transforming the currently used diagnostic and therapeutic approach, improving insights into the underlying biological processes and clinical management. OBJECTIVES To define a set of metabolites that supports diagnosis or prognosis of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) at first onset psychosis. METHODS Plasma samples from 55 drug-naïve patients, 28 SCZ and 27 BD, and 42 healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent a seminaturalistic treatment regimen, clinically evaluated on a weekly basis until achieving clinical remission. All clinical or sociodemographic aspects considered for this study were equivalent between the groups at first-onset psychosis time point. The plasma samples were analyzed by untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography. The acquired molecular features were analyzed with MetaboAnalyst. RESULTS We identified two patient groups with different metabolite profiles. Both groups are composed of SCZ and BD patients. We found differences between these two groups regarding general symptoms of PANSS score after remission (p = 0.008), and the improvement of general symptoms (delta of the score at remission minus the baseline) (-0.50 vs. -0.33, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that plasma metabolite profiles cluster clinical remission phenotypes based on PANSS general psychopathology scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena P G Joaquim
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM-27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alana C Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM-27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leda L Talib
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM-27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederik Dethloff
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Mauricio H Serpa
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging LIM-21, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging LIM-21, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martinus van de Bilt
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM-27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Peripheral biomarkers allow differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 119:67-75. [PMID: 31568986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental disorders that pose important challenges for diagnosis by sharing common symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations. The underlying pathophysiology of both disorders remains largely unknown, and the identification of biomarkers with potential to support diagnosis is highly desirable. In a previous study, we successfully discriminated SCZ and BD patients from healthy control (HC) individuals by employing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). In this study, 1H-NMR data treated by chemometrics, principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), provided the identification of metabolites present only in BD (as for instance the 2,3-diphospho-D-glyceric acid, N-acetyl aspartyl-glutamic acid, monoethyl malonate) or only in SCZ (as isovaleryl carnitine, pantothenate, mannitol, glycine, GABA). This may represent a set of potential biomarkers to support the diagnosis of these mental disorders, enabling the discrimination between SCZ and BD, and among these psychiatric patients and HC (as 6-hydroxydopamine was present in BD and SCZ but not in HC). The presence or absence of these metabolites in blood allowed the categorization of 182 independent subjects into one of these three groups. In addition, the presented data suggest disturbances in metabolic pathways in SCZ and BD, which may provide new and important information to support the elucidation and/or new insights into the neurobiology underlying these mental disorders.
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Puangpetch A, Srisawasdi P, Unaharassamee W, Jiratjintana N, Vanavanan S, Punprasit S, Na Nakorn C, Sukasem C, Kroll MH. Association between polymorphisms of LEP, LEPR, DRD2, HTR2A and HTR2C genes and risperidone- or clozapine-induced hyperglycemia. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:155-166. [PMID: 31496784 PMCID: PMC6689662 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s210770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether genetic polymorphisms related to pharmacodynamics with metabolic adverse effects, namely leptin promoter (LEP) rs7799039, leptin receptor rs1137101, dopamine D2 rs4436578, serotonin 5-HT2A rs6313, and serotonin 5-HT2C rs518147 and rs12836771, are associated with hyperglycemia induced by risperidone or clozapine in adult Thai patients with psychosis. Methods A total of 180 patients treated with risperidone-based (n=130) or clozapine-based (n=50) regimens were included in this study. Blood samples were analyzed for genotyping of the candidate genes and biochemical testing. Genotyping was performed by conducting a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction-based analysis. Results The prevalence of hyperglycemia was higher in patients receiving clozapine (64.0%) than in those receiving risperidone (30.8%). Among the candidate genes, only the LEP rs7799039 polymorphism demonstrated a significant association with hyperglycemia (χ2=9.879, P=0.008) in patients treated with risperidone; patients with the AA genotype had the highest risk (41.1%), followed by those with AG (20.8%) and GG (0%) genotypes. Using the recessive genetic model (AA vs AG + GG), the odds ratio and 95% CI were 3.28 and 1.44 −7.50, respectively. None of the genes were associated with hyperglycemia in patients treated with clozapine. A binary logistic regression revealed that the LEP rs7799039 polymorphism demonstrated a significant association with hyperglycemia, independent of body-mass index (BMI) in patients receiving risperidone; the odds ratio (95% CI) was 3.188 (1.399–7.262), P=0.006. By contrast, none of the pharmacodynamic genetic factors, except for BMI, were significantly associated with hyperglycemia in patients receiving clozapine. Conclusion The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the LEP rs7799039 polymorphism in Thai adults receiving risperidone but not in those receiving clozapine. Clarifying underlying mechanisms and risk of hyperglycemia provides an opportunity to prevent impaired glucose metabolism in patients receiving risperidone or clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichaya Puangpetch
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Srisawasdi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Napa Jiratjintana
- Department of Psychiatry, Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somlak Vanavanan
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suweejuk Punprasit
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalitpon Na Nakorn
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Approximately 20%-30% of schizophrenia patients are resistant to current standard pharmacotherapies. Recent schizophrenia research aims to identify specific pathophysiological abnormalities and novel targets in the disease, with the goals of identifying at-risk individuals, facilitating diagnosis, prompting early and personalized interventions, and helping predict response to treatment. Metabolomics involves the systematic study of the profile of biochemical alterations early in the course of a given disorder. Major aspects of the schizophrenia metabolome have been characterized, uncovering potential selective biomarkers for the disease that may change how the disorder is diagnosed, and how patients are stratified and treated. This review focuses on the most common metabolomic fingerprints of the different pathways involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and the potential development of novel metabolomic-related pharmacotherapies for improved treatment of schizophrenia and other related idiopathic psychotic disorders.
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