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Noor M, Kaleem M, Akhtar MT, Feng G, Zhang J, Nazir U, Fan J, Yan X. Evaluation of different bermudagrass germplasm at physiological and molecular level under shade along longitudinal and latitudinal gradients. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:675. [PMID: 39009992 PMCID: PMC11247810 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Responses of turfgrass to shade vary in individual species, and the degree and quality of low light; therefore, the selection of low light tolerant cultivars of turfgrass is important and beneficial for turf management rather than other practices. The stolons of thirteen bermudagrass genotypes were planted with two treatments and three replications of each treatment to establish for one month in the Yangzhou University Jiangsu China greenhouse. The established plants were transferred outside of the greenhouse, and 50% shading was applied to them with a black net. After 30 days of stress treatment, the morpho-physiological and biochemical analyses were performed. The expression of genes such as HEMA, HY5, PIF4, and Cu/ZnSOD was assessed. Cynodon dactylon is a C4, and perennial that grows as lawn grass and is used as forage. Based on different indicator measurements, the most shade-tolerant germplasm was L01 and L06 along the longitudes and L09 and L10 along the latitudes. At the same time, L02 and L08 were more susceptible, respectively. However, germplasm showed greater tolerance in higher latitudes while longitudinal plants showed less stress response. The current study aimed (1) to screen out the most shade-tolerant Cynodon dactylon genotype among 13 along longitudinal and latitudinal gradients in China. (2) to examine morpho-physiological indicators of different bermudagrassgenotypes; (3) to evaluate if and how differences in various indicators of bermudagrass correlated with geographic region. This study will significantly advance the use of Cynodon germplasm in breeding, genomics, management, nomenclature, and phylogeographical study. It will decisively define whether natural selection and migration can drive evolutionary responses for populations to adapt to their new environments effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Noor
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tanveer Akhtar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guilan Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Usman Nazir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jibiao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Guo L, Zhao J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang A, Sun J, Fan X, Yan X, Pang Q. Bacillus licheniformis Jrh14-10 enhances alkaline tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by regulating crosstalk between ethylene and polyamine pathways. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14411. [PMID: 38973028 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known for their role in ameliorating plant stress, including alkaline stress, yet the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study investigates the impact of various inoculum doses of Bacillus licheniformis Jrh14-10 on Arabidopsis growth under alkaline stress and explores the underlying mechanisms of tolerance enhancement. We found that all tested doses improved the growth of NaHCO3-treated seedlings, with 109 cfu/mL being the most effective. Transcriptome analysis indicated downregulation of ethylene-related genes and an upregulation of polyamine biosynthesis genes following Jrh14-10 treatment under alkaline conditions. Further qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the suppression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes, alongside the activation of polyamine biosynthesis genes in NaHCO3-stressed seedlings treated with Jrh14-10. Genetic analysis showed that ethylene signaling-deficient mutants (etr1-3 and ein3-1) exhibited greater tolerance to NaHCO3 than the wild type, and the growth-promoting effect of Jrh14-10 was significantly diminished in these mutants. Additionally, Jrh14-10 was found unable to produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, indicating it does not reduce the ethylene precursor ACC in Arabidopsis. However, Jrh14-10 treatment increased the levels of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in stressed seedlings, with spermidine particularly effective in reducing H2O2 levels and enhancing Fv/Fm under NaHCO3 stress. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of PGPR-induced alkaline tolerance, highlighting the crosstalk between ethylene and polyamine pathways, and suggest a strategic redirection of S-adenosylmethionine towards polyamine biosynthesis to combat alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wang Z, Lian J, Liang J, Wei H, Chen H, Hu W, Tang M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis modulates nitrogen uptake and assimilation to enhance drought tolerance of Populus cathayana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108648. [PMID: 38653094 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation in Populus cathayana under drought stress (DS). Herein, we measured photosynthetic performance, antioxidant enzyme system, N level and N assimilation enzymes, proteins content and distribution, transcripts of genes associated with N uptake or transport in P. cathayana with AMF (AM) or without AMF (NM) under soil water limitation and adequate irrigation. Compared with NM-DS P. cathayana, the growth, gas exchange properties, antioxidant enzyme activities, total N content and the proportion of water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins in AM-DS P. cathayana were increased. Meanwhile, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, NO3- and NO2- concentrations in AM-DS P. cathayana were reduced, while NH4+ concentration, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) activities were elevated, indicating that AM symbiosis reduces NO3- assimilation while promoting NH4+ assimilation. Furthermore, the transcriptional levels of NH4+ transporter genes (PcAMT1-4 and PcAMT2-1) and NO3- transporter genes (PcNRT2-1 and PcNRT3-1) in AM-DS P. cathayana roots were significantly down-regulated, as well as NH4+ transporter genes (PcAMT1-6 and PcAMT4-3) in leaves. In AM P. cathayana roots, DS significantly up-regulated the transcriptional levels of RiCPSI and RiURE, the key N transport regulatory genes in AMF compared with adequate irrigation. These results indicated that AM N transport pathway play an essential role on N uptake and utilization in AM P. cathayana to cope with DS. Therefore, this research offers a novel perspective on how AM symbiosis enhances plant resilience to drought at aspect of N acquisition and assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaqian Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongjian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Noor M, Fan J, Kaleem M, Akhtar MT, Jin S, Nazir U, Zhang CJ, Yan X. Assessment of the changes in growth, photosynthetic traits and gene expression in Cynodon dactylon against drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:235. [PMID: 38561649 PMCID: PMC10986068 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress considered a key restrictive factor for a warm-season bermudagrass growth during summers in China. Genotypic variation against drought stress exists among bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.), but the selection of highly drought-tolerant germplasm is important for its growth in limited water regions and for future breeding. Our study aimed to investigate the most tolerant bermudagrass germplasm among thirteen, along latitude and longitudinal gradient under a well-watered and drought stress condition. Current study included high drought-resistant germplasm, "Tianshui" and "Linxiang", and drought-sensitive cultivars; "Zhengzhou" and "Cixian" under drought treatments along longitude and latitudinal gradients, respectively. Under water deficit conditions, the tolerant genotypes showed over-expression of a dehydrin gene cdDHN4, antioxidant genes Cu/ZnSOD and APX which leads to higher antioxidant activities to scavenge the excessive reactive oxygen species and minimizing the membrane damage. It helps in maintenance of cell membrane permeability and osmotic adjustment by producing organic osmolytes. Proline an osmolyte has the ability to keep osmotic water potential and water use efficiency high via stomatal conductance and maintain transpiration rate. It leads to optimum CO2 assimilation rate, high chlorophyll contents for photosynthesis and elongation of leaf mesophyll, palisade and thick spongy cells. Consequently, it results in elongation of leaf length, stolon and internode length; plant height and deep rooting system. The CdDHN4 gene highly expressed in "Tianshui" and "Youxian", Cu/ZnSOD gene in "Tianshui" and "Linxiang" and APX gene in "Shanxian" and "Linxiang". The genotypes "Zhongshan" and "Xiaochang" showed no gene expression under water deficit conditions. Our results indicate that turfgrass show morphological modifications firstly when subjected to drought stress; however the gene expression is directly associated and crucial for drought tolerance in bermudagrass. Hence, current research has provided excellent germplasm of drought tolerant bermudagrass for physiological and molecular study and future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Noor
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jibiao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tanveer Akhtar
- College of Horticulture and landscape architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shixuan Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Usman Nazir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chuan-Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Shehzad MA, Hussain I, Akhtar G, Ahmad KS, Nawaz F, Faried HN, Mehmood A. Insights into physiological and metabolic modulations instigated by exogenous sodium nitroprusside and spermidine reveals drought tolerance in Helianthus annuus L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107935. [PMID: 37579683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most critical climatic factor instigating severe threats to crop production worldwide. As stress ameliorants, exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or spermidine (Spd) supply has positive responses in alleviating the drought adversities in crops, however, reports regarding their combined effects is still elusive. Here, the protective role of SNP and Spd to confer drought resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) through up-regulation of physiological and metabolic processes was investigated. Plants were foliar sprayed with individual or combined SNP (100 μM) or Spd (100 μM). Drought was induced by keeping the soil at 100% (normal) and 60% (drought stress) field capacity levels. Drought exposure caused a marked decline in relative water content (RWC), excised leaf water retention (ELWR), net photosynthesis (PN), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and sub-stomatal conductance (Ci) with substantial increase in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POX). SNP plus Spd exhibited a considerable increase in CAT, SOD, and POX activities under drought, and helped the plants to retain optimum water status and gas exchange attributes. Similarly, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were increased significantly to drought; however, a notable decline was recorded in drought prone plants treated with exogenous SNP plus Spd. Moreover, addition of SNP plus Spd under drought caused a remarkable increase in chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), chlorophyll total (Chl t), carotenoids (Car), and growth traits like shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW). Combined SNP and Spd application could potentially alleviate the drought-induced damages in sunflower through increased water status (8-10%), antioxidant enzymes (17-28%), chlorophyll pigments (14-21%), and growth performance (12-22%) under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Shehzad
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan.
