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Arnodo D, De Nardi F, Parisotto S, De Nardo E, Cananà S, Salvatico F, De Marchi E, Scarpi D, Blangetti M, Occhiato EG, Prandi C. Asymmetric Reduction of Cyclic Imines by Imine Reductase Enzymes in Non-Conventional Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301243. [PMID: 37751248 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective reduction of 2-substituted cyclic imines to the corresponding amines (pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepines) by imine reductases (IREDs) in non-conventional solvents is reported. The best results were obtained in a glycerol/phosphate buffer 1 : 1 mixture, in which heterocyclic amines were produced with full conversions (>99 %), moderate to good yields (22-84 %) and excellent S-enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee). Remarkably, the process can be performed at a 100 mM substrate loading, which, for the model compound, means a concentration of 14.5 g L-1 . A fed-batch protocol was also developed for a convenient scale-up transformation, and one millimole of substrate 1 a was readily converted into 120 mg of enantiopure amine (S)-2 a with a remarkable 80 % overall yield. This aspect strongly contributes to making the process potentially attractive for large-scale applications in terms of economic and environmental sustainability for a good number of substrates used to produce enantiopure cyclic amines of high pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Arnodo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica De Nardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Parisotto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Nardo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Cananà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore I.U.S.S. Pavia, Piazza Vittoria 15, 2700, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Salvatico
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Dina Scarpi
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ernesto G Occhiato
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
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Mazzotta S, Rositano V, Senaldi L, Bernardi A, Allegrini P, Appendino G. Scalemic natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1647-1671. [PMID: 37439042 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2022The area of scalemic natural products is often enigmatic from a mechanistic standpoint, since low optical purity is observed in compounds having multiple contiguous stereogenic centers resulting from mechanistically distinct biogenetic steps. A scalemic state is rarely the result of a sloppy enzymatic activity, rather resulting from the expression of antipodal enzymes/directing proteins or from the erosion of optical purity by enzymatic or spontaneous reactions. Evidence for these processes is critically reviewed, identifying the mechanisms most often associated to the enzymatic generation of scalemic natural products and also discussing analytical exploitations of natural products' scalemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mazzotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rositano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Indena SpA, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20049 Settala, MI, Italy
| | - Luca Senaldi
- Indena SpA, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20049 Settala, MI, Italy
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Cigan E, Eggbauer B, Schrittwieser JH, Kroutil W. The role of biocatalysis in the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids - an update. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28223-28270. [PMID: 35480754 PMCID: PMC9038100 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a group of natural products with interesting pharmacological properties and a long history of medicinal application. Their complex molecular structures have fascinated chemists for decades, and their total synthesis still poses a considerable challenge. In a previous review, we have illustrated how biocatalysis can make valuable contributions to the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids. The chemo-enzymatic strategies discussed therein have been further explored and improved in recent years, and advances in amine biocatalysis have vastly expanded the opportunities for incorporating enzymes into synthetic routes towards these important natural products. The present review summarises modern developments in chemo-enzymatic alkaloid synthesis since 2013, in which the biocatalytic transformations continue to take an increasingly 'central' role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cigan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bettina Eggbauer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Joerg H Schrittwieser
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
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Craft CL, Lemler PM, Vaccaro PH. Optical Activity in Saturated Cyclic Amines: Untangling the Roles of Nitrogen-Inversion and Ring-Puckering Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5562-5584. [PMID: 34142836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dispersive optical activity of two saturated cyclic amines, (R)-2-methylpyrrolidine (R-2MPY) and (S)-2-methylpiperidine (S-2MPI), has been interrogated under isolated and solvated conditions to elucidate the roles of large-amplitude motion associated with nitrogen-center inversion and ring-puckering dynamics. Experimental optical rotatory dispersion profiles were almost mirror images of one another and displayed parallel solvent dependencies. Quantum-chemical analyses built on density-functional and coupled-cluster methods revealed four low-lying conformers for each molecule, which are distinguished by axial/equatorial orientations of their amino hydrogens and methyl substituents. Chiroptical signatures predicted for these species were combined