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Bredeck G, Dobner J, Stahlmecke B, Fomba KW, Herrmann H, Rossi A, Schins RPF. Saharan dust induces NLRP3-dependent inflammatory cytokines in an alveolar air-liquid interface co-culture model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:39. [PMID: 37864207 PMCID: PMC10588053 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have related desert dust events to increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. Although the Sahara is the largest source of desert dust, Saharan dust (SD) has been barely examined in toxicological studies. Here, we aimed to assess the NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1-pathway-dependent pro-inflammatory potency of SD in comparison to crystalline silica (DQ12 quartz) in an advanced air-liquid interface (ALI) co-culture model. Therefore, we exposed ALI co-cultures of alveolar epithelial A549 cells and macrophage-like differentiated THP-1 cells to 10, 21, and 31 µg/cm² SD and DQ12 for 24 h using a Vitrocell Cloud system. Additionally, we exposed ALI co-cultures containing caspase (CASP)1-/- and NLRP3-/- THP-1 cells to SD. RESULTS Characterization of nebulized DQ12 and SD revealed that over 90% of agglomerates of both dusts were smaller than 2.5 μm. Characterization of the ALI co-culture model revealed that it produced surfactant protein C and that THP-1 cells remained viable at the ALI. Moreover, wild type, CASP1-/-, and NLRP3-/- THP-1 cells had comparable levels of the surface receptors cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4. Exposing ALI co-cultures to non-cytotoxic doses of DQ12 and SD did not induce oxidative stress marker gene expression. SD but not DQ12 upregulated gene expressions of interleukin 1 Beta (IL1B), IL6, and IL8 as well as releases of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Exposing wild type, CASP1-/-, and NLRP3-/- co-cultures to SD induced IL1B gene expression in all co-cultures whereas IL-1β release was only induced in wild type co-cultures. In CASP1-/- and NLRP3-/- co-cultures, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα releases were also reduced. CONCLUSIONS Since surfactants can decrease the toxicity of poorly soluble particles, the higher potency of SD than DQ12 in this surfactant-producing ALI model emphasizes the importance of readily soluble SD components such as microbial compounds. The higher potency of SD than DQ12 also renders SD a potential alternative particulate positive control for studies addressing acute inflammatory effects. The high pro-inflammatory potency depending on NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-1β suggests that SD causes acute lung injury which may explain desert dust event-related increased respiratory morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jochen Dobner
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- Institut für Umwelt & Energie, Technik & Analytik e. V. (IUTA), 47229, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Bredeck G, Busch M, Rossi A, Stahlmecke B, Fomba KW, Herrmann H, Schins RPF. Inhalable Saharan dust induces oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and inflammatory cytokine release. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107732. [PMID: 36680803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Desert dust is increasingly recognized as a major air pollutant affecting respiratory health. Since desert dust exposure cannot be regulated, the hazardousness of its components must be understood to enable health risk mitigation strategies. Saharan dust (SD) comprises about half of the global desert dust and contains quartz, a toxic mineral dust that is known to cause severe lung diseases via oxidative stress and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-interleukin-1β pathway. We aimed to assess the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of SD responsible for toxic effects. Also, we studied the oxidative and pro-inflammatory potential of SD in alveolar epithelial cells and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage-like cells in comparison to quartz dusts and synthetic amorphous silica (SAS). Characterization revealed that SD contained Fe, Al, trace metals, sulfate, diatomaceous earth, and endotoxin and had the capacity to generate hydroxyl radicals. We exposed A549 lung epithelial cells and wild-type and NLRP3-/- THP-1 macrophage-like cells to SD, three well-investigated quartz dusts, and SAS. SD induced oxidative stress in A549 cells after 24 h more potently than the quartz dusts. The quartz dusts and SAS upregulated interleukin 8 expression after 4 h and 24 h while SD only caused a transient upregulation. SD, the quartz dusts, and SAS induced interleukin-1β release from wild-type THP-1 cells>20-fold stronger than from NLRP3-/- THP-1 cells. Interleukin-1β release was lower for SD, in which microbial components including endotoxin were heat-destructed. In conclusion, microbial components in SD are pivotal for its toxicity. In the epithelium, the effects of SD contrasted with crystalline and amorphous silica in terms of potency and persistence. In macrophages, the strong involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome emphasizes the acute and chronic health risks associated with desert dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Busch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- Institute for Energy and Environmental Technology e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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3
