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Zhao H, Xu J, Zhong Y, He S, Hao Z, Zhang B, Liu Z, Zhou X. Mammary hydroxylated oestrogen activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in tumor-associated macrophages to promote breast cancer progression and metastasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113034. [PMID: 39226826 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the primary causes of cancer-related death. An imbalance of oestrogen homeostasis and an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) are vital risk factors for the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. Here, we showed that oestrogen homeostasis was disrupted both in breast cancer patients and in a transgenic MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer, and significant levels of hydroxylated oestrogen accumulated in the mammary tissues of these patients and mice. We also observed that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were the main population of immune cells present in the breast TME. TAM-dependent tumor metastasis could be triggered by hydroxylated oestrogen via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production. Mechanistically, TAM-derived inflammatory cytokines induced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in breast tumor cells, leading to breast tumor invasion and metastasis. Conceptually, our study reveals a previously unknown role of hydroxylated oestrogen in the reprogramming of the TME via NLRP3 inflammasome activation in TAMs, which ultimately facilitates breast cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210017 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Ya'nan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Shiqing He
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, 221009 Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China.
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China.
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2
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Miller JL, Reddy A, Harman RM, Van de Walle GR. A xenotransplantation mouse model to study physiology of the mammary gland from large mammals. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298390. [PMID: 38416747 PMCID: PMC10901318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Although highly conserved in structure and function, many (patho)physiological processes of the mammary gland vary drastically between mammals, with mechanisms regulating these differences not well understood. Large mammals display variable lactation strategies and mammary cancer incidence, however, research into these variations is often limited to in vitro analysis due to logistical limitations. Validating a model with functional mammary xenografts from cryopreserved tissue fragments would allow for in vivo comparative analysis of mammary glands from large and/or rare mammals and would improve our understanding of postnatal development, lactation, and premalignancy across mammals. To this end, we generated functional mammary xenografts using mammary tissue fragments containing mammary stroma and parenchyma isolated via an antibody-independent approach from healthy, nulliparous equine and canine donor tissues to study these species in vivo. Cryopreserved mammary tissue fragments were xenotransplanted into de-epithelialized fat pads of immunodeficient mice and resulting xenografts were structurally and functionally assessed. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts was performed to promote ductal morphogenesis. Xenografts recapitulated mammary lobule architecture and contained donor-derived stromal components. Mammatropic hormone stimulation resulted in (i) upregulation of lactation-associated genes, (ii) altered proliferation index, and (iii) morphological changes, indicating functionality. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts did not promote ductal morphogenesis. This model presents the opportunity to study novel mechanisms regulating unique lactation strategies and mammary cancer induction in vivo. Due to the universal applicability of this approach, this model serves as proof-of-concept for developing mammary xenografts for in vivo analysis of virtually any mammals, including large and rare mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Miller
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Reddy
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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3
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Li H, Seada H, Madnick S, Zhao H, Chen Z, Li F, Zhu F, Hall S, Boekelheide K. Machine learning-assisted high-content imaging analysis of 3D MCF7 microtissues for estrogenic effect prediction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2999. [PMID: 38316851 PMCID: PMC10844358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) pose a significant threat to human well-being and the ecosystem. However, in managing the many thousands of uncharacterized chemical entities, the high-throughput screening of EDCs using relevant biological endpoints remains challenging. Three-dimensional (3D) culture technology enables the development of more physiologically relevant systems in more realistic biochemical microenvironments. The high-content and quantitative imaging techniques enable quantifying endpoints associated with cell morphology, cell-cell interaction, and microtissue organization. In the present study, 3D microtissues formed by MCF-7 breast cancer cells were exposed to the model EDCs estradiol (E2) and propyl pyrazole triol (PPT). A 3D imaging and image analysis pipeline was established to extract quantitative image features from estrogen-exposed microtissues. Moreover, a machine-learning classification model was built using estrogenic-associated differential imaging features. Based on 140 common differential image features found between the E2 and PPT group, the classification model predicted E2 and PPT exposure with AUC-ROC at 0.9528 and 0.9513, respectively. Deep learning-assisted analysis software was developed to characterize microtissue gland lumen formation. The fully automated tool can accurately characterize the number of identified lumens and the total luminal volume of each microtissue. Overall, the current study established an integrated approach by combining non-supervised image feature profiling and supervised luminal volume characterization, which reflected the complexity of functional ER signaling and highlighted a promising conceptual framework for estrogenic EDC risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Haitham Seada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Samantha Madnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - He Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhaozeng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susan Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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4
