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Duan Z, Chen Y, Dou Y, Fan H, Wang J, Cong J, Sun H, Wang L. Plastic food? Energy compensation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after long-term exposure to polylactic acid biomicroplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133604. [PMID: 38280326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The extensive use of bio-based plastics has led to their widespread distribution in the environment. However, their long-term ecological impact on aquatic animals is not well understood. In this study, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 1000 items·L-1 of either polylactic acid (PLA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (MPs), for 90 days. PLA is a typical bio-based plastic, while PET is a typical petroleum-derived plastic. The abundances of PLA and PET MPs in fish intestines were 981 ± 66 and 671 ± 151 items per fish, respectively, indicating a greater amount of PLA MP residues than PET MPs. However, the inhibitory effect of PET on fish weight was 1.8 times higher than that of PLA, suggesting energy compensation in PLA-treated zebrafish. Proliferation of Lactobacillus was observed in the fish intestines of the PLA group, indicating increased utilization capacity of intestinal flora for lactic acid production during PLA degradation. Metabolomics showed that the tricarboxylic acid pathway was up-regulated in the PLA group compared with that in the PET group, providing evidence of energy compensation. However, more ingested PLA MPs caused more significant histological damage to fish intestines than PET MPs. Therefore, the ecological risks of bio-based plastics still require attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yizhuo Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuhang Dou
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Huiyu Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jiaoyue Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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2
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Cui C, Hong H, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Qiao CM, Zhao WJ, Zhao LP, Wu J, Quan W, Niu GY, Wu YB, Li CS, Cheng L, Hong Y, Shen YQ. Vancomycin Pretreatment on MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mice Exerts Neuroprotection by Suppressing Inflammation Both in Brain and Gut. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:72-89. [PMID: 35091889 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence implies that gut microbiota was involved in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of antibiotics pretreatment on the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice. In this study, vancomycin pretreatment was given by gavage once daily with either vancomycin or distilled water for 14 days to mice, then mice were administered with MPTP (20 mg/kg, i.p) for four times in one day to establish an acute PD model. Results show that vancomycin pretreatment significantly improved motor dysfunction of mice in pole and traction tests. Although vancomycin pretreatment had no effect on dopamine (DA) or the process of DA synthesis, it inhibited the metabolism of DA by suppressing the expression of striatal monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Furthermore, vancomycin pretreatment reduced the number of astrocytes and microglial cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to alleviate neuroinflammation, decreased the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/TNF-α signaling pathway in both brain and gut. Meanwhile, vancomycin pretreatment changed gut microbiome composition and the levels of fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The abundance of Akkermansia and Blautia increased significantly after vancomycin pretreatment, which might be related to inflammation and inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway. In summary, these results demonstrate that the variation of gut microbiota and its metabolites induced by vancomycin pretreatment might decrease dopamine metabolic rate and relieve inflammation in both gut and brain via the microbiota-gut-brain axis in MPTP-induced PD mice. The neuroprotection of vancomycin pretreatment on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice The alterations of gut microbiota and SCFAs induced by vancomycin pretreatment might not only improve motor dysfunction, but also decrease dopamine metabolism and relieve inflammation in both brain and gut via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway in MPTP-induced PD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cui
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Meng Qiao
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhao
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gu-Yu Niu
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wu
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao-Sheng Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Qin Shen
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Paz Del Socorro T, Tonneau M, Pasquier D, Chamaillard M. Short- and Long-term Repercussions of Vancomycin on Immune Surveillance and the Efficacy of Antitumor Treatments. Cancer J 2023; 29:98-101. [PMID: 36957980 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although antibiotic is a major contributor to shifts in the intestinal flora that may persist for up to several months after cessation, it is now increasingly recognized that its prescription may differentially influence clinical outcome of different anticancer treatments. Intense clinical and basic research efforts aim then at gaining sufficient insights about how the cooperative action between the intestinal ecosystem and immune surveillance modulates the efficacy of anticancer treatments. In this review, we summarize multiple levels of knowledge between vancomycin exposure, the gut microbiota, and a meaningful therapeutic response. Furthermore, we discuss the mode of action of antibiotic therapy that is prescribed for prophylaxis of bacteremia and neutropenia and outline the opportunity for judiciously improving the efficacy of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Tonneau
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret
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Newman TM, Clear KYJ, Wilson AS, Soto-Pantoja DR, Ochs-Balcom HM, Cook KL. Early-life dietary exposures mediate persistent shifts in the gut microbiome and visceral fat metabolism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C644-C657. [PMID: 35848617 PMCID: PMC9970661 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00380.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In utero dietary exposures are linked to the development of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. These dietary exposures can potentially impact gut microbial composition and offspring metabolic health. Female BALB/c mice were administered a lard, lard + flaxseed oil, high sugar, or control diet 4 wk before mating, throughout mating, pregnancy, and lactation. Female offspring were offered low-fat control diet at weaning. Fecal 16S sequencing was performed. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of adult female offspring. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine adipocyte size, VAT collagen deposition, and macrophage content. Hippurate was administered via weekly intraperitoneal injections to low-fat and high-fat diet-fed female mice and VAT fibrosis and collagen 1A (COL1A) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Lard diet exposure was associated with elevated body and VAT weight and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Lard + flaxseed oil attenuated these effects. Lard diet exposures were associated with increased adipocyte diameter and VAT macrophage count. Lard + flaxseed oil reduced adipocyte diameter and fibrosis compared with the lard diet. Hippurate-associated bacteria were influenced by lard versus lard + flax exposures that persisted to adulthood. VAT hippurate was increased in lard + flaxseed oil compared with lard diet. Hippurate supplementation mitigated VAT fibrosis pathology. Maternal high-fat lard diet consumption resulted in long-term metabolic and gut microbiome programming in offspring, impacting VAT inflammation and fibrosis, and was associated with reduced VAT hippurate content. These traits were not observed in maternal high-fat lard + flaxseed oil diet-exposed offspring. Hippurate supplementation reduced VAT fibrosis. These data suggest that detrimental effects of early-life high-fat lard diet exposure can be attenuated by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M. Newman
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kenysha Y. J. Clear
- 2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Adam S. Wilson
- 2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,3Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Heather M. Ochs-Balcom
- 4Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,3Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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5
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Zhang N, Wang J, Bakker W, Zheng W, Baccaro M, Murali A, van Ravenzwaay B, Rietjens IMCM. In vitro models to detect in vivo bile acid changes induced by antibiotics. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3291-3303. [PMID: 36074177 PMCID: PMC9584874 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bile acid homeostasis plays an important role in many biological activities through the bile-liver-gut axis. In this study, two in vitro models were applied to further elucidate the mode of action underlying reported in vivo bile acid changes induced by antibiotics (colistin sulfate, tobramycin, meropenem trihydrate, and doripenem hydrate). 16S rRNA analysis of rat fecal samples anaerobically incubated with these antibiotics showed that especially tobramycin induced changes in the gut microbiota. Furthermore, tobramycin was shown to inhibit the microbial deconjugation of taurocholic acid (TCA) and the transport of TCA over an in vitro Caco-2 cell layer used as a model to mimic intestinal bile acid reuptake. The effects induced by the antibiotics in the in vitro model systems provide novel and complementary insight explaining the effects of the antibiotics on microbiota and fecal bile acid levels upon 28-day in vivo treatment of rats. In particular, our results provide insight in the mode(s) of action underlying the increased levels of TCA in the feces upon tobramycin exposure. Altogether, the results of the present study provide a proof-of-principle on how in vitro models can be used to elucidate in vivo effects on bile acid homeostasis, and to obtain insight in the mode(s) of action underlying the effect of an antibiotic, in this case tobramycin, on bile acid homeostasis via effects on intestinal bile acid metabolism and reuptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zhang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Bakker
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Weijia Zheng
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Baccaro
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Wang Z, Li L, Wang S, Wei J, Qu L, Pan L, Xu K. The role of the gut microbiota and probiotics associated with microbial metabolisms in cancer prevention and therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025860. [PMID: 36452234 PMCID: PMC9702994 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of elevated mortality worldwide. Thus, the development of drugs and treatments is needed to enhance the survival rate of the cancer-affected population. Recently, gut microbiota research in the healthy development of the human body has garnered widespread attention. Many reports indicate that changes in the gut microbiota are strongly associated with chronic inflammation-related diseases, including colitis, liver disease, and cancer within the intestine and the extraintestinal tract. Different gut bacteria are vital in the occurrence and development of tumors within the gut and extraintestinal tract. The human gut microbiome has significant implications for human physiology, including metabolism, nutrient absorption, and immune function. Moreover, diet and lifestyle habits are involved in the evolution of the human microbiome throughout the lifetime of the host and are involved in drug metabolism. Probiotics are a functional food with a protective role in cancer development in animal models. Probiotics alter the gut microbiota in the host; thus, beneficial bacterial activity is stimulated, and detrimental activity is inhibited. Clinical applications have revealed that some probiotic strains could reduce the occurrence of postoperative inflammation among cancer patients. An association network was constructed by analyzing the previous literature to explore the role of probiotics from the anti-tumor perspective. Therefore, it provides direction and insights for research on tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanqing Li