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Grytting VS, Refsnes M, Øvrevik J, Halle MS, Schönenberger J, van der Lelij R, Snilsberg B, Skuland T, Blom R, Låg M. Respirable stone particles differ in their ability to induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in cell models of the human airways. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 33957952 PMCID: PMC8101231 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respirable stone- and mineral particles may be a major constituent in occupational and ambient air pollution and represent a possible health hazard. However, with exception of quartz and asbestos, little is known about the toxic properties of mineral particles. In the present study, the pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to six stone particle samples of different composition and with diameter below 10 μm were assessed in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT), THP-1 macrophages and a HBEC3-KT/THP-1 co-culture. Moreover, particle-induced lysis of human erythrocytes was assessed to determine the ability of the particles to lyse biological membranes. Finally, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome was assessed using a NLRP3-specific inhibitor and detection of ASC oligomers and cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β. A reference sample of pure α-quartz was included for comparison. Results Several stone particle samples induced a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines CXCL8, IL-1α, IL-1β and TNFα. In HBEC3-KT, quartzite and anorthosite were the most cytotoxic stone particle samples and induced the highest levels of cytokines. Quartzite and anorthosite were also the most cytotoxic samples in THP-1 macrophages, while anorthosite and hornfels induced the highest cytokine responses. In comparison, few significant differences between particle samples were detected in the co-culture. Adjusting responses for differences in surface area concentrations did not fully account for the differences between particle samples. Moreover, the stone particles had low hemolytic potential, indicating that the effects were not driven by membrane lysis. Pre-incubation with a NLRP3-specific inhibitor reduced stone particle-induced cytokine responses in THP-1 macrophages, but not in HBEC3-KT cells, suggesting that the effects are mediated through different mechanisms in epithelial cells and macrophages. Particle exposure also induced an increase in ASC oligomers and cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β in THP-1 macrophages, confirming the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions The present study indicates that stone particles induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages, acting through NLRP3-independent and -dependent mechanisms, respectively. Moreover, some particle samples induced cytotoxicity and cytokine release to a similar or greater extent than α-quartz. Thus, these minerals warrant further attention in future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00409-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Tonje Skuland
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marit Låg
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
An investigation into the potential toxicological effects of fracking sand dust (FSD), collected from unconventional gas drilling sites, has been undertaken, along with characterization of their chemical and biophysical properties. Using intratracheal instillation of nine FSDs in rats and a whole body 4-d inhalation model for one of the FSDs, i.e., FSD 8, and related in vivo and in vitro experiments, the effects of nine FSDs on the respiratory, cardiovascular and immune systems, brain and kidney were reported in the preceding eight tandem papers. Here, a summary is given of the key observations made in the organ systems reported in the individual studies. The major finding that inhaled FSD 8 elicits responses in extra-pulmonary organ systems is unexpected, as is the observation that the pulmonary effects of inhaled FSD 8 are attenuated relative to forms of crystalline silica more frequently used in animal studies, i.e., MIN-U-SIL® 5. An attempt is made to understand the basis for the extra-pulmonary toxicity and comparatively attenuated pulmonary toxicity of FSD 8.
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Anderson SE, Shane H, Long C, Marrocco A, Lukomska E, Roberts JR, Marshall N, Fedan JS. Biological effects of inhaled hydraulic fracturing sand dust. VIII. Immunotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 408:115256. [PMID: 33007384 PMCID: PMC7796771 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") is a process used to enhance retrieval of gas from subterranean natural gas-laden rock by fracturing it under pressure. Sand used to stabilize fissures and facilitate gas flow creates a potential occupational hazard from respirable fracking sand dust (FSD). As studies of the immunotoxicity of FSD are lacking, the effects of whole-body inhalation (6 h/d for 4 d) of a FSD, i.e., FSD 8, was investigated at 1, 7, and 27 d post-exposure in rats. Exposure to 10 mg/m3 FSD 8 resulted in decreased lung-associated lymph node (LLN) cellularity, total B-cells, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells and total natural killer (NK) cells at 7-d post exposure. The frequency of CD4+ T-cells decreased while the frequency of B-cells increased (7 and 27 d) in the LLN. In contrast, increases in LLN cellularity and increases in total CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were observed in rats following 30 mg/m3 FSD 8 at 1 d post-exposure. Increases in the frequency and number of CD4+ T-cells and NK cells were observed in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid at 7-d post-exposure (10 mg/m3) along with an increase in total CD4+ T-cells, CD11b + cells, and NK cells at 1-day post-exposure (30 mg/m3). Increases in the numbers of B-cells and CD8+ T-cells were observed in the spleen at 1-day post 30 mg/m3 FSD 8 exposure. In addition, NK cell activity was suppressed at 1 d (30 mg/m3) and 27 d post-exposure (10 mg/m3). No change in the IgM response to sheep red blood cells was observed. The findings indicate that FSD 8 caused alterations in cellularity, phenotypic subsets, and impairment of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Anderson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America.
