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Anton PE, Nagpal P, Moreno J, Burchill MA, Chatterjee A, Busquet N, Mesches M, Kovacs EJ, McCullough RL. NF-κB/NLRP3 Translational Inhibition by Nanoligomer Therapy Mitigates Ethanol and Advanced Age-Related Neuroinflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582114. [PMID: 38464118 PMCID: PMC10925165 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Binge alcohol use is increasing among aged adults (>65 years). Alcohol-related toxicity in aged adults is associated with neurodegeneration, yet the molecular underpinnings of age-related sensitivity to alcohol are not well described. Studies utilizing rodent models of neurodegenerative disease reveal heightened activation of Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Nod like receptor 3 (NLRP3) mediate microglia activation and associated neuronal injury. Our group, and others, have implicated hippocampal-resident microglia as key producers of inflammatory mediators, yet the link between inflammation and neurodegeneration has not been established in models of binge ethanol exposure and advanced age. Here, we report binge ethanol increased the proportion of NLRP3+ microglia in the hippocampus of aged (18-20 months) female C57BL/6N mice compared to young (3-4 months). In primary microglia, ethanol-induced expression of reactivity markers and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were more pronounced in microglia from aged mice compared to young. Making use of an NLRP3-specific inhibitor (OLT1177) and a novel brain-penetrant Nanoligomer that inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 translation (SB_NI_112), we find ethanol-induced microglial reactivity can be attenuated by OLT1177 and SB_NI_112 in microglia from aged mice. In a model of intermittent binge ethanol exposure, SB_NI_112 prevented ethanol-mediated microglia reactivity, IL-1β production, and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of aged mice. These data suggest early indicators of neurodegeneration occurring with advanced age and binge ethanol exposure are NF-κB- and NLRP3-dependent. Further investigation is warranted to explore the use of targeted immunosuppression via Nanoligomers to attenuate neuroinflammation after alcohol consumption in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Julie Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Matthew A. Burchill
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Nicolas Busquet
- Animal Behavior & In Vivo Neurophysiology Core, NeuroTechnology Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora Colorado
| | - Michael Mesches
- Animal Behavior & In Vivo Neurophysiology Core, NeuroTechnology Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora Colorado
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Veterans’ Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO
| | - Rebecca L. McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Anton PE, Rutt LN, Kaufman ML, Busquet N, Kovacs EJ, McCullough RL. Binge ethanol exposure in advanced age elevates neuroinflammation and early indicators of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:303-316. [PMID: 38151165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is rising among aged adults (>65 years of age), however the contribution of alcohol misuse to neurodegenerative disease development is not well understood. Both advanced age and repeated binge ethanol exposure increase neuroinflammation, which is an important component of neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. Surprisingly, the distinct effects of binge ethanol exposure on neuroinflammation and associated degeneration in the aged brain have not been well characterized. Here, we establish a model of intermittent binge ethanol exposure in young and aged female mice to investigate the effects of advanced age and binge ethanol on these outcomes. Following intermittent binge ethanol exposure, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (tnf-α, il-1β, ccl2) was distinctly increased in isolated hippocampal tissue by the combination of advanced age and ethanol. Binge ethanol exposure also increased measures of senescence, the nod like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and microglia reactivity in the brains of aged mice compared to young. Binge ethanol exposure also promoted neuropathology in the hippocampus of aged mice, including tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death. We further identified advanced age-related deficits in contextual memory that were further negatively impacted by ethanol exposure. These data suggest binge drinking superimposed with advanced age promotes early markers of neurodegenerative disease development and cognitive decline, which may be driven by heightened neuroinflammatory responses to ethanol. Taken together, we propose this novel exposure model of intermittent binge ethanol can be used to identify therapeutic targets to prevent advanced age- and ethanol-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren N Rutt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael L Kaufman
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Animal Behavior and In Vivo Neurophysiology Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Melbourne JK, Wooden JI, Carlson ER, Anasooya Shaji C, Nixon K. Neuroimmune Activation and Microglia Reactivity in Female Rats Following Alcohol Dependence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1603. [PMID: 38338883 PMCID: PMC10855949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The rates of alcohol use disorder among women are growing, yet little is known about how the female brain is affected by alcohol. The neuroimmune system, and specifically microglia, have been implicated in mediating alcohol neurotoxicity, but most preclinical studies have focused on males. Further, few studies have considered changes to the microglial phenotype when examining the effects of ethanol on brain structure and function. Therefore, we quantified microglial reactivity in female rats using a binge model of alcohol dependence, assessed through morphological and phenotypic marker expression, coupled with regional cytokine levels. In a time- and region-dependent manner, alcohol altered the microglial number and morphology, including the soma and process area, and the overall complexity within the corticolimbic regions examined, but no significant increases in the proinflammatory markers MHCII or CD68 were observed. The majority of cytokine and growth factor levels examined were similarly unchanged. However, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα was increased, and the anti-inflammatory IL-10, decreased. Thus, female rats showed subtle differences in neuroimmune reactivity compared to past work in males, consistent with reports of enhanced neuroimmune responses in females across the literature. These data suggest that specific neuroimmune reactions in females may impact their susceptibility to alcohol neurotoxicity and other neurodegenerative events with microglial contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (J.K.M.)
