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Manickaraj SSM, Pandiyarajan S, Liao AH, Ramanathan S, Baskaran G, Selvaraj M, A Assiri M, Chuang HC. Supercritical-CO 2 mediated preparation of porous carbon from Araucaria heterophylla biomass: A proficient nanomolar detection platform for phenolic water pollutant. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143050. [PMID: 39121967 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
4-aminophenol (AP), an aromatic phenolic compound, is commonly found in commercial products that eventually enter and pollute environmental water sources. The precise detection and quantification of AP in environmental samples are critical for comprehensively assessing contamination levels, safeguarding public health, and formulating effective remediation strategies. In the shed of light, this work proposes an electrochemical sensing platform for detecting and quantifying AP using Araucaria heterophylla biomass-derived activated carbon (AH-AC) prepared via the SC-CO2 pathway. To evaluate the significance of SC-CO2-mediated chemical activation (SC-AHAC), a comparative study with conventional activation methods (C-AHAC) was also conducted. The physical characterizations such as structural, morphological, optical, and elemental analysis demonstrate the greater ID/IG value and enhanced surface functionalities of SC-AHAC than C-AHAC. The obtained lower empirical factor (R) value of 1.89 for SC-AHAC suggests increased disorder and a higher presence of single-layer amorphous carbon compared to C-AHAC (2.03). In the electrochemical analysis, the active surface area of the SC-AHAC modified electrode (0.069 cm2) is higher than that of the C-AHAC modified electrode (0.061 cm2), demonstrating the significance of SC-CO2 activation. Further, the quantitative analysis on SC-AHAC@SPCE resulted in a sensitivity of 3.225 μA μM-1 cm-2 with the detection limit and quantification limit of 2.13 and 7.11 nM L-1, respectively, in the linear range of 0.01-582.5 μM L-1 at the oxidation potential of 0.13V. This suggests that the prepared SC-AHAC could be a promising electrocatalyst for AP detection in the environmental and healthcare sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobana Sebastin Mary Manickaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Sabarison Pandiyarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ho Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114201, Taiwan
| | - Subramanian Ramanathan
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho-Chiao Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Significance: Routine exposure to xenobiotics is unavoidable during our lifetimes. Certain xenobiotics are hazardous to human health, and are metabolized in the body to render them less toxic. During this process, several detoxification enzymes cooperatively metabolize xenobiotics. Glutathione (GSH) conjugation plays an important role in the metabolism of electrophilic xenobiotics. Recent Advances: Recent advances in reactive sulfur and supersulfide (RSS) analyses showed that persulfides and polysulfides bound to low-molecular-weight thiols, such as GSH, and to protein thiols are abundant in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The highly nucleophilic nature of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides contributes to cell protection against oxidative stress and electrophilic stress. Critical Issues: In contrast to GSH conjugation to electrophiles that is aided by glutathione S-transferase (GST), persulfides and polysulfides can directly form conjugates with electrophiles without the catalytic actions of GST. The polysulfur bonds in the conjugates are further reduced by perthioanions and polythioanions derived from RSS to form sulfhydrated metabolites that are no longer electrophilic but rather nucleophilic, and differ from metabolites that are formed via GSH conjugation. Future Directions: In view of the abundance of RSS in cells and tissues, metabolism of xenobiotics that is mediated by RSS warrants additional investigations, such as studies of the impact of microbiota-derived RSS on xenobiotic metabolism. Metabolites formed from reactions between electrophiles and RSS may be potential biomarkers for monitoring exposure to electrophiles and for studying their metabolism by RSS. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 679-690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Glinka M, Jażdżewska K, Vakh C, Drążkowska I, Bagińska E, Majchrzak T, Młynarczyk M, Rachoń D, Wasik A, Płotka-Wasylka J. Assessment of baby disposable diapers application for urine collection and determination of phthalate metabolites. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116033. [PMID: 38335581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The baby disposable diapers were investigated as a sampling material for urine collection and validated for the evaluation of the exposure of children to xenobiotics. Phthalate metabolites detected in urine samples were chosen as proof-of-concept analytes. For the determination of phthalate metabolites in children's urine samples, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used. Two sampling approaches were compared, namely sterile containers and baby disposable diapers. Thirty urine samples from infants and toddlers were analyzed by both methods in parallel and the results were compared. It was found that for diaper sampling, lower concentrations of the metabolites were observed, however, the general distribution for particular metabolites remains the same for both methods. For most of the metabolites high determination coefficients were obtained, namely 0.9929 for MEHHP, 0.9836 for MMP, 0.9796 for MECPP, and 0.9784 for 2-cx-MMHP. For MEOHP the determination correlation coefficient was 0.9154, while for MBP was - 0.7771 and MEHP was - 0.5228. In general, for diaper sampling an underestimation for 2-cx-MMHP and MEOHP was observed, while for MMP diaper-based approach provides overestimation. However, the proposed procedure confirms the possibility of using baby disposable diapers as a material for the collection of urine samples for biomonitoring purposes and fast screening of phthalates exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Glinka
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jażdżewska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Christina Vakh
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland; EcoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabela Drążkowska
- Department of Neonatology, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland; Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bagińska
- Department of Neonatology, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Majchrzak
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Michał Młynarczyk
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Dominik Rachoń
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wasik
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland; BioTechMed Center, Research Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Santiago MSA, Avellar MCW, Perobelli JE. Could the gut microbiota be capable of making individuals more or less susceptible to environmental toxicants? Toxicology 2024; 503:153751. [PMID: 38354972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants are chemical substances capable to impair environmental quality and exert adverse effects on humans and other animals. The main routes of exposure to these pollutants are through the respiratory tract, skin, and oral ingestion. When ingested orally, they will encounter trillions of microorganisms that live in a community - the gut microbiota (GM). While pollutants can disrupt the GM balance, GM plays an essential role in the metabolism and bioavailability of these chemical compounds. Under physiological conditions, strategies used by the GM for metabolism and/or excretion of xenobiotics include reductive and hydrolytic transformations, lyase and functional group transfer reactions, and enzyme-mediated functional transformations. Simultaneously, the host performs metabolic processes based mainly on conjugation, oxidation, and hydrolysis reactions. Thus, due to the broad variety of bacterial enzymes present in GM, the repertoire of microbial transformations of chemicals is considered a key component of the machinery involved in the metabolism of pollutants in humans and other mammals. Among pollutants, metals deserve special attention once contamination by metals is a worldwide problem, and their adverse effects can be observed even at very low concentrations due to their toxic properties. In this review, bidirectional interaction between lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury and the host organism and its GM will be discussed given the most recent literature, presenting an analysis of the ability of GM to alter the host organism's susceptibility to the toxic effects of heavy metals, as well as evaluating the extent to which interventions targeting the microbiota could be potential initiatives to mitigate the adverse effects resulting from poisoning by heavy metals. This study is the first to highlight the overlap between some of the bacteria found to be altered by metal exposure and the bacteria that also aid the host organism in the metabolism of these metals. This could be a key factor to determine the beneficial species able to minimize the toxicity of metals in future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella S A Santiago
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Maria Christina W Avellar
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Perobelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil.