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García-Sancha N, Corchado-Cobos R, Blanco-Gómez A, Cunillera Puértolas O, Marzo-Castillejo M, Castillo-Lluva S, Alonso-López D, De Las Rivas J, Pozo J, Orfao A, Valero-Juan L, Patino-Alonso C, Perera D, Venkitaraman AR, Mao JH, Chang H, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, González-García P, Caleiras E, Peset I, Cenador MBG, García-Criado FJ, Pérez-Losada J. Cabergoline as a Novel Strategy for Post-Pregnancy Breast Cancer Prevention in Mice and Human. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3854490. [PMID: 38405932 PMCID: PMC10889045 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3854490/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Post-pregnancy breast cancer often carries a poor prognosis, posing a major clinical challenge. The increasing trend of later-life pregnancies exacerbates this risk, highlighting the need for effective chemoprevention strategies. Current options, limited to selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, or surgical procedures, offer limited efficacy and considerable side effects. Here, we report that cabergoline, a dopaminergic agonist, reduces the risk of breast cancer post-pregnancy in a Brca1/P53-deficient mouse model, with implications for human breast cancer prevention. We show that a single dose of cabergoline administered post-pregnancy significantly delayed the onset and reduced the incidence of breast cancer in Brca1/P53-deficient mice. Histological analysis revealed a notable acceleration in post-lactational involution over the short term, characterized by increased apoptosis and altered gene expression related to ion transport. Over the long term, histological changes in the mammary gland included a reduction in the ductal component, decreased epithelial proliferation, and a lower presence of recombinant Brca1/P53 target cells, which are precursors of tumors. These changes serve as indicators of reduced breast cancer susceptibility. Additionally, RNA sequencing identified gene expression alterations associated with decreased proliferation and mammary gland branching. Our findings highlight a mechanism wherein cabergoline enhances the protective effect of pregnancy against breast cancer by potentiating postlactational involution. Notably, a retrospective cohort study in women demonstrated a markedly lower incidence of post-pregnancy breast cancer in those treated with cabergoline compared to a control group. Our work underscores the importance of enhancing postlactational involution as a strategy for breast cancer prevention, and identifies cabergoline as a promising, low-risk option in breast cancer chemoprevention. This strategy has the potential to revolutionize breast cancer prevention approaches, particularly for women at increased risk due to genetic factors or delayed childbirth, and has wider implications beyond hereditary breast cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oriol Cunillera Puértolas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Sud, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), L'Hospitalet de LL
| | - Mercè Marzo-Castillejo
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca - IDIAP Jordi Gol. Direcció d'Atenció Primària Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut
| | | | - Diego Alonso-López
- Cancer Research Center (CIC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca (USAL)
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC/USAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas & University of Salamanca
| | - Julio Pozo
- Servicio de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina, Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, and Instituto de Biolog
| | | | - Luis Valero-Juan
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico. Universidad de Salamanca
| | | | - David Perera
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Peset
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid
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5
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Romero-Arias JR, González-Castro CA, Ramírez-Santiago G. A multiscale model of the role of microenvironmental factors in cell segregation and heterogeneity in breast cancer development. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011673. [PMID: 37992135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed a quantitative multiscale model that describes the epigenetic dynamics during the growth and evolution of an avascular tumor. A gene regulatory network (GRN) formed by a set of ten genes that are believed to play an important role in breast cancer development was kinetically coupled to the microenvironmental agents: glucose, estrogens, and oxygen. The dynamics of spontaneous mutations was described by a Yule-Furry master equation whose solution represents the probability that a given cell in the tissue undergoes a certain number of mutations at a given time. We assumed that the mutation rate is modified by a spatial gradient of nutrients. The tumor mass was simulated by means of cellular automata supplemented with a set of reaction diffusion equations that described the transport of microenvironmental agents. By analyzing the epigenetic state space described by the GRN dynamics, we found three attractors that were identified with cellular epigenetic states: normal, precancer and cancer. For two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) tumors we calculated the spatial distribution of the following quantities: (i) number of mutations, (ii) mutation of each gene and, (iii) phenotypes. Using estrogen as the principal microenvironmental agent that regulates cell proliferation process, we obtained tumor shapes for different values of estrogen consumption and supply rates. It was found that he majority of mutations occurred in cells that were located close to the 2D tumor perimeter or close to the 3D tumor surface. Also, it was found that the occurrence of different phenotypes in the tumor are controlled by estrogen concentration levels since they can change the individual cell threshold and gene expression levels. All results were consistently observed for 2D and 3D tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roberto Romero-Arias