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Guerin SP, Melbourne JK, Dang HQ, Shaji CA, Nixon K. Astrocyte Reactivity and Neurodegeneration in the Female Rat Brain Following Alcohol Dependence. Neuroscience 2023; 529:183-199. [PMID: 37598836 PMCID: PMC10810177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that alcohol use disorder (AUD) may manifest itself differently in women compared to men. Women experience AUDs on an accelerated timeline and may have certain regional vulnerabilities. In male rats, neuronal cell death and astrocyte reactivity are noted following induction of alcohol dependence in an animal model of an AUD. However, the regional and temporal patterns of neurodegeneration and astrocyte reactivity have yet to be fully examined in females using this model. Therefore, adult female rats were exposed to a 4-day binge model of alcohol dependence followed by different periods of abstinence. Histological markers for FluoroJade B, a label of degenerating neurons, and vimentin, a marker for reactive astrocytes, were utilized. The expression of these markers in cortical and limbic regions was quantified immediately after their last dose (e.g., T0), or 2, 7, and 14 days later. Significant neuronal cell death was noted in the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus, similar to previous reports in males, but also in several cortical regions not previously observed. Vimentin immunoreactivity was noted in the same regions as previously reported, in addition to three novel regions. Vimentin immunoreactivity also occurred at earlier and later time points in some cortical and hippocampal regions. These data suggest that both neuronal cell death and astrocyte reactivity could be more widespread in females compared to males. Therefore, this study provides a framework for specific regions and time points which should be examined in future studies of alcohol-induced damage that include female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Guerin
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer K Melbourne
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Huy Q Dang
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Carlson ER, Guerin SP, Nixon K, Fonken LK. The neuroimmune system - Where aging and excess alcohol intersect. Alcohol 2023; 107:153-167. [PMID: 36150610 PMCID: PMC10023388 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As the percentage of the global population over age 65 grows, and with it a subpopulation of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), understanding the effect of alcohol on the aged brain is of utmost importance. Neuroinflammation is implicated in both natural aging as well as alcohol use, and its role in alterations to brain morphology and function may be exacerbated in aging individuals who drink alcohol to excess. The neuroimmune response to alcohol in aging is complex. The few studies investigating this issue have reported heightened basal activity and either hypo- or hyper-reactivity to an alcohol challenge. This review of preclinical research will first introduce key players of the immune system, then explore changes in neuroimmune function with aging or alcohol alone, with discussion of vulnerable brain regions, changes in cytokines, and varied reactions of microglia and astrocytes. We will then consider different levels of alcohol exposure, relevant animal models of AUD, and neuroimmune activation by alcohol across the lifespan. By identifying key findings, challenges, and targets for future research, we hope to bring more attention and resources to this underexplored area of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R Carlson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Steven P Guerin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Randall CA, Sun D, Randall PA. Differential Effects of Nicotine, Alcohol, and Coexposure on Neuroimmune-Related Protein and Gene Expression in Corticolimbic Brain Regions of Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:628-644. [PMID: 36705334 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol co-use is extremely common and their use constitutes two of the most common causes of preventable death, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are largely understudied. Activation of neuroimmune toll-like receptors (TLRs) promotes the induction of proinflammatory cascades and increases alcohol intake in rodents, which further promotes TLRs in the brain; nicotine may decrease central proinflammatory signaling. The current studies sought to determine the effects of nicotine ± alcohol (alone or in combination) on circulating blood plasma and TLR protein/gene expression in addiction-associated corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex-prelimbic (mPFC-PL) and nucleus accumbens core (AcbC). Adult rats were treated with alcohol (0 or 2 g/kg, IG) and exposed to nicotine vapor (0 or 30 mg/mL solution) daily for 2, 14, or 28 days. Plasma studies indicated no effects of independent exposure or coexposure in males. Coexposure decreased plasma nicotine levels versus nicotine-only treated females, yet alcohol and cotinine concentrations were unchanged. By 28 days, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 was decreased in alcohol-only females. Divergent changes in TLR3 (but not TLR4) protein occurred for independent-drug exposed males (but not coexposure), with reductions in the mPFC-PL after 14 days and increases in the AcbC by 28 days. Gene expression following chronic coexposure suggests nicotine may regionally counteract alcohol-induced inflammation, including increased AcbC-TLR3/4/7 and several downstream markers in females and increased mPFC-PL-TLR3 and -STAT3 (but not IRF3) evident in males with exposure to either drug alone. These findings give further insight into the role of sex and the neuroimmune system in independent exposure and coexposure to nicotine ± alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A Randall
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 United States
| | - Patrick A Randall
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 United States
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Rath M, Figueroa AM, Zhang P, Stevens SM, Liu B. Establishment of a Simple and Versatile Evaporation Compensation Model for in vitro Chronic Ethanol Treatment: Impact on Neuronal Viability. NEUROGLIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:61-72. [PMID: 37981908 PMCID: PMC10655227 DOI: 10.3390/neuroglia3020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol overconsumption is a major cause of preventable mental disorders and death in the United States and around the world. The pathogenesis of alcohol dependence, abuse, and toxicity to the central nervous system remains incompletely understood. In vitro and cell culture-based models have been highly valuable in studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the contribution of individual CNS cell types to ethanol's effects on the brain. However, conventional cell culture model systems carry the inherent disadvantage of rapid loss of ethanol due to evaporation following a bolus addition at the start of the treatment. We have established a multi-well cell culture plate-based ethanol evaporation compensation model that utilizes the inter-well space as a reservoir to compensate for the evaporative loss of ethanol in the cell treatment wells. Following a single bolus addition at the start of the treatment, ethanol concentration rapidly decreased over time. Through compensation using the multi-well plate platform, maintenance of ethanol concentrations ranging from 10-100 mM was achieved for up to 72 hours in a cell-free system. Greater effects in ethanol-induced decrease in neuronal cell viability were observed with than without compensation. Our method effectively compensates for the evaporative loss of ethanol typically observed in the traditional method. This method provides an economic, simple and effective in vitro model system for ethanol treatment over an extended timeframe where maintenance of a relatively constant concentration of ethanol is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Rath
