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Fu Y, Zhou Y, Wang K, Li Z, Kong W. Extracellular Matrix Interactome in Modulating Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling. Circ Res 2024; 134:931-949. [PMID: 38547250 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The ECM (extracellular matrix) is a major component of the vascular microenvironment that modulates vascular homeostasis. ECM proteins include collagens, elastin, noncollagen glycoproteins, and proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans. ECM proteins form complex matrix structures, such as the basal lamina and collagen and elastin fibers, through direct interactions or lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking. Moreover, ECM proteins directly interact with cell surface receptors or extracellular secreted molecules, exerting matricellular and matricrine modulation, respectively. In addition, extracellular proteases degrade or cleave matrix proteins, thereby contributing to ECM turnover. These interactions constitute the ECM interactome network, which is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis and preventing pathological vascular remodeling. The current review mainly focuses on endogenous matrix proteins in blood vessels and discusses the interaction of these matrix proteins with other ECM proteins, cell surface receptors, cytokines, complement and coagulation factors, and their potential roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis and preventing pathological remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., K.W., Z.L., W.K.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.Z.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., K.W., Z.L., W.K.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuofan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., K.W., Z.L., W.K.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., K.W., Z.L., W.K.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Schoenenberger MS, Halfter W, Ferrand A, Halfter K, Tzankov A, Scholl HPN, Henrich PB, Monnier CA. The biophysical and compositional properties of human basement membranes. FEBS J 2024; 291:477-488. [PMID: 37984833 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes are among the most widespread, non-cellular functional materials in metazoan organisms. Despite this ubiquity, the links between their compositional and biophysical properties are often difficult to establish due to their thin and delicate nature. In this article, we examine these features on a molecular level by combining results from proteomics, elastic, and nanomechanical analyses across a selection of human basement membranes. Comparing results between these different membranes connects certain compositional attributes to distinct nanomechanical signatures and further demonstrates to what extent water defines these properties. In all, these data underline BMs as stiff yet highly elastic connective tissue layers and highlight how the interplay between composition, mechanics and hydration yields such exceptionally adaptable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willi Halfter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Ferrand
- Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum of the University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Halfter
- Munich Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Histopathology and Autopsy, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Switzerland
| | - Paul Bernhard Henrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Do JL, Pedroarena-Leal N, Louie M, Avila Garcia P, Alnihmy A, Patel A, Weinreb RN, Wahlin KJ, La Torre Vila A, Welsbie DS. Mechanical Disruption of the Inner Limiting Membrane In Vivo Enhances Targeting to the Inner Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:25. [PMID: 38117244 PMCID: PMC10741092 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effects of mechanical disruption of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) on the ability to target interventions to the inner neurosensory retina in a rodent model. Our study used an animal model to gain insight into the normal physiology of the ILM and advances our understanding of the effects of mechanical ILM removal on the viral transduction of retinal ganglion cells and retinal ganglion cell transplantation. Methods The ILM in the in vivo rat eye was disrupted using mechanical forces applied to the vitreoretinal interface. Immunohistology and electron microscopy were used to verify the removal of the ILM in retina flatmounts and sections. To assess the degree to which ILM disruption enhanced transvitreal access to the retina, in vivo studies involving intravitreal injections of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to transduce retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and ex vivo studies involving co-culture of human stem cell-derived RGCs (hRGCs) on retinal explants were performed. RGC transduction efficiency and transplanted hRGC integration with retinal explants were evaluated by immunohistology of the retinas. Results Mechanical disruption of the ILM in the rodent eye was sufficient to remove the ILM from targeted retinal areas while preserving the underlying retinal nerve fiber layer and RGCs. Removal of the ILM enhanced the transduction efficiency of intravitreally delivered AAV threefold (1380.0 ± 290.1 vs. 442.0 ± 249.3 cells/mm2; N = 6; P = 0.034). Removal of the ILM was also sufficient to promote integration of transplanted RGCs within the inner retina. Conclusions The ILM is a barrier to transvitreally delivered agents including viral vectors and cells. Mechanical removal of the ILM is sufficient to enhance access to the inner retina, improve viral transduction efficiencies of RGCs, and enhance cellular integration of transplanted RGCs with the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun L. Do
- Gleiberman Center for Glaucoma Research, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Nicole Pedroarena-Leal
- Gleiberman Center for Glaucoma Research, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Mikaela Louie
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, California, United States
| | - Paula Avila Garcia
- Gleiberman Center for Glaucoma Research, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Adam Alnihmy
- Gleiberman Center for Glaucoma Research, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Amit Patel
- Gleiberman Center for Glaucoma Research, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Gleiberman Center for Glaucoma Research, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Karl J. Wahlin
- Gleiberman Center for Glaucoma Research, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Anna La Torre Vila
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, California, United States
| | - Derek S. Welsbie
- Gleiberman Center for Glaucoma Research, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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Kim CJ, Kim HH, Kim HK, Lee S, Jang D, Kim C, Lim DH. MicroRNA miR-263b-5p Regulates Developmental Growth and Cell Association by Suppressing Laminin A in Drosophila. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1096. [PMID: 37626982 PMCID: PMC10451713 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) play important roles under various physiological conditions in animals, including ecdysozoans. During development, BMs undergo alterations through diverse intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory mechanisms; however, the full complement of pathways controlling these changes remain unclear. Here, we found that fat body-overexpression of Drosophila miR-263b, which is highly expressed during the larval-to-pupal transition, resulted in a decrease in the overall size of the larval fat body, and ultimately, in a severe growth defect accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation and cell size. Interestingly, we further observed that a large proportion of the larval fat body cells were prematurely disassociated from each other. Moreover, we present evidence that miR-263b-5p suppresses the main component of BMs, Laminin A (LanA). Through experiments using RNA interference (RNAi) of LanA, we found that its depletion phenocopied the effects in miR-263b-overexpressing flies. Overall, our findings suggest a potential role for miR-263b in developmental growth and cell association by suppressing LanA expression in the Drosophila fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Do-Hwan Lim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea; (C.J.K.); (H.H.K.); (H.K.K.); (S.L.); (D.J.); (C.K.)