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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6
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Sahito JZA, Deng S, Qin L, Xiao L, Zhang D, Huang B. CeRNA Network Reveals the Circular RNA Characterization in Goat Ear Fibroblasts Reprogramming into Mammary Epithelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1831. [PMID: 37895180 PMCID: PMC10606430 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA that play a crucial role in the development and lactation of mammary glands in mammals. A total of 107 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE circRNAs) were found, of which 52 were up-regulated and 55 were down-regulated. We also found that DE circRNA host genes were mainly involved in GO terms related to the development process of mammary epithelial cells and KEGG pathways were mostly related to mammary epithelial cells, lactation, and gland development. Protein network analysis found that DE circRNAs can competitively bind to miRNAs as key circRNAs by constructing a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. CircRNAs competitively bind to miRNAs (miR-10b-3p, miR-671-5p, chi-miR-200c, chi-miR-378-3p, and chi-miR-30e-5p) involved in goat mammary gland development, mammary epithelial cells, and lactation, affecting the expression of core genes (CDH2, MAPK1, ITGB1, CAMSAP2, and MAPKAPK5). Here, we generated CiMECs and systematically explored the differences in the transcription profile for the first time using whole-transcriptome sequencing. We also analyzed the interaction among mRNA, miRNA, and cirRNA and predicted that circRNA plays an important role in the maintenance of mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jam Zaheer Ahmed Sahito
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shan Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Liangshan Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Lianggui Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ben Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
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7
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Clemenceau A, Lacouture A, Bherer J, Ouellette G, Michaud A, Audet-Walsh É, Diorio C, Durocher F. Role of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 in Early Breast Carcinogenesis and Breast Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082251. [PMID: 37190179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A human transcriptome array on ERα-positive breast cancer continuum of risk identified Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 (SFRP1) as decreased during breast cancer progression. In addition, SFRP1 was inversely associated with breast tissue age-related lobular involution, and differentially regulated in women with regard to their parity status and the presence of microcalcifications. The causal role of SFRP1 in breast carcinogenesis remains, nevertheless, not well understood. In this study, we characterized mammary epithelial cells from both nulliparous and multiparous mice in organoid culture ex vivo, in the presence of estradiol (E2) and/or hydroxyapatite microcalcifications (HA). Furthermore, we have modulated SFRP1 expression in breast cancer cell lines, including the MCF10A series, and investigated their tumoral properties. We observed that organoids obtained from multiparous mice were resistant to E2 treatment, while organoids obtained from nulliparous mice developed the luminal phenotype associated with a lower ratio between Sfrp1 and Esr1 expression. The decrease in SFRP1 expression in MCF10A and MCF10AT1 cell lines increased their tumorigenic properties in vitro. On the other hand, the overexpression of SFRP1 in MCF10DCIS, MCF10CA1a, and MCF7 reduced their aggressiveness. Our results support the hypothesis that a lack of SFRP1 could have a causal role in early breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Clemenceau
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Aurélie Lacouture
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Juliette Bherer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Geneviève Ouellette
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Annick Michaud
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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8
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Sghaier I, Zidi S, El-Ghali RM, Daldoul A, Aimagambetova G, Almawi WY. Unique ESR1 and ESR2 estrogen receptor gene variants associated with altered risk of triple-negative breast cancer: A case-control study. Gene 2023; 851:146969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Exogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Risk: Contraception, Menopausal Hormone Therapy, and Breast Cancer Survivors. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 65:510-523. [PMID: 35703230 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of exogenous estrogen and progesterone/progestin medications spans the reproductive and postreproductive lives of millions of women providing control over pregnancy timing, management of premenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms, and prevention of disease, including endometrial and ovarian cancer. These same hormones can also increase the risk of breast cancer in some settings and their use in breast cancer survivors may increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Given both the benefits and risks of these exogenous hormones, a detailed understanding of the available scientific evidence is imperative to help counsel individuals in their use across various settings.