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunshun Wang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Linghang Qu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianhong Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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7
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Zhang DD, Li HJ, Zhang HR, Ye XC. Poria cocos water-soluble polysaccharide modulates anxiety-like behavior induced by sleep deprivation by regulating the gut dysbiosis, metabolic disorders and TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:6648-6664. [PMID: 35642970 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00811d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos (P. cocos) has been traditionally used as folk medicine and functional food in China for more than 2000 years. The water-soluble polysaccharide is the main component of P. cocos decoction. The effects and mechanisms of the water-soluble polysaccharide from P. cocos (PCWP) were investigated in chronic sleep deprivation (CSD)-induced anxiety in rats. CSD induced anxiety, gut dysbiosis, and inflammatory responses, and reduced neurotransmitter levels, whereas PCWP intervention ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors, increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and γ-aminobutyric acid in the hypothalamus, regulated gastrointestinal peptide levels, reduced inflammatory factors, and inhibited the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in rats with CSD. The changes in the intestinal flora composition were determined using 16S rDNA sequencing, and indicated that PCWP significantly improved species richness and diversity in the intestinal flora of rats with anxiety, and adjusted the abundance of the following dysregulated bacteria closer to that of the normal group: Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcus, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Fusicatenibacter. Metabolomics was used to analyze fecal samples to identify significantly altered metabolites in the PCWP-treated groups. Thirty-eight PCWP-related metabolites and four metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism were explored. The results of serum metabolomics showed that 26 biomarkers were significantly changed after PCWP intervention compared with the model group. The regulatory effects of metabolic pathway enrichment on sphingolipid, phenylalanine, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and validation results showed that PCWP intervention regulated the activity of enzymes involved in the above metabolic pathways. A strong correlation between intestinal bacteria and potential biomarkers was found. Our findings present new evidence supporting the potential effect of PCWP in preventing the progression of anxiety by inhibiting the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway, alleviating metabolic disorders, and ameliorating the gut microflora imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Han-Rui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiao-Chuan Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Teng M, Zhao X, Wang C, Wang C, White JC, Zhao W, Zhou L, Duan M, Wu F. Polystyrene Nanoplastics Toxicity to Zebrafish: Dysregulation of the Brain-Intestine-Microbiota Axis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8190-8204. [PMID: 35507640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In animal species, the brain-gut axis is a complex bidirectional network between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) consisting of numerous microbial, immune, neuronal, and hormonal pathways that profoundly impact organism development and health. Although nanoplastics (NPs) have been shown to cause intestinal and neural toxicity in fish, the role of the neurotransmitter and intestinal microbiota interactions in the underlying mechanism of toxicity, particularly at environmentally relevant contaminant concentrations, remains unknown. Here, the effect of 44 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on the brain-intestine-microbe axis and embryo-larval development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) was investigated. Exposure to 1, 10, and 100 μg/L PS-NPs for 30 days inhibited growth and adversely affected inflammatory responses and intestinal permeability. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed an alteration of 42 metabolites involved in neurotransmission. The content of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC; dopamine metabolite formed by monoamine oxidase activity) was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner after PS-NP exposure. Changes in the 14 metabolites correlated with changes to 3 microbial groups, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, as compared to the control group. A significant relationship between Firmicutes and homovanillic acid (0.466, Pearson correlation coefficient) was evident. Eight altered metabolites (l-glutamine (Gln), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), l-cysteine (Cys), l-glutamic acid (Glu), norepinephrine (NE), and l-tryptophan (l-Trp)) had a negative relationship with Proteobacteria although histamine (His) and acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride) levels were positively correlated with Proteobacteria. An Associated Network analysis showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were highly correlated (0.969). Furthermore, PS-NPs accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract of offspring and impaired development of F1 (2 h post-fertilization) embryos, including reduced spontaneous movements, hatching rate, and length. This demonstration of transgenerational deficits is of particular concern. These findings suggest that PS-NPs cause intestinal inflammation, growth inhibition, and restricted development of zebrafish, which are strongly linked to the disrupted regulation within the brain-intestine-microbiota axis. Our study provides insights into how xenobiotics can disrupt the regulation of brain-intestine-microbiota and suggests that these end points should be taken into account when assessing environmental health risks of PS-NPs to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Wentian Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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9
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Evaluating Cefoperazone-Induced Gut Metabolic Functional Changes in MR1-Deficient Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050380. [PMID: 35629884 PMCID: PMC9146321 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are activated following the recognition of bacterial antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecule (MR1). Previous metagenomics data showed that MR1−/− knock-out (KO) mice had distinct microbiota and displayed a resistance to Clostridioides difficile (CDI) colonization vs. wild-type (WT) mice. In the present study, LC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics are applied to evaluate the changes in metabolic activities, in accordance with the changes in gut microbiota caused by cefoperazone (Cef) treatment. Adult C57Bl/6J WT and MR1−/− KO mice were given sterile drinking water or spiked with 0.5 mg/mL Cef ad libitum for five days. Fecal pellets were collected daily, and both small intestinal and cecal contents were harvested at sacrifice. The PLS-DA score plots of the metabolomic data indicate that the microbiota is relatively less disturbed by Cef treatment in KO mice, which is consistent with the metagenomics data. The most noticeable differences in the metabolome of KO and WT mice were the increases in carbohydrates in the WT mice, but not in the KO mice. Metabolic functional biomarkers were identified through the correlation analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and riboflavin. These detected metabolic functional biomarkers could provide information complementary to metagenomics data.
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10
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Anesi A, Berding K, Clarke G, Stanton C, Cryan JF, Caplice N, Ross RP, Doolan A, Vrhovsek U, Mattivi F. Metabolomic Workflow for the Accurate and High-Throughput Exploration of the Pathways of Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Human Biofluids. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1262-1275. [PMID: 35380444 PMCID: PMC9087329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of host and dietary metabolites by gut microbiota (GM) is important for maintaining correct host physiology and in the onset of various pathologies. An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the targeted quantitation in human plasma, serum, and urine of 89 metabolites resulting from human-GM cometabolism of dietary essential amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine as well as branched-chain amino acids. Ninety-six-well plate hybrid-SPE enables fast clean-up of plasma and serum. Urine was diluted and filtered. A 15 min cycle enabled the acquisition of 96 samples per day, with most of the metabolites stable in aqueous solution for up to 72 h. Calibration curves were specifically optimized to cover expected concentrations in biological fluids, and limits of detection were at the order of ppb. Matrix effects were in acceptable ranges, and analytical recoveries were in general greater than 80%. Inter and intraday precision and accuracy were satisfactory. We demonstrated its application in plasma and urine samples obtained from the same individual in the frame of an interventional study, allowing the quantitation of 51 metabolites. The method could be considered the reference for deciphering changes in human-gut microbial cometabolism in health and disease. Data are available via Metabolights with the identifier MTBLS4399.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Anesi
- Unit of Metabolomics, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Caplice
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Doolan
- Atlantia Food Clinical Trial, Blackpool, T23 R50R Cork, Ireland
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Unit of Metabolomics, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Unit of Metabolomics, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
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11
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Loo RL, Chan Q, Nicholson JK, Holmes E. Balancing the Equation: A Natural History of Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine- N-oxide. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:560-589. [PMID: 35142516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) and its N-oxide (TMAO) are ubiquitous in prokaryote and eukaryote organisms as well as in the environment, reflecting their fundamental importance in evolutionary biology, and their diverse biochemical functions. Both metabolites have multiple biological roles including cell-signaling. Much attention has focused on the significance of serum and urinary TMAO in cardiovascular disease risk, yet this is only one of the many facets of a deeper TMA-TMAO partnership that reflects the significance of these metabolites in multiple biological processes spanning animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi. We report on analytical methods for measuring TMA and TMAO and attempt to critically synthesize and map the global functions of TMA and TMAO in a systems biology framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey Leng Loo
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Metabolomics Insights into Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111190. [PMID: 34832973 PMCID: PMC8625096 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, complex relapsing disorder characterised by immune dysregulation, gut microbiota alteration, and disturbed intestinal permeability. The diagnosis and the management of IBD are challenging due to the recurrent nature and complex evolution of the disease. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD is still poorly understood. There is an unmet need for novel, reliable, and noninvasive tools for diagnosing and monitoring IBD. In addition, metabolomic profiles may provide a priori determination of optimal therapeutics and reveal novel targets for therapies. This review tries to gather scientific evidence to summarise the emerging contribution of metabolomics to elucidate the mechanisms underlying IBD and changes associated with disease phenotype and therapies, as well as to identify biomarkers with metabolic imbalance in those patients. Metabolite changes during health and disease could provide insights into the disease pathogenesis and the discovery of novel indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of IBD. Metabolomic studies in IBD have shown changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, amino-acid and fatty-acid metabolism, and oxidative pathways. Metabolomics has made progress towards identifying metabolic alterations that may provide clinically useful biomarkers and a deeper understanding of the disease. However, at present, there is insufficient evidence evaluating the predictive accuracy of these molecular signatures and their diagnostic ability, which is necessary before metabolomic data can be translated into clinical practice.