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Wishart TFL, Lovicu FJ. Spatiotemporal Localisation of Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans throughout Mouse Lens Morphogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:1364. [PMID: 37408198 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) consist of a core protein decorated with sulphated HS-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. These negatively charged HS-GAG chains rely on the activity of PAPSS synthesising enzymes for their sulfation, which allows them to bind to and regulate the activity of many positively charged HS-binding proteins. HSPGs are found on the surfaces of cells and in the pericellular matrix, where they interact with various components of the cell microenvironment, including growth factors. By binding to and regulating ocular morphogens and growth factors, HSPGs are positioned to orchestrate growth factor-mediated signalling events that are essential for lens epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and lens fibre differentiation. Previous studies have shown that HS sulfation is essential for lens development. Moreover, each of the full-time HSPGs, differentiated by thirteen different core proteins, are differentially localised in a cell-type specific manner with regional differences in the postnatal rat lens. Here, the same thirteen HSPG-associated GAGs and core proteins as well as PAPSS2, are shown to be differentially regulated throughout murine lens development in a spatiotemporal manner. These findings suggest that HS-GAG sulfation is essential for growth factor-induced cellular processes during embryogenesis, and the unique and divergent localisation of different lens HSPG core proteins indicates that different HSPGs likely play specialized roles during lens induction and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler F L Wishart
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Wishart TFL, Lovicu FJ. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) of the ocular lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 93:101118. [PMID: 36068128 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) reside in most cells; on their surface, in the pericellular milieu and/or extracellular matrix. In the eye, HSPGs can orchestrate the activity of key signalling molecules found in the ocular environment that promote its development and homeostasis. To date, our understanding of the specific roles played by individual HSPG family members, and the heterogeneity of their associated sulfated HS chains, is in its infancy. The crystalline lens is a relatively simple and well characterised ocular tissue that provides an ideal stage to showcase and model the expression and unique roles of individual HSPGs. Individual HSPG core proteins are differentially localised to eye tissues in a temporal and spatial developmental- and cell-type specific manner, and their loss or functional disruption results in unique phenotypic outcomes for the lens, and other ocular tissues. More recent work has found that different HS sulfation enzymes are also presented in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, and that disruption of these different sulfation patterns affects specific HS-protein interactions. Not surprisingly, these sulfated HS chains have also been reported to be required for lens and eye development, with dysregulation of HS chain structure and function leading to pathogenesis and eye-related phenotypes. In the lens, HSPGs undergo significant and specific changes in expression and function that can drive pathology, or in some cases, promote tissue repair. As master signalling regulators, HSPGs may one day serve as valuable biomarkers, and even as putative targets for the development of novel therapeutics, not only for the eye but for many other systemic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler F L Wishart
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Wishart TFL, Lovicu FJ. An Atlas of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Postnatal Rat Lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:5. [PMID: 34730792 PMCID: PMC8572486 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The arrangement of lens cells is regulated by ocular growth factors. Although the effects of these inductive molecules on lens cell behavior (proliferation, survival, and fiber differentiation) are well-characterized, the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of growth factor-mediated signaling in lens remains elusive. Increasing evidence highlights the importance of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) for the signaling regulation of growth factors; however, the identity of the different lens HSPGs and the specific roles they play in lens biology are still unknown. Methods Semiquantitative real-time (RT)‐PCR and immunolabeling were used to characterize the spatial distribution of all known HSPG core proteins and their associated glycosaminoglycans (heparan and chondroitin sulfate) in the postnatal rat lens. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2-treated lens epithelial explants, cultured in the presence of Surfen (an inhibitor of heparan sulfate [HS]-growth factor binding interactions) were used to investigate the requirement for HS in FGF-2-induced proliferation, fiber differentiation, and ERK1/2-signaling. Results The lens expresses all HSPGs. These HSPGs are differentially localized to distinct functional regions of the lens. In vitro, inhibition of HS-sulfation with Surfen blocked FGF-2-mediated ERK1/2-signaling associated with lens epithelial cell proliferation and fiber differentiation, highlighting that these cellular processes are dependent on HS. Conclusions These findings support a requirement for HSPGs in FGF-2 driven lens cell proliferation and fiber differentiation. The identification of specific HSPG core proteins in key functional lens regions, and the divergent expression patterns of closely related HSPGs, suggests that different HSPGs may differentially regulate growth factor signaling networks leading to specific biological events involved in lens growth and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler F L Wishart
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Maqueda M, Mosquera JL, García-Arumí J, Veiga A, Duarri A. Repopulation of decellularized retinas with hiPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial and ocular progenitor cells shows cell engraftment, organization and differentiation. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121049. [PMID: 34332373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The retinal extracellular matrix (ECM) provides architectural support, adhesion and signal guidance that controls retinal development. Decellularization of the ECM affords great potential to tissue engineering; however, how structural retinal ECM affects in vitro development, differentiation and maturation of ocular cells remains to be elucidated. Here, mouse and porcine retinas were decellularized and the protein profile analyzed. Acellular retinal ECM (arECM) scaffolds were then repopulated with human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells or ocular progenitor cells (OPC) to assess their integration, proliferation and organization. 3837 and 2612 unique proteins were identified in mouse and porcine arECM, respectively, of which 93 and 116 proteins belong to the matrisome. GO analysis shows that matrisome-related proteins were associated with the extracellular region and cell junction and KEGG pathways related to signalling transduction, nervous and endocrine systems and cell junctions were enriched. Interestingly, mouse and porcine arECMs were successfully repopulated with both RPE and OPC, the latter exhibiting cell lineage-specific clusters. Retinal cells organized into different layers containing well-defined areas with pigmented cells, photoreceptors, Müller glia, astrocytes, and ganglion cells, whereas in other areas, conjunctival/limbal, corneal and lens cells re-arranged in cell-specific self-organized areas. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that decellularization of both mouse and porcine retinas retains common native ECM components that upon cell repopulation could guide similar ocular cell adhesion, migration and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maqueda
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Mosquera
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Arumí
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca - VHIR, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Veiga
- Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; National Stem Cell Bank-Barcelona Node, Biomolecular and Bioinformatics Resources Platform (PRB2), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca - VHIR, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; National Stem Cell Bank-Barcelona Node, Biomolecular and Bioinformatics Resources Platform (PRB2), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Belhabib I, Zaghdoudi S, Lac C, Bousquet C, Jean C. Extracellular Matrices and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Targets for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3466. [PMID: 34298680 PMCID: PMC8303391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid cancer progression is dictated by neoplastic cell features and pro-tumoral crosstalks with their microenvironment. Stroma modifications, such as fibroblast activation into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, are now recognized as critical events for cancer progression and as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets. The recent appreciation of the key, complex and multiple roles of the ECM in cancer and of the CAF diversity, has revolutionized the field and raised innovative but challenging questions. Here, we rapidly present CAF heterogeneity in link with their specific ECM remodeling features observed in cancer, before developing each of the impacts of such ECM modifications on tumor progression (survival, angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche, chemoresistance, etc.), and on patient prognosis. Finally, based on preclinical studies and recent results obtained from clinical trials, we highlight key mechanisms or proteins that are, or may be, used as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets, and we report and discuss benefits, disappointments, or even failures, of recently reported stroma-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christine Jean
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; (I.B.); (S.Z.); (C.L.); (C.B.)
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The extracellular matrix complexity of idiopathic epiretinal membranes and the bilaminar arrangement of the associated internal limiting membrane in the posterior retina. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:2559-2571. [PMID: 33760980 PMCID: PMC8380574 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the composition of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina, the extracellular matrix (ECM) of idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs), and the relationships occurring between the two membranes. METHODS Forty-six iERMs, 24 of them associated with the ILM, were collected and included in this study. The investigation has been carried out by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy on glutaraldehyde- and osmium-fixed epon-embedded samples and on frozen samples. Sections were double or triple labelled with antibodies against vimentin; collagens I, III, IV, α5(IV), and VI; laminin 1 + 2; laminin α2-, α4-, α5-, β1-, β2-, β3-, γ1-, and γ2-chains; entactin; and fibronectin. RESULTS iERM thickness was not uniform. Almost 14% of iERMs showed thickenings due to folding of their ECM component under the cell layer. The vitreal side of iERMs was often shorter than the attached ILM. In this case, the ILM resulted folded under the iERM. ILMs contained laminin 111; laminin α2-, α5-, β1-, β2-, and γ1-chains; entactin; collagens I; α5(IV); [α1(IV)]2α2(IV); and VI. Laminins, entactin, and α5(IV) were gathered on the retinal half of the ILM, whereas collagens [α1(IV)]2α2(IV) and I were restricted to the vitreal side. Collagen VI was detected on both sides of the ILM. iERMs expressed laminin 111, collagens III, [α1(IV)]2α2(IV) and VI, entactin, and fibronectin. Entactin co-localized with laminins and collagen IV. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of laminins and collagen chain expression indicates that ILM contains laminin 111 (former laminin 1), laminin 521 (former laminin 11), laminin 211 (former laminin 2), collagen [α1(IV)]2α2(IV), and collagen α3(IV)α4(IV)α5. In contrast, iERMs express only collagen [α1(IV)]2α2(IV) and laminin 111. In addition, both iERMs and ILMs contain entactin. The presence of three major constituents of the basement membranes co-localized together in iERMs is suggestive for a deranged process of basement membrane formation which fails to assemble properly. In view of the many interactions occurring among its proteins, the ECM of either the iERMs or the ILMs can account for their reciprocal adhesiveness. In addition, the peculiar deposition of the ECM observed in some samples of iERM is suggestive for its involvement in the formation of macular puckers.