| | - Israr Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot (UPR), 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | - Fahim Nawaz
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hafiz Nazar Faried
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot (UPR), 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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Liu XD, Zeng YY, Zhang XY, Tian XQ, Hasan MM, Yao GQ, Fang XW. Polyamines inhibit abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure by scavenging hydrogen peroxide. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13903. [PMID: 37002824 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal closure is regulated by plant hormones and some small molecules to reduce water loss under stress conditions. Both abscisic acid (ABA) and polyamines alone induce stomatal closure; however, whether the physiological functions of ABA and polyamines are synergistic or antagonistic with respect to inducing stomatal closure is still unknown. Here, stomatal movement in response to ABA and/or polyamines was tested in Vicia faba and Arabidopsis thaliana, and the change in the signaling components under stomatal closure was analyzed. We found that both polyamines and ABA could induce stomatal closure through similar signaling components, including the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and nitric oxide (NO) and the accumulation of Ca2+ . However, polyamines partially inhibited ABA-induced stomatal closure both in epidermal peels and in planta by activating antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), to eliminate the ABA-induced increase in H2 O2 . These results strongly indicate that polyamines inhibit abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure, suggesting that polyamines could be used as potential plant growth regulators to increase photosynthesis under mild drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue-Qian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Md Mahadi Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The novel and revolutionary approach to plant protection presented in this work, based on the preparation of bifunctional salts of a plant resistance inducer combined with a polyamine cation, may become a potential solution in the future for reducing the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses to which the plant is exposed. This study presents the synthesis, physical properties, phytotoxicity, and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induction efficacy of new salts composed of the anion of plant resistance inducers and N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexamethylpropane-1,3-diammonium cation (5 salts), N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexamethyl-butane-1,4-diammonium cation (5 salts), spermidine salicylate, and spermine salicylate. SAR induction efficiency tests were performed on tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi, infected with the tobacco mosaic virus.
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Zhang B, Chen Z, Sun Q, Liu J. Proteome-wide analyses reveal diverse functions of protein acetylation and succinylation modifications in fast growing stolons of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:503. [PMID: 36289454 PMCID: PMC9608919 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important warm-season turfgrass species with well-developed stolons, which lay the foundation for the fast propagation of bermudagrass plants through asexual clonal growth. However, the growth and development of bermudagrass stolons are still poorly understood at the molecular level. RESULTS In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the acetylation and succinylation modifications of proteins in fast-growing stolons of the bermudagrass cultivar Yangjiang. A total of 4657 lysine acetylation sites on 1914 proteins and 226 lysine succinylation sites on 128 proteins were successfully identified using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Furthermore, 78 proteins and 81 lysine sites were found to be both acetylated and succinylated. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that acetylated proteins regulate diverse reactions of carbohydrate metabolism and protein turnover, whereas succinylated proteins mainly regulate the citrate cycle. These results partly explained the different growth disturbances of bermudagrass stolons under treatment with sodium butyrate and sodium malonate, which interfere with protein acetylation and succinylation, respectively. Moreover, 140 acetylated proteins and 42 succinylated proteins were further characterized having similarly modified orthologs in other grass species. Site-specific mutations combined with enzymatic activity assays indicated that the conserved acetylation of catalase and succinylation of malate dehydrogenase both inhibited their activities, further implying important regulatory roles of the two modifications. CONCLUSION In summary, our study implied that lysine acetylation and succinylation of proteins possibly play important regulatory roles in the fast growth of bermudagrass stolons. The results not only provide new insights into clonal growth of bermudagrass but also offer a rich resource for functional analyses of protein lysine acetylation and succinylation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhuoting Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qixue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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Shao J, Huang K, Batool M, Idrees F, Afzal R, Haroon M, Noushahi HA, Wu W, Hu Q, Lu X, Huang G, Aamer M, Hassan MU, El Sabagh A. Versatile roles of polyamines in improving abiotic stress tolerance of plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003155. [PMID: 36311109 PMCID: PMC9606767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extreme environmental cues such as abiotic stresses, including frequent droughts with irregular precipitation, salinity, metal contamination, and temperature fluctuations, have been escalating the damage to plants' optimal productivity worldwide. Therefore, yield maintenance under extreme events needs improvement in multiple mechanisms that can minimize the influence of abiotic stresses. Polyamines (PAs) are pivotally necessary for a defensive purpose under adverse abiotic conditions, but their molecular interplay in this remains speculative. The PAs' accretion is one of the most notable metabolic responses of plants under stress challenges. Recent studies reported the beneficial roles of PAs in plant development, including metabolic and physiological processes, unveiling their potential for inducing tolerance against adverse conditions. This review presents an overview of research about the most illustrious and remarkable achievements in strengthening plant tolerance to drought, salt, and temperature stresses by the exogenous application of PAs. The knowledge of underlying processes associated with stress tolerance and PA signaling pathways was also summarized, focusing on up-to-date evidence regarding the metabolic and physiological role of PAs with exogenous applications that protect plants under unfavorable climatic conditions. Conclusively, the literature proposes that PAs impart an imperative role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This implies potentially important feedback on PAs and plants' stress tolerance under unfavorable cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Shao
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Huang
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fahad Idrees
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rabail Afzal
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Weixiong Wu
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Qiliang Hu
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingda Lu
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqin Huang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
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Li Z, Cheng B, Wu X, Zhang Y, Feng G, Peng Y. Spermine-mediated metabolic homeostasis improves growth and stress tolerance in creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera) under water or high-temperature stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:944358. [PMID: 36035666 PMCID: PMC9404338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.944358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed diverse defense strategies to reduce the detrimental effects of a wide range of environmental stresses. The objectives of this study were to explore the function of spermine (Spm) on mediating growth and physiological changes in water homeostasis, photosynthetic performance, and oxidative damage and to further examine the regulatory mechanism of Spm on global metabolites reprogramming and associated metabolic pathways in horticultural creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) under water and heat stresses. The 21-days-old plants were pretreated with or without 100 μM Spm for 3 days and then subjected to water stress (17% polyethylene glycol 6000), high-temperature stress (40/35°C, day/night), or normal condition (control without water stress and heat stress) for 18 days. Results demonstrated that exogenous application of Spm could significantly increase endogenous polyamine (PAs), putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and Spm contents, followed by effective alleviation of growth retardant, water imbalance, photoinhibition, and oxidative damage induced by water and heat stress. Metabolites' profiling showed that a total of 61 metabolites were differentially or commonly regulated by Spm in leaves. Spm upregulated the accumulation of mannose, maltose, galactose, and urea in relation to enhanced osmotic adjustment (OA), antioxidant capacity, and nitrogen metabolism for growth maintenance under water and heat stress. Under water stress, Spm mainly induced the accumulation of sugars (glucose-1-phosphate, sucrose-6-phosphate, fructose, kestose, maltotriose, and xylose), amino acids (glutamic acid, methionine, serine, and threonine), and organic acids (pyruvic acid, aconitic acid, and ketoglutaric acid) involved in the respiratory pathway and myo-inositol associated with energy production, the ROS-scavenging system, and signal transduction. In response to heat stress, the accumulation of alanine, glycine, gallic acid, malic acid, or nicotinic acid was specifically enhanced by Spm contributing to improvements in antioxidant potency and metabolic homeostasis. This study provides novel evidence of Spm-induced,tolerance to water and heat stresses associated with global metabolites reprogramming in favor of growth maintenance and physiological responses in horticultural plants.