| | - Hillary Shane
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Carrie Long
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Antonella Marrocco
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Ewa Lukomska
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Nikki Marshall
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S Fedan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
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6
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Evaluation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activating Effects of a Large Panel of TiO 2 Nanomaterials in Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091876. [PMID: 32961672 PMCID: PMC7558067 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanomaterials are among the most commonly produced and used engineered nanomaterials (NMs) in the world. There is controversy regarding their ability to induce inflammation-mediated lung injuries following inhalation exposure. Activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome and subsequent release of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β in pulmonary macrophages has been postulated as an essential pathway for the inflammatory and associated tissue-remodeling effects of toxic particles. Our study aim was to determine and rank the IL-1β activating properties of TiO2 NMs by comparing a large panel of different samples against each other as well as against fine TiO2, synthetic amorphous silica and crystalline silica (DQ12 quartz). Effects were evaluated in primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from NALP3-deficient and proficient mice as well as in the rat alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383. Our results show that specific TiO2 NMs can activate the inflammasome in macrophages albeit with a markedly lower potency than amorphous SiO2 and quartz. The heterogeneity in IL-1β release observed in our study among 19 different TiO2 NMs underscores the relevance of case-by-case evaluation of nanomaterials of similar chemical composition. Our findings also further promote the NR8383 cell line as a promising in vitro tool for the assessment of the inflammatory and inflammasome activating properties of NMs.
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7
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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Madden MC. Air pollutants disrupt iron homeostasis to impact oxidant generation, biological effects, and tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:38-55. [PMID: 32092410 PMCID: PMC8274387 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants cause changes in iron homeostasis through: 1) a capacity of the pollutant, or a metabolite(s), to complex/chelate iron from pivotal sites in the cell or 2) an ability of the pollutant to displace iron from pivotal sites in the cell. Through either pathway of disruption in iron homeostasis, metal previously employed in essential cell processes is sequestered after air pollutant exposure. An absolute or functional cell iron deficiency results. If enough iron is lost or is otherwise not available within the cell, cell death ensues. However, prior to death, exposed cells will attempt to reverse the loss of requisite metal. This response of the cell includes increased expression of metal importers (e.g. divalent metal transporter 1). Oxidant generation after exposure to air pollutants includes superoxide production which functions in ferrireduction necessary for cell iron import. Activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators also result from a cell iron deficiency, absolute or functional, after exposure to air pollutants. Finally, air pollutant exposure culminates in the development of inflammation and fibrosis which is a tissue response to the iron deficiency challenging cell survival. Following the response of increased expression of importers and ferrireduction, activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and inflammation and fibrosis, cell iron is altered, and a new metal homeostasis is established. This new metal homeostasis includes increased total iron concentrations in cells with metal now at levels sufficient to meet requirements for continued function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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8
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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Stonehuerner J, Tong H, Richards J, Gilmour MI, Madden MC, Shen Z, Kantrow SP. Quartz Disrupts Iron Homeostasis in Alveolar Macrophages To Impact a Pro-Inflammatory Effect. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1737-1747. [PMID: 31407890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The biological response of bronchial epithelial cells to particles is associated with a sequestration of cell metal by the particle surface and a subsequent disruption in host iron homeostasis. The macrophage is the cell type resident in the respiratory tract that is most likely to make initial contact with inhaled particles. We tested the postulates that (1) silica, a prototypical particle, disrupts iron homeostasis in alveolar macrophages (AMs); and (2) the altered iron homeostasis results in both an oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory effects. Human AMs (1.0 × 106/mL) demonstrated an increased import of iron following particle exposure with nonheme iron concentrations of 0.57 ± 0.03, 1.72 ± 0.09, 0.88 ± 0.09, and 3.21 ± 0.11 ppm in cells exposed for 4 h to media, 500 μM ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), 100 μg/mL silica, and both silica and FAC, respectively. Intracellular ferritin concentrations and iron release were similarly increased after AM exposure to FAC and silica. Silica increased oxidant generation by AMs measured using both dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence and reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium salt. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in macrophage supernatant increased following 100 μg/mL silica exposure for 24 h. Treatment of AMs with 500 μM FAC decreased both oxidant generation and cytokine release associated with silica exposure, supporting a dependence of these effects on sequestration of cell metal by the particle surface. We conclude that (1) silica exposure disrupts iron homeostasis resulting in increased import, accumulation, and release of the metal; and (2) the altered iron homeostasis following silica exposure impacts oxidant generation and pro-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill North Carolina 27514 , United States
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill North Carolina 27514 , United States
| | - Jacqueline Stonehuerner
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill North Carolina 27514 , United States
| | - Haiyan Tong
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill North Carolina 27514 , United States
| | - Judy Richards
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill North Carolina 27514 , United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill North Carolina 27514 , United States
| | - Michael C Madden
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill North Carolina 27514 , United States
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - Stephen P Kantrow
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
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Ζ potential evidences silanol heterogeneity induced by metal contaminants at the quartz surface: Implications in membrane damage. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017. [PMID: 28646781 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the physico-chemical features responsible for the so-called "variability of quartz hazard", a key role has been assigned to the silica surface charge, evaluated by means of ζ potential measurement. The ζ potential of silica describes the protonation state of silanols which, in turn, determine interactions with cell membranes. To gain a molecular understanding of the role of silanols in silica pathogenicity, we conducted a systematic investigation of the variation of the ζ potential as a function of pH (ζ plot titration curve) on a large set of respirable quartz particles with different levels of metal contaminants. The membranolytic activity of the particles on red blood cells, used as a readout of pathogenic activity, was assessed in parallel. Pure quartz surfaces showed sigmoid-shaped ζ plots suggesting the presence of silanol families with similar acidity, whereas contaminated dusts exhibited convex-shaped ζ plots, indicating a higher silanol heterogeneity on contaminated surfaces with respect to the pure ones. The quartz particles with a higher surface heterogeneity related to metal contamination showed a higher membranolytic activity. By removing structural defects and chemical heterogeneity, the ζ plot shifted towards the typical shape of pure quartz and the membranolytic activity was reduced. We conclude that the ζ plot is a useful readout to measure the acid-base behavior of quartz surfaces and to describe the chemical heterogeneity of quartz silanols. Surface heterogeneity, here induced by metal contamination, is proposed as the main cause of quartz membranolytic activity, further supporting the hypothesis that surface silanol disorganization determines silica pathogenicity.
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Pavan C, Fubini B. Unveiling the Variability of “Quartz Hazard” in Light of Recent Toxicological Findings. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:469-485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Bice Fubini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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11
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Asthma as a disruption in iron homeostasis. Biometals 2016; 29:751-79. [PMID: 27595579 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over several decades, asthma has evolved from being recognized as a single disease to include a diverse group of phenotypes with dissimilar natural histories, pathophysiologies, responses to treatment, and distinctive molecular pathways. With the application of Occam's razor to asthma, it is proposed that there is one cause underlying the numerous phenotypes of this disease and that the responsible molecular pathway is a deficiency of iron in the lung tissues. This deficiency can be either absolute (e.g. asthma in the neonate and during both pregnancy and menstruation) or functional (e.g. asthma associated with infections, smoking, and obesity). Comparable associations between asthma co-morbidity (e.g. eczema, urticaria, restless leg syndrome, and pulmonary hypertension) with iron deficiency support such a shared mechanistic pathway. Therapies directed at asthma demonstrate a capacity to impact iron homeostasis, further strengthening the relationship. Finally, pathophysiologic events producing asthma, including inflammation, increases in Th2 cells, and muscle contraction, can correlate with iron availability. Recognition of a potential association between asthma and an absolute and/or functional iron deficiency suggests specific therapeutic interventions including inhaled iron.