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Koli S, Labelle-Dumais C, Zhao Y, Paylakhi S, Nair KS. Identification of MFRP and the secreted serine proteases PRSS56 and ADAMTS19 as part of a molecular network involved in ocular growth regulation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009458. [PMID: 33755662 PMCID: PMC8018652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of ocular size is a critical determinant of normal visual acuity. Although it is generally accepted that ocular growth relies on a cascade of signaling events transmitted from the retina to the sclera, the factors and mechanism(s) involved are poorly understood. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the retinal secreted serine protease PRSS56 and transmembrane glycoprotein MFRP, a factor predominantly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), in ocular size determination. Mutations in PRSS56 and MFRP constitute a major cause of nanophthalmos, a condition characterized by severe reduction in ocular axial length/extreme hyperopia. Interestingly, common variants of these genes have been implicated in myopia, a condition associated with ocular elongation. Consistent with these findings, mice with loss of function mutation in PRSS56 or MFRP exhibit a reduction in ocular axial length. However, the molecular network and cellular processes involved in PRSS56- and MFRP-mediated ocular axial growth remain elusive. Here, we show that Adamts19 expression is significantly upregulated in the retina of mice lacking either Prss56 or Mfrp. Importantly, using genetic mouse models, we demonstrate that while ADAMTS19 is not required for ocular growth during normal development, its inactivation exacerbates ocular axial length reduction in Prss56 and Mfrp mutant mice. These results suggest that the upregulation of retinal Adamts19 is part of an adaptive molecular response to counteract impaired ocular growth. Using a complementary genetic approach, we show that loss of PRSS56 or MFRP function prevents excessive ocular axial growth in a mouse model of early-onset myopia caused by a null mutation in Irbp, thus, demonstrating that PRSS56 and MFRP are also required for pathological ocular elongation. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the molecular network involved in ocular axial growth and support a role for molecular crosstalk between the retina and RPE involved in refractive development. During ocular refractive development, the eye’s growth is modulated, such that the ocular axial length matches the optical power enabling the eyes to achieve optimal focus. Alterations in ocular growth mainly contribute to refractive errors. Mutations in human PRSS56 and MFRP are responsible for nanophthalmos that exhibit a severe reduction in ocular axial length, and high hyperopia. Importantly, mutant mouse models lacking either Müller glia expressed PRSS56, or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) localized MFRP exhibit ocular axial length reduction. Here, we have identified Adamts19 as a factor whose levels were significantly upregulated in the retina of mice lacking either Prss56 or Mfrp. Importantly, utilizing Adamts19 knockout mice we demonstrate that upregulation of retinal Adamts19 expression constitutes a compensatory mechanism that provides partial protection against ocular axial reduction due to mutation in Prss56 and Mfrp. Next, utilizing a mouse model of early-onset myopia, we demonstrate that the mutant Irbp induced ocular axial elongation is completely dependent on Prss56 as well as Mfrp, suggesting an interplay between Müller glia and RPE in the regulation of ocular axial growth. Collectively, these findings suggest that ocular refractive development relies on complex interactions occurring between genetic factors in the retina and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanand Koli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Seyyedhassan Paylakhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - K. Saidas Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Halfter W, Moes S, Halfter K, Schoenenberger MS, Monnier CA, Kalita J, Asgeirsson D, Binggeli T, Jenoe P, Scholl HPN, Henrich PB. The human Descemet's membrane and lens capsule: Protein composition and biomechanical properties. Exp Eye Res 2020; 201:108326. [PMID: 33147472 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Descemet's membrane (DM) and the lens capsule (LC) are two ocular basement membranes (BMs) that are essential in maintaining stability and structure of the cornea and lens. In this study, we investigated the proteomes and biomechanical properties of these two materials to uncover common and unique properties. We also screened for possible protein changes during diabetes. LC-MS/MS was used to determine the proteomes of both BMs. Biomechanical measurements were conducted by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in force spectroscopy mode, and complemented with immunofluorescence microscopy. Proteome analysis showed that all six existing collagen IV chains represent 70% of all LC-protein, and are thus the dominant components of the LC. The DM on the other hand is predominantly composed of a single protein, TGF-induced protein, which accounted for around 50% of all DM-protein. Four collagen IV-family members in DM accounted for only 10% of the DM protein. Unlike the retinal vascular BMs, the LC and DM do not undergo significant changes in their protein compositions during diabetes. Nanomechanical measurements showed that the endothelial/epithelial sides of both BMs are stiffer than their respective stromal/anterior-chamber sides, and both endothelial and stromal sides of the DM were stiffer than the epithelial and anterior-chamber sides of the LC. Long-term diabetes did not change the stiffness of the DM and LC. In summary, our analyses show that the protein composition and biomechanical properties of the DM and LC are different, i.e., the LC is softer than DM despite a significantly higher concentration of collagen IV family members. This finding is unexpected, as collagen IV members are presumed to be responsible for BM stiffness. Diabetes had no significant effect on the protein composition and the biomechanical properties of both the DM and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Halfter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Suzette Moes
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kathrin Halfter
- Munich Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Maximilian University Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | - Joanna Kalita
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daphne Asgeirsson
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Paul Jenoe
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Switzerland; Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA.
| | - Paul Bernhard Henrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
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13
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Randles MJ, Lausecker F, Humphries JD, Byron A, Clark SJ, Miner JH, Zent R, Humphries MJ, Lennon R. Basement membrane ligands initiate distinct signalling networks to direct cell shape. Matrix Biol 2020; 90:61-78. [PMID: 32147508 PMCID: PMC7327512 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells have evolved mechanisms to sense the composition of their adhesive microenvironment. Although much is known about general mechanisms employed by adhesion receptors to relay signals between the extracellular environment and the cytoskeleton, the nuances of ligand-specific signalling remain undefined. Here, we investigated how glomerular podocytes, and four other basement membrane-associated cell types, respond morphologically to different basement membrane ligands. We defined the composition of the respective adhesion complexes using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. On type IV collagen, all epithelial cell types adopted a round morphology, with a single lamellipodium and large adhesion complexes rich in actin-binding proteins. On laminin (511 or 521), all cell types attached to a similar degree but were polygonal in shape with small adhesion complexes enriched in endocytic and microtubule-binding proteins. Consistent with their distinctive morphologies, cells on type IV collagen exhibited high Rac1 activity, while those on laminin had elevated PKCα. Perturbation of PKCα was able to interchange morphology consistent with a key role for this pathway in matrix ligand-specific signalling. Therefore, this study defines the switchable basement membrane adhesome and highlights two key signalling pathways within the systems that determine distinct cell morphologies. Proteomic data are availableviaProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017913.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Randles
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon J Clark
- Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany; The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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14
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van Huizen NA, Ijzermans JNM, Burgers PC, Luider TM. Collagen analysis with mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:309-335. [PMID: 31498911 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based techniques can be applied to investigate collagen with respect to identification, quantification, supramolecular organization, and various post-translational modifications. The continuous interest in collagen research has led to a shift from techniques to analyze the physical characteristics of collagen to methods to study collagen abundance and modifications. In this review, we illustrate the potential of mass spectrometry for in-depth analyses of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick A van Huizen
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Ijzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Burgers
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Yan Y, Yu H, Sun L, Liu H, Wang C, Wei X, Song F, Li H, Ge H, Qian H, Li X, Tang X, Liu P. Laminin α4 overexpression in the anterior lens capsule may contribute to the senescence of human lens epithelial cells in age-related cataract. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2699-2723. [PMID: 31076560 PMCID: PMC6535067 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a leading cause of age-related cataract (ARC). The current study indicated that the senescence-associated protein, p53, total laminin (LM), LMα4, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) in the cataractous anterior lens capsules (ALCs) increase with the grades of ARC. In cataractous ALCs, patient age, total LM, LMα4, TGF-β1, were all positively correlated with p53. In lens epithelial cell (HLE B-3) senescence models, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) alleviated senescence by decreasing the expression of total LM and LMα4; TGF-β1 induced senescence by increasing the expression of total LM and LMα4. Furthermore, MMP-9 silencing increased p-p38 and LMα4 expression; anti-LMα4 globular domain antibody alleviated senescence by decreasing the expression of p-p38 and LMα4; pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling alleviated senescence by decreasing the expression of LMα4. Finally, in cataractous ALCs, positive correlations were found between LMα4 and total LM, as well as between LMα4 and TGF-β1. Taken together, our results implied that the elevated LMα4, which was possibly caused by the decreased MMP-9, increased TGF-β1 and activated p38 MAPK signaling during senescence, leading to the development of ARC. LMα4 and its regulatory factors show potential as targets for drug development for prevention and treatment of ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Liyao Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hanruo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fanqian Song