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Knauer JF, Schulz C, Zemella A, Wüstenhagen DA, Walter RM, Küpper JH, Kubick S. Synthesis of mono Cytochrome P450 in a modified CHO-CPR cell-free protein production platform. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1271. [PMID: 38218994 PMCID: PMC10787779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a group of monooxygenases that can be found in almost all kinds of organisms. For CYPs to receive electrons from co-substrate NADPH, the activity of NADPH-Cytochrome-P450-oxidoreductase (CPR) is required as well. In humans, CYPs are an integral part of liver-based phase-1 biotransformation, which is essential for the metabolization of multiple xenobiotics and drugs. Consequently, CYPs are important players during drug development and therefore these enzymes are implemented in diverse screening applications. For these applications it is usually advantageous to use mono CYP microsomes containing only the CYP of interest. The generation of mono-CYP containing mammalian cells and vesicles is difficult since endogenous CYPs are present in many cell types that contain the necessary co-factors. By obtaining translationally active lysates from a modified CHO-CPR cell line, it is now possible to generate mono CYPs in a cell-free protein synthesis process in a straightforward manner. As a proof of principle, the synthesis of active human CYPs from three different CYP450 gene families (CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4), which are of outstanding interest in industry and academia was demonstrated. Luciferase based activity assays confirm the activity of the produced CYPs and enable the individual adaptation of the synthesis process for efficient cell-free enzyme production. Furthermore, they allow for substrate and inhibitor screenings not only for wild-type CYPs but also for mutants and further CYP isoforms and variants. As an example, the turnover of selected CYP substrates by cell-free synthesized CYPs was demonstrated via an indirect luciferase assay-based screening setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Felix Knauer
- Fraunhofer Project Group PZ-Syn of the Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Fraunhofer Project Group PZ-Syn of the Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Doreen A Wüstenhagen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ruben Magnus Walter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus -Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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6
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Merlin JPJ, Crous A, Abrahamse H. Nano-phototherapy: Favorable prospects for cancer treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1930. [PMID: 37752098 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based phototherapies have drawn interest in the fight against cancer because of its noninvasiveness, high flexibility, and precision in terms of cancer targeting and drug delivery based on its surface properties and size. Phototherapy has made remarkable development in recent decades. Approaches to phototherapy, which utilize nanomaterials or nanotechnology have emerged to contribute to advances around nanotechnologies in medicine, particularly for cancers. A brief overviews of the development of photodynamic therapy as well as its mechanism in cancer treatment is provided. We emphasize the design of novel nanoparticles utilized in photodynamic therapy while summarizing the representative progress during the recent years. Finally, to forecast important future research in this area, we examine the viability and promise of photodynamic therapy systems based on nanoparticles in clinical anticancer treatment applications and briefly make mention of the elimination of all reactive metabolites pertaining to nano formulations inside living organisms providing insight into clinical mechanistic processes. Future developments and therapeutic prospects for photodynamic treatments are anticipated. Our viewpoints might encourage scientists to create more potent phototherapy-based cancer therapeutic modalities. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jose Merlin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Narasimhamurthy RK, Venkidesh BS, Nayak S, Reghunathan D, Mallya S, Sharan K, Rao BSS, Mumbrekar KD. Low-dose exposure to malathion and radiation results in the dysregulation of multiple neuronal processes, inducing neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration in mouse. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1403-1418. [PMID: 38038914 PMCID: PMC10789675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a debilitating and persistent threat to the global elderly population, carrying grim outcomes. Their genesis is often multifactorial, with a history of prior exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides, heavy metals, enviornmental pollutants, ionizing radiation etc,. A holistic molecular insight into their mechanistic induction upon single or combinatorial exposure to different toxicants is still unclear. In the present study, one-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were administered orally with malathion (50 mg/kg body wt. for 14 days) and single whole-body radiation (0.5 Gy) on the 8th day. Post-treatment, behavioural assays for exploratory behaviour, memory, and learning were performed. After sacrifice, brains were collected for histology, biochemical assays, and transcriptomic analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed several altered processes like synaptic transmission and plasticity, neuronal survival, proliferation, and death. Signalling pathways like MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Apelin, NF-κB, cAMP, Notch etc., and pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases were altered. Increased astrogliosis was observed in the radiation and coexposure groups, with significant neuronal cell death and a reduction in the expression of NeuN. Sholl analysis, dendritic arborization and spine density studies revealed decreased total apical neuronal path length and dendritic spine density. Reduced levels of the antioxidants GST and GSH and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity were also detected. However, no changes were seen in exploratory behaviour or learning and memory post-treatment. Thus, explicating the molecular mechanisms behind malathion and radiation can provide novel insights into external factor-driven neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Koravadi Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Babu Santhi Venkidesh
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeetha Nayak
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Reghunathan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
- Directorate of Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Rakateli L, Huchzermeier R, van der Vorst EPC. AhR, PXR and CAR: From Xenobiotic Receptors to Metabolic Sensors. Cells 2023; 12:2752. [PMID: 38067179 PMCID: PMC10705969 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, xenobiotic receptors are known for their role in chemical sensing and detoxification, as receptor activation regulates the expression of various key enzymes and receptors. However, recent studies have highlighted that xenobiotic receptors also play a key role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and therefore function also as metabolic sensors. Since dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for various cardiometabolic diseases, like atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, it is of major importance to understand the molecular mechanisms that are regulated by xenobiotic receptors. In this review, three major xenobiotic receptors will be discussed, being the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Specifically, this review will focus on recent insights into the metabolic functions of these receptors, especially in the field of lipid metabolism and the associated dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonida Rakateli
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.R.); (R.H.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rosanna Huchzermeier
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.R.); (R.H.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.R.); (R.H.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Rodrigues-Fernandes CI, Martins-Chaves RR, Vitório JG, Duarte-Andrade FF, Pereira TDSF, Soares CD, Moreira VR, Lebron YAR, Santos LVDS, Lange LC, Canuto GAB, Gomes CC, de Macedo AN, Pontes HAR, Burbano RMR, Martins MD, Pires FR, Mesquita RA, Gomez RS, Santos-Silva AR, Lopes MA, Vargas PA, Fonseca FP. The altered metabolic pathways of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:1771-1781. [PMID: 37462418 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2234523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolic fingerprints of Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL NOS) may offer novel opportunities to identify new biomarkers and improve the understanding of its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the modified metabolic pathways in extranodal, germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB DLBCL NOS from the head and neck. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from eleven DLBCL NOS classified according to Hans' algorithm using immunohistochemistry, and five normal lymphoid tissues (LT) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis showed that GCB and non-GCB DLBCL NOS have a distinct metabolomics profile, being the former more similar to normal lymphoid tissues. Metabolite pathway enrichment analysis indicated the following altered pathways: arachidonic acid, tyrosine, xenobiotics, vitamin E metabolism, and vitamin A. Our findings support that GCB and non-GCB DLBCL NOS has a distinct metabolomic profile, in which GCB possibly shares more metabolic similarities with LT than non-GCB DLBCL NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Isabelly Rodrigues-Fernandes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Rayra Martins-Chaves
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gardone Vitório
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Filipe Fideles Duarte-Andrade
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís Dos Santos Fontes Pereira
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Rezende Moreira
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Liséte Celina Lange
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gisele André Baptista Canuto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cavaliéri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adriana Nori de Macedo
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes
- Service of Oral Pathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ramôa Pires
- Oral Pathology, Dental School, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Bharathi SD, Dilshani A, Rishivanthi S, Khaitan P, Vamsidhar A, Jacob S. Resource Recycling, Recovery, and Xenobiotic Remediation from E-wastes Through Biofilm Technology: A Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5669-5692. [PMID: 35796946 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Around 50 million tonnes of electronic waste has been generated globally per year, causing an environmental hazard and negative effects on human health, such as infertility and thyroid disorders in adults, endocrine and neurological damage in both animals and humans, and impaired mental and physical development in children. Out of that, only 15% is recycled each year and the remaining is disposed of in a landfill, illegally traded or burned, and treated in a sub-standard way. The processes of recycling are challenged by the presence of brominated flame retardants. The different recycling technologies such as the chemical and mechanical methods have been well studied, while the most promising approach is the biological method. The process of utilizing microbes to decontaminate and degrade a wide range of pollutants into harmless products is known as bioremediation and it is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable method. The bioremediation process is significantly aided by biofilm communities attached to electronic waste because they promote substrate bioavailability, metabolite transfer, and cell viability, all of which accelerate bioleaching and biodegradation. Microbes existing in biofilm mode relatable to free-floating planktonic cells are advantageous of bioremediation due to their tolerant ability to environmental stress and pollutants through diverse catabolic pathways. This article discusses the harmful effects of electronic waste and its management using biological strategies especially biofilm-forming communities for resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Deepika Bharathi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aswin Dilshani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Rishivanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratham Khaitan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adhinarayan Vamsidhar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Bhadra S, Chettri D, Kumar Verma A. Biosurfactants: Secondary Metabolites Involved in the Process of Bioremediation and Biofilm Removal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5541-5567. [PMID: 35579742 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for environmentally friendly methods to remove persistent substances such as organic pollutants and sessile communities such as biofilms that severely affect the environment and human health resulted in biosurfactant discovery. Owing to their low level of toxicity and high biodegradability, biosurfactants are increasingly preferred to be used for removal of pollutants from nature. These amphipathic molecules can be synthesized inexpensively, employing cheap substrates such as agricultural and industrial wastes. Recent progress has been made in identifying various biosurfactants that can be used to remove organic pollutants and harmful microbial aggregates, as well as novel microbial strains that produce these surface-active molecules to survive in a hydrocarbon-rich environment. This review focuses on the identification and understanding the role of biosurfactants and the microorganisms involved in the removal of biofilms and remediation of xenobiotics and various types of hydrocarbons such as crude oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, asphaltenes, naphthenes, and other petroleum products. This property of biosurfactant is very important as biofilms are of great concern due to their impact on the environment, public health, and industries worldwide. This work also includes several advanced molecular methods that can be used to enhance the production of biosurfactants by the microorganisms studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Bhadra
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India.