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12
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Air pollution particles and iron homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2816-25. [PMID: 27217087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying biological effects, including pro-inflammatory outcomes, of particles deposited in the lung has not been defined. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A disruption in iron homeostasis follows exposure of cells to all particulate matter including air pollution particles. Following endocytosis, functional groups at the surface of retained particle complex iron available in the cell. In response to a reduction in concentrations of requisite iron, a functional deficiency can result intracellularly. Superoxide production by the cell exposed to a particle increases ferrireduction which facilitates import of iron with the objective being the reversal of the metal deficiency. Failure to resolve the functional iron deficiency following cell exposure to particles activates kinases and transcription factors resulting in a release of inflammatory mediators and inflammation. Tissue injury is the end product of this disruption in iron homeostasis initiated by the particle exposure. Elevation of available iron to the cell precludes deficiency of the metal and either diminishes or eliminates biological effects. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Recognition of the pathway for biological effects after particle exposure to involve a functional deficiency of iron suggests novel therapies such as metal supplementation (e.g. inhaled and oral). In addition, the demonstration of a shared mechanism of biological effects allows understanding the common clinical, physiological, and pathological presentation following exposure to disparate particles. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Harrington AD, Smirnov A, Tsirka SE, Schoonen MAA. Metal-sulfide mineral ores, Fenton chemistry and disease--particle induced inflammatory stress response in lung cells. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 218:19-27. [PMID: 25107347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The inhalation of mineral particulates and other earth materials, such as coal, can initiate or enhance disease in humans. Workers in occupations with high particulate exposure, such as mining, are particularly at risk. The ability of a material to generate an inflammatory stress response (ISR), a measure of particle toxicity, is a useful tool in evaluating said exposure risk. ISR is defined as the upregulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) normalized to cell viability. This study compares the ISR of A549 human lung epithelial cells after exposure to well-characterized common metal-sulfide ore mineral separates. The evaluation of the deleterious nature of ore minerals is based on a range of particle loadings (serial dilutions of 0.002m(2)/mL stock) and exposure periods (beginning at 30min and measured systematically for up to 24h). There is a wide range in ISR values generated by the ore minerals. The ISR values produced by the sphalerite samples are within the range of inert materials. Arsenopyrite generated a small ISR that was largely driven by cell death. Galena showed a similar, but more pronounced response. Copper-bearing ore minerals generated the greatest ISR, both by upregulating cellular ROS and generating substantial and sustained cell death. Chalcopyrite and bornite, both containing ferrous iron, generated the greatest ISR overall. Particles containing Fenton metals as major constituents produce the highest ISR, while other heavy metals mainly generate cell death. This study highlights the importance of evaluating the chemistry, oxidation states and structure of a material when assessing risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Harrington
- Department of Geosciences, Earth and Space Sciences Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11784-2100, USA; Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Alexander Smirnov
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Dowling College, 150 Idle Hour Boulevard, Oakdale, NY 11769, USA.
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Pharmacological Sciences - Stony Brook University Medical School, BST 8-192, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA.
| | - Martin A A Schoonen
- Department of Geosciences, Earth and Space Sciences Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11784-2100, USA; Environmental Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 815E, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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14
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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Richards JH, Duncan KE, Lehmann J. Iron decreases biological effects of ozone exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:391-9. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Le Blond JS, Tomatis M, Horwell CJ, Dunster C, Murphy F, Corazzari I, Grendene F, Turci F, Gazzano E, Ghigo D, Williamson BJ, Oppenheimer C, Fubini B. The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:503-516. [PMID: 22431484 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane combustion generates fine-grained particulate that has the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition. In particular, conversion of amorphous silica to crystalline forms during burning may provide a source of toxic particles. In this study, we investigate and evaluate the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning. Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. The specific surface area of the particles ranged from ∼16 to 90 m(2) g(-1) . The samples did not generate hydroxyl- or carbon-centered radicals in cell-free tests. However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. The sample surfaces were all hydrophilic and slightly acidic, which may be due to the presence of oxygenated (functional) groups. The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). However, the samples induced significantly lower cytotoxic effects and nitrogen oxide generation when compared with the positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Le Blond
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, United Kingdom; Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
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16