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xianling Tang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
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16
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Spadaro A, Rao M, Lorenti M, Romano MR, Augello A, Eandi CM, Platania CBM, Drago F, Bucolo C. New Brilliant Blue G Derivative as Pharmacological Tool in Retinal Surgery. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:708. [PMID: 32523529 PMCID: PMC7261835 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study was aimed at assessing the retinal binding of a new synthetic Brilliant Blue G (BBG) derivative (pure benzyl-Brilliant Blue G; PBB) ophthalmic formulation, to improve vitreoretinal surgery procedure. Protein affinity of the new molecule was evaluated in vitro (cell-free assay) and in silico. Furthermore, an ex vivo model of vitreoretinal surgery was developed by using porcine eyes to assess the pharmacological profile of PBB, compared to commercial formulations based on BBG and methyl-BBG (Me-BBG). PBB showed a higher affinity for proteins (p < 0.05), compared to BBG and Me-BBG. In vitro and in silico studies demonstrated that the high selectivity of PBB could be related to high lipophilicity and binding affinity to fibronectin, the main component of the retinal internal limiting membrane (ILM). The PBB staining capabilities were evaluated in porcine eyes in comparison with BBG and Me-BBG. Forty microliters of each formulation were slowly placed over the retinal surface and removed after 30 s. After that, ILM peeling was carried out, and the retina collected. BBG, Me-BBG, and PBB quantification in ILM and retina tissues was carried out by HPLC analysis. PBB levels in the ILM were significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to BBG and Me-BBG formulations. On the contrary, PBB showed a much lower (p < 0.05) distribution in retina (52 ng/mg tissue) compared to BBG and Me-BBG, in particular PBB levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower. Therefore, the new synthetic Brilliant Blue derivative (PBB) showed a great ILM selectivity in comparison to underneath retinal layers. In conclusion, these findings had high translational impact with a tangible improving in ex vivo model of retinal surgery, suggesting a future use during surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Spadaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Rao
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Miriam Lorenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Augello
- Section of Hygiene and Food of Animal Origin (SIAOA - UFCM), Department of Veterinary Prevention, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale (ASP - CT), Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Eandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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17
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Goto K, Naito K, Nakamura S, Nagura N, Sugiyama Y, Obata H, Kaneko A, Kaneko K. Protective mechanism against age-associated changes in the peripheral nerves. Life Sci 2020; 253:117744. [PMID: 32371065 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Senescence is the normal decline in physiological functions due to aging that results in cell dysfunction. However, age-associated changes in peripheral nerves have not been elucidated. We observed histological changes in the sciatic nerves of young and older mice to investigate how peripheral nerves changed with age, and we evaluated protective mechanisms of peripheral nerves against aging. MAIN METHODS Sciatic nerves were collected from female C57BL/6 mice at the ages of 8 weeks (young group) and 78 weeks (aged group) and examined histologically. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, the number and density of sciatic nerve axons were evaluated. Through immunofluorescence staining, the expression of nerve-specific proteins, oxidative stress markers, and a neuronal aging marker (REST/NRSF) were investigated, and the intensity of fluorescence was quantified. The differences between the groups were assessed, and age-associated peripheral nerve changes were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. KEY FINDINGS Although the number and density of axons did not differ significantly between the groups, they were lower in the aged group than in the young group. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of each marker did not differ significantly between the groups, but the expression of REST/NRSF alone was significantly higher in the aged group than in the young group (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE This study suggested that peripheral nerve functions are preserved by the expression of REST/NRSF, which increases with age. Because oxidative stress did not change, the protective effects of REST/NRSF are considered to be related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Goto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Naito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nana Nagura
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Obata
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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18
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Duan P, Chen S, Zeng Y, Xu H, Liu Y. Osteopontin Upregulates Col IV Expression by Repressing miR-29a in Human Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:242-251. [PMID: 32182570 PMCID: PMC7078126 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM), especially collagen type IV (Col IV), in human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs) and resultant basement membrane (BM) thickening is the most prominent and characteristic feature of early diabetic retinopathy (DR). Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR and specifically, found to be critically involved in diabetic nephropathy, as it can upregulate many factors, like collagen IV. However, the precise role of OPN in the pathogenesis of DR and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 51 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs; 42 miRNAs upregulated and 9 miRNAs downregulated) were first identified in retina of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with DR. Among these miRNAs, we identified miRNA (miR)-29a as a prominent miRNA that targeted and directly downregulated Col IV expression through database prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assay, which was further confirmed in HRCECs using miR-29a mimic, miR-29a inhibitor, and pre-miR-29a transfection. Furthermore, OPN upregulated Col IV expression via a miR-29a-repressed pathway in HRCECs. Taken together, these results provided a miR-29a-repressing mechanism through which OPN plays roles in abnormal synthesis of Col IV in HRCECs and resultant BM thickening, contributing to the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Duan
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Amy Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Amy Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Amy Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Amy Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Amy Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China.
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19
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Shao X, Taha IN, Clauser KR, Gao Y(T, Naba A. MatrisomeDB: the ECM-protein knowledge database. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:D1136-D1144. [PMID: 31586405 PMCID: PMC6943062 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic meshwork of cross-linked proteins that supports cell polarization and functions and tissue organization and homeostasis. Over the past few decades, mass-spectrometry-based proteomics has emerged as the method of choice to characterize the composition of the ECM of normal and diseased tissues. Here, we present a new release of MatrisomeDB, a searchable collection of curated proteomic data from 17 studies on the ECM of 15 different normal tissue types, six cancer types (different grades of breast cancers, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and insulinoma) and other diseases including vascular defects and lung and liver fibroses. MatrisomeDB (http://www.pepchem.org/matrisomedb) was built by retrieving raw mass spectrometry data files and reprocessing them using the same search parameters and criteria to allow for a more direct comparison between the different studies. The present release of MatrisomeDB includes 847 human and 791 mouse ECM proteoforms and over 350 000 human and 600 000 mouse ECM-derived peptide-to-spectrum matches. For each query, a hierarchically-clustered tissue distribution map, a peptide coverage map, and a list of post-translational modifications identified, are generated. MatrisomeDB is the most complete collection of ECM proteomic data to date and allows the building of a comprehensive ECM atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Shao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Isra N Taha
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Yu (Tom) Gao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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20
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Davis MN, Horne-Badovinac S, Naba A. In-silico definition of the Drosophila melanogaster matrisome. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 4:100015. [PMID: 33543012 PMCID: PMC7852309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an assembly of hundreds of proteins that structurally supports the cells it surrounds and biochemically regulates their functions. Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful model organism to study fundamental mechanisms underlying ECM protein secretion, ECM assembly, and ECM roles in pathophysiological processes. However, as of today, we do not possess a well-defined list of the components forming the ECM of this organism. We previously reported the development of computational pipelines to define the matrisome - the ensemble of genes encoding ECM and ECM-associated proteins - of humans, mice, zebrafish and C. elegans. Using a similar approach, we report here that our pipeline has identified 641 genes constituting the Drosophila matrisome. We further classify these genes into different structural and functional categories, including an expanded way to classify genes encoding proteins forming apical ECMs. We illustrate how having a comprehensive list of Drosophila matrisome proteins can be used to annotate large proteomic datasets and identify unsuspected roles for the ECM in pathophysiological processes. Last, to aid the dissemination and usage of the proposed definition and categorization of the Drosophila matrisome by the scientific community, our list has been made available through three public portals: The Matrisome Project (http://matrisome.org), The FlyBase (https://flybase.org/), and GLAD (https://www.flyrnai.org/tools/glad/web/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N. Davis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sally Horne-Badovinac
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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21