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12
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Tsiara I, Riemer A, Correia MSP, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Globisch D. Immobilized Enzymes on Magnetic Beads for Separate Mass Spectrometric Investigation of Human Phase II Metabolite Classes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12565-12571. [PMID: 37552796 PMCID: PMC10456218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The human body has evolved to remove xenobiotics through a multistep clearance process. Non-endogenous metabolites are converted through a series of phase I and different phase II enzymes into compounds with higher hydrophilicity. These compounds are important for diverse research fields such as toxicology, nutrition, biomarker discovery, doping control, and microbiome metabolism. One of the challenges in these research fields has been the investigation of the two major phase II modifications, sulfation and glucuronidation, and the corresponding unconjugated aglycon independently. We have now developed a new methodology utilizing an immobilized arylsulfatase and an immobilized β-glucuronidase to magnetic beads for treatment of human urine samples. The enzyme activities remained the same compared to the enzyme in solution. The separate mass spectrometric investigation of each metabolite class in a single sample was successfully applied to obtain the dietary glucuronidation and sulfation profile of 116 compounds. Our new chemical biology strategy provides a new tool for the investigation of metabolites in biological samples with the potential for broad-scale application in metabolomics, nutrition, and microbiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tsiara
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amelie Riemer
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mario S. P. Correia
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Singh VK, Gunasekaran P, Kumari M, Krishnan D, Ramachandran VK. Animal sourced biopolymer for mitigating xenobiotics and hazardous materials. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Over the past several decades, xenobiotic chemicals have badly affected the environment including human health, ecosystem and environment. Animal-sourced biopolymers have been employed for the removal of heavy metals and organic dyes from the contaminated soil and waste waters. Animal-sourced biopolymers are biocompatible, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable in nature which make them a favorable choice for the mitigation of xenobiotic and hazardous compounds. Chitin/chitosan, collagen, gelatin, keratin, and silk fibroin-based biopolymers are the most commonly used biopolymers. This chapter reviews the current challenge faced in applying these animal-based biopolymers in eliminating/neutralizing various recalcitrant chemicals and dyes from the environment. This chapter ends with the discussion on the recent advancements and future development in the employability of these biopolymers in such environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar Singh
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , VPO Kamand , Mandi , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Priya Gunasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Ramapuram , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Medha Kumari
- Brainology Research Fellow, Neuroscience and Microplastic Lab , Brainology Scientific Academy of Jharkhand , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India
| | - Dolly Krishnan
- Secretary cum Founder Director, Research Wing , Brainology Scientific Academy of Jharkhand , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Ramapuram , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India
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14
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Heritable Risk and Protective Genetic Components of Glaucoma Medication Non-Adherence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065636. [PMID: 36982708 PMCID: PMC10058353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, affecting 76 million globally. It is characterized by irreversible damage to the optic nerve. Pharmacotherapy manages intraocular pressure (IOP) and slows disease progression. However, non-adherence to glaucoma medications remains problematic, with 41–71% of patients being non-adherent to their prescribed medication. Despite substantial investment in research, clinical effort, and patient education protocols, non-adherence remains high. Therefore, we aimed to determine if there is a substantive genetic component behind patients’ glaucoma medication non-adherence. We assessed glaucoma medication non-adherence with prescription refill data from the Marshfield Clinic Healthcare System’s pharmacy dispensing database. Two standard measures were calculated: the medication possession ratio (MPR) and the proportion of days covered (PDC). Non-adherence on each metric was defined as less than 80% medication coverage over 12 months. Genotyping was done using the Illumina HumanCoreExome BeadChip in addition to exome sequencing on the 230 patients (1) to calculate the heritability of glaucoma medication non-adherence and (2) to identify SNPs and/or coding variants in genes associated with medication non-adherence. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was utilized to derive biological meaning from any significant genes in aggregate. Over 12 months, 59% of patients were found to be non-adherent as measured by the MPR80, and 67% were non-adherent as measured by the PDC80. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) suggested that 57% (MPR80) and 48% (PDC80) of glaucoma medication non-adherence could be attributed to a genetic component. Missense mutations in TTC28, KIAA1731, ADAMTS5, OR2W3, OR10A6, SAXO2, KCTD18, CHCHD6, and UPK1A were all found to be significantly associated with glaucoma medication non-adherence by whole exome sequencing after Bonferroni correction (p < 10−3) (PDC80). While missense mutations in TINAG, CHCHD6, GSTZ1, and SEMA4G were found to be significantly associated with medication non-adherence by whole exome sequencing after Bonferroni correction (p < 10−3) (MPR80). The same coding SNP in CHCHD6 which functions in Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology was significant by both measures and increased risk for glaucoma medication non-adherence by three-fold (95% CI, 1.62–5.8). Although our study was underpowered for genome-wide significance, SNP rs6474264 within ZMAT4 (p = 5.54 × 10–6) was found to be nominally significant, with a decreased risk for glaucoma medication non-adherence (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.11–0.42)). IPA demonstrated significant overlap, utilizing, both standard measures including opioid signaling, drug metabolism, and synaptogenesis signaling. CREB signaling in neurons (which is associated with enhancing the baseline firing rate for the formation of long-term potentiation in nerve fibers) was shown to have protective associations. Our results suggest a substantial heritable genetic component to glaucoma medication non-adherence (47–58%). This finding is in line with genetic studies of other conditions with a psychiatric component (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or alcohol dependence). Our findings suggest both risk and protective statistically significant genes/pathways underlying glaucoma medication non-adherence for the first time. Further studies investigating more diverse populations with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
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15
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Wang X, Zhong L, Zou X, Gong L, Zhuang J, Zhang D, Zheng H, Wang X, Wu D, Zhan R, Chen L. GC-MS and UHPLC-QTOFMS-assisted identification of the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in key tissues of Pogostemon cablin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1098280. [PMID: 36923120 PMCID: PMC10009150 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1098280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin is an important aromatic medicinal herb widely used in the pharmaceutical and perfume industries. However, our understanding of the phytochemical compounds and metabolites within P. cablin remains limited. To our knowledge, no integrated studies have hitherto been conducted on the metabolites of the aerial parts of P. cablin. In this study, twenty-three volatile compounds from the aerial parts of P. cablin were identified by GC-MS, predominantly sesquiterpenes. Quantitative analysis showed the highest level of patchouli alcohol in leaves (24.89 mg/g), which was 9.12 and 6.69-fold higher than in stems and flowers. UHPLC-QTOFMS was used to analyze the non-volatile compounds of leaf, stem and flower tissues. The differences in metabolites between flower and leaf tissues were the largest. Based on 112, 77 and 83 differential metabolites between flower-leaf, flower-stem and leaf-stem, three tissue-specific biomarkers of metabolites were identified, and the differential metabolites were enriched in several KEGG pathways. Furthermore, labeling differential metabolites in the primary and secondary metabolic pathways showed that flowers accumulated more lipids and amino acids, including proline, lysine and tryptophan; the leaves accumulated higher levels of terpenoids, vitamins and flavonoids, and stems contained higher levels of carbohydrate compounds. Based on the role of acetyl coenzyme A, the distribution and possible exchange mechanism of metabolites in leaves, stems and flowers of P. cablin were mapped for the first time, laying the groundwork for future research on the metabolites in P. cablin and their regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Zhong
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Gong
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiexuan Zhuang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daidi Wu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Likai Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China
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16