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10
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Sehl ME, Henry JE, Storniolo AM, Horvath S, Ganz PA. The impact of reproductive factors on DNA methylation-based telomere length in healthy breast tissue. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:48. [PMID: 35418123 PMCID: PMC9007943 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen promotes breast tissue proliferation and telomerase activation. We investigated the effects of reproductive history on cell cycling and telomere length using a DNA methylation-based estimate of telomere length (DNAmTL) in breast and blood from healthy women donors. We demonstrate that DNAmTL is shorter in breast than in blood, and that nulliparous women have longer age-adjusted DNAmTL in both breast and blood, potentially explaining their higher risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Sehl
- Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Jill E Henry
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anna Maria Storniolo
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Gonda Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA
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11
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Identification of key structural features of phosphate and thiophosphate tricyclic coumarin analogs as STS inhibitors. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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12
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Edwards A, Brennan K. Notch Signalling in Breast Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692173. [PMID: 34295896 PMCID: PMC8290365 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is a highly conserved developmental signalling pathway, with vital roles in determining cell fate during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant Notch signalling has been implicated in many disease pathologies, including cancer. In this review, we will outline the mechanism and regulation of the Notch signalling pathway. We will also outline the role Notch signalling plays in normal mammary gland development and how Notch signalling is implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. We will cover how Notch signalling controls several different hallmarks of cancer within epithelial cells with sections focussed on its roles in proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. We will provide evidence for Notch signalling in the breast cancer stem cell phenotype, which also has implications for therapy resistance and disease relapse in breast cancer patients. Finally, we will summarise the developments in therapeutic targeting of Notch signalling, and the pros and cons of this approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Edwards
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Brennan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Rusidzé M, Adlanmérini M, Chantalat E, Raymond-Letron I, Cayre S, Arnal JF, Deugnier MA, Lenfant F. Estrogen receptor-α signaling in post-natal mammary development and breast cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5681-5705. [PMID: 34156490 PMCID: PMC8316234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol controls post-natal mammary gland development and exerts its effects through Estrogen Receptor ERα, a member of the nuclear receptor family. ERα is also critical for breast cancer progression and remains a central therapeutic target for hormone-dependent breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the complex ERα signaling pathways that involve either classical nuclear “genomic” or membrane “non-genomic” actions and regulate in concert with other hormones the different stages of mammary development. We describe the cellular and molecular features of the luminal cell lineage expressing ERα and provide an overview of the transgenic mouse models impacting ERα signaling, highlighting the pivotal role of ERα in mammary gland morphogenesis and function and its implication in the tumorigenic processes. Finally, we describe the main features of the ERα-positive luminal breast cancers and their modeling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rusidzé
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmérini
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - I Raymond-Letron
- LabHPEC et Institut RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS U-5070, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1301, Toulouse, France
| | - Surya Cayre
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France.