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Moroni B, Viti C, Cappelletti D. Exposure vs toxicity levels of airborne quartz, metal and carbon particles in cast iron foundries. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2014; 24:42-50. [PMID: 23385294 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol dust samples and quartz raw materials from different working stations in foundry plants were characterized in order to assess the health risk in this working environment. Samples were analysed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy coupled with image analysis and microanalysis, and by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. In addition, the concentration and the solubility degree of Fe and other metals of potential health effect (Mn, Zn and Pb) in the bulk samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Overall, the results indicate substantial changes in quartz crystal structure and texture when passing from the raw material to the airborne dust, which include lattice defects, non-bridging oxygen hole centres and contamination of quartz grains by metal and/or graphite particles. All these aspects point towards the relevance of surface properties on reactivity. Exposure doses have been estimated based on surface area, and compared with threshold levels resulting from toxicology. The possible synergistic effects of concomitant exposure to inhalable magnetite, quartz and/or graphite particles in the same working environment have been properly remarked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Moroni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, University of Perugia, Via Duranti 93, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Viti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, Siena, Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- 1] Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, University of Perugia, Via Duranti 93, Perugia, Italy [2] SMAArt Research Center, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, Italy
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17
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Ghio AJ, Tong H, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Cheng WY, Samet JM, Kesic MJ, Bromberg PA, Turi JL, Upadhyay D, Scott Budinger GR, Mutlu GM. Sequestration of mitochondrial iron by silica particle initiates a biological effect. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L712-24. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00099.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of particulate matter has presented a challenge to human health for thousands of years. The underlying mechanism for biological effect following particle exposure is incompletely understood. We tested the postulate that particle sequestration of cell and mitochondrial iron is a pivotal event mediating oxidant generation and biological effect. In vitro exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to silica reduced intracellular iron, which resulted in increases in both the importer divalent metal transporter 1 expression and metal uptake. Diminished mitochondrial 57Fe concentrations following silica exposure confirmed particle sequestration of cell iron. Preincubation of cells with excess ferric ammonium citrate increased cell, nuclear, and mitochondrial metal concentrations and prevented significant iron loss from mitochondria following silica exposure. Cell and mitochondrial oxidant generation increased after silica incubation, but pretreatment with iron diminished this generation of reactive oxygen species. Silica exposure activated MAP kinases (ERK and p38) and altered the expression of transcription factors (nF-κB and NF-E2-related factor 2), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-8 and -6), and apoptotic proteins. All of these changes in indexes of biological effect were either diminished or inhibited by cell pretreatment with iron. Finally, percentage of neutrophils and total protein concentrations in an animal model instilled with silica were decreased by concurrent exposure to iron. We conclude that an initiating event in the response to particulate matter is a sequestration of cell and mitochondrial iron by endocytosed particle. The resultant oxidative stress and biological response after particle exposure are either diminished or inhibited by increasing the cell iron concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Ghio
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Haiyan Tong
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joleen M. Soukup
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lisa A. Dailey
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wan-Yun Cheng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James M. Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J. Kesic
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Jennifer L. Turi
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daya Upadhyay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; and
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Ribeiro T, Motta A, Marcus P, Gaigeot MP, Lopez X, Costa D. Formation of the OOH radical at steps of the boehmite surface and its inhibition by gallic acid: A theoretical study including DFT-based dynamics. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:164-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Mossman BT, Glenn RE. Bioreactivity of the crystalline silica polymorphs, quartz and cristobalite, and implications for occupational exposure limits (OELs). Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:632-60. [PMID: 23863112 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.818617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Silica or silicon dioxides (SiO₂) are naturally occurring substances that comprise the vast majority of the earth's crust. Because of their prevalence and commercial applications, they have been widely studied for their potential to induce pulmonary fibrosis and other disorders. Historically, the focus in the workplace has been on the development of inflammation and fibrotic lung disease, the basis for promulgating workplace standards to protect workers. Crystalline silica (CS) polymorphs, predominantly quartz and cristobalite, are used in industry but are different in their mineralogy, chemistry, surface features, size dimensions and association with other elements naturally and during industrial applications. Epidemiologic, clinical and experimental studies in the literature historically have predominantly focused on quartz polymorphs. Thus, in this review, we summarize past scientific evaluations and recent peer-reviewed literature with an emphasis on cristobalite, in an attempt to determine whether quartz and cristobalite polymorphs differ in their health effects, toxicity and other properties that may dictate the need for various standards of protection in the workplace. In addition to current epidemiological and clinical reports, we review in vivo studies in rodents as well as cell culture studies that shed light on mechanisms intrinsic to the toxicity, altered cell responses and protective or defense mechanisms in response to these minerals. The medical and scientific literature indicates that the mechanisms of injury and potential causation of inflammation and fibrotic lung disease are similar for quartz and cristobalite. Our analysis of these data suggests similar occupational exposure limits (OELs) for these minerals in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke T Mossman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405-0068, USA.