through an independent-conformer ansatz to simulate the ensemble-averaged response, with a polarizable continuum model (PCM) being used to treat implicit solute-solvent interactions. The intrinsic behavior observed for isolated (gaseous) R-2MPY and S-2MPI was reproduced best by merging coupled-cluster (CCSD) estimates of rotatory powers with thermal population fractions deduced from complete basis set (CBS-APNO) free-energy calculations. Although prior claims of sizable chiroptical contributions arising from helically twisted (chiral) heterocyclic frameworks could be discounted, less satisfactory agreement between experiment and theory was realized for solution phases. Response properties sustained modest isomer-dependent changes in the presence of PCM solvation, but the corresponding energy metrics showed systematic trends, whereby structures having larger electric-dipole moments were stabilized preferentially in media of high polarity. Despite the fact that R-2MPY conformations were predicted to undergo a progressive reordering of their relative energies across the six solvents of interest, S-2MPI was found to exhibit more pronounced solvent-induced perturbations at long wavelengths (viz., in regions far removed from electronic resonances). Experimental results are discussed in terms of the distinct ring-puckering mechanisms for R-2MPY and S-2MPI, which are expected to be dominated by hindered pseudorotation among envelope/twist motifs and semi-inversion between chairlike antipodes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton L Craft
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Paul M Lemler
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Patrick H Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Novakov IA, Sheikin DS, Navrotskii MB, Mkrtchyan AS, Brunilina LL, Balakin KV. Dexoxadrol and its bioisosteres: structure, synthesis, and pharmacological activity. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ge H, Zhou M, Lv D, Wang M, Dong C, Wan Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. New Insight Regarding the Relationship Between Enantioselective Toxicity Difference and Enantiomeric Toxicity Interaction from Chiral Ionic Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246163. [PMID: 31817689 PMCID: PMC6941021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chirality is an important property of molecules. The study of biological activity and toxicity of chiral molecules has important theoretical and practical significance for toxicology, pharmacology, and environmental science. The toxicological significance of chiral ionic liquids (ILs) has not been well revealed. In the present study, the enantiomeric joint toxicities of four pairs of chiral ILs 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate to Allivibrio fischeri were systematically investigated by using a comprehensive approach including the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) integrated with confidence interval (CI) method (CTCICI), concentration-response curve (CRC), and isobole analysis. The direct equipartition ray (EquRay) design was used to design five binary mixtures of enantiomers according to molar ratios of 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, and 5:1. The toxicities of chiral ILs and their mixtures were determined using the microplate toxicity analysis (MTA) method. Concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) were used as the additive reference models to construct the predicted CRC and isobole of mixtures. On the whole, there was an enantioselective toxicity difference between [BMIM]D-Lac and [BMIM]L-Lac, and [HMIM]D-Lac and [HMIM]L-Lac, while no enantioselective toxicity difference was observed for [EMIM]D-Lac and [EMIM]L-Lac, and [OMIM]D-Lac and [OMIM]L-Lac. Thereinto, the enantiomer mixtures of [BMIM]D-Lac and [BMIM]L-Lac, and [HMIM]D-Lac and [HMIM]L-Lac presented antagonistic action, and the enantiomer mixtures of [EMIM]D-Lac and [EMIM]L-Lac, and [OMIM]D-Lac and [OMIM]L-Lac overall presented additive action. Moreover, the greatest antagonistic toxicity interaction occurred at the equimolar ratio of enantiomers. Based on these results, we proposed two hypotheses, (1) chiral molecules with enantioselective toxicity difference tended to produce toxicity interactions, (2) the highest or lowest toxicity was usually at the equimolar ratio and its adjacent ratio for the enantiomer mixture. These hypotheses will need to be further validated by other enantiomer mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ge
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-898-6689-5011 (H.G.); +86-898-6689-5002 (M.W.)
| | - Min Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Daizhu Lv
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-898-6689-5011 (H.G.); +86-898-6689-5002 (M.W.)
| | - Cunzhu Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yao Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhenshan Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Suru Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
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Green BT, Lee ST, Gardner DR, Welch KD, Cook D. Bioactive Alkaloids from Plants Poisonous to Livestock in North America. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T. Green
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Stephen T. Lee
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Dale R. Gardner
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Kevin D. Welch
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
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Cui Y, Lin W, Ma S. A metal-catalyzed new approach for α-alkynylation of cyclic amines. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1796-1801. [PMID: 30842847 PMCID: PMC6369436 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The first catalytic α-alkynylation of cyclic amines with the help of the N-propargylic group with an exclusive high E-stereoselectivity has been realized.