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13
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Differentiation of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Pathogens by Volatile Organic Compound Analysis with Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110773. [PMID: 34822431 PMCID: PMC8617967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and differentiating bacteria based on their emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) opens vast opportunities for rapid diagnostics. Secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is an ideal technique for VOC-biomarker discovery because of its speed, sensitivity towards polar molecules and compound characterization possibilities. Here, an in vitro SESI-HRMS workflow to find biomarkers for cystic fibrosis (CF)-related pathogens P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli and S. maltophilia is described. From 180 headspace samples, the six pathogens are distinguishable in the first three principal components and predictive analysis with a support vector machine algorithm using leave-one-out cross-validation exhibited perfect accuracy scores for the differentiation between the groups. Additionally, 94 distinctive features were found by recursive feature elimination and further characterized by SESI-MS/MS, which yielded 33 putatively identified biomarkers. In conclusion, the six pathogens can be distinguished in vitro based on their VOC profiles as well as the herein reported putative biomarkers. In the future, these putative biomarkers might be helpful for pathogen detection in vivo based on breath samples from patients with CF.
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14
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Jin Y, Li H, Wang H. Dietary rumen-protected choline supplementation regulates blood biochemical profiles and urinary metabolome and improves growth performance of growing lambs. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34658301 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1984247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the growth performance and blood metabolites, as well as metabolic profiles in the urine of lambs fed on dietary rumen-protected choline (RPC). Thirty-six Dorper × Hu lambs weighing approximately 20 kg were equally assigned to three groups, and fed on three diets supplemented with different RPC concentrations (0, 0.25% and 0.75%) for 45 days. Supplementation of RPC significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) of lambs (p < 0.05). Dietary RPC was significantly associated with elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and suppressed low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, concentrations of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) exhibited an increasing trend (p = 0.065), whereas β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) levels decreased (p = 0.086) in plasma. Analysis of urine metabolome revealed that RPC supplementation significantly suppressed urinary concentrations of pyruvate (p < 0.05), while increased urinary concentrations of trimethylamine oxide, p-cresol, phenylacetylglycine and hippurate (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that RPC supplementation can promote weight gain, alter plasma lipid metabolism and modify urinary metabolome which is correlated with energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and intestinal microbial metabolism in lambs. In conclusion, based on our findings, we recommend 0.25% RPC as a supplement for growing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Jin
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Scientific Research, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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15
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Eshleman EM, Alenghat T. Epithelial sensing of microbiota-derived signals. Genes Immun 2021; 22:237-246. [PMID: 33824498 PMCID: PMC8492766 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of microbial species, collectively termed the microbiota, which establish a symbiotic relationship with the host. Decades of research have emphasized the necessity of microbial signals in the development, maturation, and function of host physiology. However, changes in the composition or containment of the microbiota have been linked to the development of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are in constant contact with the microbiota and are critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Signals from the microbiota are directly sensed by IECs and influence intestinal health by calibrating immune cell responses and fortifying intestinal barrier function. IECs detect commensal microbes through engagement of common pattern recognition receptors or by sensing the production of microbial-derived metabolites. Deficiencies in these microbial-detecting pathways in IECs leads to impaired epithelial barrier function and altered intestinal homeostasis. This Review aims to highlight the pathways by which IECs sense microbiota-derived signals and the necessity of these detection pathways in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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16
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Výrostková J, Regecová I, Dudriková E, Marcinčák S, Vargová M, Kováčová M, Maľová J. Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus sp. Isolated from Sheep and Goat Cheeses. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081844. [PMID: 34441623 PMCID: PMC8391679 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to calculate the proportion of antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, and E. durans isolated from traditional sheep and goat cheeses obtained from a selected border area of Slovakia with Hungary (region Slanské vrchy). A total of 110 Enterococcus sp. were isolated from cheese samples, of which 52 strains (E. faecium (12), E. faecalis (28), E. durans (12)) were represented. After isolation and identification by polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the enterococci (E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. durans) were submitted to susceptibility tests against nine antimicrobial agents. In general, strains of E. faecalis were more resistant than E. durans and E. faecium. A high percentage of resistance was noted in E. faecalis to rifampicin (100%), vancomycin (85.7%), teicoplanin (71.4%), erythromycin (71.4%), minocycline (57.1%), nitrofurantoin (57.1%), ciprofloxacin (14.3%), and levofloxacin (14.3%). E. durans showed resistance to rifampicin (100%), teicoplanin (100%), vancomycin (66.7%), erythromycin (66.7%), nitrofurantoin (66.7%), and minocycline (33.3%), and E. faecium showed resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and erythromycin (100%). Multidrug-resistant strains were confirmed in 80% of the 52 strains in this study. Continuous identification of Enterococcus sp. and monitoring of their incidence and emerging antibiotic resistance is important in order to prevent a potential risk to public health caused by the contamination of milk and other dairy products, such as cheeses, made on farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Ivana Regecová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-907-185-658
| | - Eva Dudriková
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Mária Vargová
- Department of Public Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Mariana Kováčová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Jana Maľová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
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17
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Li MY, Chen XQ, Wang JY, Wang HT, Xue XM, Ding J, Juhasz AL, Zhu YG, Li HB, Ma LQ. Antibiotic exposure decreases soil arsenic oral bioavailability in mice by disrupting ileal microbiota and metabolic profile. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106444. [PMID: 33621917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oral bioavailability of arsenic (As) determines levels of As exposure via ingestion of As-contaminated soil, however, the role of gut microbiota in As bioavailability has not evaluated in vivo although some in vitro studies have investigated this. Here, we made a comparison in As relative bioavailability (RBA) estimates for a contaminated soil (3913 mg As kg-1) using a mouse model with and without penicillin perturbing gut microbiota and metabolites. Compared to soil exposure alone (2% w/w soil in diets), addition of penicillin (100 or 1000 mg kg-1) reduced probiotic Lactobacillus and sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio, enriched penicillin-resistant Enterobacter and Bacteroides, and decreased amino acid concentrations in ileum. With perturbed gut microbiota and metabolic profile, penicillin and soil co-exposed mice accumulated 2.81-3.81-fold less As in kidneys, excreted 1.02-1.35-fold less As in urine, and showed lower As-RBA (25.7-29.0%) compared to mice receiving diets amended with soil alone (56 ± 9.63%). One mechanism accounted for this is the decreased concentrations of amino acids arising from the gut microbiota shift which resulted in elevated iron (Fe) and As co-precipitation, leading to reduced As solubilization in the intestine. Another mechanism was conversion of bioavailable inorganic As to less bioavailable monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) by the antibiotic perturbed microflora. Based on in vivo mouse model, we demonstrated the important role of gut microbiota and gut metabolites in participating soil As solubilization and speciation transformation then affecting As oral bioavailability. Results are useful to better understand the role of gut bacteria in affecting As metabolism and the health risks of As-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ding
- College of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zhang J, Meng H, Kong X, Cheng X, Ma T, He H, Du W, Yang S, Li S, Zhang L. Combined effects of polyethylene and organic contaminant on zebrafish (Danio rerio): Accumulation of 9-Nitroanthracene, biomarkers and intestinal microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116767. [PMID: 33640823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, as emerging pollutant, are predicted to act as carriers for organic pollutants, but the carrier role and bio-toxic effects with other pollutants in environments are poorly acknowledged. In this study, both the single and combined effects of polyethylene (PE, 10 and 40 mg/L) with the particle size of 100-150 μm and 9-Nitroanthracene (9-NAnt, 5 and 500 μg/L) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) had been investigated. The results illustrated that PE could be as 9-NAnt carrier to enter into zebrafish body, but significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of 9-NAnt, due to the occurrence of adsorption interactions between the simultaneous presence of both PE and 9-NAnt. After 4 days, the enzymes activity of cytochrome P4501A, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the abundance of malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO) responded strongly to low-dose PE exposure (10 mg/L). After 7 days exposure to PE-9-NAnt (40 mg/L), the P4501A activity increased significantly, but the activities of AChE and LDH were inhibited clearly, causing certain neurotoxicity and disorders of energy metabolism to zebrafish. The analysis of integrated biomarker response index (IBR) suggested that PE had greater bio-toxicity to zebrafish in all exposure groups after short-term exposure, but the PE-9-NAnt complex showed greater bio-toxicity after 7 days, which indicated that complex exposure of PE-9-NAnt had a delayed effect on the bio-toxicity of zebrafish. Furthermore, analysis of the intestinal microbiota exhibited that under the conditions of the exposure group with 9-NAnt, the relative abundance of the five dominant bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota) changed greatly. Overall, this study confirmed that PE could carry 9-NAnt into fish causing bioaccumulation, but in the case of coexisting exposures, PE reduced 9-NAnt bioaccumulation, suggesting that microplastics with other emerging pollutants in chronic toxicity are probably next objects in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Han Meng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiangcheng Kong
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tao Ma
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, PR China.