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20
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Pavan C, Tomatis M, Ghiazza M, Rabolli V, Bolis V, Lison D, Fubini B. In search of the chemical basis of the hemolytic potential of silicas. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1188-98. [PMID: 23819533 DOI: 10.1021/tx400105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The membranolytic activity of silica particles toward red blood cells (RBCs) has been known for a long time and is sometimes associated with silica pathogenicity. However, the molecular mechanism and the reasons why hemolysis differs according to the silica form are still obscure. A panel of 15 crystalline (pure and commercial) and amorphous (pyrogenic, precipitated from aqueous solutions, vitreous) silica samples differing in size, origin, morphology, and surface chemical composition were selected and specifically prepared. Silica particles were grouped into six groups to compare their potential in disrupting RBC membranes so that one single property differed in each group, while other features were constant. Free radical production and crystallinity were not strict determinants of hemolytic activity. Particle curvature and morphology modulated the hemolytic effect, but silanols and siloxane bridges at the surface were the main actors. Hemolysis was unrelated to the overall concentration of silanols as fully rehydrated surfaces (such as those obtained from aqueous solution) were inert, and one pyrogenic silica also lost its membranolytic potential upon progressive dehydration. Overall results are consistent with a model whereby hemolysis is determined by a defined surface distribution of dissociated/undissociated silanols and siloxane groups strongly interacting with specific epitopes on the RBC membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavan
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino , Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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21
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Ghiazza M, Tomatis M, Doublier S, Grendene F, Gazzano E, Ghigo D, Fubini B. Carbon in Intimate Contact with Quartz Reduces the Biological Activity of Crystalline Silica Dusts. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 26:46-54. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300299v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ghiazza
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Sophie Doublier
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Italy
| | - Francesca Grendene
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Italy
| | - Dario Ghigo
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Italy
| | - Bice Fubini
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
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22
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Napierska D, Rabolli V, Thomassen LCJ, Dinsdale D, Princen C, Gonzalez L, Poels KLC, Kirsch-Volders M, Lison D, Martens JA, Hoet PH. Oxidative Stress Induced by Pure and Iron-Doped Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles in Subtoxic Conditions. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:828-37. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200361v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Napierska
- Unit for Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1-706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Virginie Rabolli
- Louvain
Centre for Toxicology
and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leen C. J. Thomassen
- Center for Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - David Dinsdale
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Lancaster
Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, U.K
| | - Catherine Princen
- Louvain
Centre for Toxicology
and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien L. C. Poels
- Laboratory
for Occupational Hygiene
and Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain
Centre for Toxicology
and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Peter H. Hoet
- Unit for Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1-706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Shannahan JH, Nyska A, Cesta M, Schladweiler MCJ, Vallant BD, Ward WO, Ghio AJ, Gavett SH, Kodavanti UP. Subchronic pulmonary pathology, iron overload, and transcriptional activity after Libby amphibole exposure in rat models of cardiovascular disease. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:85-91. [PMID: 21979745 PMCID: PMC3261949 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface-available iron (Fe) is proposed to contribute to asbestos-induced toxicity through the production of reactive oxygen species. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to evaluate the hypothesis that rat models of cardiovascular disease with coexistent Fe overload would be increasingly sensitive to Libby amphibole (LA)-induced subchronic lung injury. METHODS Male healthy Wistar Kyoto (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive (SH), and SH heart failure (SHHF) rats were intratracheally instilled with 0.0, 0.25, or 1.0 mg LA (with saline as the vehicle). We examined bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histological lung sections after 1 week, 1 month, or 3 months for pulmonary biomarkers and pathology. SHHF rats were also assessed at 6 months for pathological changes. RESULTS All animals developed concentration- and time-dependent interstitial fibrosis. Time-dependent Fe accumulation occurred in LA-laden macrophages in all strains but was exacerbated in SHHF rats. LA-exposed SHHF rats developed atypical hyperplastic lesions of bronchiolar epithelial cell origin at 3 and 6 months. Strain-related baseline differences existed in gene expression at 3 months, with persistent LA effects in WKY but not SH or SHHF rats. LA exposure altered genes for a number of pathways, including inflammation, immune regulation, and cell-cycle control. Cell-cycle control genes were inhibited after LA exposure in SH and SHHF but not WKY rats, whereas tumor suppressor genes were induced only in WKY rats. The inflammatory gene expression also was apparent only in WKY rats. CONCLUSION These data show that in Fe-overload conditions, progressive Fe accumulation occurs in fiber-laden macrophages within LA-induced lesions. Fe overload does not appear to contribute to chronic inflammation, and its role in hyperplastic lesion development requires further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Shannahan