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ariana M. Figueroa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Stanley M. Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Melbourne JK, Chandler CM, Van Doorn CE, Bardo MT, Pauly JR, Peng H, Nixon K. Primed for addiction: A critical review of the role of microglia in the neurodevelopmental consequences of adolescent alcohol drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1908-1926. [PMID: 34486128 PMCID: PMC8793635 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most widely used recreational substances worldwide, with drinking frequently initiated during adolescence. The developmental state of the adolescent brain makes it vulnerable to initiating alcohol use, often in high doses, and particularly susceptible to alcohol-induced brain changes. Microglia, the brain parenchymal macrophages, have been implicated in mediating some of these effects, though the role that these cells play in the progression from alcohol drinking to dependence remains unclear. Microglia are uniquely positioned to sense and respond to central nervous system insult, and are now understood to exhibit innate immune memory, or "priming," altering their future functional responses based on prior exposures. In alcohol use disorders (AUDs), the role of microglia is debated. Whereas microglial activation can be pathogenic, contributing to neuroinflammation, tissue damage, and behavioral changes, or protective, it can also engage protective functions, providing support and mediating the resolution of damage. Understanding the role of microglia in adolescent AUDs is complicated by the fact that microglia are thought to be involved in developmental processes such as synaptic refinement and myelination, which underlie the functional maturation of multiple brain systems in adolescence. Thus, the role microglia play in the impact of alcohol use in adolescence is likely multifaceted. Long-term sequelae may be due to a failure to recover from EtOH-induced tissue damage, altered neurodevelopmental trajectories, and/or persistent changes to microglial responsivity and function. Here, we review critically the literature surrounding the effects of alcohol on microglia in models of adolescent alcohol misuse. We attempt to disentangle what is known about microglia from other neuroimmune effectors, to which we apply recent discoveries on the role of microglia in development and plasticity. Considered altogether, these studies challenge assumptions that proinflammatory microglia drive addiction. Alcohol priming microglia and thereby perturbing their homeostatic roles in neurodevelopment, especially during critical periods of plasticity such as adolescence, may have more serious implications for the neuropathogenesis of AUDs in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Melbourne
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Cassie M. Chandler
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Michael T. Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - James R. Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Russo M, Humes ST, Figueroa AM, Tagmount A, Zhang P, Loguinov A, Lednicky JA, Sabo-Attwood T, Vulpe CD, Liu B. Organochlorine Pesticide Dieldrin Suppresses Cellular Interferon-Related Antiviral Gene Expression. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:260-274. [PMID: 34051100 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent pollutants linked to diverse adverse health outcomes. Environmental exposure to OCPs has been suggested to negatively impact the immune system but their effects on cellular antiviral responses remain unknown. Transcriptomic analysis of N27 rat dopaminergic neuronal cells unexpectedly detected high level expression of genes in the interferon (IFN)-related antiviral response pathways including the IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 2 (Ifit1/2) and the MX Dynamin Like GTPases Mx1 and Mx2. Interestingly, treatment of N27 cells with dieldrin markedly downregulated the expression of many of these genes. Dieldrin exterted a similar effect in inhibiting IFIT2 and MX1 gene expression in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells induced by an RNA viral mimic, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and IFIT2/3 gene expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells exposed to human influenza H1N1 virus. Mechanistically, dieldrin induced a rapid rise in levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) and a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant and GSH biosynthesis precursor, effectively blocked both dieldrin-induced increases in iROS and its inhibition of poly I:C-induced upregulation of IFIT and MX gene expression, suggesting a role for intracellular oxidative status in dieldrin's modulation of antiviral gene expression. This study demonstrates that dieldrin modulates key genes of the cellular innate immune responses that are normally involved in the host's cellular defense against viral infections. Our findings have potential relevance to understanding the organismal effects of environmentally persistent organochlorine contaminants on the mammalian cellular immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Russo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Sara T Humes
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Ariana M Figueroa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Abderrahmane Tagmount
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Alex Loguinov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Chris D Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Possible mechanisms of HIV neuro-infection in alcohol use: Interplay of oxidative stress, inflammation, and energy interruption. Alcohol 2021; 94:25-41. [PMID: 33864851 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use and HIV-1 infection have a pervasive impact on brain function, which extends to the requirement, distribution, and utilization of energy within the central nervous system. This effect on neuroenergetics may explain, in part, the exacerbation of HIV-1 disease under the influence of alcohol, particularly the persistence of HIV-associated neurological complications. The objective of this review article is to highlight the possible mechanisms of HIV/AIDS progression in alcohol users from the perspective of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and interruption of energy metabolism. These include the hallmark of sustained immune cell activation and high metabolic energy demand by HIV-1-infected cells in the central nervous system, with at-risk alcohol use. Here, we discussed the point that the increase in energy supply requirement by HIV-1-infected neuroimmune cells as well as the deterrence of nutrient uptake across the blood-brain barrier significantly depletes the energy source and neuro-environment homeostasis in the CNS. We also described the mechanistic idea that comorbidity of HIV-1 infection and alcohol use can cause a metabolic shift and redistribution of energy usage toward HIV-1-infected neuroimmune cells, as shown in neuropathological evidence. Under such an imbalanced neuro-environment, meaningless energy waste is expected in infected cells, along with unnecessary malnutrition in non-infected neuronal cells, which is likely to accelerate HIV neuro-infection progression in alcohol use. Thus, it will be important to consider the factor of nutrients/energy imbalance in formulating treatment strategies to help impede the progression of HIV-1 disease and associated neurological disorders in alcohol use.
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Peng H, Nixon K. Microglia Phenotypes Following the Induction of Alcohol Dependence in Adolescent Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:105-116. [PMID: 33164228 PMCID: PMC8296648 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the innate immune system may play a role in the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), which often originate with adolescent alcohol abuse. A key player in the innate immune system is microglia, the activation of which occurs along a spectrum from proinflammatory, or M1-like, to anti-inflammatory, or M2-like, phenotypes. METHODS Adolescent, male rats were gavaged with ethanol (EtOH) or isocaloric control diet every 8 hours for 4 days and then sacrificed at 0, 2, 7, and 14 days later. Microglia were isolated from the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus by Percoll gradient centrifugation, labeled with surface antigens for activation, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Polarization states of microglia, defined as CD11b+ CD45low cells, were determined by the expression of M1 surface markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, CD32, and CD86, and M2 surface marker, CD206 (mannose receptor). Cytokine gene expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Isolated cells were a highly enriched population (>95% pure) of microglia/macrophages according to CD11b immunoreactivity. EtOH rats showed the most dramatic increases in microglia activation markers CD11b and CD45, and M1 (MHC-II) and M2 (CD206) markers at T2, when additional M1 markers CD86 and CD32 were also increased. Surprisingly, proinflammatory gene expression of CCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α generally was decreased at all time points in EtOH rats except for IL-6 which was increased at T0 and TNF-α which was not changed at T0 in either region. Simultaneously, BDNF expression was increased at T2 and T7, while IGF1 and TGF-β gene expression was decreased. Arginase was also increased at T0 in hippocampus, but not changed by alcohol otherwise. CONCLUSIONS These data show that microglia phenotype after alcohol dependence is not a simple M1 or M2 classification, though more indicators of an anti-inflammatory phenotype were observed. Determining microglia phenotype is critical for understanding their role in the development of AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Austin, TX USA
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12