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Poudel S, Huber AD, Chen T. Regulation of Nuclear Receptors PXR and CAR by Small Molecules and Signal Crosstalk: Roles in Drug Metabolism and Beyond. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:228-236. [PMID: 36116789 PMCID: PMC9900866 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Since their discoveries, they have been studied as important factors for regulating processes related to drug efficacy, drug toxicity, and drug-drug interactions. However, their vast ligand-binding profiles extend into additional spaces, such as endogenously produced chemicals, microbiome metabolites, dietary compounds, and environmental pollutants. Therefore, PXR and CAR can respond to an enormous abundance of stimuli, resulting in significant shifts in metabolic programs and physiologic homeostasis. Naturally, PXR and CAR have been implicated in various diseases related to homeostatic perturbations, such as inflammatory bowel disorders, diabetes, and certain cancers. Recent findings have injected the field with new signaling mechanisms and tools to dissect the complex PXR and CAR biology and have strengthened the potential for future PXR and CAR modulators in the clinic. Here, we describe the historical and ongoing importance of PXR and CAR in drug metabolism pathways and how this history has evolved into new mechanisms that regulate and are regulated by these xenobiotic receptors, with a specific focus on small molecule ligands. To effectively convey the impact of newly emerging research, we have arranged five diverse and representative key recent advances, four specific challenges, and four perspectives on future directions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PXR and CAR are key transcription factors that regulate homeostatic detoxification of the liver and intestines. Diverse chemicals bind to these nuclear receptors, triggering their transcriptional tuning of the cellular metabolic response. This minireview revisits the importance of PXR and CAR in pharmaceutical drug responses and highlights recent results with implications beyond drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyaron Poudel
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew D Huber
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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17
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Abdulrahman Alrabiah N, Simintiras CA, Evans ACO, Lonergan P, Fair T. Biochemical alterations in the follicular fluid of bovine peri-ovulatory follicles and association with final oocyte maturation. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 4:RAF-22-0090. [PMID: 36547396 PMCID: PMC9874974 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular fluid (FF), a product of vascular transudate and granulosa and thecal cell secretions, is the milieu that has evolved to support oocyte growth and maturation which plays a central role in oocyte quality determination. Therefore, a suboptimal FF composition may be reflected in compromised oocyte progression through maturation, fertilization or embryo development. To date, the composition of bovine FF remains understudied. To address this, we comprehensively characterized the metabolomic constituency of bovine FF in the period during which the oocyte undergoes meiotic maturation. More specifically, FF from pre (-24 h) and peri (-2 h) -ovulatory follicles was profiled by high-throughput untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. A total of 634 metabolites were identified, comprising: lipids (37.1%), amino acids (30.0%), xenobiotics (11.5%), nucleotides (6.8%), carbohydrates (4.4%), cofactors and vitamins (4.4%), peptides (3.6%) and energy substrates (2.1%). The concentrations of 67 metabolites were significantly affected by stage of follicle development, 33.3% (n=21) were reduced (P≤0.05) by a mean of 9.0-fold, whereas 46 were elevated (P≤0.05) by a mean of 1.7-fold in peri vs. pre -ovulatory FF. The most pronounced individual metabolite concentration decreases were hypoxanthine (98.9-fold), xanthine (65.7-fold), 17β-oestradiol (12.4-fold), and inosine (4.6-fold). In contrast, the greatest increases were in retinal (4.9-fold), 1-methyl-5-imidazoleacetate (2.7-fold), and isovalerylcarnitine (2.7-fold). This global metabolomic analysis of bovine FF temporal dynamics provides new information for understanding the environment supporting oocyte maturation and facilitating ovulation, that has the potential for improving oocyte quality both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noof Abdulrahman Alrabiah
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Constantine A Simintiras
- School of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Jillani SMS, Baig U, Waheed A, Ansari MA. NH 2-CuO-MCM-41 covalently cross-linked multipurpose membrane for applications in water treatment: Removal of hazardous pollutants from water, water desalination and anti-biofouling performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135592. [PMID: 35803377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study was planned to fabricate a new set of membranes to target multiple application areas such as desalting, removal of micropollutants and antibiofouling performance. In-situ incorporated copper oxide to MCM-41 (CuO-MCM-41) was synthesized and amine (-NH2) functionalized by reacting with N1-(3-trimethoxy silylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (NTSDETA) yielding NH2-CuO-MCM-41. Different concentrations of NH2-CuO-MCM-41 were covalently cross-linked in polyamide active layer during interfacial polymerization (IP) between N, N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) on polysulfone/poly ester terephthalate (PS/PET) support. The membranes were extensively characterized by Water Contact Angle (WCA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Elemental mapping and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). From among the different versions of X-CuO-MCM-41/PA@PS/PET membranes, the 0.05%-CuO-MCM-41/PA@PS/PET membrane showed best performance in terms of rejecting a variety of salts, micropollutants and antibiofouling. The 0.05%-CuO-MCM-41/PA@PS/PET showed >98% rejection of MgCl2 and 78% rejection of caffeine with a permeate flux of 16 LMH at 25 bar. The 0.1-NH2-CuO-MCM-41inhibited S. aureus growth by 51.7%. Hence, the current strategy of membrane fabrication proved to be highly efficient for multipurpose applications in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umair Baig
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Epidemic Disease Research Department, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Singh S, Verma T, Nandi D, Umapathy S. Herbicides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid and Glyphosate Induce Distinct Biochemical Changes in E. coli during Phenotypic Antibiotic Resistance: A Raman Spectroscopic Study. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8140-8154. [PMID: 36205931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major global health concern. The increased use of herbicides may lead to multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Conventional techniques for diagnosing antibiotic resistance are laborious, time-intensive, expensive, and lack information about antibiotic susceptibility. On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy is a rapid, label-free, noninvasive alternative to traditional techniques to detect antibiotic resistance. In this study, two popular herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) were used to study their effects on the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The Escherichia coli wild-type (WT) MG1655 strain and two isogenic mutants, Δlon and ΔacrB, were used together with Raman spectroscopy. The WT E. coli is sensitive to antibiotics, but exposure to both herbicides induces antibiotic resistance. Using an excitation wavelength of 785 nm, the intensity ratios (e.g., I740/I785, I740/I1003, I1480/I1445, I2934/I2868, and I2934/I2845) were identified as biomarkers to study the induction of antibiotic resistance in bacteria but not NaCl-mediated stress. Using an excitation wavelength of 633 nm, the peak intensity at 740 cm-1 assigned to cytochrome bd decreases under antibiotic stress but increases upon exposure to both herbicides and antibiotics, indicating the development of resistance. Thus, this study can be applied to monitor antibiotic resistance using Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Taru Verma
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India.,Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Zapico A, Arboleya S, Ruiz-Saavedra S, Gómez-Martín M, Salazar N, Nogacka AM, Gueimonde M, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, González S. Dietary xenobiotics, (poly)phenols and fibers: Exploring associations with gut microbiota in socially vulnerable individuals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1000829. [PMID: 36313092 PMCID: PMC9597247 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although xenobiotics derived from food processing may cause modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota (GM) evidence is scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of potential dietary carcinogens as heterocyclic amines (HAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrates, nitrites, nitroso compounds and acrylamide, in combination to fibers (poly)phenols on the GM composition in a group of materially deprived subjects. Study design Transversal observational study in a sample of 19 subjects recipients of Red Cross food aid. Dietary information was recorded by means of 3 non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Questions focused on the type of cooking and the extent of cooking and roasting were included. Information on potential carcinogens was mainly obtained from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) Carcinogen Databases. Microbial composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in fecal samples. Results Higher levels of Lachnospiraceae and Eggerthellaceae families were found in individuals consuming less than 50 ng/day of 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo (4,5,f) quinoxaline (MeIQx) (considered as lower risk dose for colorectal adenoma) while those consuming more than 40 ng/day of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4,5,b) pyridine (PhIP) (higher risk for colorectal adenoma) showed lower relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and greater presence of Streptococcaceae and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. Conclusion The associations identified between diet and processing by-products on GM in this study could be used as potential targets for the designing of dietary interventions tailored to this collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Martín