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Wang W, Shao A, Xu X, Fan S, Fu J. Comparative genomics reveals the molecular mechanism of salt adaptation for zoysiagrasses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:355. [PMID: 35864464 PMCID: PMC9306052 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is a warm-season turfgrass. It is widely used as turfgrasses throughout the world, offers good turf qualities, including salt tolerance, resistance to drought and heat. However, the underlying genetic mechanism of zoysiagrass responsive to salt stress remains largely unexplored. RESULTS In present study, we performed a whole-genome comparative analysis for ten plant genomes. Evolutionary analysis revealed that Chloridoideae diverged from Panicoideae approximately 33.7 million years ago (Mya), and the phylogenetic relationship among three zoysiagrasses species suggested that Zoysia matrella may represent an interspecific hybrid between Zoysia japonica and Zoysia pacifica. Genomic synteny indicated that Zoysia underwent a genus-specific whole-genome duplication (WGD) event approximately 20.8 Mya. The expression bais of homologous genes between the two subgenomes suggested that the B subgenome of Z. japonica contributes to salt tolerance. In additon, comparative genomic analyses revealed that the salt adaptation of Zoysia is likely attributable to the expanded cytochrome P450 and ABA biosynthetic gene families. Furthermore, we further found that many duplicated genes from the extra WGD event exhibited distinct functional divergence in response to salt stress using transcriptomic analysis, suggesting that this WGD event contributed to strong resistance to salt stress. CONCLUSIONS Here, our results revealed that expanded cytochrome P450 and ABA biosynthetic gene families, and many of those duplicated genes from recent zoysia-specific WGD event contributed to salt adaptation of zoysiagrass, which provided insight into the genetic underpinning of salt adaptation and valuable information for further studies on salt stress-related traits in Zoysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - An Shao
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shugao Fan
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Guan J, Yin S, Yue Y, Liu L, Guo Y, Zhang H, Fan X, Teng K. Single-molecule long-read sequencing analysis improves genome annotation and sheds new light on the transcripts and splice isoforms of Zoysia japonica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:263. [PMID: 35614434 PMCID: PMC9134579 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoysia japonica is an important warm-season turfgrass used worldwide. Although the draft genome sequence and a vast amount of next-generation sequencing data have been published, the current genome annotation and complete mRNA structure remain incomplete. Therefore, to analyze the full-length transcriptome of Z. japonica, we used the PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing method in this study. RESULTS First, we generated 37,056 high-confidence non-redundant transcripts from 16,005 gene loci. Next, 32,948 novel transcripts, 913 novel gene loci, 8035 transcription factors, 89 long non-coding RNAs, and 254 fusion transcripts were identified. Furthermore, 15,675 alternative splicing events and 5325 alternative polyadenylation sites were detected. In addition, using bioinformatics analysis, the underlying transcriptional mechanism of senescence was explored based on the revised reference transcriptome. CONCLUSION This study provides a full-length reference transcriptome of Z. japonica using PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing for the first time. These results contribute to our knowledge of the transcriptome and improve the knowledge of the reference genome of Z. japonica. This will also facilitate genetic engineering projects using Z. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guan
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Shuxia Yin
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yuesen Yue
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Yidi Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Xifeng Fan
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Ke Teng
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
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Chen D, Mubeen B, Hasnain A, Rizwan M, Adrees M, Naqvi SAH, Iqbal S, Kamran M, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Mahmoud EA, Alaklabi A, Sathish M, Din GMU. Role of Promising Secondary Metabolites to Confer Resistance Against Environmental Stresses in Crop Plants: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881032. [PMID: 35615133 PMCID: PMC9126561 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants often face incompatible growing environments like drought, salinity, cold, frost, and elevated temperatures that affect plant growth and development leading to low yield and, in worse circumstances, plant death. The arsenal of versatile compounds for plant consumption and structure is called metabolites, which allows them to develop strategies to stop enemies, fight pathogens, replace their competitors and go beyond environmental restraints. These elements are formed under particular abiotic stresses like flooding, heat, drought, cold, etc., and biotic stress such as a pathogenic attack, thus associated with survival strategy of plants. Stress responses of plants are vigorous and include multifaceted crosstalk between different levels of regulation, including regulation of metabolism and expression of genes for morphological and physiological adaptation. To date, many of these compounds and their biosynthetic pathways have been found in the plant kingdom. Metabolites like amino acids, phenolics, hormones, polyamines, compatible solutes, antioxidants, pathogen related proteins (PR proteins), etc. are crucial for growth, stress tolerance, and plant defense. This review focuses on promising metabolites involved in stress tolerance under severe conditions and events signaling the mediation of stress-induced metabolic changes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delai Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, Qingyang, China
| | - Bismillah Mubeen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Shehzad Iqbal
- Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manda Sathish
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ghulam Muhae Ud Din
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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Shah AA, Riaz L, Siddiqui MH, Nazar R, Ahmed S, Yasin NA, Ali A, Mukherjee S, Hussaan M, Javad S, Chaudhry O. Spermine-mediated polyamine metabolism enhances arsenic-stress tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris by expression of zinc-finger proteins related genes and modulation of mineral nutrient homeostasis and antioxidative system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118941. [PMID: 35121016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of groundwater and agricultural land by metalloids especially arsenic (As) is one of the most serious threats to people and plants worldwide. Therefore, the present study was design to explore the role of spermine (Spm)- mediated polyamine metabolism in the alleviation of arsenic (As) toxicity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). It was noted that As stress caused reduction in the intracellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate as compared to the control treatment and also impairedplant growth attributes and mineral nutrient homeostasis (sulfur, phosphorus, potassium and calcium). However, the exogenous application of Spm resulted in a considerable enhance in the content of glutathione and nitric oxide, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione-reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) in P. vulgaris seedlings grown As-contaminated soil. In addition, Spm application significantly improved the endogenous production of putrescine and spermidine accompanied along with reduction in malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide level besides enhanced methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification. Moreover, Spm treatment elevated the expression level of zinc-finger proteins related genes (PvC3H24, PvC3H25, PvC3H26 and PvC3H27) involved in abiotic stress response. The study concluded that Spm acted as an enhancing agent and improved tolerance to As-toxicity by upregulating the expression of zinc-finger proteins related genes, polyamine metabolism, Mg detoxification and antioxidant system in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Luqman Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Narowal, 51750, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Nazar
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Garden, RO-II Office, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Muhammad Hussaan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Javad
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ozair Chaudhry
- Biology and Environmental Science, Albert Campbell Collegiate Institute (NS), Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Hai X, Mi J, Zhao B, Zhang B, Zhao Z, Liu J. Foliar Application of Spermidine Reduced the Negative Effects of Salt Stress on Oat Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:846280. [PMID: 35519821 PMCID: PMC9062738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.846280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of foliar application of spermidine (Spd) on the physiological aspects of salt-stressed oat seedlings were studied under greenhouse conditions. At the seedling stage, the salt-sensitive variety, namely, Caoyou 1 and the salt-tolerant variety, namely, Baiyan 2 were treated with 70 and 100 mM of salt, followed by the foliar application of 0.75 mM Spd or distilled water. Results showed that Spd application increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and reduced the rate of O2 ⋅- production and the accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, it increased the level of zeatin riboside (ZR) and the content of endogenous polyamines. The application of Spd increased the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline and helped maintain the osmotic balance of oat leaves. At the same time, foliar Spd treatment helped in maintaining the ion nutrition balance. Specifically, it reduced the content of Na+ and thereby stabilized the ratio of Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, and Na+/Mg2+. The effects of Spd application were more obvious for the salt-sensitive cultivar Caoyou 1 and under the lighter 70 mM salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hai
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junzhen Mi
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Baoping Zhao
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Biru Zhang
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhou Zhao
- College of Life Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Yang B, Li Q, Cheng K, Fang J, Mustafa G, Pan J, Xing B, Lv Q, Zhang L, Cheng K. Proteomics and metabolomics reveal the mechanism underlying differential antioxidant activity among the organs of two base plants of Shiliang tea (Chimonanthus salicifolius and Chimonanthus zhejiangensis). Food Chem 2022; 385:132698. [PMID: 35303649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The leaves and branches of Chimonanthus salicifolius and Chimonanthus zhejiangensis are the base ingredients of Shiliang tea. In this study, proteomics and metabolomics were performed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying antioxidant activity (AA) in the leaves and branches of the two species. Stress and redox related proteins are differentially expressed among organs. The abundance of isoprenoid pathway-related proteins is higher in leaves while the abundance of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway-related proteins is higher in branches in both species. Metabolomics revealed the flavonoid composition and demonstrated that procyanidins are more abundant in branches. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and AA are stronger in branches than leaves. Overall, branches might contribute to redox homeostasis through SOD/GSH-PX and flavonoids. Furthermore, the high level of AA of branches might be largely due to their increased accumulation of procyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Kaisen Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Junjie Pan
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Bingcong Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qundan Lv
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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17
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Polyamines Metabolism Interacts with γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Proline and Nitrogen Metabolisms to Affect Drought Tolerance of Creeping Bentgrass. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052779. [PMID: 35269921 PMCID: PMC8911106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to increased global warming and climate change, drought has become a serious threat to horticultural crop cultivation and management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spermine (Spm) pretreatment on metabolic alterations of polyamine (PAs), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proline (Pro), and nitrogen associated with drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). The results showed that drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass could be significantly improved by the Spm pretreatment, as demonstrated by the maintenance of less chlorophyll loss and higher photosynthesis, gas exchange, water use efficiency, and cell membrane stability. The Spm pretreatment further increased drought-induced accumulation of endogenous PAs, putrescine, spermidine, and Spm, and also enhanced PAs metabolism through improving arginine decarboxylases, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and polyamine oxidase activities during drought stress. In addition, the Spm application not only significantly improved endogenous GABA content, glutamate content, activities of glutamate decarboxylase and α-ketoglutarase, but also alleviated decline in nitrite nitrogen content, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthetase, and GABA aminotransferase activities under drought stress. The Spm-pretreated creeping bentgrass exhibited significantly lower ammonia nitrogen content and nitrite reductase activity as well as higher glutamate dehydrogenase activity than non-pretreated plants in response to drought stress. These results indicated beneficial roles of the Spm on regulating GABA and nitrogen metabolism contributing towards better maintenance of Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in creeping bentgrass. Interestingly, the Spm-enhanced Pro metabolism rather than more Pro accumulation could be the key regulatory mechanism for drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass. Current findings provide a comprehensive understanding of PAs interaction with other metabolic pathways to regulate drought tolerance in grass species.