| | - Wenchao Du
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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19
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Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers reproducible quantitative analysis and structural identification of metabolites in various complex biological samples, such as biofluids (plasma, serum, and urine), cells, tissue extracts, and even intact organs. Therefore, NMR-based metabolomics, a mainstream metabolomic platform, has been extensively applied in many research fields, including pharmacology, toxicology, pathophysiology, nutritional intervention, disease diagnosis/prognosis, and microbiology. In particular, NMR-based metabolomics has been successfully used for cancer research to investigate cancer metabolism and identify biomarker and therapeutic targets. This chapter highlights the innovations and challenges of NMR-based metabolomics platform and its applications in cancer research.
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20
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Cait A, Messing M, Cait J, Canals Hernaez D, McNagny KM. Antibiotic Treatment in an Animal Model of Inflammatory Lung Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2223:281-293. [PMID: 33226601 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1001-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allergic disease is on the rise and yet the underlying cause and risk factors are not fully understood. While lifesaving in many circumstances, the use of antibiotics and the subsequent disruption of the microbiome are positively correlated with the development of allergies. Here, we describe the use of the antibiotic vancomycin in combination with the papain-induced mouse model of allergic disease that allows for the assessment of microbiome perturbations and the impact on allergy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Cait
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melina Messing
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Cait
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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21
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The Western Dietary Pattern Combined with Vancomycin-Mediated Changes to the Gut Microbiome Exacerbates Colitis Severity and Colon Tumorigenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030881. [PMID: 33803094 PMCID: PMC8000903 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work by our group using a mouse model of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) showed that the total Western diet (TWD) promoted colon tumor development. Others have also shown that vancomycin-mediated changes to the gut microbiome increased colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of vancomycin on colon tumorigenesis in the context of a standard mouse diet or the TWD. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used, in which C57Bl/6J mice were fed either the standard AIN93G diet or TWD and with vancomycin in the drinking water or not. While both the TWD and vancomycin treatments independently increased parameters associated with gut inflammation and tumorigenesis compared to AIN93G and plain water controls, mice fed the TWD and treated with vancomycin had significantly increased tumor multiplicity and burden relative to all other treatments. Vancomycin treatment significantly decreased alpha diversity and changed the abundance of several taxa at the phylum, family, and genus levels. Conversely, basal diet had relatively minor effects on the gut microbiome composition. These results support our previous research that the TWD promotes colon tumorigenesis and suggest that vancomycin-induced changes to the gut microbiome are associated with higher tumor rates.
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22
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Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) exposures exert a sustained influence on the progression of gut microbiota and metabolome in the first year of life. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1353. [PMID: 33446779 PMCID: PMC7809424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown a link between the perturbations and development of the gut microbiota in infants with their immediate and long-term health. To better understand the assembly of the gut microbiota in preterm infants, faecal samples were longitudinally collected from the preterm (n = 19) and term (n = 20) infants from birth until month 12. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 141) and metabolomics profiling (n = 141) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified significant differences between groups in various time points. A panel of amino acid metabolites and central metabolism intermediates significantly correlated with the relative abundances of 8 species of bacteria were identified in the preterm group. In contrast, faecal metabolites of term infants had significantly higher levels of metabolites which are commonly found in milk such as fucose and β-hydroxybutyrate. We demonstrated that the early-life factors such as gestational age, birth weight and NICU exposures, exerted a sustained effect to the dynamics of gut microbial composition and metabolism of the neonates up to one year of age. Thus, our findings suggest that intervention at this early time could provide ‘metabolic rescue’ to preterm infants from aberrant initial gut microbial colonisation and succession.
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23
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Rüb AM, Tsakmaklis A, Gräfe SK, Simon MC, Vehreschild MJ, Wuethrich I. Biomarkers of human gut microbiota diversity and dysbiosis. Biomark Med 2021; 15:137-148. [PMID: 33442994 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of gut microbiota dysbiosis with various human diseases is being substantiated with increasing evidence. Metabolites derived from both, microbiota and the human host play a central role in disease susceptibility and disease progression by extensively modulating host physiology and metabolism. Several of these metabolites have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for monitoring disease states in conjunction with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. In this narrative review we evaluate the potential of trimethylamine-N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, 3-indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, secondary bile acids, hippurate, human β-defensin-2, chromogranin A, secreted immunoglobulins and zonulin to serve as biomarkers for metabolite profiling and diagnostic suitability for dysbiosis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M Rüb
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anastasia Tsakmaklis
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie K Gräfe
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition & Microbiota, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Jgt Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irene Wuethrich
- Department of Biosystems Science & Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
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Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) exposures exert a sustained influence on the progression of gut microbiota and metabolome in the first year of life. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1353. [PMID: 33446779 PMCID: PMC7809424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80278-1 10.1038/s41598-021-88758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown a link between the perturbations and development of the gut microbiota in infants with their immediate and long-term health. To better understand the assembly of the gut microbiota in preterm infants, faecal samples were longitudinally collected from the preterm (n = 19) and term (n = 20) infants from birth until month 12. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 141) and metabolomics profiling (n = 141) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified significant differences between groups in various time points. A panel of amino acid metabolites and central metabolism intermediates significantly correlated with the relative abundances of 8 species of bacteria were identified in the preterm group. In contrast, faecal metabolites of term infants had significantly higher levels of metabolites which are commonly found in milk such as fucose and β-hydroxybutyrate. We demonstrated that the early-life factors such as gestational age, birth weight and NICU exposures, exerted a sustained effect to the dynamics of gut microbial composition and metabolism of the neonates up to one year of age. Thus, our findings suggest that intervention at this early time could provide 'metabolic rescue' to preterm infants from aberrant initial gut microbial colonisation and succession.