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Alicja M. Nogacka
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain,*Correspondence: Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán,
| | - Sonia González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Diet Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Sonia González,
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21
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Tic disorders, anti‐tic medications, and risk of atopy. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:879-885. [DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Veshkini A, M Hammon H, Vogel L, Delosière M, Viala D, Dèjean S, Tröscher A, Ceciliani F, Sauerwein H, Bonnet M. Liver proteome profiling in dairy cows during the transition from gestation to lactation: Effects of supplementation with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids as explored by PLS-DA. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104436. [PMID: 34839038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the synergistic effects of essential fatty acids (EFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on the liver proteome profile of dairy cows during the transition to lactation. 16 Holstein cows were infused from 9 wk. antepartum to 9 wk. postpartum into the abomasum with either coconut oil (CTRL) or a mixture of EFA (linseed + safflower oil) and CLA (EFA + CLA). Label-free quantitative proteomics was performed in liver tissue biopsied at days -21, +1, +28, and + 63 relative to calving. Differentially abundant proteins (DAP) between treatment groups were identified at the intersection between a multivariate and a univariate analysis. In total, 1680 proteins were identified at each time point, of which between groups DAP were assigned to the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, steroid hormone biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and glutathione metabolism. Cytochrome P450, as a central hub, enriched with specific CYP enzymes comprising: CYP51A1 (d - 21), CYP1A1 & CYP4F2 (d + 28), and CYP4V2 (d + 63). Collectively, supplementation of EFA + CLA in transition cows impacted hepatic lipid metabolism and enriched several common biological pathways at all time points that were mainly related to ω-oxidation of fatty acids through the Cytochrome p450 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE: In three aspects this manuscript is notable. First, this is among the first longitudinal proteomics studies in nutrition of dairy cows. The selected time points are critical periods around parturition with profound endocrine and metabolic adaptations. Second, our findings provided novel information on key drivers of biologically relevant pathways suggested according to previously reported performance, zootechnical, and metabolism data (already published elsewhere). Third, our results revealed the role of cytochrome P450 that is hardly investigated, and of ω-oxidation pathways in the metabolism of fatty acids with the involvement of specific enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Veshkini
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Harald M Hammon
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Laura Vogel
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mylène Delosière
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Didier Viala
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Sèbastien Dèjean
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Banerjee A, Roychoudhury A. Explicating the cross-talks between nanoparticles, signaling pathways and nutrient homeostasis during environmental stresses and xenobiotic toxicity for sustainable cultivation of cereals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131827. [PMID: 34403897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Precision farming using nanoparticles is a cutting-edge technology for safe cultivation of crop plants in marginal areas afflicted with environmental/climatic stresses like salinity, drought, extremes of temperature, ultraviolet B stress or polluted with xenobiotics like toxic heavy metals and fluoride. Major cereal crops like rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum and millets which provide the staple food for the entire global population are mainly glycophytes and are extremely susceptible to abiotic stress-induced oxidative injuries. Nanofertilization/exogenous spraying of beneficial nanoparticles alleviates the oxidative damages in cereals by altering the homeostasis of phytohormones like abscisic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, auxins, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and melatonin and by triggering the synthesis of gasotransmitter nitric oxide. Signaling cross-talks of nanoparticles with plant growth regulators enable activation of the defence machinery, comprising of antioxidants, thiol-rich compounds and glyoxalases and restrict xenobiotic mobilization by suppressing the expression of associated transporters. Accelerated nutrient uptake and grain biofortification under the influence of nanoparticles result in optimum crop productivity under sub-optimal conditions. However, over-dosing of even beneficial nanoparticles promotes severe phytotoxicity. Hence, the concentration of nanoparticles and mode of administering need to be thoroughly standardized before large-scale field applications, to ensure sustainable cereal cultivation with minimum ecological imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India.
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Chen R, Zheng J, Li L, Li C, Chao K, Zeng Z, Chen M, Zhang S. Metabolomics facilitate the personalized management in inflammatory bowel disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211064489. [PMID: 34987610 PMCID: PMC8721420 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211064489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation and mucosal lesions. Reliable biomarkers for monitoring disease activity, predicting therapeutic response, and disease relapse are needed in the personalized management of IBD. Given the alterations in metabolomic profiles observed in patients with IBD, metabolomics, a new and developing technique for the qualitative and quantitative study of small metabolite molecules, offers another possibility for identifying candidate markers and promising predictive models. With increasing research on metabolomics, it is gradually considered that metabolomics will play a significant role in the management of IBD. In this review, we summarize the role of metabolomics in the assessment of disease activity, including endoscopic activity and histological activity, prediction of therapeutic response, prediction of relapse, and other aspects concerning disease management in IBD. Furthermore, we describe the limitations of metabolomics and highlight some solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rirong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jieqi Zheng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kang Chao
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
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25
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Řimnáčová L, Moos M, Opekar S, Vodrážka P, Pejchal V, Mráz J, Šimek P. Ethyl chloroformate mediated gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric biomonitoring of acidic biomarkers of occupational exposure and endogenous metabolites in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1656:462547. [PMID: 34551321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous industrial organic pollutants such as aromates, alkoxyalcohols, other organic solvents and monomers are absorbed, metabolized, and finally excreted in urine mostly as carboxylic acids that are determined as biomarkers of exposure. For a number of these xenometabolites, biological limits (levels of biomarkers in biological material) have been established to prevent damage to human health. Till now, most of the analytical procedures used have been optimized for one or a few analytes. Here, we report a more comprehensive approach enabling rapid GC-MS screening of sixteen acidic biomarkers in urine that are metabolized in the human body from several important industrial chemicals; benzene, toluene, styrene, xylenes, alkoxyalcohols, carbon disulfide, furfural and N,N-dimethylformamide. The new method involves immediate in situ derivatization - liquid liquid microextraction of urine by an ethyl chloroformate-ethanol-chloroform-pyridine medium and GC-MS analysis of the derivatized analytes in the lower organic phase. The xenometabolite set represents diverse chemical structures and some of hippuric and mercapturic acids also provided unusual derivatives that were unambiguously elucidated by means of new ethyl chloroformates labeled with stable isotopes and by synthesis of the missing reference standards. In the next step, an automated routine was developed for GC-MS/MS analysis using a MetaboAuto® sample preparation workstation and the new method was validated for fourteen metabolites over the relevant concentration range of each analyte in the spiked pooled human urine. It shows good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.982), accuracy (from 85% to 120%), precision (from 0.7% to 20%) and recovery (from 89% to 120%). The method performance was further successfully proved by GC-MS/MS analysis of the certified IP45 and RM6009 reference urines. Moreover, we show that the new method opens up the possibility for biomonitoring of combined and cumulative occupational exposures as well as for urinary metabolite profiling of persons exposed to harmful industrial chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Řimnáčová
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Opekar
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodrážka
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Pejchal
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Studentská 95, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mráz
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 49/48, Prague 10 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Health Sciences, Boreckého 1167/27, České Budějovice 37011, Czech Republic.