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Assaeed AM, Alharthi AS, Abd-ElGawad AM. Impacts of Nicotiana glauca Graham Invasion on the Vegetation Composition and Soil: A Case Study of Taif, Western Saudi Arabia. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122587. [PMID: 34961058 PMCID: PMC8708854 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species are considered a serious problem in different ecosystems worldwide. They can compete and interfere with native plants, leading to a shift in community assembly and ecosystem function. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Nicotiana glauca Graham invasion on native vegetation composition and soil of the most invaded locations in the Taif region, Western Saudi Arabia, including Alwaht (WHT), Ar-Ruddaf (RDF), and Ash-shafa (SHFA). Plant species list, life span, life form, and chorotypes were assessed. Six locations highly infested with N. glauca shrubs were selected, and the morphological parameters of the shrubs were measured. Within each location, richness, evenness, relative density of species, and soil were measured either under the canopy of N. glauca shrubs or outside the canopy. Floristic analysis revealed the existence of 144 plant species, mainly perennial. The shrubs at the SHFA1 location showed the highest values of all measured morphological parameters. The WHT 1 location showed high richness and evenness, while the WHAT 2 location showed less richness and evenness. The invaded locations showed substantial variation in the community composition. Additionally, the effect of N. glauca on the understory species varied from competition to facilitation, where most of the understory species were inhibited. As an average of all locations, 65.86% of the plant species were recorded only outside the canopy of N. glauca. The vegetation analysis revealed that the SHFA location is more vulnerable to invasion that could be ascribed to its wide range of habitats and high disturbance. The soil–vegetation relationships showed significant variations among the studied locations regarding soil composition, and thereby showed a wide ecological range of the invasive shrubs N. glauca. Therefore, the invasion of N. glauca in the Taif region altered the species interactions, nutrients, and soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M. Assaeed
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah S. Alharthi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); or (A.M.A.-E.); Tel.: +966-533322287 (A.S.A.); Tel.: +966-562680864 (A.M.A.-E.)
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); or (A.M.A.-E.); Tel.: +966-533322287 (A.S.A.); Tel.: +966-562680864 (A.M.A.-E.)
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Islam MJ, Ryu BR, Azad MOK, Rahman MH, Rana MS, Lim JD, Lim YS. Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng ( Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1313. [PMID: 34203403 PMCID: PMC8309092 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jahirul Islam
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
- Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi 6620, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Byeong Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Soyel Rana
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Jung-Dae Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Young-Seok Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
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Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020261. [PMID: 33525668 PMCID: PMC7912026 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants' ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm's role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.
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21
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Ye T, Wang Y, Feng YQ, Chan Z. Physiological and metabolomic responses of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) to alkali stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:22-33. [PMID: 32909624 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a widely used warm-season turfgrass species with superior stress tolerance except for cold. In this study, a comparative analysis of the responses to alkali stress in bermudagrass at the physiological and metabolomic levels were performed. Mild alkali with relatively low pH slightly inhibited growth of bermudagrass as evidenced by lower electrolyte leakage, more rapid growth and higher survival rate when compared to moderate and severe alkali treatments. Moreover, the amount of 37 metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars and sugar alcohols were modulated by the alkali treatments. Among them, 15 metabolites were involved in carbon and amino acid metabolic pathways. Under mild alkali stress, bermudagrass possibly slowed down metabolisms to maintain basic growth. However, moderate and severe alkali-stressed plants accumulated significantly higher amount of carbohydrates which might result in carbon starvation. Taken together, alkali stress had severely inhibitory effect partially due to combined ionic stress and high pH stress. These results suggested that bermudagrass employed different strategies in response to alkali stresses with different pH and ionic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei, 432000, China
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22
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Qian J, Si W, Tan Q, Xu J, Zhao Y. Melatonin enhances the cadmium tolerance of mushrooms through antioxidant-related metabolites and enzymes. Food Chem 2020; 330:127263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Alcázar R, Bueno M, Tiburcio AF. Polyamines: Small Amines with Large Effects on Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Cells 2020; 9:E2373. [PMID: 33138071 PMCID: PMC7692116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, climate change has altered many ecosystems due to a combination of frequent droughts, irregular precipitation, increasingly salinized areas and high temperatures. These environmental changes have also caused a decline in crop yield worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fully understand the plant responses to abiotic stress and to apply the acquired knowledge to improve stress tolerance in crop plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to many abiotic stresses is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. In this review, we provide an update about the most significant achievements improving plant tolerance to drought, salinity, low and high temperature stresses by exogenous application of PAs or genetic manipulation of endogenous PA levels. We also provide some clues about possible mechanisms underlying PA functions, as well as known cross-talks with other stress signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss about the possible use of PAs for seed priming to induce abiotic stress tolerance in agricultural valuable crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Polyamine’s Laboratory, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Milagros Bueno
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Polyamine’s Laboratory, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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24
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Oliveira TDR, Aragão VPM, Moharana KC, Fedosejevs E, do Amaral FP, Sousa KR, Thelen JJ, Venâncio TM, Silveira V, Santa-Catarina C. Light spectra affect the in vitro shoot development of Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae) by changing the protein profile and polyamine contents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140529. [PMID: 32853775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The light spectrum quality is an important signal for plant growth and development. We evaluated the effects of different light spectra on the in vitro shoot development of Cedrela fissilis and its proteomic and polyamine (PA) profiles. Cotyledonary and apical nodal segments were grown under different light emitting diodes (LED) and fluorescent lamps. Shoots from cotyledonary nodal segments cultured with 6-benzyladenine (BA) that were grown under WmBdR LED showed increased length and higher fresh and dry matter compared to shoots grown under fluorescent lamps. A nonredundant protein databank generated by transcriptome sequencing and the de novo assembly of C. fissilis improved, and almost doubled, the protein identification compared to a Citrus sinensis databank. A total of 616 proteins were identified, with 23 up- and 103 down-accumulated in the shoots under WmBdR LEDs compared to fluorescent lamps. Most differentially accumulated proteins in shoots grown under the WmBdR LED lamp treatment compared to the fluorescent lamp treatment are involved in responding to metabolic processes, stress, biosynthetic and cellular protein modifications, and light stimulus processes. Among the proteins, the up-accumulation of argininosuccinate synthase was associated with an increase in the free putrescine content and, consequently, with higher shoot elongation under WmBdR LED. The down-accumulation of calreticulin, heat shock proteins, plastid-lipid-associated protein, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and ultraviolet-B receptor UVR8 isoform X1 could be related to the longer shoot length noted under LED treatment. This study provides important data related to the effects of the light spectrum quality on in vitro morphogenesis through the modulation of specific proteins and free putrescine biosynthesis in C. fissilis, an endangered wood species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest of economic and ecological relevance. The nonredundant protein databank of C. fissilis is available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD018020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeu Dos Reis Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor Paulo Mesquita Aragão
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kanhu Charan Moharana
- UENF, CBB, Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eric Fedosejevs
- University of Missouri, Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Fernanda Plucani do Amaral
- University of Missouri, Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kariane Rodrigues Sousa
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jay J Thelen
- University of Missouri, Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thiago Motta Venâncio
- UENF, CBB, Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- UENF, CBB, Laboratório de Biotecnologia (LBT), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; UENF, Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudete Santa-Catarina
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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25
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The alleviating effect of exogenous polyamines on heat stress susceptibility of different heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7467. [PMID: 32366860 PMCID: PMC7198572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature inhibits wheat grain filling. Polyamines (PAs) are closely associated with plant resistance caused by abiotic stress. However, little is known about the effect of PAs on the grain filling of wheat under heat stress. Two wheat varieties differing in heat resistance were used, and endogenous PAs levels were measured during grain filling under normal growth conditions outside the greenhouse (CK), artificially simulated high temperature (HT), artificially simulated high temperature plus exogenous application of spermine (HT + Spm) and artificially simulated high temperature plus spermidine (HT + Spd) treatments. Additionally, the variation of antioxidant enzymatic activities and osmotic adjustable substances content in grains was measured during grain filling. The results showed that compared with HT,HT + Spm and HT + Spd significantly increased grain weight of XC 6 (heat-resistant variety) by 19% and 5%, and XC 31 (heat-sensitive variety) by 31% and 34%, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)and catalase (CAT) and content of Spm, Spd, and proline (Pro) increased significantly, while putrescine (Put), malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugar (SS)contentdecreased during grain filling; The correlation analysis showed that grain weight was negatively correlated with the content of PUT, MDA, Pro and activity of SOD and CAT and positively correlated with the content of Spd and activity of POD in grains. Our results indicated that exogenous Spm and Spd could alleviate the heat injury of grain filling.