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Rajput C, Sarkar A, Sachan N, Rawat N, Singh MP. Is Gut Dysbiosis an Epicenter of Parkinson's Disease? Neurochem Res 2021; 46:425-438. [PMID: 33400024 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Once recognized as one of the most esoteric diseases of the central nervous system, Parkinson's disease (PD) is now deemed to be a chronic illness contributed by the central, autonomic and enteric nervous systems. Most likely, an accumulation of α-synuclein in the central and enteric nervous systems is the key that supports this viewpoint. Constipation, one of the non-motor hallmarks in roughly two-third of PD patients, is regulated by the composition of gut bacteria, which is assumed to set off the enteric α-synuclein accrual. Vagus nerve is suggested to direct the signal for α-synuclein over-expression and accumulation to the brain. While trillions of microorganisms reside in the intestinal tract, only one third of the proportion inhabits evenly in all individuals. Existence of an impaired gut-microbe-brain axis consonant with dysbiosis could be an epicenter of this inexplicable disorder. Any alteration in the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract owing to exposure of endogenous or exogenous chemicals or toxicants could lead to dysbiosis. However, inconsistency in the symptoms even after exposure to same chemical or toxicant in PD patients emphatically creates a conundrum. While the level of a few specific neurotransmitters and metabolites is influenced by microbes, implication of dysbiosis is still debatable. Nevertheless, the scientific literature is overflowing with the remarkable observations supporting the role of dysbiosis in PD. Lack of specificity to differentially diagnose PD with non-PD or PD-plus syndrome, to identify highly precise drug targets and to develop therapeutic stratagems to encounter the disease on the basis of this approach, causes us to be open-minded about the dysbiosis theory. The article reviews the facts supporting gut dysbiosis as the foremost trigger for PD onset along with disagreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charul Rajput
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alika Sarkar
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Sachan
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Rawat
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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26
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Liu Z, Coales I, Penney N, McDonald JAK, Phetcharaburanin J, Seyfried F, Li JV. A Subset of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Bacterial Consortium Colonizes the Gut of Nonsurgical Rats without Inducing Host-Microbe Metabolic Changes. mSystems 2020; 5:e01047-20. [PMID: 33293406 PMCID: PMC8579838 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01047-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective weight loss surgery, resulting in a characteristic increase of fecal Gammaproteobacteria The contribution of this compositional change to metabolic benefits of RYGB is currently debatable. Therefore, this study employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic profiling to monitor the dynamic colonization of the RYGB microbial consortium and their metabolic impact on the host. Eleven Wistar rats received vancomycin and enrofloxacin, followed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of cecal slurry obtained from either RYGB- or sham-operated rats. Urine and feces from the microbiota recipients (RYGB microbiota recipients [RYGBr], n = 6; sham microbiota recipients [SHAMr], n = 5) were collected pre- and post-antibiotics and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 16 days post-FMT. No significant differences in body weight and food intake were observed between RYGBr and SHAMr. While neither group reached the community richness of that of their donors, by day 6, both groups reached the richness and diversity of that prior to antibiotic treatment. However, the typical signature of RYGB microbiome-increased Enterobacteriaceae-was not replicated in these recipients after two consecutive FMT, suggesting that the environmental changes induced by the anatomical rearrangements of RYGB could be key for sustaining such a consortium. The transplanted bacteria did not induce the same metabolic signature of urine and feces as those previously reported in RYGB-operated rats. Future work is required to explore environmental factors that shape the RYGB microbiota in order to further investigate the metabolic functions of the RYGB microbiota, thereby teasing out the mechanisms of the RYGB surgery.IMPORTANCE Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery results in a long-term gut bacterial shift toward Gammaproteobacteria in both patients and rodents. The contribution of this compositional shift, or the RYGB bacterial consortium, to the metabolic benefit of the surgery remains debatable. It is unclear how well these bacteria colonize in an anatomically normal gut. This is a fundamental question in both defining the function of the RYGB microbiota and evaluating its potential as a nonsurgical treatment for obesity. We monitored the dynamic colonization of the RYGB bacterial consortium and observed that while approximately one-third of the bacterial taxa from the RYGB donor colonized in the gut of the nonoperated recipients, Gammaproteobacteria were unable to colonize for longer than 3 days. The study highlighted that a successful long-term colonization of Gammaproteobacteria-rich RYGB microbiota in nonsurgical animals requires key environmental factors that may be dictated by the intestinal anatomical modification by the surgery itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Coales
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Penney
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jia V Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Martinez-Gili L, McDonald JAK, Liu Z, Kao D, Allegretti JR, Monaghan TM, Barker GF, Miguéns Blanco J, Williams HRT, Holmes E, Thursz MR, Marchesi JR, Mullish BH. Understanding the mechanisms of efficacy of fecal microbiota transplant in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and beyond: the contribution of gut microbial-derived metabolites. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1810531. [PMID: 32893721 PMCID: PMC7524310 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1810531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a highly-effective therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), and shows promise for certain non-CDI indications. However, at present, its mechanisms of efficacy have remained poorly understood. Recent studies by our laboratory have noted the particular key importance of restoration of gut microbe-metabolite interactions in the ability of FMT to treat rCDI, including the impact of FMT upon short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) and bile acid metabolism. This includes a significant impact of these metabolites upon the life cycle of C. difficile directly, along with potential postulated additional benefits, including effects upon host immune response. In this Addendum, we first present an overview of these recent advancements in this field, and then describe additional novel data from our laboratory on the impact of FMT for rCDI upon several gut microbial-derived metabolites which had not previously been implicated as being of relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julie a K McDonald
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Grace F Barker
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jesús Miguéns Blanco
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Horace R T Williams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Futures, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Distinct Fecal and Plasma Metabolites in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Modulation after Microbiota Transfer Therapy. mSphere 2020; 5:5/5/e00314-20. [PMID: 33087514 PMCID: PMC7580952 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00314-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of autism and its extensive impact on our society, no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment is available for this complex neurobiological disorder. Based on mounting evidences that support a link between autism and the gut microbiome, we previously performed a pioneering open-label clinical trial using intensive fecal microbiota transplant. The therapy significantly improved gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms. Comprehensive metabolomic measurements in this study showed that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had different levels of many plasma metabolites at baseline compared to those in typically developing children. Microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) had a systemic effect, resulting in substantial changes in plasma metabolites, driving a number of metabolites to be more similar to those from typically developing children. Our results provide evidence that changes in metabolites are one mechanism of the gut-brain connection mediated by the gut microbiota and offer plausible clinical evidence for a promising autism treatment and biomarkers. Accumulating evidence has strengthened a link between dysbiotic gut microbiota and autism. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a promising therapy to repair dysbiotic gut microbiota. We previously performed intensive FMT called microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and observed a substantial improvement of gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms. We also reported modulation of the gut microbiome toward a healthy one. In this study, we report comprehensive metabolite profiles from plasma and fecal samples of the children who participated in the MTT trial. With 619 plasma metabolites detected, we found that the autism group had distinctive metabolic profiles at baseline. Eight metabolites (nicotinamide riboside, IMP, iminodiacetate, methylsuccinate, galactonate, valylglycine, sarcosine, and leucylglycine) were significantly lower in the ASD group at baseline, while caprylate and heptanoate were significantly higher in the ASD group. MTT drove global shifts in plasma profiles across various metabolic features, including nicotinate/nicotinamide and purine metabolism. In contrast, for 669 fecal metabolites detected, when correcting for multiple hypotheses, no metabolite was significantly different at baseline. Although not statistically significant, p-cresol sulfate was relatively higher in the ASD group at baseline, and after MTT, the levels decreased and were similar to levels in typically developing (TD) controls. p-Cresol sulfate levels were inversely correlated with Desulfovibrio, suggesting a potential role of Desulfovibrio on p-cresol sulfate modulation. Further studies of metabolites in a larger ASD cohort, before and after MTT, are warranted, as well as clinical trials of other therapies to address the metabolic changes which MTT was not able to correct. IMPORTANCE Despite the prevalence of autism and its extensive impact on our society, no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment is available for this complex neurobiological disorder. Based on mounting evidences that support a link between autism and the gut microbiome, we previously performed a pioneering open-label clinical trial using intensive fecal microbiota transplant. The therapy significantly improved gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms. Comprehensive metabolomic measurements in this study showed that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had different levels of many plasma metabolites at baseline compared to those in typically developing children. Microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) had a systemic effect, resulting in substantial changes in plasma metabolites, driving a number of metabolites to be more similar to those from typically developing children. Our results provide evidence that changes in metabolites are one mechanism of the gut-brain connection mediated by the gut microbiota and offer plausible clinical evidence for a promising autism treatment and biomarkers.
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29
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Pretorius L, Smith C. The trace aminergic system: a gender-sensitive therapeutic target for IBS? J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:95. [PMID: 32981524 PMCID: PMC7520957 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a lack of specific or sensitive biomarkers, drug discovery advances have been limited for individuals suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While current therapies provide symptomatic relief, inflammation itself is relatively neglected, despite the presence of chronic immune activation and innate immune system dysfunction. Moreover, considering the microgenderome concept, gender is a significant aetiological risk factor. We believe that we have pinpointed a "missing link" that connects gender, dysbiosis, diet, and inflammation in the context of IBS, which may be manipulated as therapeutic target. The trace aminergic system is conveniently positioned at the interface of the gut microbiome, dietary nutrients and by-products, and mucosal immunity. Almost all leukocyte populations express trace amine associated receptors and significant amounts of trace amines originate from both food and the gut microbiota. Additionally, although IBS-specific data are sparse, existing data supports an interpretation in favour of a gender dependence in trace aminergic signalling. As such, trace aminergic signalling may be altered by fluctuations of especially female reproductive hormones. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, this review discusses potential mechanisms of actions, which include hyperreactivity of the immune system and aberrant serotonin signalling, and links outcomes to the symptomology clinically prevalent in IBS. Taken together, it is feasible that the additional level of regulation by the trace aminergic system in IBS has been overlooked, until now. As such, we suggest that components of the trace aminergic system be considered targets for future therapeutic action, with the specific focus of reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesha Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7062, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7062, South Africa.