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26
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Yang X, Peng H, Luo Z, Luo A, Cai M, Xu L, Wang H. The dietary carcinogen PhIP activates p53-dependent DNA damage response in the colon of CYP1A-humanized mice. Biofactors 2021; 47:612-626. [PMID: 33811687 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Species differences in the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 are critical in evaluating the use of experimental animals in studying toxic compounds relevant to human diseases. 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), which is produced by high-temperature cooking of fish and meat, is activated to become a carcinogen by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) through N2 -hydroxylation in humans, but is detoxified by Cyp1a2 through 4'-hydroxylation in mice. CYP1A-humanized (hCYP1A) mice, in which mouse Cyp1a is replaced with human CYP1A, show constitutive human xenobiotic metabolism by hCYP1A, thereby serving as a suitable model for studying PhIP. Previous studies have demonstrated that oral administration of PhIP induces colon tumors in hCYP1A mice; however, these studies used a super-high dose, raising concerns regarding the relevance of the mechanism to human cancer. Herein, we systematically investigated PhIP-induced colon carcinogenesis in hCYP1A mice treated with lower doses. We found that a dose 2000 times lower than that used previously, which is comparable to human daily intake levels, could induce colon tumors, albeit at a lower incidence rate. We further investigated the transcriptome changes in the colon of hCYP1A mice treated with PhIP and identified that PhIP treatment increased the expression of Bax, Btg2, Ccng1, Cdkn1a, and Trp53inp1 and decreased the expression of Igf1 and Ccnd1. Since these genes are key components of the p53-dependent DNA damage response, the altered expression patterns indicated PhIP-induced DNA damage in hCYP1A mice. Together, these results prove that hCYP1A mice are suitable for studying PhIP-induced carcinogenesis and show that PhIP is an important colorectal cancer carcinogen in human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxia Peng
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyan Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ailing Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mansi Cai
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Pan-Resistome Insights into the Multidrug Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050596. [PMID: 34069870 PMCID: PMC8157372 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for many nosocomial infections. This etiologic agent has acquired, over the years, multiple mechanisms of resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials and the ability to survive in different environments. In this context, our study aims to elucidate the resistome from the A. baumannii strains based on phylogenetic, phylogenomic, and comparative genomics analyses. In silico analysis of the complete genomes of A. baumannii strains was carried out to identify genes involved in the resistance mechanisms and the phylogenetic relationships and grouping of the strains based on the sequence type. The presence of genomic islands containing most of the resistance gene repertoire indicated high genomic plasticity, which probably enabled the acquisition of resistance genes and the formation of a robust resistome. A. baumannii displayed an open pan-genome and revealed a still constant genetic permutation among their strains. Furthermore, the resistance genes suggest a specific profile within the species throughout its evolutionary history. Moreover, the current study performed screening and characterization of the main genes present in the resistome, which can be used in applied research to develop new therapeutic methods to control this important bacterial pathogen.
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Jeong HH, Jia J, Dai Y, Simon LM, Zhao Z. Investigating Cellular Trajectories in the Severity of COVID-19 and Their Transcriptional Programs Using Machine Learning Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:635. [PMID: 33923155 PMCID: PMC8145325 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from COVID-19 patients has enabled us to examine gene expression changes of human tissue in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. However, the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis at single-cell resolution, its transcriptional drivers, and dynamics require further investigation. In this study, we applied machine learning algorithms to infer the trajectories of cellular changes and identify their transcriptional programs. Our study generated cellular trajectories that show the COVID-19 pathogenesis of healthy-to-moderate and healthy-to-severe on macrophages and T cells, and we observed more diverse trajectories in macrophages compared to T cells. Furthermore, our deep-learning algorithm DrivAER identified several pathways (e.g., xenobiotic pathway and complement pathway) and transcription factors (e.g., MITF and GATA3) that could be potential drivers of the transcriptomic changes for COVID-19 pathogenesis and the markers of the COVID-19 severity. Moreover, macrophages-related functions corresponded more to the disease severity compared to T cells-related functions. Our findings more proficiently dissected the transcriptomic changes leading to the severity of a COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hwan Jeong
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.-H.J.); (J.J.); (Y.D.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Johnathan Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.-H.J.); (J.J.); (Y.D.); (L.M.S.)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.-H.J.); (J.J.); (Y.D.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Lukas M. Simon
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.-H.J.); (J.J.); (Y.D.); (L.M.S.)
- Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.-H.J.); (J.J.); (Y.D.); (L.M.S.)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Bauset C, Gisbert-Ferrándiz L, Cosín-Roger J. Metabolomics as a Promising Resource Identifying Potential Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040622. [PMID: 33562024 PMCID: PMC7915257 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a relapsing chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by disruption of epithelial barrier function and excessive immune response to gut microbiota. The lack of biomarkers providing early diagnosis or defining the status of the pathology difficulties an accurate assessment of the disease. Given the different metabolomic profiles observed in IBD patients, metabolomics may reveal prime candidates to be studied, which may help in understanding the pathology and identifying novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the most current advances describing the promising metabolites such as lipids or amino acids found through untargeted metabolomics from serum, faecal, urine and biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bauset
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Laura Gisbert-Ferrándiz
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963851234
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Lawrie RD, Mitchell RD, Dhammi A, Wallace A, Hodgson E, Roe RM. Role of long non-coding RNA in DEET- and fipronil-mediated alteration of transcripts associated with Phase I and Phase II xenobiotic metabolism in human primary hepatocytes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 167:104607. [PMID: 32527422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to environmental chemicals both individually and in combination occurs frequently world-wide most often with unknown consequences. Use of molecular approaches to aide in the assessment of risk involved in chemical exposure is a growing field in toxicology. In this study, we examined the impact of two environmental chemicals used in and around homes, the insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil (fluocyanobenpyrazole) on transcript levels of enzymes potentially involved in xenobiotic metabolism and on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Primary human hepatocytes were treated with these two chemicals both individually and in combination. Using RNA-Seq, we found that 10 major enzyme categories involved in phase 1 and phase 2 xenobiotic metabolism were significantly (α = 0.05) up- and down-regulated (i.e., 100 μM DEET-19 transcripts, 89% up and 11% down; 10 μM fipronil-52 transcripts, 53% up and 47% down; and 100 μM DEET +10 μM fipronil-69 transcripts, 43% up and 57% down). The altered genes were then mapped to the human genome and their proximity (within 1,000,000 bp) to lncRNAs examined. Unique proximities were discovered between altered lncRNA and altered P450s (CYP) and other enzymes (DEET, 2 CYP; Fipronil, 6 CYP and 15 other; and DEET + fipronil, 7 CYP and 21 other). Many of the altered P450 transcripts were in multiple clusters in the genome with proximal altered lncRNAs, suggesting a regulator function for the lncRNA. At the gene level there was high percent identity for lncRNAs near P450 clusters, but this relationship was not found at the transcript level. The role of these altered lncRNAs associated with xenobiotic induction, human diseases and chemical mixtures is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D Lawrie
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Robert D Mitchell
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Livestock Insects Research Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA
| | - Anirudh Dhammi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Andrew Wallace
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ernest Hodgson
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - R Michael Roe
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Chemistry, metabolism and pharmacology of carcinogenic alkaloids present in areca nut and factors affecting their concentration. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 110:104548. [PMID: 31805361 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Areca Nut (AN), the seed of tropical palm tree Areca catechu, is a widely chewed natural product with estimated 600 million users across the world. Various AN products, thriving in the market, portray 'Areca nut' or 'Supari' as mouth freshener and safe alternative to smokeless tobacco. Unfortunately, AN is identified as a Group 1 human carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Wide variation in the level of alkaloids, broadly ranging from 2 to 10 mg/gm dry weight, is observed in diverse variety of AN sold worldwide. For the first time, various factors influencing the formation of carcinogenic alkaloids in AN at various stages, including during the growth, processing, and storage of the nut, are discussed. Current review illustrates the mechanism of cancer induction by areca alkaloids in humans and also compiles dose-dependent pharmacology and toxicology data of arecoline, the most potent carcinogenic alkaloid in AN. Careful monitoring of the arecoline content in AN can potentially be used as a tool in product surveillance studies to identify the variations in characteristics of various AN sample sold worldwide. The article will help to generate public awareness and sensitize the government bodies to initiate campaigns against AN use and addiction.