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Wang Y, Lan C, Liao X, Chen D, Song W, Zhang Q. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide potentially attenuates diabetic retinal injury in a diabetic rat model. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:915-924. [PMID: 30426692 PMCID: PMC6626950 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To investigate the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) on the retina in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control, control model (meaning diabetes mellitus), and diabetes mellitus with PSP intervention of high, medium and low doses groups. The difference of retinal vascularization between groups was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran perfusion. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining was used to assess apoptosis in the retinal ganglion cells; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were utilized to evaluate the expression of Bcl2-associated X protein, B-cell lymphoma-2 factor, epidermal growth factor, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor at the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein level. RESULTS Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran perfusion showed retinal vascular anomaly in diabetes mellitus rats, but vascular tortuosity and leakage were relatively alleviated after PSP intervention. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining showed numerous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive retinal cells in the diabetes mellitus group, which then were reduced by PSP treatment. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that PSP intervention decreased Bcl2-associated X protein, epidermal growth factor, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β messenger ribonucleic acid expression, but increased B-cell lymphoma-2 factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression. Western blot showed that PSP intervention upregulated the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 factor, and downregulated the expression of Bcl2-associated X protein, epidermal growth factor, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β proteins. CONCLUSIONS Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide shows a protective effect against diabetes-induced retinal injury in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of action deserves further study and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of OphthalmologyAffiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
- Department of OptometryInstitute of Optometry of Taishan Medical UniversityTaishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Changjun Lan
- Department of OphthalmologyAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Xuan Liao
- Department of OphthalmologyAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Di Chen
- Department of OphthalmologyAffiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
- Department of OptometryInstitute of Optometry of Taishan Medical UniversityTaishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Wengang Song
- Life Science Research CenterTaishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Qiuling Zhang
- Life Science Research CenterTaishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
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22
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Chen L, Wei Y, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Chi W, Gong L, Jiang X, Zhang S. Morphologic, Biomechanical, and Compositional Features of the Internal Limiting Membrane in Pathologic Myopic Foveoschisis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5569-5578. [PMID: 30480705 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate alterations in the morphologic, compositional, and biomechanical properties of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in pathologic myopic foveoschisis (MF) eyes. Methods ILM specimens were peeled from 61 eyes with MF and 56 eyes with stage III/IV idiopathic macular hole (IMH) as a control. Samples were analyzed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and atomic force microscopy. ILM characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results TEM findings revealed that thickness of the MF ILMs significantly decreased compared with that of IMH ILMs (0.753 ± 0.215 vs. 1.894 ± 0.247 μm; P < 0.0001). The vitreal side stiffness of the MF ILMs was markedly higher than that of the IMH ILMs (3.520 ± 0.803 vs. 0.879 ± 0.230 MPa, P < 0.0001). Comparing with the IMH group, collagen IV exhibited decreased concentration and different immunofluorescence distribution in ILMs of MF eyes, so also protein α3 (IV), α4 (IV), and α5 (IV). The immunofluorescence staining results showed that astrocytes were observed in none of the IMH eyes and in 12 of 16 MF eyes (75%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions These alterations in the MF ILMs appear to be associated with Müller cell and astrocyte reactive gliosis. The present findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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23
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Peynshaert K, Devoldere J, Minnaert AK, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Morphology and Composition of the Inner Limiting Membrane: Species-Specific Variations and Relevance toward Drug Delivery Research. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:465-475. [PMID: 30638413 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1565890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The inner limiting membrane (ILM) represents the structural boundary between the vitreous and the retina, and is suggested to act as a barrier for a wide range of retinal therapies. While it is widely acknowledged that the morphology of the human ILM exhibits regional variations and undergoes age-related changes, insight into its structure in laboratory animals is very limited. Besides presenting a detailed overview of the morphology and composition of the human ILM, this review specifically reflects on the species-specific differences in ILM structure. With these differences in mind, we furthermore summarize the most relevant reports on the barrier role of the ILM with regard to viral vectors, nanoparticles, anti-VEGF medication and stem cells. Overall, this review aims to deliberate on the impact of species-specific ILM variations on drug delivery research as well as to pinpoint knowledge gaps which future basic research should resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Peynshaert
- a Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Joke Devoldere
- a Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - An-Katrien Minnaert
- a Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- a Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- a Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
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24
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Wolfstetter G, Dahlitz I, Pfeifer K, Töpfer U, Alt JA, Pfeifer DC, Lakes-Harlan R, Baumgartner S, Palmer RH, Holz A. Characterization of Drosophila Nidogen/ entactin reveals roles in basement membrane stability, barrier function and nervous system patterning. Development 2019; 146:dev.168948. [PMID: 30567930 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly composed of Laminin, type IV Collagen, Perlecan and Nidogen/entactin (NDG). Recent in vivo studies challenged the initially proposed role of NDG as a major ECM linker molecule by revealing dispensability for viability and BM formation. Here, we report the characterization of the single Ndg gene in Drosophila. Embryonic Ndg expression was primarily observed in mesodermal tissues and the chordotonal organs, whereas NDG protein localized to all BMs. Although loss of Laminin strongly affected BM localization of NDG, Ndg-null mutants exhibited no overt changes in the distribution of BM components. Although Drosophila Ndg mutants were viable, loss of NDG led to ultrastructural BM defects that compromised barrier function and stability in vivo Moreover, loss of NDG impaired larval crawling behavior and reduced responses to vibrational stimuli. Further morphological analysis revealed accompanying defects in the larval peripheral nervous system, especially in the chordotonal organs and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Taken together, our analysis suggests that NDG is not essential for BM assembly but mediates BM stability and ECM-dependent neural plasticity during Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wolfstetter
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Institut für Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Allgemeine Zoologie und Entwicklungsbiologie, Stephanstraße 24, 35390 Gießen, Germany.,The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medicinaregatan 9A, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ina Dahlitz
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Institut für Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Allgemeine Zoologie und Entwicklungsbiologie, Stephanstraße 24, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Pfeifer
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medicinaregatan 9A, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Uwe Töpfer
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Institut für Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Allgemeine Zoologie und Entwicklungsbiologie, Stephanstraße 24, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Joscha Arne Alt
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Institut für Tierphysiologie, Integrative Sinnesphysiologie, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Daniel Christoph Pfeifer
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Institut für Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Allgemeine Zoologie und Entwicklungsbiologie, Stephanstraße 24, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lakes-Harlan
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Institut für Tierphysiologie, Integrative Sinnesphysiologie, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefan Baumgartner
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, BMC D10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medicinaregatan 9A, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Holz
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Institut für Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Allgemeine Zoologie und Entwicklungsbiologie, Stephanstraße 24, 35390 Gießen, Germany
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25
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Marchand M, Monnot C, Muller L, Germain S. Extracellular matrix scaffolding in angiogenesis and capillary homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 89:147-156. [PMID: 30165150 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of blood vessels, which is composed of both the vascular basement membrane (BM) and the interstitial ECM is identified as a crucial component of the vasculature. We here focus on the unique molecular composition and scaffolding of the capillary ECM, which provides structural support to blood vessels and regulates properties of endothelial cells and pericytes. The major components of the BM are collagen IV, laminins, heparan sulfate proteoglycans and nidogen and also associated proteins such as collagen XVIII and fibronectin. Their organization and scaffolding in the BM is required for proper capillary morphogenesis and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. The BM also regulates vascular mechanosensing. A better understanding of the mechanical and structural properties of the vascular BM and interstitial ECM therefore opens new perspectives to control physiological and pathological angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. The overall aim of this review is to explain how ECM scaffolding influences angiogenesis and capillary integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Marchand
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Monnot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.