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14
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Slepicka PF, Somasundara AVH, Dos Santos CO. The molecular basis of mammary gland development and epithelial differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:93-112. [PMID: 33082117 PMCID: PMC8052380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular events underpinning the development of mammalian organ systems has been increasing rapidly in recent years. With the advent of new and improved next-generation sequencing methods, we are now able to dig deeper than ever before into the genomic and epigenomic events that play critical roles in determining the fates of stem and progenitor cells during the development of an embryo into an adult. In this review, we detail and discuss the genes and pathways that are involved in mammary gland development, from embryogenesis, through maturation into an adult gland, to the role of pregnancy signals in directing the terminal maturation of the mammary gland into a milk producing organ that can nurture the offspring. We also provide an overview of the latest research in the single-cell genomics of mammary gland development, which may help us to understand the lineage commitment of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) into luminal or basal epithelial cells that constitute the mammary gland. Finally, we summarize the use of 3D organoid cultures as a model system to study the molecular events during mammary gland development. Our increased investigation of the molecular requirements for normal mammary gland development will advance the discovery of targets to predict breast cancer risk and the development of new breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferreira Slepicka
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Camila O Dos Santos
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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15
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Progesterone receptors in normal breast development and breast cancer. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:951-969. [PMID: 34061163 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone receptors (PR) play a pivotal role in many female reproductive tissues such as the uterus, the ovary, and the mammary gland (MG). Moreover, PR play a key role in breast cancer growth and progression. This has led to the development and study of different progestins and antiprogestins, many of which are currently being tested in clinical trials for cancer treatment. Recent reviews have addressed the role of PR in MG development, carcinogenesis, and breast cancer growth. Thus, in this review, in addition to making an overview on PR action in normal and tumor breast, the focus has been put on highlighting the still unresolved topics on hormone treatment involving PR isoforms and breast cancer prognosis.
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16
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Boonyaratanakornkit V, McGowan EM, Márquez-Garbán DC, Burton LP, Hamilton N, Pateetin P, Pietras RJ. Progesterone Receptor Signaling in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:443-474. [PMID: 34664251 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex infrastructure composed of stromal, epithelial, and immune cells embedded in a vasculature ECM. The microenvironment surrounding mammary epithelium plays a critical role during the development and differentiation of the mammary gland, enabling the coordination of the complex multihormones and growth factor signaling processes. Progesterone/progesterone receptor paracrine signaling interactions in the microenvironment play vital roles in stem/progenitor cell function during normal breast development. In breast cancer, the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, and growth factor signals are altered in the TME. Progesterone signaling modulates not only breast tumors but also the breast TME, leading to the activation of a series of cross-communications that are implicated in the genesis of breast cancers. This chapter reviews the evidence that progesterone and PR signaling modulates not only breast epitheliums but also the breast TME. Furthermore, crosstalk between estrogen and progesterone signaling affecting different cell types within the TME is discussed. A better understanding of how PR and progesterone affect the TME of breast cancer may lead to novel drugs or a therapeutic approach for the treatment of breast cancer shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Eileen M McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Diana C Márquez-Garbán
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L P Burton
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nalo Hamilton
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prangwan Pateetin
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard J Pietras
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Pubertal mammary gland development is a key determinant of adult mammographic density. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:143-158. [PMID: 33309487 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammographic density refers to the radiological appearance of fibroglandular and adipose tissue on a mammogram of the breast. Women with relatively high mammographic density for their age and body mass index are at significantly higher risk for breast cancer. The association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk is well-established, however the molecular and cellular events that lead to the development of high mammographic density are yet to be elucidated. Puberty is a critical time for breast development, where endocrine and paracrine signalling drive development of the mammary gland epithelium, stroma, and adipose tissue. As the relative abundance of these cell types determines the radiological appearance of the adult breast, puberty should be considered as a key developmental stage in the establishment of mammographic density. Epidemiological studies have pointed to the significance of pubertal adipose tissue deposition, as well as timing of menarche and thelarche, on adult mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Activation of hypothalamic-pituitary axes during puberty combined with genetic and epigenetic molecular determinants, together with stromal fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and immune signalling factors in the mammary gland, act in concert to drive breast development and the relative abundance of different cell types in the adult breast. Here, we discuss the key cellular and molecular mechanisms through which pubertal mammary gland development may affect adult mammographic density and cancer risk.