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26
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Katuwal KB, Xiao B, Jespersen D. Physiological responses and tolerance mechanisms of seashore paspalum and centipedegrass exposed to osmotic and iso-osmotic salt stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153154. [PMID: 32224382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stresses caused by reduced water availability or the accumulation of salts in the soil can be highly damaging to plants. The objective of this study was to investigate physiological responses and tolerance mechanisms of two turfgrass species (seashore paspalum and centipedegrass) with distinct differences in salinity tolerance exposed to osmotic and iso-osmotic salt stresses. Three turfgrass genotypes including seashore paspalums 'Seastar' and 'UGP113', and centipedegrass 'TifBlair' were grown in ½ strength Hoagland's solution with three different treatment conditions; control (no external addition), salt stress (-0.4 MPa by adding NaCl) and osmotic stress [-0.4 MPa by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG)]. Osmotic stress damages were more severe with greater reductions in turf quality, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), relative water content (RWC) and leaf water potential (Ψw) compared to iso-osmotic salt stress in both seashore paspalum and centipedegrass. Greater osmotic adjustment (OA) with greater accumulation of metabolically inexpensive inorganic osmolytes (Na+) helped turfgrasses to lessen damages in salt stress compared to osmotic stress. However, such accumulation of Na+ resulted ion-toxicity and triggered some damages in terms of increased electrolyte leakage (EL) and reduced total protein in salt-sensitive centipedegrass. Seashore paspalum had better ion regulation and also maintained greater antioxidant enzyme activities compared to centipedegrass; therefore it was able to avoid ion-specific damages under salt stress. Differences in the utilization of specific solutes for osmotic adjustment and antioxidant metabolism are partially responsible for the differences in salt versus osmotic stress responses in these species; the regulation of these defense mechanisms requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna B Katuwal
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States
| | - Bo Xiao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - David Jespersen
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States.
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Sahay S, De La Cruz Torres E, Robledo-Arratia L, Gupta M. Photosynthetic activity and RAPD profile of polyethylene glycol treated B. juncea L. under nitric oxide and abscisic acid application. J Biotechnol 2020; 313:29-38. [PMID: 32151644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of two extremely important signalling molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and abscisic acid (ABA) has been employed by plants to facilitate the adaptive/tolerate response during stressful conditions. However, the interactive role of exogenously applied NO and ABA is very less studied at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. The present study therefore, evaluated the effects of individual and simultaneous addition of exogenous NO donor SNP (100μM) and ABA (10μM) on photosynthesis, Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes, S-assimilation enzymes, oxidative stress components, and genotoxicity in Brassica juncea cv. Varuna, exposed to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress. Results showed that a loss induced by PEG was significantly surpassed by the application of NO or/and ABA with PEG for chlorophyll content, net photosynthestic rate (Pn), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII), intrinsic PSII efficiency (Fv´/ Fm´), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), electron transport chain (ETC), ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapDH), phosphoribulokinase (PRK), ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and serine acetyltransferase (SAT) activities. The genomic template stability (GTS) (measured as changes in RAPD profiles) was significantly affected and showed varying degrees of DNA polymorphism, highest in PEG and lowest in PEG + NO and PEG + NO + ABA. Furthermore, the changes in RAPD profiles showed consistent results when compared with various photosynthetic and oxidative parameters. Altogether, this study concluded that supplementation of individual NO and together with ABA was more effective than individual ABA in alleviating PEG-induced drought stress in B. juncea L. seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Sahay
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India; Departamento de Biologia, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac, C.P. 52750, Mexico
| | - Eulogio De La Cruz Torres
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac, C.P. 52750, Mexico
| | - Luis Robledo-Arratia
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac, C.P. 52750, Mexico
| | - Meetu Gupta
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Seifikalhor M, Aliniaeifard S, Bernard F, Seif M, Latifi M, Hassani B, Didaran F, Bosacchi M, Rezadoost H, Li T. γ-Aminobutyric acid confers cadmium tolerance in maize plants by concerted regulation of polyamine metabolism and antioxidant defense systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3356. [PMID: 32098998 PMCID: PMC7042251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates in plants following exposure to heavy metals. To investigate the role of GABA in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, GABA (0, 25 and 50 µM) was applied to Cd-treated maize plants. Vegetative growth parameters were improved in both Cd-treated and control plants due to GABA application. Cd uptake and translocation were considerably inhibited by GABA. Antioxidant enzyme activity was enhanced in plants subjected to Cd. Concurrently GABA caused further increases in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, which led to a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and malondealdehyde contents under stress conditions. Polyamine biosynthesis-responsive genes, namely ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase, were induced by GABA in plants grown under Cd shock. GABA suppressed polyamine oxidase, a gene related to polyamine catabolism, when plants were exposed to Cd. Consequently, different forms of polyamines were elevated in Cd-exposed plants following GABA application. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was decreased by Cd-exposed plants, but was completely restored by GABA to the same value in the control. These results suggest a multifaceted contribution of GABA, through regulation of Cd uptake, production of reactive oxygen species and polyamine metabolism, in response to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seifikalhor
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Françoise Bernard
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Seif
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Latifi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Hassani
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardad Didaran
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massimo Bosacchi
- KWS Gateway Research Center, LLC, BRDG Park at the Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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29
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Li Z, Huang T, Tang M, Cheng B, Peng Y, Zhang X. iTRAQ-based proteomics reveals key role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in regulating drought tolerance in perennial creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:216-226. [PMID: 31707249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-proteinaceous amino acid, modulates plant growth and stress tolerance. However, the potential role of GABA in regulating key metabolic pathways and stress-defensive proteins against drought in plants has never been explored. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) plants were pretreated with or without GABA and then subjected to water stress for 8 days in controlled growth chambers (23/19 °C, day/night). Physiological analysis showed that elevated endogenous GABA level via exogenous GABA application significantly mitigated water stress damage to creeping bentgrass, as manifested by increased leaf relative water content, water use efficiency, osmotic adjustment (OA), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic rate, and reduced oxidative damage. iTRAQ-based proteomics found that enhanced chaperones accumulation, carbohydrates, amino acids, and energy metabolism played important roles in protein protection, OA, energy maintenance, and metabolic balance, which is important adaptive response to drought stress in creeping bentgrass. The GABA further promoted energy production and conversion, antioxidant defense, and DHN3 accumulation that were essential for energy requirement, ROS-scavenging, and the prevention of cell dehydration in leaf during drought stress. In addition, GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher abundance of dicarboxylate transporter 2.1, ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease, receptor-like protein kinase HERK1, o-acyltransferase WSD1, omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, and two-component response regulator ORR21 than untreated plants under drought stress. The result provides new evidences that GABA-induced drought tolerance is possibly involved in the improvement of nitrogen recycling, protection of photosystem II, mitigation of drought-depressed cell elongation, wax biosynthesis, fatty acid desaturase, and delaying leaf senescence in creeping bentgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mingyan Tang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Binzhen Cheng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into the specialization of shoots and stolons in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:708. [PMID: 31510936 PMCID: PMC6740039 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important turfgrass species with two types of stems, shoots and stolons. Despite their importance in determining the morphological variance and plasticity of bermudagrass, the intrinsic differences between stolons and shoots are poorly understood. Results In this study, we compared the proteomes of internode sections of shoots and stolons in the bermudagrass cultivar Yangjiang. The results indicated that 376 protein species were differentially accumulated in the two types of stems. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that five and nine biochemical pathways were significantly enriched in stolons and shoots, respectively. Specifically, enzymes participating in starch synthesis all preferentially accumulated in stolons, whereas proteins involved in glycolysis and diverse transport processes showed relatively higher abundance in shoots. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and pyruvate kinase (PK), which catalyze rate-limiting steps of starch synthesis and glycolysis, showed high expression levels and enzyme activity in stolons and shoots, respectively, in accordance with the different starch and soluble sugar contents of the two types of stems. Conclusions Our study revealed the differences between the shoots and stolons of bermudagrass at the proteome level. The results not only expand our understanding of the specialization of stolons and shoots but also provide clues for the breeding of bermudagrass and other turfgrasses with different plant architectures. Supplementary material Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12864-019-6077-3.