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26
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Drewry MD, Challa P, Kuchtey JG, Navarro I, Helwa I, Hu Y, Mu H, Stamer WD, Kuchtey RW, Liu Y. Differentially expressed microRNAs in the aqueous humor of patients with exfoliation glaucoma or primary open-angle glaucoma. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:1263-1275. [PMID: 29401312 PMCID: PMC6048986 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) have been linked to decreased conventional outflow of aqueous humor (AH). To better understand the molecular changes in the AH content under such conditions, we analyzed the miRNA profiles of AH samples from patients with POAG and XFG compared to non-glaucoma controls. Individual AH samples (n = 76) were collected from POAG and XFG patients and age-matched controls during surgical procedure. After RNA extraction, the miRNA profiles were individually determined in 12 POAG, 12 XFG and 11 control samples. We identified 205, 295 and 195 miRNAs in the POAG, XFG and control samples, respectively. Our differential expression analysis identified three miRNAs (miR-125b-5p, miR-302d-3p and miR-451a) significantly different between POAG and controls, five miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-3144-3p, miR-320a, miR-320e and miR-630) between XFG and controls and one miRNA (miR-302d-3p) between POAG and XFG. While none of these miRNAs have been previously linked to glaucoma, miR-122-5p may target three glaucoma-associated genes: OPTN, TMCO1 and TGF-ß1. Pathway analysis revealed that these miRNAs are involved in potential glaucoma pathways, including focal adhesion, tight junctions, and TGF-ß signaling. Comparison of the miRNA profile in AH to unrelated human serum (n = 12) exposed potential relationships between these two fluids, although they were not significantly correlated. In summary, we have successfully profiled the miRNA expression without amplification in individual human AH samples and identified several POAG or XFG-associated miRNAs. These miRNAs may play a role in pathways previously implicated in glaucoma and act as biomarkers for disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Drewry
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Pratap Challa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John G Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Iris Navarro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Inas Helwa
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yanzhong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Henan University School of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hongmei Mu
- Kaifeng Key Lab of Cataract and Myopia, Institute of Eye Diseases, Kaifeng Centre Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel W Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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27
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Paylakhi S, Labelle-Dumais C, Tolman NG, Sellarole MA, Seymens Y, Saunders J, Lakosha H, deVries WN, Orr AC, Topilko P, John SWM, Nair KS. Müller glia-derived PRSS56 is required to sustain ocular axial growth and prevent refractive error. PLoS Genet 2018. [PMID: 29529029 PMCID: PMC5864079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A mismatch between optical power and ocular axial length results in refractive errors. Uncorrected refractive errors constitute the most common cause of vision loss and second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Although the retina is known to play a critical role in regulating ocular growth and refractive development, the precise factors and mechanisms involved are poorly defined. We have previously identified a role for the secreted serine protease PRSS56 in ocular size determination and PRSS56 variants have been implicated in the etiology of both hyperopia and myopia, highlighting its importance in refractive development. Here, we use a combination of genetic mouse models to demonstrate that Prss56 mutations leading to reduced ocular size and hyperopia act via a loss of function mechanism. Using a conditional gene targeting strategy, we show that PRSS56 derived from Müller glia contributes to ocular growth, implicating a new retinal cell type in ocular size determination. Importantly, we demonstrate that persistent activity of PRSS56 is required during distinct developmental stages spanning the pre- and post-eye opening periods to ensure optimal ocular growth. Thus, our mouse data provide evidence for the existence of a molecule contributing to both the prenatal and postnatal stages of human ocular growth. Finally, we demonstrate that genetic inactivation of Prss56 rescues axial elongation in a mouse model of myopia caused by a null mutation in Egr1. Overall, our findings identify PRSS56 as a potential therapeutic target for modulating ocular growth aimed at preventing or slowing down myopia, which is reaching epidemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyedhassan Paylakhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas G Tolman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Sellarole
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yusef Seymens
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Saunders
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Hesham Lakosha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wilhelmine N. deVries
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Orr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Piotr Topilko
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Simon WM. John
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - K. Saidas Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Yan Y, Qian H, Jiang H, Yu H, Sun L, Wei X, Sun Y, Ge H, Zhou H, Li X, Hashimoto T, Tang X, Liu P. Laminins in an in vitro anterior lens capsule model established using HLE B-3 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5726-5733. [PMID: 29436687 PMCID: PMC5866015 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are the most common eye disease to cause blindness in patients. The abnormal deposition of laminins (LMs) in the lens capsule and the disruption of capsular epithelium contribute to cataract development, although the mechanism by which this occurs is currently unclear. The present study aimed to reproduce HLE B-3 basement membranes (BMs) using HLE B-3 cells and to analyze the similarities of LM expression between HLE B-3 BMs and human anterior lens capsule (ALC). Immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation (IP)-western blot analysis were used to detect total LMs, LM trimers and 11 LM subunits in HLE B-3 cells, HLE B-3 BMs and human ALCs. In IHC staining, HLE B-3 cells and human ALCs were positive for LMs. In LM ELISA, all samples analyzed were positive for LMs. Western blot analysis detected all LM subunits except for LMγ3 in HLE B-3 cell lysate, 4 subunits (LMα4, LMα2, LMα1 and LMγ1) in HLE B-3 cell culture supernatant, 5 subunits (LMα4, LMα2, LMα1, LMβ3 and LMγ1) in HLE B-3 BMs, and 3 subunits (LMα4, LMγ2 and LMγ1) in human ALCs. The results of IP-western blot analysis revealed that the LM411 trimer was detected in HLE B-3 cell culture supernatant. These results indicated that HLE B-3 BMs were similar to human ALCs in terms of LM expression. Therefore, HLE B-3 BMs could be used as an in vitro ALC model to determine the role of LMs in ALC in the pathogenesis of cataracts and to select potential anti-cataract drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Qian
- Academician Workstation, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hongda Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Liyao Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wei
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yunduan Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Haizhou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Academician Workstation, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545‑8585, Japan
| | - Xianling Tang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Halfter W, Moes S, Asgeirsson DO, Halfter K, Oertle P, Melo Herraiz E, Plodinec M, Jenoe P, Henrich PB. Diabetes-related changes in the protein composition and the biomechanical properties of human retinal vascular basement membranes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189857. [PMID: 29284024 PMCID: PMC5746242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized sheets of extracellular matrix that outline epithelial cell layers, muscle fibers, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves. A well-documented histological hallmark of progressing diabetes is a major increase in vascular BM thickness. In order to investigate whether this structural change is accompanied by a change in the protein composition, we compared the proteomes of retinal vascular BMs from diabetic and non-diabetic donors by using LC-MS/MS. Data analysis showed that seventeen extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins were more abundant in diabetic than non-diabetic vascular BMs. Four ECM proteins were more abundant in non-diabetic than in diabetic BMs. Most of the over-expressed proteins implicate a complement-mediated chronic inflammatory process in the diabetic retinal vasculature. We also found an up-regulation of norrin, a protein that is known to promote vascular proliferation, possibly contributing to the vascular remodeling during diabetes. Many of the over-expressed proteins were localized to microvascular aneurisms. Further, the overall stoichiometry of proteins was changed, such that the relative abundance of collagens in BMs from diabetic patients was higher than normal. Biomechanical measurements of vascular BM flat mounts using AFM showed that their outer surface was softer than normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Halfter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzette Moes
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daphne O. Asgeirsson
- Biocenter and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Halfter
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Oertle
- Biocenter and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther Melo Herraiz
- Biocenter and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marija Plodinec
- Biocenter and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jenoe
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Carreon TA, Edwards G, Wang H, Bhattacharya SK. Segmental outflow of aqueous humor in mouse and human. Exp Eye Res 2017; 158:59-66. [PMID: 27498226 PMCID: PMC5290258 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The main and only modifiable risk factor in glaucoma, the group of usually late onset progressive and irreversible blinding optic neuropathies, is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The increase in IOP is due to impeded aqueous humor (AH) outflow through the conventional pathway. The aberrant increased resistance at the trabecular meshwork (TM), the filter-like region in the anterior eye chamber is the major contributory factor in causing the impeded outflow. In normal as well as in glaucoma eyes the regions of the TM are divided into areas of high and low flow. The collector channels and distal outflow regions are now increasingly being recognized as potential players in contributing to impede AH outflow. Structural and molecular make-up contributing to the segmental blockage to outflow is likely to provide greater insight. Establishing segmental blockage to outflow in model systems of glaucoma such as the mouse in parallel to human eyes will expand our repertoire of tools for investigation. Further study into this area of interest has the potential to ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutics focused on lowering IOP by targeting the various components of segmental blockage of outflow in the TM and in the distal outflow region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia A Carreon
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Genea Edwards
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Carreon T, van der Merwe E, Fellman RL, Johnstone M, Bhattacharya SK. Aqueous outflow - A continuum from trabecular meshwork to episcleral veins. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 57:108-133. [PMID: 28028002 PMCID: PMC5350024 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In glaucoma, lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) confers neuroprotection. Elevated IOP characterizes glaucoma and arises from impaired aqueous humor (AH) outflow. Increased resistance in the trabecular meshwork (TM), a filter-like structure essential to regulate AH outflow, may result in the impaired outflow. Flow through the 360° circumference of TM structures may be non-uniform, divided into high and low flow regions, termed as segmental. After flowing through the TM, AH enters Schlemm's canal (SC), which expresses both blood and lymphatic markers; AH then passes into collector channel entrances (CCE) along the SC external well. From the CCE, AH enters a deep scleral plexus (DSP) of vessels that typically run parallel to SC. From the DSP, intrascleral collector vessels run radially to the scleral surface to connect with AH containing vessels called aqueous veins to discharge AH to blood-containing episcleral veins. However, the molecular mechanisms that maintain homeostatic properties of endothelial cells along the pathways are not well understood. How these molecular events change during aging and in glaucoma pathology remain unresolved. In this review, we propose mechanistic possibilities to explain the continuum of AH outflow control, which originates at the TM and extends through collector channels to the episcleral veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia Carreon
- Department of Ophthalmology & Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Elizabeth van der Merwe
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Murray Johnstone
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmology & Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, USA.