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18
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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Governing the Transcriptional Regulation of ESR1. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:129-147. [PMID: 32592004 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of ESR1, the gene that encodes for estrogen receptor α (ER), is critical for regulating the downstream effects of the estrogen signaling pathway in breast cancer such as cell growth. ESR1 is a large and complex gene that is regulated by multiple regulatory elements, which has complicated our understanding of how ESR1 expression is controlled in the context of breast cancer. Early studies characterized the genomic structure of ESR1 with subsequent studies focused on identifying intrinsic (chromatin environment, transcription factors, signaling pathways) and extrinsic (tumor microenvironment, secreted factors) mechanisms that impact ESR1 gene expression. Currently, the introduction of genomic sequencing platforms and additional genome-wide technologies has provided additional insight on how chromatin structures may coordinate with these intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to regulate ESR1 expression. Understanding these interactions will allow us to have a clearer understanding of how ESR1 expression is regulated and eventually provide clues on how to influence its regulation with potential treatments. In this review, we highlight key studies concerning the genomic structure of ESR1, mechanisms that affect the dynamics of ESR1 expression, and considerations towards affecting ESR1 expression and hormone responsiveness in breast cancer.
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19
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Dunphy KA, Black AL, Roberts AL, Sharma A, Li Z, Suresh S, Browne EP, Arcaro KF, Ser-Dolansky J, Bigelow C, Troester MA, Schneider SS, Makari-Judson G, Crisi GM, Jerry DJ. Inter-Individual Variation in Response to Estrogen in Human Breast Explants. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:51-68. [PMID: 32152951 PMCID: PMC7147970 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to estrogen is strongly associated with increased breast cancer risk. While all women are exposed to estrogen, only 12% are expected to develop breast cancer during their lifetime. These women may be more sensitive to estrogen, as rodent models have demonstrated variability in estrogen sensitivity. Our objective was to determine individual variation in expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen-induced responses in the normal human breast. Human breast tissue from female donors undergoing reduction mammoplasty surgery were collected for microarray analysis of ER expression. To examine estrogen-induced responses, breast tissue from 23 female donors were cultured ex- vivo in basal or 10 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) media for 4 days. Expression of ER genes (ESR1 and ESR2) increased significantly with age. E2 induced consistent increases in global gene transcription, but expression of target genes AREG, PGR, and TGFβ2 increased significantly only in explants from nulliparous women. E2-treatment did not induce consistent changes in proliferation or radiation induced apoptosis. Responses to estrogen are highly variable among women and not associated with levels of ER expression, suggesting differences in intracellular signaling among individuals. The differences in sensitivity to E2-stimulated responses may contribute to variation in risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Dunphy
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Amye L Black
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Amy L Roberts
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Aman Sharma
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Zida Li
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sneha Suresh
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Eva P Browne
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Grace Makari-Judson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School/Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Giovanna M Crisi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School/Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences, Springfield, MA, USA
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20
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Zanardi MV, Schimpf MG, Gastiazoro MP, Milesi MM, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Varayoud J, Durando M. Glyphosate-based herbicide induces hyperplastic ducts in the mammary gland of aging Wistar rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110658. [PMID: 31756423 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) exposure is known to have adverse effects on endocrine-related tissues. Here, we aimed to determine whether early postnatal exposure to a GBH induces long-term effects on the rat mammary gland. Thus, female Wistar pups were injected with saline solution (Control) or GBH (2 mg glyphosate/kg/day) on postnatal days (PND) 1, 3, 5 and 7. At 20 months of age, mammary gland samples were collected to determine histomorphological features, proliferation index and the expression of steroid hormone receptors expression, by immunohistochemistry, and serum samples were collected to assess 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. GBH exposure induced morphological changes evidenced by a higher percentage of hyperplastic ducts and a fibroblastic-like stroma in the mammary gland. GBH-treated rats also showed a high expression of steroid hormone receptors in hyperplastic ducts. The results indicate that early postnatal exposure to GBH induces long-term alterations in the mammary gland morphology of aging female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Zanardi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL; UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marlise Guerrero Schimpf
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL; UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María P Gastiazoro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL; UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María M Milesi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL; UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL; UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Varayoud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL; UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Milena Durando
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL; UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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21