The first catalytic α-alkynylation of cyclic amines with the help of the N-propargylic group to afford 2-(1-alkynyl) N-allylic cyclic amines with an exclusive E-stereoselectivity for the in situ formed C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C bond has been realized. Based on mechanistic studies, it is proven that the reaction proceeds through metal-mediated anti-1,5-hydride transfer forming an iminonium intermediate, which accepts the addition of the in situ generated 1-alkynyl metal species. The synthetic application has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China . .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Weilong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China . .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China . .,Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 220 Handan Lu , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
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Sun K, Yuan BH, Hu Y, Sun XW, Lin GQ. An efficient access to N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines in water: Application to one-pot synthesis of homoallylic amines, (+)-crispine A and (−)-coniine. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Toxins as tools: Fingerprinting neuronal pharmacology. Neurosci Lett 2018; 679:4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Andrew R, Izzo AA. Principles of pharmacological research of nutraceuticals. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1177-1194. [PMID: 28500635 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Andrew
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hotti H, Rischer H. The killer of Socrates: Coniine and Related Alkaloids in the Plant Kingdom. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111962. [PMID: 29135964 PMCID: PMC6150177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coniine, a polyketide-derived alkaloid, is poisonous to humans and animals. It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, which leads to inhibition of the nervous system, eventually causing death by suffocation in mammals. Coniine’s most famous victim is Socrates who was sentenced to death by poison chalice containing poison hemlock in 399 BC. In chemistry, coniine holds two historical records: It is the first alkaloid the chemical structure of which was established (in 1881), and that was chemically synthesized (in 1886). In plants, coniine and twelve closely related alkaloids are known from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.), and several Sarracenia and Aloe species. Recent work confirmed its biosynthetic polyketide origin. Biosynthesis commences by carbon backbone formation from butyryl-CoA and two malonyl-CoA building blocks catalyzed by polyketide synthase. A transamination reaction incorporates nitrogen from l-alanine and non-enzymatic cyclization leads to γ-coniceine, the first hemlock alkaloid in the pathway. Ultimately, reduction of γ-coniceine to coniine is facilitated by NADPH-dependent γ-coniceine reductase. Although coniine is notorious for its toxicity, there is no consensus on its ecological roles, especially in the carnivorous pitcher plants where it occurs. Lately there has been renewed interest in coniine’s medical uses particularly for pain relief without an addictive side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Hotti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland.
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Zhang Y, Yan Q, Zi G, Hou G. Enantioselective Direct Synthesis of Free Cyclic Amines via Intramolecular Reductive Amination. Org Lett 2017; 19:4215-4218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiaozhi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Barange DK, Johnson MT, Cairns AG, Olsson R, Almqvist F. Regio- and Stereoselective Alkylation of Pyridine-N-oxides: Synthesis of Substituted Piperidines and Pyridines. Org Lett 2016; 18:6228-6231. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magnus T. Johnson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Roger Olsson
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutic Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Puidokait M, Graefe J, Sehl A, Steinke K, Siehl HU, Zeller KP, Sicker D, Berger S. γ-Conicein und Coniin aus Geflecktem Schierling. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201600768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Hotti H, Seppänen-Laakso T, Arvas M, Teeri TH, Rischer H. Polyketide synthases from poison hemlock (Conium maculatumL.). FEBS J 2015; 282:4141-56. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Hotti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.; Espoo Finland
| | | | - Mikko Arvas
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.; Espoo Finland
| | - Teemu H. Teeri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.; Espoo Finland
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Green BT, Lee ST, Welch KD, Panter KE. Plant alkaloids that cause developmental defects through the disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:235-46. [PMID: 24339035 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of a developing embryo or fetus to alkaloids from plants, plant products, or plant extracts has the potential to cause developmental defects in humans and animals. These defects may have multiple causes, but those induced by piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloids arise from the inhibition of fetal movement and are generally referred to as multiple congenital contracture-type deformities. These skeletal deformities include arthrogyrposis, kyposis, lordosis, scoliosis, and torticollis, associated secondary defects, and cleft palate. Structure-function studies have shown that plant alkaloids with a piperidine ring and a minimum of a three-carbon side-chain α to the piperidine nitrogen are teratogenic. Further studies determined that an unsaturation in the piperidine ring, as occurs in gamma coniceine, or anabaseine, enhances the toxic and teratogenic activity, whereas the N-methyl derivatives are less potent. Enantiomers of the piperidine teratogens, coniine, ammodendrine, and anabasine, also exhibit differences in biological activity, as shown in cell culture studies, suggesting variability in the activity due to the optical rotation at the chiral center of these stereoisomers. In this article, we review the molecular mechanism at the nicotinic pharmacophore and biological activities, as it is currently understood, of a group of piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloid teratogens that impart a series of flexure-type skeletal defects and cleft palate in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, Utah, 84321