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Vlahopoulos S, Adamaki M, Khoury N, Zoumpourlis V, Boldogh I. Roles of DNA repair enzyme OGG1 in innate immunity and its significance for lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 194:59-72. [PMID: 30240635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are pivotal mediators of the immune response, and their coordinated expression protects host tissue from excessive damage and oxidant stress. Nevertheless, the development of lung pathology, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and ozone-induced lung injury, is associated with oxidant stress; as evidence, there is a significant increase in levels of the modified guanine base 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in the genome. 8-OxoG is primarily recognized by 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1), which catalyzes the first step in the DNA base excision repair pathway. However, oxidant stress in the cell transiently halts enzymatic activity of substrate-bound OGG1. The stalled OGG1 facilitates DNA binding of transactivators, including NF-κB, to their cognate sites to enable expression of cytokines and chemokines, with ensuing recruitments of inflammatory cells. Hence, defective OGG1 will modulate the coordination between innate and adaptive immunity through excessive oxidant stress and cytokine dysregulation. Both oxidant stress and cytokine dysregulation constitute key elements of oncogenesis by KRAS, which is mechanistically coupled to OGG1. Thus, analysis of the mechanism by which OGG1 modulates gene expression helps discern between beneficial and detrimental effects of oxidant stress, exposes a missing functional link as a marker, and yields a novel target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Vlahopoulos
- Ηoremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Khoury
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and the Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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Zhao Q, Zhang JL, Li F. Application of Metabolomics in the Study of Natural Products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:321-334. [PMID: 29959744 PMCID: PMC6102178 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
LC-MS-based metabolomics could have a major impact in the study of natural products, especially in its metabolism, toxicity and activity. This review highlights recent applications of metabolomics approach in the study of metabolites and toxicity of natural products, and the understanding of their effects on various diseases. Metabolomics has been employed to study the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of natural compounds, such as osthole, dehydrodiisoeugenol, and myrislignan. The pharmacological effects of natural compounds and extracts were determined using metabolomics technology combined with diseases models in animal, including osthole and nutmeg extracts. It has been demonstrated that metabolomics is a powerful technology for the investigation of xenobiotics-induced toxicity. The metabolism of triptolide and its hepatotoxicity were discussed. LC-MS-based metabolomics has a great potential in the druggability of natural products. The application of metabolomics should be broadened in the field of natural products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Le Zhang
- Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Righetti L, Rolli E, Galaverna G, Suman M, Bruni R, Dall’Asta C. Plant organ cultures as masked mycotoxin biofactories: Deciphering the fate of zearalenone in micropropagated durum wheat roots and leaves. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187247. [PMID: 29145415 PMCID: PMC5690627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
"Masked mycotoxins" senso strictu are conjugates of mycotoxins resulting from metabolic pathways activated by the interplay between pathogenic fungi and infected plants. Zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp, was the first masked mycotoxin ever described in the literature, but its biotransformation has been studied to a lesser extent if compared to other compounds such as deoxynivalenol. We presented herein the first application of organ and tissue culture techniques to study the metabolic fate of zearalenone in durum wheat, using an untargeted HR-LCMS approach. A complete, quick absorption of zearalenone by uninfected plant organs was noticed, and its biotransformation into a large spectrum of phase I and phase II metabolites has been depicted. Therefore, wheat organ tissue cultures can be effectively used as a biocatalytic tool for the production of masked mycotoxins, as well as a replicable model for the investigation of the interplay between mycotoxins and wheat physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Rolli
- Deparment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Michele Suman
- Barilla G.R. F.lli SpA, Advanced Laboratory Research, Parma, Italy
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Zhang L, Nichols RG, Patterson AD. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a moderator of host-microbiota communication. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 2:30-35. [PMID: 29527582 PMCID: PMC5842946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important component of the host-microbiota communication network. Comparisons of wild-type and Ahr-null mice as well as from exposure studies with potent AHR ligands (e.g., 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) have provided compelling evidence that the AHR may be a master regulator of the host-microbiota interaction thus helping to shape the immune system and impact host metabolism. Metabolomics and sequenced-based microbial community profiling, two recent technological advances, have helped to solidify this host-microbiota signaling concept and identified not only how specific ligands generated by the host and by the microbiota can activate the AHR, but also how activation/disruption of the AHR can influence and shape the microbiota. We are just beginning to understand how the temporal nature and tissue- and microbiota-specific generation of AHR ligands contribute to many AHR-dependent processes. In this review, we focus on several recent advances where metabolomics and characterization of the microbiota structure and function have generated new perspectives by which to evaluate AHR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems,
State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and
Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Robert G. Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of
Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of
Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
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Nichols RG, Hume NE, Smith PB, Peters JM, Patterson AD. Omics Approaches To Probe Microbiota and Drug Metabolism Interactions. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1987-1997. [PMID: 27782392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The drug metabolism field has long recognized the beneficial and sometimes deleterious influence of microbiota in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. Early pioneering work with the sulfanilamide precursor prontosil pointed toward the necessity not only to better understand the metabolic capabilities of the microbiota but also, importantly, to identify the specific microbiota involved in the generation and metabolism of drugs. However, technological limitations important for cataloging the microbiota community as well as for understanding and/or predicting their metabolic capabilities hindered progress. Current advances including mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling as well as culture-independent sequence-based identification and functional analysis of microbiota have begun to shed light on microbial metabolism. In this review, case studies will be presented to highlight key aspects (e.g., microbiota identification, metabolic function and prediction, metabolite identification, and profiling) that have helped to clarify how the microbiota might impact or be impacted by drug metabolism. Lastly, a perspective of the future of this field is presented that takes into account what important knowledge is lacking and how to tackle these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nicole E Hume
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Philip B Smith
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Wang H, Liu A, Kuo Y, Chi E, Yang X, Zhang L, Yang CS. Obesity promotes PhIP-induced small intestinal carcinogenesis in hCYP1A-db/db mice: involvement of mutations and DNA hypermethylation of Apc. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:723-730. [PMID: 27207656 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cancer. To study the promotion of dietary carcinogen-induced gastrointestinal cancer by obesity, we employed 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) to induce intestinal tumorigenesis in CYP1A-humanized (hCYP1A) mice, in which mouse Cyp1a1/1a2 was replaced with human CYP1A1/1A2 Obesity was introduced in hCYP1A mice by breeding with Lepr(db/+) mice to establish the genetically induced obese hCYP1A-Lepr(db/db) mice or by feeding hCYP1A mice a high-fat diet. PhIP induced the formation of small intestinal tumors at the ages of weeks 28-40 in obese hCYP1A mice, but not in lean hCYP1A mice. No tumors were found in colon and other gastrointestinal organs in the lean or obese mice. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found strong positive staining of NF-κB p65, pSTAT3 and COX2 as well as elevated levels of nuclear β-catenin (Ctnnb1) in small intestinal tumors, but not in normal tissues. By sequencing Apc and Ctnnb1 genes, we found that most PhIP-induced small intestinal tumors in obese mice carried only a single heterozygous mutation in Apc By bisulfite-sequencing of CpG islands of Apc, we found DNA hypermethylation in a CpG cluster located in its transcription initiation site, which most likely caused the inactivation of the wild-type Apc allele. Our findings demonstrate that PhIP-induced small intestinal carcinogenesis in hCYP1A-db/db mice is promoted by obesity and involves Apc mutation and inactivation by DNA hypermethylation. This experimental result is consistent with the association of obesity and the increased incidence of small intestinal cancer in humans in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anna Liu
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yingyi Kuo
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Eric Chi
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA and.,Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Chung S Yang
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Yang CS. Influences of Dietary and Other Factors on Xenobiotic Metabolism and Carcinogenesis—A Review Article in Memory of Dr. Allan H. Conney (1930–2013). Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1207-13. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Wen B, Zhu M. Applications of mass spectrometry in drug metabolism: 50 years of progress. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:71-87. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.1001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang H, Zhou H, Liu A, Guo X, Yang CS. Genetic analysis of colon tumors induced by a dietary carcinogen PhIP in CYP1A humanized mice: Identification of mutation of β-catenin/Ctnnb1 as the driver gene for the carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1264-74. [PMID: 25131582 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Replacing mouse Cyp1a with human CYP1A enables the humanized CYP1A mice to mimic human metabolism of the dietary carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), by N(2) -hydroxylation to a proximate carcinogen. Our previous study demonstrated that PhIP, combined with the dextrin sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, induces colon carcinogenesis in hCYP1A mice. Here, we employed whole exome sequencing and found multiple gene mutations in PhIP/DSS-induced colon tumors. Mutations in the exon 3 of Ctnnb1/β-catenin, however, were the predominant events. We further sequenced the key fragments of Apc, Ctnnb1, and Kras, because mutations of these genes in the humans are commonly found as the drivers of colorectal cancer. Mutations on either codon 32 or 34 in the exon 3 of Ctnnb1 were found in 39 out of 42 tumors, but no mutation was found in either Apc or Kras. The sequence context of codons 32 and 34 suggests that PhIP targets +3G in a TGGA motif of Ctnnb1. Since mutations that activate Wnt signal is a major driving force for human colorectal cancers, we conclude that the mutated β-catenin is the driver in PhIP/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis. This result suggests that the colon tumors in hCYP1A mice mimic human colorectal carcinogenesis not only in the dietary etiology involving PhIP, but also in the aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway as the driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Anna Liu
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Xiangyi Guo
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chung S Yang
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics can have a major impact in multiple research fields, especially when combined with other technologies, such as stable isotope tracers and genetically modified mice. This review highlights recent applications of metabolomic technology in the study of xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity, and the understanding of disease pathogenesis and therapeutics. Metabolomics has been employed to study metabolism of noscapine, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, and to determine the mechanisms of liver toxicities of rifampicin and isoniazid, trichloroethylene, and gemfibrozil. Metabolomics-based insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, alcohol-induced liver diseases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and farnesoid X receptor signaling pathway-based therapeutic target discovery will also be discussed. Limitations in metabolomics technology such as sample preparation and lack of LC-MS databases and metabolite standards, need to be resolved in order to improve and broaden the application of metabolomic studies.