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Pérez-Cobas AE, Gomez-Valero L, Buchrieser C. Metagenomic approaches in microbial ecology: an update on whole-genome and marker gene sequencing analyses. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000409. [PMID: 32706331 PMCID: PMC7641418 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics and marker gene approaches, coupled with high-throughput sequencing technologies, have revolutionized the field of microbial ecology. Metagenomics is a culture-independent method that allows the identification and characterization of organisms from all kinds of samples. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing analyses the total DNA of a chosen sample to determine the presence of micro-organisms from all domains of life and their genomic content. Importantly, the whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach reveals the genomic diversity present, but can also give insights into the functional potential of the micro-organisms identified. The marker gene approach is based on the sequencing of a specific gene region. It allows one to describe the microbial composition based on the taxonomic groups present in the sample. It is frequently used to analyse the biodiversity of microbial ecosystems. Despite its importance, the analysis of metagenomic sequencing and marker gene data is quite a challenge. Here we review the primary workflows and software used for both approaches and discuss the current challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, Paris, France and CNRS UMR 3525, 675724, Paris, France
| | - Laura Gomez-Valero
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, Paris, France and CNRS UMR 3525, 675724, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, Paris, France and CNRS UMR 3525, 675724, Paris, France
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31
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Zhang S, Xu Z, Cao X, Xie Y, Lin L, Zhang X, Zou B, Liu D, Cai Y, Liao Q, Xie Z. Shenling Baizhu San improves functional dyspepsia in rats as revealed by 1H-NMR based metabolomics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2363-2375. [PMID: 32930262 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00580k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD), a common gastrointestinal disorder around the world, is driven by multiple factors, making prevention and treatment a major challenge. Shenling Baizhu San (SBS), a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, has been proven to be effective in gastrointestinal disorders. However, studies on SBS improving FD are few. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the effect of SBS on FD and further to explore the mechanism underlying the interactions between FD and SBS by the metabolomics approach. A FD rat model was induced by multiple forms of mild stimulation, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis were used to profile the fecal and urinary metabolome in the FD rats during SBS intervention. Significant dyspeptic symptoms such as weight loss, poor appetite, reduced gastrointestinal motility and decreased absorptive capacity were observed in the FD rats, which were subsequently improved by SBS. Additionally, the levels of citrate, branched chain acids and pyruvate decreased, and the levels of choline, trimethylamine and taurine increased in the FD rats. Furthermore, the metabolic disorders were amended with SBS intervention mainly by modulating the metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microbiota and host co-metabolism. Overall, our study highlighted the effect of SBS on the disturbed metabolic pathways in the FD rats, providing new insight into the mechanism of SBS treatment for FD from the perspective of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zengmei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baorong Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Lee-Sarwar KA, Lasky-Su J, Kelly RS, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST. Metabolome-Microbiome Crosstalk and Human Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:E181. [PMID: 32369899 PMCID: PMC7281736 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the growing literature demonstrating robust and pervasive associations between the microbiome and metabolome. We focus on the gut microbiome, which harbors the taxonomically most diverse and the largest collection of microorganisms in the human body. Methods for integrative analysis of these "omics" are under active investigation and we discuss the advances and challenges in the combined use of metabolomics and microbiome data. Findings from large consortia, including the Human Microbiome Project and Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHIT) and others demonstrate the impact of microbiome-metabolome interactions on human health. Mechanisms whereby the microbes residing in the human body interact with metabolites to impact disease risk are beginning to be elucidated, and discoveries in this area will likely be harnessed to develop preventive and treatment strategies for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Lee-Sarwar
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.-S.); (R.S.K.); (S.T.W.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.-S.); (R.S.K.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.-S.); (R.S.K.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14612, USA;
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.-S.); (R.S.K.); (S.T.W.)
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Bush KT, Singh P, Nigam SK. Gut-derived uremic toxin handling in vivo requires OAT-mediated tubular secretion in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133817. [PMID: 32271169 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the renal organic anion transporters OAT1 (also known as SLC22A6, originally identified as NKT) and OAT3 (also known as SLC22A8) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains poorly understood. This is particularly so from the viewpoint of residual proximal tubular secretion, a key adaptive mechanism to deal with protein-bound uremic toxins in CKD. Using the subtotal nephrectomy (STN) model, plasma metabolites accumulating in STN rats treated with and without the OAT inhibitor, probenecid, were identified. Comparisons with metabolomics data from Oat1-KO and Oat3-KO mice support the centrality of the OATs in residual tubular secretion of uremic solutes, such as indoxyl sulfate, kynurenate, and anthranilate. Overlapping our data with those of published metabolomics data regarding gut microbiome-derived uremic solutes - which can have dual roles in signaling and toxicity - indicates that OATs play a critical role in determining their plasma levels in CKD. Thus, the OATs, along with other SLC and ABC drug transporters, are critical to the movement of uremic solutes across tissues and into various body fluids, consistent with the remote sensing and signaling theory. The data support a role for OATs in modulating remote interorganismal and interorgan communication (gut microbiota-blood-liver-kidney-urine). The results also have implications for understanding drug-metabolite interactions involving uremic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Bush
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Prabhleen Singh
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:223-237. [PMID: 32076145 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A key role of the gut microbiota in the establishment and maintenance of health, as well as in the pathogenesis of disease, has been identified over the past two decades. One of the primary modes by which the gut microbiota interacts with the host is by means of metabolites, which are small molecules that are produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism. These metabolites can derive from bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules, such as bile acids, or directly from bacteria. Signals from microbial metabolites influence immune maturation, immune homeostasis, host energy metabolism and maintenance of mucosal integrity. Alterations in the composition and function of the microbiota have been described in many studies on IBD. Alterations have also been described in the metabolite profiles of patients with IBD. Furthermore, specific classes of metabolites, notably bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. This Review aims to define the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites that are altered in IBD, describe the pathophysiological basis of these associations and identify future targets for precision therapeutic modulation.
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Bile Acid Profile and its Changes in Response to Cefoperazone Treatment in MR1 Deficient Mice. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040127. [PMID: 32225042 PMCID: PMC7241087 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal associated invariant T-cells (MAIT cells) are activated following recognition of bacterial antigens (riboflavin intermediates) presented on major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecule (MR1). Our previous study showed that MR1−/− knock-out (KO) mice (lacking MAIT cells) harbor a unique microbiota that is resistant to antibiotic disruption and Clostridioides difficile colonization. While we have characterized the microbiota of this mouse strain, changes in global metabolic activity in these KO mice have not been assessed. Here, LC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics was applied to investigate the differences in the metabolome, specifically in the bile acid (BA) profile of wild-type (WT) and MR1−/− KO mice, as well as how antibiotics change these profiles. BA changes were evaluated in the intestinal content, cecum content, and stool samples from MR1−/− mice and WT mice treated with cefoperazone (Cef). Fecal pellets were collected daily and both intestinal and cecal contents were harvested at predetermined endpoints on day 0 (D0), day 1 (D1), day 3 (D3), and day 5 (D5). KO mice exhibited no changes in 6-hydroxymethyl-8-D-ribityllumazine (rRL-6-CH2OH; an MR1-restricted riboflavin derivative) in the stool samples at either time point vs. D0, while WT mice showed significant decreases in rRL-6-CH2OH in the stool samples on all treatment days vs. D0. Metabolomics analysis from cecal and stool samples showed that KO mice had more total BA intensity (KO/WT = ~1.7 and ~3.3 fold higher) than that from WT mice prior to Cef treatment, while the fold change difference (KO/WT = ~4.5 and ~4.4 fold) increased after five days of Cef treatment. Both KO and WT mice showed decreases in total BA intensity in response to Cef treatment, however, less dramatic decreases were present in KO vs. WT mice. Increases in taurocholic acid (TCA) intensity and decreases in deoxycholic acid (DCA) intensity in the stool samples from WT mice were associated with the depletion of certain gut bacteria, which was consistent with the previously reported microbiome data. Furthermore, the non-detected TCA and relatively higher DCA intensity in the KO mice might be related to Clostridioides difficile infection resistance, although this needs further investigation.
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The gut microbiome as a predictor of low fermentable oligosaccharides disaccharides monosaccharides and polyols diet efficacy in functional bowel disorders. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2020; 36:147-154. [PMID: 31850930 PMCID: PMC7425749 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fermentable oligosaccharides disaccharides monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) dietary restriction ameliorates irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms; however, not all individuals with IBS respond. Given the gut microbiome's role in carbohydrate fermentation, investigators have evaluated whether the gut microbiome may predict low FODMAP diet efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS Gut microbiome fermentation, even to the same carbohydrate, is not uniform across all individuals with several factors (e.g. composition) playing a role. In both children and adults with IBS, studies are emerging suggesting the gut microbiome may predict low FODMAP diet efficacy. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the approaches (study population, microbiome assessment methods, statistical techniques, etc.) used amongst these studies. SUMMARY The gut microbiome holds promise as a predictor of low FODMAP diet efficacy. However, further investigation using standardized approaches to evaluate the microbiome while concomitantly assessing other potential predictors are needed to more rigorously evaluate this area.