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Randles MJ, Humphries MJ, Lennon R. Proteomic definitions of basement membrane composition in health and disease. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:12-28. [PMID: 27553508 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes are formed from condensed networks of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. These structures underlie all epithelial, mesothelial and endothelial sheets and provide an essential structural scaffold. Candidate-based investigations have established that predominant components of basement membranes are laminins, collagen type IV, nidogens and heparan sulphate proteoglycans. More recently, global proteomic approaches have been applied to investigate ECM and these analyses confirm tissue-specific ECM proteomes with a high degree of complexity. The proteomes consist of structural as well as regulatory ECM proteins such as proteases and growth factors. This review is focused on the proteomic analysis of basement membranes and illustrates how this approach can be used to build our understanding of ECM regulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Randles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK.
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33
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Heljasvaara R, Aikio M, Ruotsalainen H, Pihlajaniemi T. Collagen XVIII in tissue homeostasis and dysregulation - Lessons learned from model organisms and human patients. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:55-75. [PMID: 27746220 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collagen XVIII is a ubiquitous basement membrane (BM) proteoglycan produced in three tissue-specific isoforms that differ in their N-terminal non-collagenous sequences, but share collagenous and C-terminal non-collagenous domains. The collagenous domain provides flexibility to the large collagen XVIII molecules on account of multiple interruptions in collagenous sequences. Each isoform has a complex multi-domain structure that endows it with an ability to perform various biological functions. The long isoform contains a frizzled-like (Fz) domain with Wnt-inhibiting activity and a unique domain of unknown function (DUF959), which is also present in the medium isoform. All three isoforms share an N-terminal laminin-G-like/thrombospondin-1 sequence whose specific functions still remain unconfirmed. The proteoglycan nature of the isoforms further increases the functional diversity of collagen XVIII. An anti-angiogenic domain termed endostatin resides in the C-terminus of collagen XVIII and is proteolytically cleaved from the parental molecule during the BM breakdown for example in the process of tumour progression. Recombinant endostatin can efficiently reduce tumour angiogenesis and growth in experimental models by inhibiting endothelial cell migration and proliferation or by inducing their death, but its efficacy against human cancers is still a subject of debate. Mutations in the COL18A1 gene result in Knobloch syndrome, a genetic disorder characterised mainly by severe eye defects and encephalocele and, occasionally, other symptoms. Studies with gene-modified mice have elucidated some aspects of this rare disease, highlighting in particular the importance of collagen XVIII in the development of the eye. Research with model organisms have also helped in determining other structural and biological functions of collagen XVIII, such as its requirement in the maintenance of BM integrity and its emerging roles in regulating cell survival, stem or progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation and inflammation. In this review, we summarise current knowledge on the properties and endogenous functions of collagen XVIII in normal situations and tissue dysregulation. When data is available, we discuss the functions of the distinct isoforms and their specific domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritva Heljasvaara
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Mari Aikio
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heli Ruotsalainen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
A major gap in our understanding of cell biology is how cells generate and interact with their surrounding extracellular matrix. Studying this problem during development has been particularly fruitful. Recent work on the basement membrane in developmental systems is transforming our view of this matrix from one of a static support structure to that of a dynamic scaffold that is regularly remodeled to actively shape tissues and direct cell behaviors.
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Col4a1 mutations cause progressive retinal neovascular defects and retinopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18602. [PMID: 26813606 PMCID: PMC4728690 DOI: 10.1038/srep18602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in collagen, type IV, alpha 1 (COL4A1), a major component of basement membranes, cause multisystem disorders in humans and mice. In the eye, these include anterior segment dysgenesis, optic nerve hypoplasia and retinal vascular tortuosity. Here we investigate the retinal pathology in mice carrying dominant-negative Col4a1 mutations. To this end, we examined retinas longitudinally in vivo using fluorescein angiography, funduscopy and optical coherence tomography. We assessed retinal function by electroretinography and studied the retinal ultrastructural pathology. Retinal examinations revealed serous chorioretinopathy, retinal hemorrhages, fibrosis or signs of pathogenic angiogenesis with chorioretinal anastomosis in up to approximately 90% of Col4a1 mutant eyes depending on age and the specific mutation. To identify the cell-type responsible for pathogenesis we generated a conditional Col4a1 mutation and determined that primary vascular defects underlie Col4a1-associated retinopathy. We also found focal activation of Müller cells and increased expression of pro-angiogenic factors in retinas from Col4a1(+/Δex41)mice. Together, our findings suggest that patients with COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations may be at elevated risk of retinal hemorrhages and that retinal examinations may be useful for identifying patients with COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations who are also at elevated risk of hemorrhagic strokes.