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Rath M, Guergues J, Pinho JPC, Zhang P, Nguyen TG, MacFadyen KA, Peris J, McLaughlin JP, Stevens SM, Liu B. Chronic Voluntary Binge Ethanol Consumption Causes Sex-Specific Differences in Microglial Signaling Pathways and Withdrawal-associated Behaviors in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1791-1806. [PMID: 32767774 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain where they play essential roles in the development and maintenance of physiological functions of this organ. Aberrant activation of microglia is speculated to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders, including alcohol use disorders. Repeated binge ethanol (EtOH) consumption can have a profound impact on the function and integrity of the brain resulting in changes in behaviors such as withdrawal and reward. However, the microglial molecular and cellular pathways associated with EtOH binge consumption remain poorly understood. METHOD In this study, adult C57BL/6J male and female mice were subjected daily to a gelatin-based drinking-in-the-dark voluntary EtOH consumption paradigm (3 h/d for 4 months) to characterize EtOH consumption and withdrawal-associated and anxiety-like behaviors. Brain microglia were isolated at the end and analyzed for protein expression profile changes using unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. RESULTS Both male and female mice consistently consumed binge quantities of EtOH daily, resulting in blood EtOH levels > 80 mg/dl measured at the end of the 3-hour daily consumption period. Although female mice consumed a significantly greater amount of EtOH than male mice, EtOH withdrawal-associated anxiety-like behaviors measured by marble-burying, light-dark box, and elevated plus maze tests were predominantly observed in male mice. Proteomic analysis of microglia isolated from the brains of animals at the end of the 4-month binge EtOH consumption identified 117 and 37 proteins that were significantly up- or downregulated in EtOH-exposed male and female mice, respectively, compared to their pair-fed controls. Protein expression profile-based pathway analysis identified several cellular pathways that may underlie the sex-specific and EtOH withdrawal-associated behavioral abnormalities. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings revealed sex-specific changes in EtOH withdrawal-associated behaviors and signaling pathways in the mouse brain microglia and may help advance our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes related to human binge EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Rath
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer Guergues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (JG, SMS), Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont, USA
| | - Joao P C Pinho
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology (JPCP), University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Truc G Nguyen
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kaley A MacFadyen
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joanna Peris
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (JG, SMS), Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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13
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Deep proteome profiling reveals novel pathways associated with pro-inflammatory and alcohol-induced microglial activation phenotypes. J Proteomics 2020; 220:103753. [PMID: 32200115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, can exhibit a broad range of activation phenotypes, many of which have been implicated in several diseases and disorders of the central nervous system including those related to alcohol abuse. Given the complexity of global-scale molecular changes that define microglial activation, accurate phenotypic classification in the context of alcohol exposure is still lacking. We employed an optimized method for deep, quantitative proteome profiling of primary microglia in order to characterize their response to acute exposure to alcohol (ethanol) as well as the pro-inflammatory driver and TLR4 agonist, LPS. From this analysis, 5,062 total proteins were identified where 4,857 and 4,928 of those proteins were quantifiable by label-free quantitation in ethanol and LPS treatment groups, respectively. This study highlights the subtle, yet significant proteomic changes that occur in ethanol-treated microglia, which do not align with the robust pro-inflammatory phenotype induced by TLR4 activation. Specifically, our results indicate inhibition of several upstream regulators associated with inflammation, opposing effects on pathways such as phagocytosis upon comparison to TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory phenotype, and a potential metabolic shift associated with increased expression of proteins related to OXPHOS and lipid homeostasis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD14466. SIGNIFICANCE: Alcohol abuse has a significant impact on the central nervous system, which includes the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting from glial cell activation. Microglia, in particular, are the resident immune cells of the brain and exhibit a broad range of activation phenotypes. The molecular changes that drive microglial activation phenotype are complex and have yet to be fully characterized in the context of alcohol exposure. Our study highlights the first and most comprehensive characterization of alcohol-induced proteomic changes in primary microglia to date and has shed light on novel immune-related and metabolic pathways that are altered due to alcohol exposure. The results from this study provide an important foundation for future work aimed to understand the complexity of alcohol-induced microglial activation in vivo and other translational models of acute and chronic alcohol exposure.
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14
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Stowell RD, Majewska AK. Acute ethanol exposure rapidly alters cerebellar and cortical microglial physiology. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:5834-5843. [PMID: 32064695 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use is highly prevalent in modern society and ramifications of alcohol abuse pose a large public health concern. Previous work investigating the effects of alcohol exposure on the brain has implicated microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), as critical participants in the brain's response to chronic and developmental ethanol (EtOH) exposure. As rapid sensors of their environment, microglia also have the capacity to rapidly respond to alcohol administration and to contribute to acute effects of alcohol on the brain; however, their acute responses have not been assessed. Here, for the first time, we have examined the acute response of microglia to alcohol intoxication in vivo utilizing two-photon microscopy to assess the dynamics of these motile cells in both visual cortex and the cerebellum of mice. We found that microglia respond rapidly to EtOH exposure with fast changes in morphology, motility, parenchyma surveillance, and injury response. However, regional differences between the responses of cerebellar and cortical microglial populations indicate that subtle differences in microglial physiology may alter their vulnerability to acute alcohol intoxication. Our findings suggest that the longer-term effects of repeated EtOH exposure on microglia may result from repeat acute alterations in microglial physiology by single exposure to alcohol which rapidly alter behavior in specific microglial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne D Stowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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15
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Melbourne JK, Thompson KR, Peng H, Nixon K. Its complicated: The relationship between alcohol and microglia in the search for novel pharmacotherapeutic targets for alcohol use disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 167:179-221. [PMID: 31601404 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder with wide-ranging health consequences. Alcohol targets the central nervous system producing neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive and behavioral deficits, but the mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear. Recently, evidence has been mounting for the role of neuroimmune activation in the pathogenesis of AUDs, but our nascent state of knowledge about the interaction of alcohol with the neuroimmune system supports that the relationship is complicated. As the resident macrophage of the central nervous system, microglia are a central focus. Human and animal research on the interplay between microglia and alcohol in AUDs has proven to be complex, and though early research focused on a pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia, the anti-inflammatory and homeostatic roles of microglia must be considered. How these new roles for microglia should be incorporated into our thinking about the neuroimmune system in AUDs is discussed in the context of developing novel pharmacotherapies for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Melbourne
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Austin, TX, United States
| | - K Ryan Thompson
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hui Peng
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Austin, TX, United States.