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Cornelissen LM, Henneman L, Drenth AP, Schut E, de Bruijn R, Klarenbeek S, Zwart W, Jonkers J. Exogenous ERα Expression in the Mammary Epithelium Decreases Over Time and Does Not Contribute to p53-Deficient Mammary Tumor Formation in Mice. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:305-321. [PMID: 31729597 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 75% of all breast cancers express the nuclear hormone receptor estrogen receptor α (ERα). However, the majority of mammary tumors from genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are ERα-negative. To model ERα-positive breast cancer in mice, we exogenously introduced expression of mouse and human ERα in an existing GEMM of p53-deficient breast cancer. After initial ERα expression during mammary gland development, expression was reduced or lost in adult glands and p53-deficient mammary tumors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing analysis of primary mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs) derived from these models, in which expression of the ERα constructs was induced in vitro, confirmed interaction of ERα with the DNA. In human breast and endometrial cancer, and also in healthy breast tissue, DNA binding of ERα is facilitated by the pioneer factor FOXA1. Surprisingly, the ERα binding sites identified in primary MMECs, but also in mouse mammary gland and uterus, showed an high enrichment of ERE motifs, but were devoid of Forkhead motifs. Furthermore, exogenous introduction of FOXA1 and GATA3 in ERα-expressing MMECs was not sufficient to promote ERα-responsiveness of these cells. Together, this suggests that species-specific differences in pioneer factor usage between mouse and human are dictated by the DNA sequence, resulting in ERα-dependencies in mice that are not FOXA1 driven. These species-specific differences in ERα-biology may limit the utility of mice for in vivo modeling of ERα-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette M Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging - Transgenic facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Schut
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenisis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Terry MB, Michels KB, Brody JG, Byrne C, Chen S, Jerry DJ, Malecki KMC, Martin MB, Miller RL, Neuhausen SL, Silk K, Trentham-Dietz A. Environmental exposures during windows of susceptibility for breast cancer: a framework for prevention research. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:96. [PMID: 31429809 PMCID: PMC6701090 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The long time from exposure to potentially harmful chemicals until breast cancer occurrence poses challenges for designing etiologic studies and for implementing successful prevention programs. Growing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that distinct time periods of heightened susceptibility to endocrine disruptors exist throughout the life course. The influence of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk may be greater during several windows of susceptibility (WOS) in a woman’s life, including prenatal development, puberty, pregnancy, and the menopausal transition. These time windows are considered as specific periods of susceptibility for breast cancer because significant structural and functional changes occur in the mammary gland, as well as alterations in the mammary micro-environment and hormone signaling that may influence risk. Breast cancer research focused on these breast cancer WOS will accelerate understanding of disease etiology and prevention. Main text Despite the plausible heightened mechanistic influences of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk during time periods of change in the mammary gland’s structure and function, most human studies of environmental chemicals are not focused on specific WOS. This article reviews studies conducted over the past few decades that have specifically addressed the effect of environmental chemicals and metals on breast cancer risk during at least one of these WOS. In addition to summarizing the broader evidence-base specific to WOS, we include discussion of the NIH-funded Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program (BCERP) which included population-based and basic science research focused on specific WOS to evaluate associations between breast cancer risk and particular classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals—including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and phenols—and metals. We outline ways in which ongoing transdisciplinary BCERP projects incorporate animal research and human epidemiologic studies in close partnership with community organizations and communication scientists to identify research priorities and effectively translate evidence-based findings to the public and policy makers. Conclusions An integrative model of breast cancer research is needed to determine the impact and mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors at different WOS. By focusing on environmental chemical exposure during specific WOS, scientists and their community partners may identify when prevention efforts are likely to be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1611, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, CHS 71-254, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Celia Byrne
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road A-1039F, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute and Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Kristen M C Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences and the Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 605, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Mary Beth Martin
- Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, E411 New Research Building, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Environmental Health Sciences; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, PH8E-101B, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kami Silk
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 250 Pearson Hall, 125 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 307, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
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23