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Ocvirk S, Wilson AS, Posma JM, Li JV, Koller KR, Day GM, Flanagan CA, Otto JE, Sacco PE, Sacco FD, Sapp FR, Wilson AS, Newton K, Brouard F, DeLany JP, Behnning M, Appolonia CN, Soni D, Bhatti F, Methé B, Fitch A, Morris A, Gaskins HR, Kinross J, Nicholson JK, Thomas TK, O'Keefe SJD. A prospective cohort analysis of gut microbial co-metabolism in Alaska Native and rural African people at high and low risk of colorectal cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:406-419. [PMID: 31851298 PMCID: PMC6997097 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alaska Native (AN) people have the world's highest recorded incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) (∼91:100,000), whereas rural African (RA) people have the lowest risk (<5:100,000). Previous data supported the hypothesis that diet affected CRC risk through its effects on the colonic microbiota that produce tumor-suppressive or -promoting metabolites. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether differences in these metabolites may contribute to the high risk of CRC in AN people. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study assessed dietary intake from 32 AN and 21 RA healthy middle-aged volunteers before screening colonoscopy. Analysis of fecal microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and fecal/urinary metabolites by 1H-NMR spectroscopy was complemented with targeted quantification of fecal SCFAs, bile acids, and functional microbial genes. RESULTS Adenomatous polyps were detected in 16 of 32 AN participants, but not found in RA participants. The AN diet contained higher proportions of fat and animal protein and less fiber. AN fecal microbiota showed a compositional predominance of Blautia and Lachnoclostridium, higher microbial capacity for bile acid conversion, and low abundance of some species involved in saccharolytic fermentation (e.g., Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae), but no significant lack of butyrogenic bacteria. Significantly lower concentrations of tumor-suppressive butyrate (22.5 ± 3.1 compared with 47.2 ± 7.3 SEM µmol/g) coincided with significantly higher concentrations of tumor-promoting deoxycholic acid (26.7 ± 4.2 compared with 11 ± 1.9 µmol/g) in AN fecal samples. AN participants had lower quantities of fecal/urinary metabolites than RA participants and metabolite profiles correlated with the abundance of distinct microbial genera in feces. The main microbial and metabolic CRC-associated markers were not significantly altered in AN participants with adenomatous polyps. CONCLUSIONS The low-fiber, high-fat diet of AN people and exposure to carcinogens derived from diet or environment are associated with a tumor-promoting colonic milieu as reflected by the high rates of adenomatous polyps in AN participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Ocvirk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annette S Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joram M Posma
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jia V Li
- Section of Nutritional Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Institution of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn R Koller
- Clinical & Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Gretchen M Day
- Clinical & Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Christie A Flanagan
- Clinical & Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Jill Evon Otto
- Clinical & Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Pam E Sacco
- Clinical & Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Frank D Sacco
- Clinical & Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Flora R Sapp
- Clinical & Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Amy S Wilson
- Clinical & Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Keith Newton
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Faye Brouard
- Manguzi Hospital, Manguzi, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - James P DeLany
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Marissa Behnning
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corynn N Appolonia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Devavrata Soni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Faheem Bhatti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Barbara Methé
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Fitch
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Rex Gaskins
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - James Kinross
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Institution of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy K Thomas
- Clinical & Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Stephen J D O'Keefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zheng N, Gu Y, Hong Y, Sheng L, Chen L, Zhang F, Hou J, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Jia W, Li H. Vancomycin pretreatment attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through 2-hydroxybutyric acid. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:560-570. [PMID: 33425450 PMCID: PMC7775853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury caused by acetaminophen (AP) overdose is a leading public health problem. Although AP-induced liver injury is well recognized as the formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone (NAPQI), a toxic metabolite of AP, resulting in cell damage, emerging evidence indicates that AP-induced liver injury is also associated with gut microbiota. However, the gut microbiota-involved mechanism remains largely unknown. In our study, we found that vancomycin (Vac) pretreatment (100 mg/kg, twice a day for 4 days) attenuated AP-induced liver injury, altered the composition of gut microbiota, and changed serum metabolic profile. Moreover, we identified Vac pretreatment elevated cecum and serum 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-HB), which ameliorated AP-induced cell damage and liver injury in mice by reducing AP bioavailability and elevating GSH levels. Our current results revealed the novel role of 2-HB in protecting AP-induced liver injury and add new evidence for gut microbiota in affecting AP toxicity. Vac pretreatment attenuated AP-induced liver injury in rats. Vac pretreatment elevated metabolite 2-HB both in cecum and serum. 2-HB attenuated the AP-induced hepatotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zean Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Houkai Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Van Treuren W, Dodd D. Microbial Contribution to the Human Metabolome: Implications for Health and Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2019; 15:345-369. [PMID: 31622559 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to an incredibly dense population of microbes. These microbes employ unique strategies to capture energy in this largely anaerobic environment. In the process of breaking down dietary- and host-derived substrates, the gut microbiota produce a broad range of metabolic products that accumulate to high levels in the gut. Increasingly, studies are revealing that these chemicals impact host biology, either by acting on cells within the gastrointestinal tract or entering circulation and exerting their effects at distal sites within the body. Given the high level of functional diversity in the gut microbiome and the varied diets that we consume, the repertoire of microbiota-derived molecules within our bodies varies dramatically across individuals. Thus, the microbes in our gut and the metabolic end products they produce represent a phenotypic lever that we can potentially control to develop new therapeutics for personalized medicine. Here, we review current understanding of how microbes in the gastrointestinal tract contribute to the molecules within our gut and those that circulate within our bodies. We also highlight examples of how these molecules affect host physiology and discuss potential strategies for controlling their production to promote human health and to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Van Treuren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Dylan Dodd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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40
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Chen D, Yu J, Zhang Z, Su X, Li L, Li L. Controlling Preanalytical Process in High-Coverage Quantitative Metabolomics: Spot-Sample Collection for Mouse Urine and Fecal Metabolome Profiling. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4958-4963. [PMID: 30900868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deying Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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41
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A Metabologenomic Approach Reveals Changes in the Intestinal Environment of Mice Fed on American Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124079. [PMID: 30562947 PMCID: PMC6321133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites are strongly associated with host physiology. Developments in DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies have allowed us to obtain additional data that enhance our understanding of the interactions among microbiota, metabolites, and the host. However, the strategies used to analyze these datasets are not yet well developed. Here, we describe an original analytical strategy, metabologenomics, consisting of an integrated analysis of mass spectrometry-based metabolome data and high-throughput-sequencing-based microbiome data. Using this approach, we compared data obtained from C57BL/6J mice fed an American diet (AD), which contained higher amounts of fat and fiber, to those from mice fed control rodent diet. The feces of the AD mice contained higher amounts of butyrate and propionate, and higher relative abundances of Oscillospira and Ruminococcus. The amount of butyrate positively correlated with the abundance of these bacterial genera. Furthermore, integrated analysis of the metabolome data and the predicted metagenomic data from Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) indicated that the abundance of genes associated with butyrate metabolism positively correlated with butyrate amounts. Thus, our metabologenomic approach is expected to provide new insights and understanding of intestinal metabolic dynamics in complex microbial ecosystems.