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16
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Guergues J, Zhang P, Liu B, Stevens SM. Improved Methodology for Sensitive and Rapid Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Adult-Derived Mouse Microglia: Application to a Novel In Vitro Mouse Microglial Cell Model. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800469. [PMID: 30980500 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, as the resident brain immune cells, can exhibit a broad range of activation phenotypes, which have been implicated in a multitude of central nervous system disorders. Current widely studied microglial cell lines are mainly derived from neonatal rodent brain that can limit their relevance to homeostatic function and disease-related neuroimmune responses in the adult brain. Recently, an adult mouse brain-derived microglial cell line has been established; however, a comprehensive proteome dataset remains lacking. Here, an optimization method for sensitive and rapid quantitative proteomic analysis of microglia is described that involves suspension trapping (S-Trap) for efficient and reproducible protein extraction from a limited number of microglial cells expected from an adult mouse brain (≈300 000). Using a 2-h gradient on a 75-cm UPLC column with a modified data dependent acquisition method on a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, 4855 total proteins have been identified where 4698 of which are quantifiable by label-free quantitation with a median and average coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.7% and 10.6%, respectively. This dataset highlights the high depth of proteome coverage and related quantitation precision of the adult-derived microglial proteome including proteins associated with several key pathways related to immune response. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Guergues
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA
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17
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Catale C, Bussone S, Lo Iacono L, Carola V. Microglial alterations induced by psychoactive drugs: A possible mechanism in substance use disorder? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:164-175. [PMID: 31004753 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the xenobiotic hypothesis has implicated the immune system in targeting substances of abuse as foreign molecules and stimulating inflammatory responses. Microglial cells are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system and function in homeostatic surveillance. Microglial changes that are induced by exposure to substances of abuse appear to mediate in part the establishment of addiction and the persistence of drug-mediated biological and behavioral changes. In this context, interest in the study of drug-microglia interactions has increased recently. This review summarizes the most recent preclinical rodent and clinical studies on the interaction between microglia and various classes of drugs of abuse, such as ethanol, psychostimulants, and opioids. The principal biological mechanisms of the communication between substances of abuse and microglia will be described to consider putative mechanisms of the establishment of drug addiction and future potential targets for treating substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Catale
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bussone
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Lo Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Robinson AR, Yousefzadeh MJ, Rozgaja TA, Wang J, Li X, Tilstra JS, Feldman CH, Gregg SQ, Johnson CH, Skoda EM, Frantz MC, Bell-Temin H, Pope-Varsalona H, Gurkar AU, Nasto LA, Robinson RAS, Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg H, Czerwinska J, McGowan SJ, Cantu-Medellin N, Harris JB, Maniar S, Ross MA, Trussoni CE, LaRusso NF, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ, Tudek B, Vo NV, Rigatti LH, Opresko PL, Stolz DB, Watkins SC, Burd CE, Croix CMS, Siuzdak G, Yates NA, Robbins PD, Wang Y, Wipf P, Kelley EE, Niedernhofer LJ. Spontaneous DNA damage to the nuclear genome promotes senescence, redox imbalance and aging. Redox Biol 2018; 17:259-273. [PMID: 29747066 PMCID: PMC6006678 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of senescent cells over time contributes to aging and age-related diseases. However, what drives senescence in vivo is not clear. Here we used a genetic approach to determine if spontaneous nuclear DNA damage is sufficient to initiate senescence in mammals. Ercc1-/∆ mice with reduced expression of ERCC1-XPF endonuclease have impaired capacity to repair the nuclear genome. Ercc1-/∆ mice accumulated spontaneous, oxidative DNA damage more rapidly than wild-type (WT) mice. As a consequence, senescent cells accumulated more rapidly in Ercc1-/∆ mice compared to repair-competent animals. However, the levels of DNA damage and senescent cells in Ercc1-/∆ mice never exceeded that observed in old WT mice. Surprisingly, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in tissues of Ercc1-/∆ mice to an extent identical to naturally-aged WT mice. Increased enzymatic production of ROS and decreased antioxidants contributed to the elevation in oxidative stress in both Ercc1-/∆ and aged WT mice. Chronic treatment of Ercc1-/∆ mice with the mitochondrial-targeted radical scavenger XJB-5-131 attenuated oxidative DNA damage, senescence and age-related pathology. Our findings indicate that nuclear genotoxic stress arises, at least in part, due to mitochondrial-derived ROS, and this spontaneous DNA damage is sufficient to drive increased levels of ROS, cellular senescence, and the consequent age-related physiological decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria R Robinson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Tania A Rozgaja
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xuesen Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jeremy S Tilstra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Chelsea H Feldman
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Siobhán Q Gregg
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Erin M Skoda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Marie-Céline Frantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Harris Bell-Temin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hannah Pope-Varsalona
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Luigi A Nasto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Heike Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jolanta Czerwinska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sara J McGowan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Jamie B Harris
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Salony Maniar
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark A Ross
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christy E Trussoni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nam V Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christin E Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- The Scripps Research Institute California, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan A Yates
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, Schools of the Health Sciences University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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19
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Microglia and alcohol meet at the crossroads: Microglia as critical modulators of alcohol neurotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Cosa A, Moreno A, Pacheco-Torres J, Ciccocioppo R, Hyytiä P, Sommer WH, Moratal D, Canals S. Multi-modal MRI classifiers identify excessive alcohol consumption and treatment effects in the brain. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1459-1472. [PMID: 27273582 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Robust neuroimaging markers of neuropsychiatric disorders have proven difficult to obtain. In alcohol use disorders, profound brain structural deficits can be found in severe alcoholic patients, but the heterogeneity of unimodal MRI measurements has so far precluded the identification of selective biomarkers, especially for early diagnosis. In the present work we used a combination of multiple MRI modalities to provide comprehensive and insightful descriptions of brain tissue microstructure. We performed a longitudinal experiment using Marchigian-Sardinian (msP) rats, an established model of chronic excessive alcohol consumption, and acquired multi-modal images before and after 1 month of alcohol consumption (6.8 ± 1.4 g/kg/day, mean ± SD), as well as after 1 week of abstinence with or without concomitant treatment with the antirelapse opioid antagonist naltrexone (2.5 mg/kg/day). We found remarkable sensitivity and selectivity to accurately classify brains affected by alcohol even after the relative short exposure period. One month drinking was enough to imprint a highly specific signature of alcohol consumption. Brain alterations were regionally specific and affected both gray and white matter and persisted into the early abstinence state without any detectable recovery. Interestingly, naltrexone treatment during early abstinence resulted in subtle brain changes that could be distinguished from non-treated abstinent brains, suggesting the existence of an intermediate state associated with brain recovery from alcohol exposure induced by medication. The presented framework is a promising tool for the development of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of alcohol use disorders, with capacity to further inform about its progression and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cosa