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Basak T, Vega-Montoto L, Zimmerman LJ, Tabb DL, Hudson BG, Vanacore RM. Comprehensive Characterization of Glycosylation and Hydroxylation of Basement Membrane Collagen IV by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:245-58. [PMID: 26593852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collagen IV is the main structural protein that provides a scaffold for assembly of basement membrane proteins. Posttranslational modifications such as hydroxylation of proline and lysine and glycosylation of lysine are essential for the functioning of collagen IV triple-helical molecules. These modifications are highly abundant posing a difficult challenge for in-depth characterization of collagen IV using conventional proteomics approaches. Herein, we implemented an integrated pipeline combining high-resolution mass spectrometry with different fragmentation techniques and an optimized bioinformatics workflow to study posttranslational modifications in mouse collagen IV. We achieved 82% sequence coverage for the α1 chain, mapping 39 glycosylated hydroxylysine, 148 4-hydroxyproline, and seven 3-hydroxyproline residues. Further, we employed our pipeline to map the modifications on human collagen IV and achieved 85% sequence coverage for the α1 chain, mapping 35 glycosylated hydroxylysine, 163 4-hydroxyproline, and 14 3-hydroxyproline residues. Although lysine glycosylation heterogeneity was observed in both mouse and human, 21 conserved sites were identified. Likewise, five 3-hydroxyproline residues were conserved between mouse and human, suggesting that these modification sites are important for collagen IV function. Collectively, these are the first comprehensive maps of hydroxylation and glycosylation sites in collagen IV, which lay the foundation for dissecting the key role of these modifications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trayambak Basak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lorenzo Vega-Montoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lisa J Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - David L Tabb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Roberto M Vanacore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Collin GB, Hubmacher D, Charette JR, Hicks WL, Stone L, Yu M, Naggert JK, Krebs MP, Peachey NS, Apte SS, Nishina PM. Disruption of murine Adamtsl4 results in zonular fiber detachment from the lens and in retinal pigment epithelium dedifferentiation. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6958-74. [PMID: 26405179 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gene mutations have revealed that a significant number of ADAMTS (a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motifs) proteins are necessary for normal ocular development and eye function. Mutations in human ADAMTSL4, encoding an ADAMTS-like protein which has been implicated in fibrillin microfibril biogenesis, cause ectopia lentis (EL) and EL et pupillae. Here, we report the first ADAMTSL4 mouse model, tvrm267, bearing a nonsense mutation in Adamtsl4. Homozygous Adamtsl4(tvrm267) mice recapitulate the EL phenotype observed in humans, and our analysis strongly suggests that ADAMTSL4 is required for stable anchorage of zonule fibers to the lens capsule. Unexpectedly, homozygous Adamtsl4(tvrm267) mice exhibit focal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects primarily in the inferior eye. RPE dedifferentiation was indicated by reduced pigmentation, altered cellular morphology and a reduction in RPE-specific transcripts. Finally, as with a subset of patients with ADAMTSL4 mutations, increased axial length, relative to age-matched controls, was observed and was associated with the severity of the RPE phenotype. In summary, the Adamtsl4(tvrm267) model provides a valuable tool to further elucidate the molecular basis of zonule formation, the pathophysiology of EL and ADAMTSL4 function in the maintenance of the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Stone
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Minzhong Yu
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and
| | | | | | - Neal S Peachey
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Halfter W, Oertle P, Monnier CA, Camenzind L, Reyes-Lua M, Hu H, Candiello J, Labilloy A, Balasubramani M, Henrich PB, Plodinec M. New concepts in basement membrane biology. FEBS J 2015; 282:4466-79. [PMID: 26299746 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are thin sheets of extracellular matrix that outline epithelia, muscle fibers, blood vessels and peripheral nerves. The current view of BM structure and functions is based mainly on transmission electron microscopy imaging, in vitro protein binding assays, and phenotype analysis of human patients, mutant mice and invertebrata. Recently, MS-based protein analysis, biomechanical testing and cell adhesion assays with in vivo derived BMs have led to new and unexpected insights. Proteomic analysis combined with ultrastructural studies showed that many BMs undergo compositional and structural changes with advancing age. Atomic force microscopy measurements in combination with phenotype analysis have revealed an altered mechanical stiffness that correlates with specific BM pathologies in mutant mice and human patients. Atomic force microscopy-based height measurements strongly suggest that BMs are more than two-fold thicker than previously estimated, providing greater freedom for modelling the large protein polymers within BMs. In addition, data gathered using BMs extracted from mutant mice showed that laminin has a crucial role in BM stability. Finally, recent evidence demonstrate that BMs are bi-functionally organized, leading to the proposition that BM-sidedness contributes to the alternating epithelial and stromal tissue arrangements that are found in all metazoan species. We propose that BMs are ancient structures with tissue-organizing functions and were essential in the evolution of metazoan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Halfter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Oertle
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe A Monnier
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leon Camenzind
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magaly Reyes-Lua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Huaiyu Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Upstate University Hospital, SUNY University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marija Plodinec
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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Naba A, Clauser KR, Ding H, Whittaker CA, Carr SA, Hynes RO. The extracellular matrix: Tools and insights for the "omics" era. Matrix Biol 2015; 49:10-24. [PMID: 26163349 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 667] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental component of multicellular organisms that provides mechanical and chemical cues that orchestrate cellular and tissue organization and functions. Degradation, hyperproduction or alteration of the composition of the ECM cause or accompany numerous pathologies. Thus, a better characterization of ECM composition, metabolism, and biology can lead to the identification of novel prognostic and diagnostic markers and therapeutic opportunities. The development over the last few years of high-throughput ("omics") approaches has considerably accelerated the pace of discovery in life sciences. In this review, we describe new bioinformatic tools and experimental strategies for ECM research, and illustrate how these tools and approaches can be exploited to provide novel insights in our understanding of ECM biology. We also introduce a web platform "the matrisome project" and the database MatrisomeDB that compiles in silico and in vivo data on the matrisome, defined as the ensemble of genes encoding ECM and ECM-associated proteins. Finally, we present a first draft of an ECM atlas built by compiling proteomics data on the ECM composition of 14 different tissues and tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Naba
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Huiming Ding
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Barbara K. Ostrom Bioinformatics and Computing facility at the Swanson Biotechnology Center, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles A Whittaker
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Barbara K. Ostrom Bioinformatics and Computing facility at the Swanson Biotechnology Center, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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40
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Applying Proteomics to Investigate Extracellular Matrix in Health and Disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:171-96. [PMID: 26610914 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular composition of basement membranes (BMs) has traditionally been investigated by candidate-based approaches leading to the identification of key structural components as described in previous chapters. Laminins, collagen IV, nidogens, perlecan, and type XV/XVIII collagen are integral to BMs with isoforms showing tissue specificity. More recently the application of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has led to the discovery of many more structural and regulatory components of BMs and more broadly, extracellular matrix (ECM). These investigations have revealed tissue-specific signatures of between 100 and 150 ECM components, demonstrating the complexity of the extracellular niche. In addition to providing a structural scaffold for cells, ECM is a dynamic extracellular environment capable of regulating the physical properties of tissues. Global investigations of ECM with proteomics in turn enable systems level analyses and when applied to health and disease states these investigations provide insights into pathways regulating matrix dysregulation. This chapter focuses on the methods used to extract ECM and on the analysis of its composition using MS-based proteomics, and it provides examples of how these approaches have been used to investigate health and disease states.
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41
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Morrissey MA, Sherwood DR. An active role for basement membrane assembly and modification in tissue sculpting. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1661-8. [PMID: 25717004 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.168021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes are a dense, sheet-like form of extracellular matrix (ECM) that underlie epithelia and endothelia, and surround muscle, fat and Schwann cells. Basement membranes separate tissues and protect them from mechanical stress. Although traditionally thought of as a static support structure, a growing body of evidence suggests that dynamic basement membrane deposition and modification instructs coordinated cellular behaviors and acts mechanically to sculpt tissues. In this Commentary, we highlight recent studies that support the idea that far from being a passive matrix, basement membranes play formative roles in shaping tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A Morrissey
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Science Drive, Box 90388, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Science Drive, Box 90388, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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42
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Billings PC, Pacifici M. Interactions of signaling proteins, growth factors and other proteins with heparan sulfate: mechanisms and mysteries. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:272-80. [PMID: 26076122 PMCID: PMC4785798 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1045066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a component of cell surface and matrix-associated proteoglycans (HSPGs) that, collectively, play crucial roles in many physiologic processes including cell differentiation, organ morphogenesis and cancer. A key function of HS is to bind and interact with signaling proteins, growth factors, plasma proteins, immune-modulators and other factors. In doing so, the HS chains and HSPGs are able to regulate protein distribution, bio-availability and action on target cells and can also serve as cell surface co-receptors, facilitating ligand-receptor interactions. These proteins contain an HS/heparin-binding domain (HBD) that mediates their association and contacts with HS. HBDs are highly diverse in sequence and predicted structure, contain clusters of basic amino acids (Lys and Arg) and possess an overall net positive charge, most often within a consensus Cardin-Weintraub (CW) motif. Interestingly, other domains and residues are now known to influence protein-HS interactions, as well as interactions with other glycosaminoglycans, such as chondroitin sulfate. In this review, we provide a description and analysis of HBDs in proteins including amphiregulin, fibroblast growth factor family members, heparanase, sclerostin and hedgehog protein family members. We discuss HBD structural and functional features and important roles carried out by other protein domains, and also provide novel conformational insights into the diversity of CW motifs present in Sonic, Indian and Desert hedgehogs. Finally, we review progress in understanding the pathogenesis of a rare pediatric skeletal disorder, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME), characterized by HS deficiency and cartilage tumor formation. Advances in understanding protein-HS interactions will have broad implications for basic biology and translational medicine as well as for the development of HS-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Billings
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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