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31
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Yildirim E, Ekinci M, Kul R, Turan M, Gür A. Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56431/p-8o3bh8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper. There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important. The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively. In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.
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Huang S, Jiang S, Liang J, Chen M, Shi Y. Current knowledge of bermudagrass responses to abiotic stresses. BREEDING SCIENCE 2019; 69:215-226. [PMID: 31481830 PMCID: PMC6711739 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is a common turfgrass found in parks, landscapes, sports fields, and golf courses. It is also grown as a forage crop for animal production in many countries. Consequently, bermudagrass has significant ecological, environmental, and economic importance. Like many other food crops, bermudagrass production also faces challenges from various abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review we will focus on abiotic stresses and their impacts on turfgrass quality and yield. Among the abiotic stresses, drought, salinity and cold stress are known to be the most damaging stresses that can directly affect the production of turfgrass worldwide. In this review, we also discuss the impacts of nutrient supply, cadmium, waterlogging, shade and wear stresses on bermudagrass growth and development. Detailed discussions on abiotic stress effects on bermudagrass morphology, physiology, and gene expressions should benefit our current understanding on molecular mechanisms controlling bermudagrass tolerance against various abiotic stresses. We believe that the rapid development of transcriptomics and proteomics, as well as bermudagrass stable transformation technologies will promote the production of new bermudagrass cultivars with desirable tolerance against abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilian Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University,
483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642,
China
| | - Shaofeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University,
109 Huan Cheng North 2nd Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004,
China
| | - Junsong Liang
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University,
1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, Guangxi, 537000,
China
| | - Miao Chen
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University,
Haida Road #1, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088,
China
| | - Yancai Shi
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
85 Yanshan Town, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006,
China
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Teng K, Tan P, Guo W, Yue Y, Fan X, Wu J. Heterologous Expression of a Novel Zoysia japonica C 2H 2 Zinc Finger Gene, ZjZFN1, Improved Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1159. [PMID: 30154810 PMCID: PMC6102363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that some grass species are more tolerant to various abiotic and biotic stresses than many crops. Zinc finger proteins play important roles in plant abiotic and biotic stresses. Although genes coding for these proteins have been cloned and identified in various plants, their function and underlying transcriptional mechanisms in the halophyte Zoysia japonica are barely known. In the present study, ZjZFN1 was isolated from Z. japonica using RACE method. Quantitative real time PCR results revealed that the expression of ZjZFN1 was much higher in leaf than in root and stem tissues, and induced by salt, cold or ABA treatment. The subcellular localization assay demonstrated that ZjZFN1 was localized to the nucleus. Expression of the ZjZFN1 in Arabidopsis thaliana improved seed germination and enhanced plant adaption to salinity stress with improved percentage of green cotyledons and growth status under salinity stress. Physiological and transcriptional analyses suggested that ZjZFN1 might, at least in part, influence reactive oxygen species accumulation and regulate the transcription of salinity responsive genes. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis of ZjZFN1-overexpressing plants revealed that ZjZFN1 may serve as a transcriptional activator in the regulation of stress responsive pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Taken together, these results provide evidence that ZjZFN1 is a potential key player in plants' tolerance to salt stress, and it could be a valuable gene in Z. japonica breeding projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Teng
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Tan
- Turfgrass Research Institute, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weier Guo
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yuesen Yue
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Fan
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juying Wu
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Peng D, Peng Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Huang L, Yan Y. The inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis weakens the drought tolerance in white clover (Trifolium repens) associated with the alteration of extensive proteins. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:803-817. [PMID: 29181726 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Changes of endogenous polyamine (PA) levels could be a key adaptive response to drought in plants. White clover pretreated with or without dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), an inhibitor of PA biosynthesis, was subjected to drought stress induced by 18% polyethylene glycol 6000 for 8 days in controlled growth chambers. Results showed that drought stress significantly increased endogenous PA content, whereas DCHA significantly decreased PA accumulation under drought stress. The attenuate PA biosynthesis was unfavorable for plant growth and drought tolerance, as reflected by significantly lower relative water content, relative growth rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, and cell membrane stability in leaves in response to drought. On the basis of proteomic analysis, the inhibition of PA synthesis decreased the accumulation of many key differentially expressed proteins including (1) ribosomal structure and biogenesis: elongation factor, ribosomal protein S10E, and 30S ribosomal protein; (2) amino acid transport and metabolism: cysteine synthase, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, and glutamate decarboxylase; (3) carbohydrate metabolism and energy production: photosystem apoprotein, sucrose-phosphate synthase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, sucrose-phosphatase, NADH oxidoreductase, and ATP synthase; (4) antioxidant metabolism: catalase, peroxidase I, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase; and (5) other biological processes: heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90, and calcium-dependent protein kinase associated with the decreased drought tolerance in white clover. These findings indicate that PAs play a critical role in the regulation of growth, ribosome, amino acid and energy metabolism, and antioxidant reactions in white clover under drought stress. Drought-induced increases in endogenous PAs could be one of key adaptive responses against drought stress in white clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Du J, Guo S, Sun J, Shu S. Proteomic and physiological analyses reveal the role of exogenous spermidine on cucumber roots in response to Ca(NO 3) 2 stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:1-21. [PMID: 29633167 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of exogenous Spd-induced Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance in cucumber was studied by proteomics and physiological analyses. Protein-protein interaction network revealed 13 key proteins involved in Spd-induced Ca(NO3)2 stress resistance. Ca(NO3)2 stress is one of the major reasons for secondary salinization that limits cucumber plant development in greenhouse. The conferred protective role of exogenous Spd on cucumber in response to Ca(NO3)2 stress cues involves changes at the cellular and physiological levels. To investigate the molecular foundation of exogenous Spd in Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance, a proteomic approach was performed in our work. After a 9 days period of Ca(NO3)2 stress and/or exogenous Spd, 71 differential protein spots were confidently identified. The resulting proteins were enriched in seven different categories of biological processes, including protein metabolism, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, ROS homeostasis and stress defense, cell wall related, transcription, others and unknown. Protein metabolism (31.2%), carbohydrate and energy metabolism (15.6%), ROS homeostasis and stress defense (32.5%) were the three largest functional categories in cucumber root and most of them were significantly increased by exogenous Spd. The Spd-responsive protein interaction network revealed 13 key proteins, whose accumulation changes could be critical for Spd-induced resistance; all 13 proteins were upregulated by Spd at transcriptional and protein levels in response to Ca(NO3)2 stress. Furthermore, accumulation of antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidant and polyamines, along with reduction of H2O2 and MDA, were detected after exogenous Spd application during Ca(NO3)2 stress. The results of these proteomic and physiological analyses in cucumber root may facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance mediated by exogenous Spd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Taizhou Research Institute, Jiangsu Academy Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Bitrián M, Tiburcio AF, Alcázar R. Determination of Posttranslational Modifications by 2D PAGE: Applications to Polyamines. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1694:337-341. [PMID: 29080178 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7398-9_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines not only affect transcription and translation but also may induce a number of posttranslational modifications. The identification of polyamine-induced posttranslational modifications can be performed by 2D PAGE analyses. Here, we provide a protocol for 2D-gel electrophoresis that has been optimized for plants. The combined use of this protocol with epitope-tagged proteins expressed in plants enables the detailed analysis of posttranslational modifications induced by different polyamines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bitrián