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández; Sant Joan d'Alacant Spain
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia Spain
| | - Andrea Moreno
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández; Sant Joan d'Alacant Spain
| | - Jesús Pacheco-Torres
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández; Sant Joan d'Alacant Spain
| | | | - Petri Hyytiä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Wolfgang H. Sommer
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
| | - David Moratal
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia Spain
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández; Sant Joan d'Alacant Spain
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McCarthy GM, Bridges CR, Blednov YA, Harris RA. CNS cell-type localization and LPS response of TLR signaling pathways. F1000Res 2017; 6:1144. [PMID: 29043065 PMCID: PMC5621151 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12036.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Innate immune signaling in the brain has emerged as a contributor to many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including mood disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and addiction. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a key component of the innate immune response, are particularly implicated in neuroimmune dysfunction. However, most of our understanding about TLR signaling comes from the peripheral immune response, and it is becoming clear that the CNS immune response is unique. One controversial aspect of neuroimmune signaling is which CNS cell types are involved. While microglia are the CNS cell-type derived from a myeloid lineage, studies suggest that other glial cell types and even neurons express TLRs, although this idea is controversial. Furthermore, recent work suggests a discrepancy between RNA and protein expression within the CNS. Methods: To elucidate the CNS cell-type localization of TLRs and their downstream signaling molecules, we isolated microglia and astrocytes from the brain of adult mice treated with saline or the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Glial mRNA and protein expression was compared to a cellular-admixture to determine cell-type enrichment. Results: Enrichment analysis revealed that most of the TLR pathway genes are localized in microglia and changed in microglia following immune challenge. However, expression of
Tlr3 was enriched in astrocytes, where it increased in response to LPS. Furthermore, attempts to determine protein cell-type localization revealed that many antibodies are non-specific and that antibody differences are contributing to conflicting localization results. Conclusions: Together these results highlight the cell types that should be looked at when studying TLR signaling gene expression and suggest that non-antibody approaches need to be used to accurately evaluate protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizelle M McCarthy
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Courtney R Bridges
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuri A Blednov
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - R Adron Harris
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Insitute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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22
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De Novo and Uninterrupted SILAC Labeling of Primary Microglia. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28508368 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6952-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Microglia have increasingly been recognized as playing a wide spectrum of roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system. Studies in the past have mostly associated individual microglial enzymes or soluble factors such as cytokines with specific functions of microglia. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomic analysis enables an unbiased, simultaneous, and global-scale analysis of the expression of thousands of proteins involved in key cellular pathways that regulate microglial activities. Primary microglia, characteristically, bear a much greater resemblance to microglia in vivo than immortalized microglial cell lines. In this chapter, we provide a detailed protocol for a de novo and uninterrupted primary culture SILAC labeling strategy (DUP-SILAC) for primary rat microglia that could be applied to the analysis of microglial involvement in various normal and disease processes.
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23
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Shrivastava P, Cabrera MA, Chastain LG, Boyadjieva NI, Jabbar S, Franklin T, Sarkar DK. Mu-opioid receptor and delta-opioid receptor differentially regulate microglial inflammatory response to control proopiomelanocortin neuronal apoptosis in the hypothalamus: effects of neonatal alcohol. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:83. [PMID: 28407740 PMCID: PMC5391607 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid receptors are known to control neurotransmission of various peptidergic neurons, but their potential role in regulation of microglia and neuronal cell communications is unknown. We investigated the role of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) and delta-opioid receptors (DOR) on microglia in the regulation of apoptosis in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons induced by neonatal ethanol in the hypothalamus. METHODS Neonatal rat pups were fed a milk formula containing ethanol or control diets between postnatal days 2-6. Some of the alcohol-fed rats additionally received pretreatment of a microglia activation blocker minocycline. Two hours after the last feeding, some of the pups were sacrificed and processed for histochemical detection of microglial cell functions or confocal microscopy for detection of cellular physical interaction or used for gene and protein expression analysis. The rest of the pups were dissected for microglia separation by differential gradient centrifugation and characterization by measuring production of various activation markers and cytokines. In addition, primary cultures of microglial cells were prepared using hypothalamic tissues of neonatal rats and used for determination of cytokine production/secretion and apoptotic activity of neurons. RESULTS In the hypothalamus, neonatal alcohol feeding elevated cytokine receptor levels, increased the number of microglial cells with amoeboid-type circularity, enhanced POMC and microglial cell physical interaction, and decreased POMC cell numbers. Minocycline reversed these cellular effects of alcohol. Alcohol feeding also increased levels of microglia MOR protein and pro-inflammatory signaling molecules in the hypothalamus, and MOR receptor antagonist naltrexone prevented these effects of alcohol. In primary cultures of hypothalamic microglia, both MOR agonist [D-Ala 2, N-MePhe 4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) and ethanol increased microglial cellular levels and secretion of pro-inflammatory cell signaling proteins. However, a DOR agonist [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin (DPDPE) increased microglial secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed ethanol's ability to increase microglial production of inflammatory signaling proteins and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, MOR-activated inflammation promoted while DOR-suppressed inflammation inhibited the apoptotic effect of ethanol on POMC neurons. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ethanol's neurotoxic action on POMC neurons results from MOR-activated neuroinflammatory signaling. Additionally, these results identify a protective effect of a DOR agonist against the pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic action of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shrivastava
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Miguel A Cabrera
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Lucy G Chastain
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Nadka I Boyadjieva
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Shaima Jabbar
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Tina Franklin
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Dipak K Sarkar
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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24
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Kathiriya JJ, Nakra N, Nixon J, Patel PS, Vaghasiya V, Alhassani A, Tian Z, Allen-Gipson D, Davé V. Galectin-1 inhibition attenuates profibrotic signaling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17010. [PMID: 28417017 PMCID: PMC5385413 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by lung remodeling arising from epithelial injury, aberrant fibroblast growth, and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Repeated epithelial injury elicits abnormal wound repair and lung remodeling, often associated with alveolar collapse and edema, leading to focal hypoxia. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia is a physiological insult that contributes to pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and define its molecular roles in profibrotic activation of lung epithelial cells. Hypoxia increased transcription of profibrotic genes and altered the proteomic signatures of lung epithelial cells. Network analysis of the hypoxic epithelial proteome revealed a crosstalk between transforming growth factor-β1 and FAK1 (focal adhesion kinase-1) signaling, which regulated transcription of galectin-1, a profibrotic molecule. Galectin-1 physically interacted with and activated FAK1 in lung epithelial cells. We developed a novel model of exacerbated PF wherein hypoxia, as a secondary insult, caused PF in mice injured with subclinical levels of bleomycin. Hypoxia elevated expression of phosphorylated FAK1, galectin-1, and α-smooth muscle actin and reduced caspase-3 activation, suggesting aberrant injury repair. Galectin-1 inhibition caused apoptosis in the lung parenchyma and reduced FAK1 activation, preventing the development of hypoxia-induced PF. Galectin-1 inhibition also attenuated fibrosis-associated lung function decline. Further, galectin-1 transcript levels were increased in the lungs of IPF patients. In summary, we have identified a profibrotic role of galectin-1 in hypoxia signaling driving PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin J Kathiriya