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Sonoda A, Kamiyama N, Ozaka S, Gendo Y, Ozaki T, Hirose H, Noguchi K, Saechue B, Sachi N, Sakai K, Mizukami K, Hidano S, Murakami K, Kobayashi T. Oral administration of antibiotics results in fecal occult bleeding due to metabolic disorders and defective proliferation of the gut epithelial cell in mice. Genes Cells 2018; 23:1043-1055. [PMID: 30353943 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics sometimes exert adverse effects on the pathogenesis of colitis due to the dysbiosis resulting from the disruption of gut homeostasis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying colitogenic effects of antibiotic-induced colitis are largely unknown. Here, we show a novel murine fecal occult bleeding model induced by the combinatorial treatment of ampicillin and vancomycin, which is accompanied by an enlarged cecum, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12, a reduction in Ki-67-positive epithelial cell number and an increase in the apoptotic cell number in the colon. Moreover, gas chromatography-tandem mass analysis showed that various kinds of metabolites, including glutamic acid and butyric acid, were significantly decreased in the cecal contents. In addition, abundance of butyric acid producer Clostridiales was dramatically reduced in the enlarged cecum. Interestingly, supplementation of monosodium glutamate or its precursor glutamine suppressed colonic IL-6 and IL-12, protected from cell apoptosis and prevented fecal occult blood indicating that the reduced level of glutamic acid is a possible mechanism of antibiotic-induced fecal occult bleeding. Our data showed a novel mechanism of antibiotic-induced fecal occult bleeding providing a new insight into the clinical application of glutamic acid for the treatment of antibiotic-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sonoda
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Naganori Kamiyama
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ozaka
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Gendo
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takashi Ozaki
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Haruna Hirose
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kaori Noguchi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Benjawan Saechue
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sachi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai
- Department of Division of Life Science Research, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizukami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Clinical Training Institute for Interns, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Shinya Hidano
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
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Niu J, Xie SW, Fang HH, Xie JJ, Guo TY, Zhang YM, Liu ZL, Liao SY, He JY, Tian LX, Liu YJ. Dietary values of macroalgae Porphyra haitanensis in Litopenaeus vannamei under normal rearing and WSSV challenge conditions: Effect on growth, immune response and intestinal microbiota. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:135-149. [PMID: 30017927 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary macroalgae Porphyra haitanensis on growth, immunity and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. In trial 1, shrimp (mean initial wet weight about 0.64 g) were fed with seven diets (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6) containing 0% (basal diet), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% P. haitanensis in triplicate for 60 days. Growth performance (weight gain, WG; specific growth rate, SGR) of shrimp fed the P4 diet were significantly higher than that of shrimp fed P0, P5 and P6 diets (P < 0.05) but without significant differences with shrimp fed P1-P3 diets (P > 0.05). Hepatopancreas phenoloxidase (PO) activity of shrimp fed the P. haitanensis containing diets was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed the basal diet (P0) (P < 0.05). Total haemocyte count (THC) of shrimp fed basal diet (P0) was significantly lower than that of shrimp fed diets containing P. haitanensis. Our results declared that dietary P. haitanensis supplementation increases the abundance of beneficial bacterials such as Nitrosopumilus, Marinobacter or Bifidobacterium and reduces the abundance of harmful bacterias such as Vibrio, and especially pronounced in P4 diet treatment. In trial 2, a WSSV injection challenge test was conducted for 7-day after the rearing trial and shrimp survival was also compared among treatments. A sudden shrimp death was found from the 4th day, and values of survival of shrimp fed the P3-P4 diets were higher than that of shrimp fed other diets during 4-7 days challenge test. The immune response in trial 2 were characterized by higher superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and PO activities, lower THC and higher HCT compared to levels found in trial 1. In conclusion, suitable dietary P. haitanensis could enhance the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and alter total bacterial numbers or microbial diversity of L. vannamei and furthermore reduce oxidative stress and immune depression challenged by WSSV injection stress, and the level of P. haitanensis supplemented in the diet should be between 2.51% and 3.14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Shi-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Hao-Hang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jia-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zhen-Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shi-Yu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Ju-Yun He
- Health & Nutrition, Evonik Degussa (China) Co., Ltd., Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
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Mair RD, Sirich TL, Plummer NS, Meyer TW. Characteristics of Colon-Derived Uremic Solutes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:1398-1404. [PMID: 30087103 PMCID: PMC6140561 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03150318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Colon microbial metabolism produces solutes that are normally excreted in the urine and accumulate in the plasma when the kidneys fail. This study sought to further identify and characterize human colon-derived uremic solutes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Colon-derived solutes normally excreted in the urine were identified by comparing urine from controls (n=17) and patients with total colectomies (n=12), using an established metabolomic platform. Colon-derived solutes that accumulate in kidney failure were then identified by comparing the plasma of the control patients with that of patients on dialysis (n=14). RESULTS Ninety-one urinary solutes were classified as colon-derived on the basis of the finding of a urine excretion rate at least four-fold higher in control patients than in patients with total colectomies. Forty-six were solutes with known chemical structure, 35 of which had not previously been identified as colon-derived. Sixty of the colon-derived solutes accumulated in the plasma of patients with ESKD to a degree greater than urea and were therefore classified as uremic. The estimated urinary clearance for 27 out of the 32 colon-derived solutes for which clearance could be calculated exceeded that of creatinine, consistent with tubular secretion. Sulfatase treatment revealed that 42 out of the 91 colon-derived solutes detected were likely conjugates. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic analysis identified numerous colon-derived solutes that are normally excreted in human urine. Clearance by tubular secretion limits plasma levels of many colon-derived solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Mair
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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Liu Z, Xia B, Saric J, Utzinger J, Holmes E, Keiser J, Li JV. Effects of Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin on the NMRI Mouse Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3565-3573. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Xia
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmina Saric
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jia V. Li
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Behr C, Sperber S, Jiang X, Strauss V, Kamp H, Walk T, Herold M, Beekmann K, Rietjens I, van Ravenzwaay B. Microbiome-related metabolite changes in gut tissue, cecum content and feces of rats treated with antibiotics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:198-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Nazzal L, Roberts J, Singh P, Jhawar S, Matalon A, Gao Z, Holzman R, Liebes L, Blaser MJ, Lowenstein J. Microbiome perturbation by oral vancomycin reduces plasma concentration of two gut-derived uremic solutes, indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, in end-stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:1809-1817. [PMID: 28379433 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have suggested a relationship between the plasma concentration of indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), small gut-derived 'uremic solutes', and the high incidence of uremic cardiomyopathy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). IS and PCS are derived from the metabolism of dietary components (tryptophan and tyrosine) by gut bacteria. This pilot study was designed to examine the effects of a poorly absorbable antibiotic (vancomycin) on the plasma concentration of two gut-derived 'uremic solutes', IS and PCS, and on the composition of the gut microbiome. Methods Plasma concentrations of IS and PCS were measured by MS-HPLC. The gut microbiome was assessed in stool specimens sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene targeting the V4 region. Results The pre-dialysis mean plasma concentrations of both IS and PCS were markedly elevated. Following the administration of vancomycin (Day 0), the IS and PCS concentrations decreased at Day 2 or Day 5 and returned to baseline by Day 28. Following vancomycin administration, several changes in the gut microbiome were observed. Most striking was the decrease in diversity, a finding that was evident on Day 7 and was still evident at Day 28. There was little change at the phylum level but at the genus level, broad population changes were noted. Changes in the abundance of several genera appeared to parallel the concentration of IS and PCS. Conclusions These findings suggest that alteration of the gut microbiome, by an antibiotic, might provide an important strategy in reducing the levels of IS and PCS in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Nazzal
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Roberts
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prabhjot Singh
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sachin Jhawar
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert Matalon
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Holzman
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Len Liebes
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerome Lowenstein
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Rowan S, Taylor A. Gut microbiota modify risk for dietary glycemia-induced age-related macular degeneration. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:452-457. [PMID: 29431583 PMCID: PMC6219648 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1435247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness world-wide. Although the etiology of AMD is multifactorial, diet and nutrition have strong epidemiologic associations with disease onset and progression. Recent studies indicate a role for gut microbiota in development of AMD in mouse models and in some forms of human AMD. We previously found that consuming lower glycemia diets is associated with protection against AMD in humans and switching from higher to lower glycemia diets arrests AMD phenotypes in mice. Gut microbiota populations and circulating microbial cometabolites were altered in response to dietary carbohydrates, indicating a gut-retina axis. Here we explore additional gut microbiota-AMD interactions that point toward pathogenic roles for some gut microbiota families, including Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and individual members of Turicibacteraceae, Clostridiaceae, and Mogibacteriaceae. We also speculate on potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence AMD, with the objective of devising new AMD diagnoses and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Rowan
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Allen Taylor
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
The human GI tract harbors a diverse and dynamic microbial community comprising bacteria, archaea, viruses and eukaryotic microbes, which varies in composition from individual to individual. A healthy microbiota metabolizes various indigestible dietary components of the host, maintains host immune homeostasis and nutrient intake, but, an imbalanced microbiota has been reported to be associated with many diseases, including obesity. Rodent studies have produced evidence in support of the causal role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity, however, such causal relationship is lacking in humans. The objective of this review is to critically analyze the vast information available on the composition, function and alterations of the gut microbiota in obesity and explore the future prospects of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saleem U Shahid
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Irfan
- Women University Multan, Multan 66000, Pakistan
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Zhang L, Dong M, Tang H, Wang Y. Metabolomics Reveals that Dietary Ferulic Acid and Quercetin Modulate Metabolic Homeostasis in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1723-1731. [PMID: 29359554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds ingestion has been shown to have potential preventive and therapeutic effects against various metabolic diseases such as obesity and cancer. To provide a better understanding of these potential benefit effects, we investigated the metabolic alterations in urine and feces of rat ingested ferulic acid (FA) and quercetin (Qu) using NMR-based metabolomics approach. Our results suggested that dietary FA and/or Qu significantly decreased short chain fatty acids and elevated oligosaccharides in the feces, implying that dietary FA and Qu may modulate gut microbial community with inhibition of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers. We also found that dietary FA and/or Qu regulated several host metabolic pathways including TCA cycle and energy metabolism, bile acid, amino acid, and nucleic acid metabolism. These biological effects suggest that FA and Qu display outstanding bioavailability and bioactivity and could be used for treatment of some metabolic syndromes, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Manyuan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Genetics and Development, Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yulan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Wuhan 430071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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