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio F Tiburcio
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Mahmud JA, Nahar K, Mohsin SM, Parvin K, Fujita M. Interaction of sulfur with phytohormones and signaling molecules in conferring abiotic stress tolerance to plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1477905. [PMID: 29939817 PMCID: PMC6103289 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1477905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is a macronutrient for the plant, which has an immense role in basic plant processes and regulation of several metabolic pathways. It has also a major role in providing protection against adverse conditions. Sulfur-containing amino acids and metabolites maintain plant cell mechanisms to improve stress tolerance. It interacts with several biomolecules such as phytohormones, polyamines, nitric oxide (NO), and even with other plant nutrients, which can produce some derivatives those are essential for abiotic stress tolerance. Different S derivatives stimulate signaling cascades, for the upregulation of different cellular messengers such as abscisic acid, Ca2+, and NO. Sulfur is also known to interact with some essential plant nutrients by influencing their uptake and transport, hence, confers nutrient homeostasis efficiencies. This review focuses on how S is interacted with several signaling molecules like NO, glutathiones, phytohormones, hydrogen sulfide, polyamines, etc. This is a concise summary aimed at guiding the researchers to study S-related plant processes in the light of abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CONTACT Mirza Hasanuzzaman
| | - M. H. M. B. Bhuyan
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - J. A. Mahmud
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K. Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - K. Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - M. Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Ke Q, Ye J, Wang B, Ren J, Yin L, Deng X, Wang S. Melatonin Mitigates Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating Polyamine Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:914. [PMID: 30018628 PMCID: PMC6037824 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a small molecular weight indoleamine molecule, is involved in various biological processes and responses to environmental cues in plants. However, its function in abiotic stress response and the underlying mechanisms is less clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress condition. Exogenous melatonin pretreatment partially mitigated the salt-induced inhibition of whole-plant growth as judged from shoot dry weight, IAA content, leaf photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemistry efficiency of photosystem II, and chlorophyll. The mitigation was also observed in reduced accumulation of H2O2 in melatonin-pretreated wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress. Exogenous melatonin increased endogenous melatonin content by evaluating the levels of TaSNAT transcript, which encodes a key regulatory enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, melatonin increased polyamine contents by accelerating the metabolic flow from the precursor amino acids arginine and methionine to polyamines; melatonin also decreased the degradation of salt-induced polyamines. Taken together, these results provide the evidence that melatonin mitigates salt stress mainly through its regulation on polyamine metabolism of wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Bomei Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Shiwen Wang,
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Zhang L, Hu T, Amombo E, Wang G, Xie Y, Fu J. The Alleviation of Heat Damage to Photosystem II and Enzymatic Antioxidants by Exogenous Spermidine in Tall Fescue. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1747. [PMID: 29075277 PMCID: PMC5644155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) is a typical cool-season grass that is widely used in turf and pasture. However, high temperature as an abiotic stress seriously affects its utilization. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of spermidine (Spd) on heat stress response of tall fescue. The samples were exposed to 22°C (normal condition) or 44°C (heat stress) for 4 h. The results showed that exogenous Spd partially improved the quality of tall fescue leaves under normal temperature conditions. Nevertheless, after heat stress treatment, exogenous Spd significantly decreased the electrolyte leakage of tall fescue leaves. Spd also profoundly reduced the H2O2 and O2⋅- content and increased antioxidant enzymes activities. In addition, PAs can also regulate antioxidant enzymes activities including SOD, POD, and APX which could help to scavenge ROS. Moreover, application of Spd could also remarkably increase the chlorophyll content and had a positive effect on the chlorophyll α fluorescence transients under high temperature. The Spd reagent enhanced the performance of photosystem II (PSII) as observed by the JIP-test. Under heat stress, the Spd profoundly improved the partial potentials at the steps of energy bifurcations (PIABS and PItotal) and the quantum yields and efficiencies (φP0, δR0, φR0, and γRC). Exogenous Spd could also reduce the specific energy fluxes per QA- reducing PSII reaction center (RC) (TP0/RC and ET0/RC). Additionally, exogenous Spd improved the expression level of psbA and psbB, which encoded the proteins of PSII core reaction center complex. We infer that PAs can stabilize the structure of nucleic acids and protect RNA from the degradation of ribonuclease. In brief, our study indicates that exogenous Spd enhances the heat tolerance of tall fescue by maintaining cell membrane stability, increasing antioxidant enzymes activities, improving PSII, and relevant gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Erick Amombo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Luo J, Liu M, Zhang C, Zhang P, Chen J, Guo Z, Lu S. Transgenic Centipedegrass ( Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) Overexpressing S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase (SAMDC) Gene for Improved Cold Tolerance Through Involvement of H 2O 2 and NO Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1655. [PMID: 29018465 PMCID: PMC5614975 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) is an important warm-season turfgrass species. Transgenic centipedgrass plants overexpressing S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from bermudagrass (CdSAMDC1) that was induced in response to cold were generated in this study. Higher levels of CdSAMDC1 transcript and sperimidine (Spd) and spermin (Spm) concentrations and enhanced freezing and chilling tolerance were observed in transgenic plants as compared with the wild type (WT). Transgenic plants had higher levels of polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity and H2O2 than WT, which were blocked by pretreatment with methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) or MGBG, inhibitor of SAMDC, indicating that the increased PAO and H2O2 were a result of expression of CdSAMDC1. In addition, transgenic plants had higher levels of nitrate reductase (NR) activity and nitric oxide (NO) concentration. The increased NR activity were blocked by pretreatment with MGBG and ascorbic acid (AsA), scavenger of H2O2, while the increased NO level was blocked by MGBG, AsA, and inhibitors of NR, indicating that the enhanced NR-derived NO was dependent upon H2O2, as a result of expression CdSAMDC1. Elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were observed in transgenic plants than in WT, which were blocked by pretreatment with MGBG, AsA, inhibitors of NR and scavenger of NO, indicating that the increased activities of SOD and CAT depends on expression of CdSAMDC1, H2O2, and NR-derived NO. Our results suggest that the elevated cold tolerance was associated with PAO catalyzed production of H2O2, which in turn led to NR-derived NO production and induced antioxidant enzyme activities in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Chendong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Shaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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41
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Seed priming with spermine and spermidine regulates the expression of diverse groups of abiotic stress-responsive genes during salinity stress in the seedlings of indica rice varieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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42
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Seed pre-treatment with spermidine alleviates oxidative damages to different extent in the salt (NaCl)-stressed seedlings of three indica rice cultivars with contrasting level of salt tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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43
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Proteome dynamics and physiological responses to short-term salt stress in Leymus chinensis leaves. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183615. [PMID: 28846722 PMCID: PMC5573290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is becoming an increasing threat to global agriculture. In this study, physiological and proteomics analysis were performed using a salt-tolerant grass species, Leymus chinensis (L. chinensis). The aim of this study is to understand the potential mechanism of salt tolerance in L. chinensis that used for crop molecular breeding. A series of short-term (<48 h) NaCl treatments (0 ~ 700 mM) were conducted. Physiological data indicated that the root and leaves growth were inhibited, chlorophyll contents decreased, while hydraulic conductivity, proline, sugar and sucrose were accumulated under salt stress. For proteomic analysis, we obtained 274 differentially expressed proteins in response to NaCl treatments. GO analysis revealed that 44 out of 274 proteins are involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids and carbon metabolism. Our findings suggested that L. chinensis copes with salt stress by stimulating the activities of POD, SOD and CAT enzymes, speeding up the reactions of later steps of citrate cycle, and synthesis of proline and sugar. In agreement with our physiological data, proteomic analysis also showed that salt stress depress the expression of photosystem relevant proteins, Calvin cycle, and chloroplast biosynthesis.