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Niyati Nakra
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jenna Nixon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Puja S Patel
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| | - Vijay Vaghasiya
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ahmed Alhassani
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Zhi Tian
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| | - Diane Allen-Gipson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Vrushank Davé
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Evolution, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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25
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Fontaine SN, Zheng D, Sabbagh JJ, Martin MD, Chaput D, Darling A, Trotter JH, Stothert AR, Nordhues BA, Lussier A, Baker J, Shelton L, Kahn M, Blair LJ, Stevens SM, Dickey CA. DnaJ/Hsc70 chaperone complexes control the extracellular release of neurodegenerative-associated proteins. EMBO J 2016; 35:1537-49. [PMID: 27261198 PMCID: PMC4946142 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now known that proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease can spread throughout the brain in a prionlike manner. However, the mechanisms regulating the trans-synaptic spread propagation, including the neuronal release of these proteins, remain unknown. The interaction of neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins with the molecular chaperone Hsc70 is well known, and we hypothesized that much like disaggregation, refolding, degradation, and even normal function, Hsc70 may dictate the extracellular fate of these proteins. Here, we show that several proteins, including TDP-43, α-synuclein, and the microtubule-associated protein tau, can be driven out of the cell by an Hsc70 co-chaperone, DnaJC5. In fact, DnaJC5 overexpression induced tau release in cells, neurons, and brain tissue, but only when activity of the chaperone Hsc70 was intact and when tau was able to associate with this chaperone. Moreover, release of tau from neurons was reduced in mice lacking the DnaJC5 gene and when the complement of DnaJs in the cell was altered. These results demonstrate that the dynamics of DnaJ/Hsc70 complexes are critically involved in the release of neurodegenerative disease proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Fontaine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dali Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan J Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mackenzie D Martin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell, Molecular and Life Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - April Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Justin H Trotter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew R Stothert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bryce A Nordhues
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - April Lussier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy Baker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lindsey Shelton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mahnoor Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell, Molecular and Life Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chad A Dickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
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26
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Ethanol downregulates N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-phospholipase D expression in BV2 microglial cells via epigenetic mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 786:224-233. [PMID: 27266665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ethanol drinking has deleterious effects on the brain. However, the effects of alcohol on microglia, the main mediator of the brain's innate immune response remain poorly understood. On the other hand, the endocannabinoid system plays a fundamental role in regulating microglial reactivity and function. Here we studied the effects of acute ethanol exposure to murine BV2 microglial cells on N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), a major synthesizing enzyme of anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines. We found that ethanol downregulated microglial NAPE-PLD expression by activating cAMP/PKA and ERK1/2. These signaling pathways converged on increased phosphorylation of CREB. Moreover, ethanol induced and increase in histone acetyltransferase activity which led to higher levels of acetylation of histone H3. Taken together, our results suggest that ethanol actions on microglial NAPE-PLD expression might involve epigenetic mechanisms.
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27
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Mhashilkar AS, Adapa SR, Jiang RHY, Williams SA, Zaky W, Slatko BE, Luck AN, Moorhead AR, Unnasch TR. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of the effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:333-41. [PMID: 26896576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A homologue of the ecdysone receptor has been identified and shown to be responsive to 20-hydroxyecdysone in Brugia malayi. However, the role of this master regulator of insect development has not been delineated in filarial nematodes. Gravid adult female B. malayi cultured in the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone produced significantly more microfilariae and abortive immature progeny than control worms, implicating the ecdysone receptor in regulation of embryogenesis and microfilarial development. Transcriptome analyses identified 30 genes whose expression was significantly up-regulated in 20-hydroxyecdysone-treated parasites compared with untreated controls. Of these, 18% were identified to be regulating transcription. A comparative proteomic analysis revealed 932 proteins to be present in greater amounts in extracts of 20-hydroxyecdysone-treated adult females than in extracts prepared from worms cultured in the absence of the hormone. Of the proteins exhibiting a greater than two-fold difference in the 20-hydroxyecdysone-treated versus untreated parasite extracts, 16% were involved in transcriptional regulation. RNA interference (RNAi) phenotype analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs revealed that phenotypes involved in developmental processes associated with embryogenesis were significantly over-represented in the transcripts and proteins that were up-regulated by exposure to 20-hydroxyecdysone. Taken together, the transcriptomic, proteomic and phenotypic data suggest that the filarial ecdysone receptor may play a role analogous to that in insects, where it serves as a regulator of egg development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta S Mhashilkar
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Swamy R Adapa
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Rays H Y Jiang
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Steven A Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Green Street, Ford Hall, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Weam Zaky
- Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Green Street, Ford Hall, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Barton E Slatko
- Genome Biology Division, Molecular Parasitology Group, New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Ashley N Luck
- Genome Biology Division, Molecular Parasitology Group, New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Andrew R Moorhead
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Thomas R Unnasch
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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28
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Kumar D, Yadav AK, Jia X, Mulvenna J, Dash D. Integrated Transcriptomic-Proteomic Analysis Using a Proteogenomic Workflow Refines Rat Genome Annotation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:329-39. [PMID: 26560066 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.047126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteogenomic re-annotation and mRNA splicing information can lead to the discovery of various protein forms for eukaryotic model organisms like rat. However, detection of novel proteoforms using mass spectrometry proteomics data remains a formidable challenge. We developed EuGenoSuite, an open source multiple algorithmic proteomic search tool and utilized it in our in-house integrated transcriptomic-proteomic pipeline to facilitate automated proteogenomic analysis. Using four proteogenomic pipelines (integrated transcriptomic-proteomic, Peppy, Enosi, and ProteoAnnotator) on publicly available RNA-sequence and MS proteomics data, we discovered 363 novel peptides in rat brain microglia representing novel proteoforms for 249 gene loci in the rat genome. These novel peptides aided in the discovery of novel exons, translation of annotated untranslated regions, pseudogenes, and splice variants for various loci; many of which have known disease associations, including neurological disorders like schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc. Novel isoforms were also discovered for genes implicated in cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer for which rats are considered model organisms. Our integrative multi-omics data analysis not only enables the discovery of new proteoforms but also generates an improved reference for human disease studies in the rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Kumar