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27711, USA
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24
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Shannahan JH, Ghio AJ, Schladweiler MC, Richards JH, Andrews D, Gavett SH, Kodavanti UP. Transcriptional activation of inflammasome components by Libby amphibole and the role of iron. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 24:60-9. [PMID: 22168577 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.633942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The induction of the NALP3 inflammasome complex is shown to be necessary for the development of fibrosis after asbestos exposure. Libby amphibole (LA) induces lung inflammation and fibrosis, while complexation of iron (Fe) on fibers inhibits inflammation. In this study we examined the ability of LA to induce the inflammasome cascade and the role of Fe in modulating inflammasome activity. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed intratracheally to either saline (300 μl), deferoxamine (Def) (1 mg), FeCl(3) (21 μg), LA (0.5 mg), Fe-loaded LA (Fe + LA), or LA + Def. Activities of oxidative stress-sensitive enzymes, expression of inflammasome-specific genes, and cytokine proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed. Lung enzymes at 4 h and 24 h post-exposure were unchanged. LA increased lung expression of genes including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cathepsin-B, ASC, NALP3, interleukin (IL)-6 and NFκB. LA+Fe significantly reduced IL-1β and NFκB with a trend of reduction in ASC, NALP3, cathepsin-B and IL-6 expression. Def treatment did not reverse the inhibitory effect of Fe on IL-1β and ASC but reversed IL-6 expression. CCL-7, CCL-12, CXCL-3 and COX-2 were induced by LA while LA+Fe tended to reduce these responses. Phosphorylation of ERK but not MEK was increased at 4 h after LA but not LA+Fe exposure. In conclusion, components of the NALP3 inflammasome are transcriptionally activated acutely during LA-induced inflammation. The key inflammatory regulators IL-1β and NFκB were inhibited in the presence of surface-complexed Fe possibly through decreased ERK signaling upstream of the NALP3 inflammasome. The inflammasome activation by LA may contribute to fibrosis, and Fe may reduce this response and alter compensatory mechanisms in individuals exposed to LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Shannahan
- Curriculum in Toxicology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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25
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Fenoglio I, Fubini B, Ghibaudi EM, Turci F. Multiple aspects of the interaction of biomacromolecules with inorganic surfaces. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1186-209. [PMID: 21871508 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction of biological systems with inorganic materials is of interest in both fundamental and applied disciplines. The adsorption of proteins modulates the formation of biofilms onto surfaces, a process important in infections associated to medical implants, in dental caries, in environmental technologies. The interaction with biomacromolecules is crucial to determine the beneficial/adverse response of cells to foreign inorganic materials as implants, engineered or accidentally produced inorganic nanoparticles. A detailed knowledge of the surface/biological fluids interface processes is needed for the design of new biocompatible materials. Researchers involved in the different disciplines face up with similar difficulties in describing and predicting phenomena occurring at the interface between solid phases and biological fluids. This review represents an attempt to integrate the knowledge from different research areas by focussing on the search for determinants driving the interaction of inorganic surfaces with biological matter.
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26
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Shannahan JH, Ghio AJ, Schladweiler MC, McGee JK, Richards JH, Gavett SH, Kodavanti UP. The role of iron in Libby amphibole-induced acute lung injury and inflammation. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:313-23. [PMID: 21605006 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.569587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of host iron (Fe) on the surface of inhaled asbestos fibers has been postulated to cause oxidative stress contributing to in vivo pulmonary injury and inflammation. We examined the role of Fe in Libby amphibole (LA; mean length 4.99 µm ± 4.53 and width 0.28 µm ± 0.19) asbestos-induced inflammogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. LA contained acid-leachable Fe and silicon. In a cell-free media containing FeCl(3), LA bound #17 µg of Fe/mg of fiber and increased reactive oxygen species generation #3.5 fold, which was reduced by deferoxamine (DEF) treatment. In BEAS-2B cells exposure to LA, LA loaded with Fe (FeLA), or LA with DEF did not increase HO-1 or ferritin mRNA expression. LA increased IL-8 expression, which was reduced by Fe loading but increased by DEF. To determine the role of Fe in LA-induced lung injury in vivo, spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed intratracheally to either saline (300 µL), DEF (1 mg), FeCl(3) (21 µg), LA (0.5 mg), FeLA (0.5 mg), or LA + DEF (0.5 mg). LA caused BALF neutrophils to increase 24 h post-exposure. Loading of Fe on LA but not chelation slightly decreased neutrophilic influx (LA + DEF > LA > FeLA). At 4 h post-exposure, LA-induced lung expression of MIP-2 was reduced in rats exposed to FeLA but increased by LA + DEF (LA + DEF > LA > FeLA). Ferritin mRNA was elevated in rats exposed to FeLA compared to LA. In conclusion, the acute inflammatory response to respirable fibers and particles may be inhibited in the presence of surface-complexed or cellular bioavailable Fe. Cell and tissue Fe-overload conditions may influence the pulmonary injury and inflammation caused by fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Shannahan
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, UNC School of Medicine, Curriculum in Toxicology, USA
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