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Welch KD, Lee ST, Panter KE, Gardner DR, Knoppel EL, Green BT, Hammond CK, Hammond ZJ, Pfister JA. Studies on the teratogenicity of anabasine in a rat model. Toxicon 2014; 87:32-7. [PMID: 24905648 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A number of plant toxins have been shown to be teratogenic to livestock. The teratogenic action of some of these alkaloids is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). However, for many of these alkaloids it is difficult to obtain sufficient quantities of individual alkaloids to perform teratology studies in livestock species. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine if a rat model can be utilized to characterize the teratogenic nature of individual plant toxins that are nAChR agonists. In this study, we evaluated the teratogenicity of anabasine by feeding pregnant rats anabasine-containing rodent chow from gestational day (GD) 6-21. On GD21, the dams were euthanized and the gravid uteri were removed. The gravid uteri and individual pups were weighed. The pups were evaluated for bone malformations including cleft palate and scoliosis. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the rat is not a good model to study the teratogenicity of plant toxins that are nAChR agonists. It is possible that in the rat model, anabasine administered orally via the chow may not result in sufficient reduction in fetal movement to cause the significant malformations observed in livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - K E Panter
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - D R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - E L Knoppel
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - B T Green
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - C K Hammond
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - Z J Hammond
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - J A Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
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Deng HQ, Qian XY, Li YX, Zheng JF, Xie L, Huang PQ. A versatile two-step method for the reductive alkylation and formal [4 + 2] annulation of secondary lactams: step economical syntheses of the ant venom alkaloids (2R,5S)-2-butyl-5-propylpyrrolidine and (+)-monomorine I. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3qo00065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Panter KE, Welch KD, Gardner DR, Green BT. Poisonous plants: effects on embryo and fetal development. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2013; 99:223-34. [PMID: 24339034 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Poisonous plant research in the United States began over 100 years ago as a result of livestock losses from toxic plants as settlers migrated westward with their flocks, herds, and families. Major losses were soon associated with poisonous plants, such as locoweeds, selenium accumulating plants, poison-hemlock, larkspurs, Veratrum, lupines, death camas, water hemlock, and others. Identification of plants associated with poisoning, chemistry of the plants, physiological effects, pathology, diagnosis, and prognosis, why animals eat the plants, and grazing management to mitigate losses became the overarching mission of the current Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory. Additionally, spin-off benefits resulting from the animal research have provided novel compounds, new techniques, and animal models to study human health conditions (biomedical research). The Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory has become an international leader of poisonous plant research as evidenced by the recent completion of the ninth International Symposium on Poisonous Plant Research held July 2013 in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China. In this article, we review plants that negatively impact embryo/fetal and neonatal growth and development, with emphasis on those plants that cause birth defects. Although this article focuses on the general aspects of selected groups of plants and their effects on the developing offspring, a companion paper in this volume reviews current understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of toxicoses and teratogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kip E Panter
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah, 84341
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Green BT, Welch KD, Panter KE, Lee ST. Plant toxins that affect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: a review. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1129-38. [PMID: 23848825 DOI: 10.1021/tx400166f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide variety of chemical compounds termed secondary metabolites that are not involved in basic metabolism, photosynthesis, or reproduction. These compounds are used as flavors, fragrances, insecticides, dyes, hallucinogens, nutritional supplements, poisons, and pharmaceutical agents. However, in some cases these secondary metabolites found in poisonous plants perturb biological systems. Ingestion of toxins from poisonous plants by grazing livestock often results in large economic losses to the livestock industry. The chemical structures of these compounds are diverse and range from simple, low molecular weight toxins such as oxalate in halogeton to the highly complex norditerpene alkaloids in larkspurs. While the negative effects of plant toxins on people and the impact of plant toxins on livestock producers have been widely publicized, the diversity of these toxins and their potential as new pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of diseases in people and animals has also received widespread interest. Scientists are actively screening plants from all regions of the world for bioactivity and potential pharmaceuticals for the treatment or prevention of many diseases. In this review, we focus the discussion to those plant toxins extensively studied at the USDA Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory that affect the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors including species of Delphinium (Larkspurs), Lupinus (Lupines), Conium (poison hemlock), and Nicotiana (tobaccos).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, USA