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Sang Q, Shan X, An Y, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Positive Effect of Exogenous Spermidine in Tomato Seedlings' Response to High-Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:120. [PMID: 28220137 PMCID: PMC5292424 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development as well as the response to environmental stresses. To evaluate their functions in high-temperature stress responses, the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) were determined in tomato leaves using two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. A total of 67 differentially expressed proteins were identified in response to high-temperature stress and/or exogenous Spd, which were grouped into different categories according to biological processes. The four largest categories included proteins involved in photosynthesis (27%), cell rescue, and defense (24%), protein synthesis, folding and degradation (22%), and energy and metabolism (13%). Exogenous Spd up-regulated most identified proteins involved in photosynthesis, implying an enhancement in photosynthetic capacity. Meanwhile, physiological analysis showed that Spd could improve net photosynthetic rate and the biomass accumulation. Moreover, an increased high-temperature stress tolerance by exogenous Spd would contribute to the higher expressions of proteins involved in cell rescue and defense, and Spd regulated the antioxidant enzymes activities and related genes expression in tomato seedlings exposed to high temperature. Taken together, these findings provide a better understanding of the Spd-induced high-temperature resistance by proteomic approaches, providing valuable insight into improving the high-temperature stress tolerance in the global warming epoch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Sang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yahong An
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected HorticultureSuqian, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected HorticultureSuqian, China
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Liu M, Chen J, Guo Z, Lu S. Differential Responses of Polyamines and Antioxidants to Drought in a Centipedegrass Mutant in Comparison to Its Wild Type Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:792. [PMID: 28559909 PMCID: PMC5432576 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) is an important warm-season turfgrass species with low turf maintenance requirements. However, our knowledge on physiological adaptation of centipedegrass to drought stress is limited. Physiological responses to drought in a gamma-ray-induced mutant 22-1 as compared with two wild type (WT) lines were analyzed for understanding of drought tolerance mechanism of centipedegrass. The mutant showed an elevated drought tolerance with higher levels of relative water content, net photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) and lower levels of ion leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) under drought stress as compared with WT plants. A showed significant correlation with gs and MDA. Higher levels of antioxidant enzymes activities, non-enzyme antioxidants, and polyamines including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) were maintained in 22-1 than in WT plants. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate-peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and ascorbic acid (AsA) content were significantly correlated with both Put and Spd levels, and reduced glutathione level was correlated with Put during drought stress. Exogenous application of Put, Spd, and Spm increased drought tolerance and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR in WT plants. The results suggest that higher levels of polyamines and antioxidant defense system are associated with the elevated drought tolerance in 22-1, which may improve protection on photosynthesis against drought induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Key laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceZhanjiang, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenfei Guo, Shaoyun Lu,
| | - Shaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenfei Guo, Shaoyun Lu,
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Ye T, Shi H, Wang Y, Yang F, Chan Z. Contrasting Proteomic and Metabolomic Responses of Bermudagrass to Drought and Salt Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1694. [PMID: 27891145 PMCID: PMC5105639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is one of tolerant grass species to drought and salt. The comparative analyses of bermudagrass in response to drought and salt stresses at the physiological, proteomic, and metabolomic levels were performed in this study. The physiological results indicated that osmolytes accumulation, ROS level and antioxidant enzyme activities were extensively changed by drought and salt stresses. Through comparative proteomic analyses, we successfully identified a total of 77 proteins involved in photosynthesis, oxidative pentose phosphate, glycolysis, and redox metabolic pathways when exposed to drought and salt stresses. Among them, 36 proteins were commonly regulated by both treatments, while other 40 and 13 proteins were specifically regulated by drought and salt, respectively. Totally 15 proteins were involved in carbon metabolic pathway. Moreover, contents of 37 metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols were regulated by drought and salt treatments. Among them, 18 commonly modulated metabolites were involved in carbon and amino acid metabolic pathways. Drought treatment for 21 days caused less accumulation of sugars and sugar alcohols and increased ROS level in bermudagrass which led to relatively more severe cell membrane reflected by high EL-value and lower survival rate when compared to 400 mM salt treatment for 21 days. These results suggested that drought and 400 mM NaCl stresses for 21 days treatment affected common and specific changes in bermudagrass, which would provide new insights to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and metabolic homeostasis of bermudagrass in responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
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Peng D, Wang X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Li Y, He X, Zhang X, Ma X, Huang L, Yan Y. NO is involved in spermidine-induced drought tolerance in white clover via activation of antioxidant enzymes and genes. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1243-54. [PMID: 26338203 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a key signaling molecule, can be induced by polyamines (PAs), which play an important role in improving drought tolerance in plants. This study was to further investigate the role of NO in spermidine (Spd)-induced drought tolerance associated with antioxidant defense in leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens) under drought stress induced by -0.3 MPa polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) solution. A hydroponic growth method was used for cultivating plants in a controlled growth chamber for 30-33 days until the second leaves were fully expanded. Two relative independent experiments were carried out in our study. One is that exogenous application of Spd or an NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) significantly improved drought tolerance in whole plants, as demonstrated by better phenotypic appearance, increased relative water content (RWC), and decreased electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves as compared to untreated plants. For another detached leaf experiment, PEG induced an increase in the generation of NO in cells and significantly improved activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). These responses could be blocked by pre-treatment with a Spd biosynthetic inhibitor, dicyclohexyl amine (DCHA), and then reversed by application of exogenous Spd. Meanwhile, PEG induced up-regulation of activities and gene transcript levels of corresponding antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) to varying degrees, while these effects were partially blocked by pre-treatment with DCHA, the scavenger of NO, the inhibitors of NR or NOS. In addition, Spd-induced antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression also could be effectively inhibited by an NO scavenger as well as inhibitors of NR and NOS. These findings suggest that both Spd and NO can enhance drought tolerance. Spd was involved in drought stress-activated NR and NOS pathways associated with NO release, which mediated antioxidant defense and thus contributed to drought tolerance in white clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaping Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang He
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Street 211, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
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Sang T, Shan X, Li B, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals the positive effect of exogenous spermidine on photosynthesis and salinity tolerance in cucumber seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1769-82. [PMID: 27351994 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Our results based on proteomics data and physiological alterations proposed the putative mechanism of exogenous Spd enhanced salinity tolerance in cucumber seedlings. Current studies showed that exogenous spermidine (Spd) could alleviate harmful effects of salinity. It is important to increase our understanding of the beneficial physiological responses of exogenous Spd treatment, and to determine the molecular responses underlying these responses. Here, we combined a physiological analysis with iTRAQ-based comparative proteomics of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves, treated with 0.1 mM exogenous Spd, 75 mM NaCl and/or exogenous Spd. A total of 221 differentially expressed proteins were found and involved in 30 metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, stress response, signal transduction and antioxidant. Based on functional classification of the differentially expressed proteins and the physiological responses, we found cucumber seedlings treated with Spd under salt stress had higher photosynthesis efficiency, upregulated tetrapyrrole synthesis, stronger ROS scavenging ability and more protein biosynthesis activity than NaCl treatment, suggesting that these pathways may promote salt tolerance under high salinity. This study provided insights into how exogenous Spd protects photosynthesis and enhances salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Facility Horticulture Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Facility Horticulture Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China.
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Peng Y, Ma X, Huang L, Yan Y. Physiological and iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Function of Spermidine on Improving Drought Tolerance in White Clover. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1563-79. [PMID: 27030016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous spermidine interacting with phytohormones may be involved in the regulation of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with drought tolerance in white clover. Plants treated with or without spermidine (50 μM) were subjected to 20% PEG 6000 nutrient solution to induce drought stress (50% leaf-relative water content). The results showed that increased endogenous spermidine induced by exogenous spermidine altered endogenous phytohormones in association with improved drought tolerance, as demonstrated by the delay in water-deficit development, improved photosynthesis and water use efficiency, and lower oxidative damage. As compared to untreated plants, Spd-treated plants maintained a higher abundance of DEPs under drought stress involved in (1) protein biosynthesis (ribosomal and chaperone proteins); (2) amino acids synthesis; (3) the carbon and energy metabolism; (4) antioxidant and stress defense (ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and dehydrins); and (5) GA and ABA signaling pathways (gibberellin receptor GID1, ABA-responsive protein 17, and ABA stress ripening protein). Thus, the findings of proteome could explain the Spd-induced physiological effects associated with drought tolerance. The analysis of functional protein-protein networks further proved that the alteration of endogenous spermidine and phytohormones induced the interaction among ribosome, photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. These differences could contribute to improved drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University , 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
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