- From the ‡G. N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, South Campus, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- From the ‡G. N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, South Campus, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Xinying Jia
- ¶Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- ¶Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Debasis Dash
- From the ‡G. N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, South Campus, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, India;
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29
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Bell-Temin H, Culver-Cochran AE, Chaput D, Carlson CM, Kuehl M, Burkhardt BR, Bickford PC, Liu B, Stevens SM. Novel Molecular Insights into Classical and Alternative Activation States of Microglia as Revealed by Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC)-based Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:3173-84. [PMID: 26424600 PMCID: PMC4762627 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.053926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, have been shown to display a complex spectrum of roles that span from neurotrophic to neurotoxic depending on their activation status. Microglia can be classified into four stages of activation, M1, which most closely matches the classical (pro-inflammatory) activation stage, and the alternative activation stages M2a, M2b, and M2c. The alternative activation stages have not yet been comprehensively analyzed through unbiased, global-scale protein expression profiling. In this study, BV2 mouse immortalized microglial cells were stimulated with agonists specific for each of the four stages and total protein expression for 4644 protein groups was quantified using SILAC-based proteomic analysis. After validating induction of the various stages through a targeted cytokine assay and Western blotting of activation states, the data revealed novel insights into the similarities and differences between the various states. The data identify several protein groups whose expression in the anti-inflammatory, pro-healing activation states are altered presumably to curtail inflammatory activation through differential protein expression, in the M2a state including CD74, LYN, SQST1, TLR2, and CD14. The differential expression of these proteins promotes healing, limits phagocytosis, and limits activation of reactive nitrogen species through toll-like receptor cascades. The M2c state appears to center around the down-regulation of a key member in the formation of actin-rich phagosomes, SLP-76. In addition, the proteomic data identified a novel activation marker, DAB2, which is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is significantly different between M2a and either M1 or M2b states. Western blot analysis of mouse primary microglia stimulated with the various agonists of the classical and alternative activation states revealed a similar trend of DAB2 expression compared with BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Bell-Temin
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Ashley E Culver-Cochran
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Dale Chaput
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Christina M Carlson
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Melanie Kuehl
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Brant R Burkhardt
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Paula C Bickford
- §James A. Haley VA Hospital, Research Service and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Bin Liu
- ¶Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620;
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30
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Chastain LG, Sarkar DK. Role of microglia in regulation of ethanol neurotoxic action. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 118:81-103. [PMID: 25175862 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801284-0.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to alcohol, during development or adulthood, may result in damage to the nervous system, which underlies neurological and cognitive disruptions observed in patients with alcohol-related disorders, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) and alcohol-use disorders (AUDs). Both clinical and preclinical evidence suggest microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system, play a key role in modulating alcohol-induced neurotoxicity. Particularly, microglia are implicated in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and in alcohol-induced increases in oxidative stress, which can lead to neuronal apoptosis. Recent studies also suggest a regenerative role for microglia in reestablishing homeostasis after alcohol exposure. These studies are summarized and reviewed in this chapter with emphasis on relevance to FASD and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy G Chastain
- Endocrinology Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dipak K Sarkar
- Endocrinology Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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31
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Seeley KW, Fertig AR, Dufresne CP, Pinho JPC, Stevens SM. Evaluation of a method for nitrotyrosine site identification and relative quantitation using a stable isotope-labeled nitrated spike-in standard and high resolution fourier transform MS and MS/MS analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6265-85. [PMID: 24736779 PMCID: PMC4013627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) can have deleterious effects in the cell, including structural and possible activity-altering modifications to proteins. Peroxynitrite is one such RNS that can result in a specific protein modification, nitration of tyrosine residues to form nitrotyrosine, and to date, the identification of nitrotyrosine sites in proteins continues to be a major analytical challenge. We have developed a method by which 15N-labeled nitrotyrosine groups are generated on peptide or protein standards using stable isotope-labeled peroxynitrite (O15NOO-), and the resulting standard is mixed with representative samples in which nitrotyrosine formation is to be measured by mass spectrometry (MS). Nitropeptide MS/MS spectra are filtered using high mass accuracy Fourier transform MS (FTMS) detection of the nitrotyrosine immonium ion. Given that the nitropeptide pair is co-isolated for MS/MS fragmentation, the nitrotyrosine immonium ions (at m/z=181 or 182) can be used for relative quantitation with negligible isotopic interference at a mass resolution of greater than 50,000 (FWHM, full width at half-maximum). Furthermore, the standard potentially allows for the increased signal of nitrotyrosine-containing peptides, thus facilitating selection for MS/MS in a data-dependent mode of acquisition. We have evaluated the methodology in terms of nitrotyrosine site identification and relative quantitation using nitrated peptide and protein standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Seeley
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Alison R Fertig
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Craig P Dufresne
- Training Institute, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1400 Northpoint Parkway, Ste 10., West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA.
| | - Joao P C Pinho
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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32
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Jha MK, Kim JH, Suk K. Proteome of brain glia: the molecular basis of diverse glial phenotypes. Proteomics 2013; 14:378-98. [PMID: 24124134 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several different types of nonneuronal glial cells with diverse phenotypes are present in the CNS, and all have distinct indispensible functions. Although glial cells primarily provide neurons with metabolic and structural support in the healthy brain, they may switch phenotype from a "resting" to a "reactive" state in response to pathological insults. Furthermore, this reactive gliosis is an invariant feature of the pathogeneses of CNS maladies. The glial proteome serves as a signature of glial phenotype, and not only executes physiological functions, but also acts as a molecular mediator of the reactive glial phenotype. The glial proteome is also involved in intra- and intercellular communications as exemplified by glia-glia and neuron-glia interactions. The utilization of authoritative proteomic tools and the bioinformatic analyses have helped to profile the brain glial proteome and explore the molecular mechanisms of diverse glial phenotypes. Furthermore, technologic innovations have equipped the field of "glioproteomics" with refined tools for studies of the expression, interaction, and function of glial proteins in the healthy and in the diseased CNS. Glioproteomics is expected to contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CNS pathophysiology and to the discovery of biomarkers and theragnostic targets in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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