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Ghislieri D, Green AP, Pontini M, Willies SC, Rowles I, Frank A, Grogan G, Turner NJ. Engineering an enantioselective amine oxidase for the synthesis of pharmaceutical building blocks and alkaloid natural products. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10863-9. [PMID: 23808566 DOI: 10.1021/ja4051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective and sustainable catalytic methods for the production of enantiomerically pure chiral amines is a key challenge facing the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. This challenge is highlighted by the estimate that 40-45% of drug candidates contain a chiral amine, fueling a demand for broadly applicable synthetic methods that deliver target structures in high yield and enantiomeric excess. Herein we describe the development and application of a "toolbox" of monoamine oxidase variants from Aspergillus niger (MAO-N) which display remarkable substrate scope and tolerance for sterically demanding motifs, including a new variant, which exhibits high activity and enantioselectivity toward substrates containing the aminodiphenylmethane (benzhydrylamine) template. By combining rational structure-guided engineering with high-throughput screening, it has been possible to expand the substrate scope of MAO-N to accommodate amine substrates containing bulky aryl substituents. These engineered MAO-N biocatalysts have been applied in deracemization reactions for the efficient asymmetric synthesis of the generic active pharmaceutical ingredients Solifenacin and Levocetirizine as well as the natural products (R)-coniine, (R)-eleagnine, and (R)-leptaflorine. We also report a novel MAO-N mediated asymmetric oxidative Pictet-Spengler approach to the synthesis of (R)-harmicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ghislieri
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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Vu VH, Jouanno LA, Cheignon A, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Sinbandhit S, Hurvois JP. Modified Fry Cyanation of a Chiral Pyridinium Salt: Asymmetric Syntheses of (-)-Coniine and (-)-Solenopsin A. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lee ST, Green BT, Welch KD, Jordan GT, Zhang Q, Panter KE, Hughes D, Chang CWT, Pfister JA, Gardner DR. Stereoselective Potencies and Relative Toxicities of γ-Coniceine and N-Methylconiine Enantiomers. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:616-21. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400050r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Benedict T. Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Kevin D. Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Glenn T. Jordan
- Cincinnati Hills Christian Academy, 11525 Snider Road, Cincinnati, Ohio
45249, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah
84322-0300, United States
| | - Kip E. Panter
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - David Hughes
- Cincinnati Hills Christian Academy, 11525 Snider Road, Cincinnati, Ohio
45249, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Tom Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah
84322-0300, United States
| | - James A. Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Dale R. Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
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Green BT, Lee ST, Welch KD, Pfister JA, Panter KE. Fetal Muscle-Type Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation in TE-671 Cells and Inhibition of Fetal Movement in a Day 40 Pregnant Goat Model by Optical Isomers of the Piperidine Alkaloid Coniine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:295-307. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.199588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Green BT, Lee ST, Panter KE, Brown DR. Piperidine alkaloids: human and food animal teratogens. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2049-55. [PMID: 22449544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Piperidine alkaloids are acutely toxic to adult livestock species and produce musculoskeletal deformities in neonatal animals. These teratogenic effects include multiple congenital contracture (MCC) deformities and cleft palate in cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. Poisonous plants containing teratogenic piperidine alkaloids include poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), lupine (Lupinus spp.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) [including wild tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)]. There is abundant epidemiological evidence in humans that link maternal tobacco use with a high incidence of oral clefting in newborns; this association may be partly attributable to the presence of piperidine alkaloids in tobacco products. In this review, we summarize the evidence for piperidine alkaloids that act as teratogens in livestock, piperidine alkaloid structure-activity relationships and their potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
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Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM. Enantiomeric natural products: occurrence and biogenesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4802-36. [PMID: 22555867 PMCID: PMC3498912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In nature, chiral natural products are usually produced in optically pure form-however, occasionally both enantiomers are formed. These enantiomeric natural products can arise from a single species or from different genera and/or species. Extensive research has been carried out over the years in an attempt to understand the biogenesis of naturally occurring enantiomers; however, many fascinating puzzles and stereochemical anomalies still remain.
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Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM. Enantiomere Naturstoffe: Vorkommen und Biogenese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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A novel toxic alkaloid from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L., Apiaceae): Identification, synthesis and antinociceptive activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:274-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Kolleth A, Christoph S, Arseniyadis S, Cossy J. Kinetic resolution of propargylamines via a highly enantioselective non-enzymatic N-acylation process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10511-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35719d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Green BT, Welch KD, Cook D, Gardner DR. Potentiation of the actions of acetylcholine, epibatidine, and nicotine by methyllycaconitine at fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 662:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Xiao KJ, Wang Y, Ye KY, Huang PQ. Versatile one-pot reductive alkylation of lactams/amides via amide activation: application to the concise syntheses of bioactive alkaloids (±)-bgugaine, (±)-coniine, (+)-preussin, and (-)-cassine. Chemistry 2011; 16:12792-6. [PMID: 20938943 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jiong Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
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Green BT, Lee ST, Panter KE, Welch KD, Cook D, Pfister JA, Kem WR. Actions of piperidine alkaloid teratogens at fetal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 32:383-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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