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Lan K, Xie G, Jia W. Towards polypharmacokinetics: pharmacokinetics of multicomponent drugs and herbal medicines using a metabolomics approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:819147. [PMID: 23573155 PMCID: PMC3612473 DOI: 10.1155/2013/819147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Determination of pharmacokinetics (PKs) of multicomponent pharmaceuticals and/or nutraceuticals (polypharmacokinetics, poly-PKs) is difficult due to the vast number of compounds present in natural products, their various concentrations across a wide range, complexity of their interactions, as well as their complex degradation dynamics in vivo. Metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical tools that focus on the comprehensive analysis of small molecules in biofluids is a viable approach to address the challenges of poly-PK. This paper discusses recent advances in the characterization of poly-PK and the metabolism of multicomponent xenobiotic agents, such as compound drugs, dietary supplements, and herbal medicines, using metabolomics strategy. We propose a research framework that integrates the dynamic concentration profile of bioavailable xenobiotic molecules that result from in vivo absorption and hepatic and gut bacterial metabolism, as well as the human metabolic response profile. This framework will address the bottleneck problem in the pharmacological evaluation of multicomponent pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, leading to the direct elucidation of the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lan
- Key laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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Li F, Pang X, Krausz KW, Jiang C, Chen C, Cook JA, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB, Gonzalez FJ, Patterson AD. Stable isotope- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics as tools in drug metabolism: a study expanding tempol pharmacology. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1369-76. [PMID: 23301521 DOI: 10.1021/pr301023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the field of drug metabolism has yielded important insights not only into the metabolic routes of drugs but has provided unbiased, global perspectives of the endogenous metabolome that can be useful for identifying biomarkers associated with mechanism of action, efficacy, and toxicity. In this report, a stable isotope- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach that captures both drug metabolism and changes in the endogenous metabolome in a single experiment is described. Here the antioxidant drug tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) was chosen because its mechanism of action is not completely understood and its metabolic fate has not been studied extensively. Furthermore, its small size (MW = 172.2) and chemical composition (C(9)H(18)NO(2)) make it challenging to distinguish from endogenous metabolites. In this study, mice were dosed with tempol or deuterated tempol (C(9)D(17)HNO(2)) and their urine was profiled using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis of the urinary metabolomics data generated a Y-shaped scatter plot containing drug metabolites (protonated and deuterated) that were clearly distinct from the endogenous metabolites. Ten tempol drug metabolites, including eight novel metabolites, were identified. Phase II metabolism was the major metabolic pathway of tempol in vivo, including glucuronidation and glucosidation. Urinary endogenous metabolites significantly elevated by tempol treatment included 2,8-dihydroxyquinoline (8.0-fold, P < 0.05) and 2,8-dihydroxyquinoline-β-d-glucuronide (6.8-fold, P < 0.05). Urinary endogenous metabolites significantly attenuated by tempol treatment including pantothenic acid (1.3-fold, P < 0.05) and isobutrylcarnitine (5.3-fold, P < 0.01). This study underscores the power of a stable isotope- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in expanding the view of drug pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Effect of lipid oxidation products on the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in model systems. Food Chem 2012; 135:2569-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Montanez JE, Peters JM, Correll JB, Gonzalez FJ, Patterson AD. Metabolomics: an essential tool to understand the function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Toxicol Pathol 2012. [PMID: 23197196 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312466960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear hormone transcription factors (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ) is regulated by a wide array of ligands including natural and synthetic chemicals. PPARs have important roles in control of energy metabolism and are known to influence inflammation, differentiation, carcinogenesis, and chemical toxicity. As such, PPARs have been targeted as therapy for common disorders such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. The recent application of metabolomics, or the global, unbiased measurement of small molecules found in biofluids, or extracts from cells, tissues, or organisms, has advanced our understanding of the varied and important roles that the PPARs have in normal physiology as well as in pathophysiological processes. Continued development and refinement of analytical platforms, and the application of new bioinformatics strategies, have accelerated the widespread use of metabolomics and have allowed further integration of small molecules into systems biology. Recent studies using metabolomics to understand PPARα function, as well as to identify PPARα biomarkers associated with drug efficacy/toxicity and drug-induced liver injury, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Montanez
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Coen M, Rademacher PM, Zou W, Scott M, Ganey PE, Roth R, Nelson SD. Comparative NMR-Based Metabonomic Investigation of the Metabolic Phenotype Associated with Tienilic Acid and Tienilic Acid Isomer. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2412-22. [DOI: 10.1021/tx3002803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muireann Coen
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Rademacher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health
Sciences Building, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Microbiology and
Molecular Genetics, 2215 Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1302,
United States
| | - Michael Scott
- Department
of Pathobiology and
Diagnostic Investigation, G-347 Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1314,
United States
| | - Patricia E. Ganey
- Department
of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, 221 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1302,
United States
| | - Robert Roth
- Department
of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, 221 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1302,
United States
| | - Sidney D. Nelson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health
Sciences Building, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
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Stable isotopic labelling-assisted untargeted metabolic profiling reveals novel conjugates of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in wheat. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:5031-6. [PMID: 23086087 PMCID: PMC3656241 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An untargeted screening strategy for the detection of biotransformation products of xenobiotics using stable isotopic labelling (SIL) and liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is reported. The organism of interest is treated with a mixture of labelled and non-labelled precursor and samples are analysed by LC-HRMS. Raw data are processed with the recently developed MetExtract software for the automated extraction of corresponding peak pairs. The SIL-assisted approach is exemplified by the metabolisation of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in planta. Flowering ears were inoculated with 100 μg of a 1 + 1 (v/v) mixture of non-labelled and fully labelled DON. Subsequent sample preparation, LC-HRMS measurements and data processing revealed a total of 57 corresponding peak pairs, which originated from ten metabolites. Besides the known DON and DON-3-glucoside, which were confirmed by measurement of authentic standards, eight further DON-biotransformation products were found by the untargeted screening approach. Based on a mass deviation of less than ±5 ppm and MS/MS measurements, one of these products was annotated as DON-glutathione (GSH) conjugate, which is described here for the first time for wheat. Our data further suggest that two DON-GSH-related metabolites, the processing products DON-S-cysteine and DON-S-cysteinyl-glycine and five unknown DON conjugates were formed in planta. Future MS/MS measurements shall reveal the molecular structures of the detected conjugates in more detail.
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50
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Beyoğlu D, Idle JR. Metabolomics and its potential in drug development. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:12-20. [PMID: 22935449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the global and unbiased survey of the complement of small molecules (say, <1 kDa) in a biofluid, tissue, organ or organism and measures the end-products of the cellular metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous substrates. Many drug candidates fail during Phase II and III clinical trials at an enormous cost to the pharmaceutical industry in terms of both time lost and of financial resources. The constantly evolving model of drug development now dictates that biomarkers should be employed in preclinical development for the early detection of likely-to-fail candidates. Biomarkers may also be useful in the preselection of patients and through the subclassification of diseases in clinical drug development. Here we show with examples how metabolomics can assist in the preclinical development phases of discovery, pharmacology, toxicology, and ADME. Although not yet established as a clinical trial patient prescreening procedure, metabolomics shows considerable promise in this regard. We can be certain that metabolomics will join genomics and transcriptomics in lubricating the wheels of clinical drug development in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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