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Yu D, Shi L, Bu Y, Li W. Cell Division Cycle Associated 8 Is a Key Regulator of Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2019; 22:237-247. [PMID: 31281726 PMCID: PMC6597414 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies globally, and millions of women worldwide are diagnosed with BC every year. Up to 70% of BC patients are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive. Numerous studies have shown that tamoxifen has a significant therapeutic effect on both primary and metastatic ER-positive BC patients. Although tamoxifen is currently one of the most successful therapeutic agents for BC, a significant proportion of patients will eventually become resistant to tamoxifen, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Knowledge about the development of tamoxifen resistance in BC patients is still limited. Methods We applied a loss-and-gain method to study the biological functional role of cell division cycle associated 8 (CDCA8) in tamoxifen resistance in BC cells. Results We found that CDCA8 was significantly elevated in tamoxifen-resistant BC cells. Knockdown of CDCA8 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant BC cells and reduced their resistance to tamoxifen. In contrast, overexpression of CDCA8 promoted the growth of tamoxifen-sensitive BC cells and induced their resistance to tamoxifen. Conclusion In this study, we reported that CDCA8 is a key regulator of tamoxifen resistance in BC, suggesting that CDCA8 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The People's Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, China
| | - Libo Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The People's Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Bu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The People's Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The People's Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, China
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24
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Fritz AJ, Gillis NE, Gerrard DL, Rodriguez PD, Hong D, Rose JT, Ghule PN, Bolf EL, Gordon JA, Tye CE, Boyd JR, Tracy KM, Nickerson JA, van Wijnen AJ, Imbalzano AN, Heath JL, Frietze SE, Zaidi SK, Carr FE, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. Higher order genomic organization and epigenetic control maintain cellular identity and prevent breast cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:484-499. [PMID: 30873710 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells establish and sustain structural and functional integrity of the genome to support cellular identity and prevent malignant transformation. In this review, we present a strategic overview of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms including histone modifications and higher order chromatin organization (HCO) that are perturbed in breast cancer onset and progression. Implications for dysfunctions that occur in hormone regulation, cell cycle control, and mitotic bookmarking in breast cancer are considered, with an emphasis on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell activities. The architectural organization of regulatory machinery is addressed within the contexts of translating cancer-compromised genomic organization to advances in breast cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and identification of novel therapeutic targets with high specificity and minimal off target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - N E Gillis
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology, Larner college of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - D L Gerrard
- Cellular Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - P D Rodriguez
- Cellular Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - D Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J T Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - P N Ghule
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - E L Bolf
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology, Larner college of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J A Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - C E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J R Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - K M Tracy
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J A Nickerson
- Division of Genes and Development of the Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - A J van Wijnen
- Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - A N Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - J L Heath
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - S E Frietze
- Cellular Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - S K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - F E Carr
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology, Larner college of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - J L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - G S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
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25
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Ji Z, Chao T, Zhang C, Liu Z, Hou L, Wang J, Wang A, Wang Y, Zhou J, Xuan R, Wang G, Wang J. Transcriptome Analysis of Dairy Goat Mammary Gland Tissues from Different Lactation Stages. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:129-143. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Tianle Chao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohua Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Aili Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Guizhi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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26
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Binder AM, Stiemsma LT, Keller K, van Otterdijk SD, Mericq V, Pereira A, Santos JL, Shepherd J, Michels KB. Inverse association between estrogen receptor-α DNA methylation and breast composition in adolescent Chilean girls. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:122. [PMID: 30286806 PMCID: PMC6172836 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) is a transcriptional regulator, which mediates estrogen-dependent breast development, as well as breast tumorigenesis. The influence of epigenetic regulation of ER-α on adolescent breast composition has not been previously studied and could serve as a marker of pubertal health and susceptibility to breast cancer. We investigated the association between ER-α DNA methylation in leukocytes and breast composition in adolescent Chilean girls enrolled in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (GOCS) in Santiago, Chile. Breast composition (total breast volume (BV; cm3), fibroglandular volume (FGV; cm3), and percent fibroglandular volume (%FGV)) was measured at breast Tanner stage 4 (B4). ER-α promoter DNA methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing in blood samples collected at breast Tanner stages 2 (B2; n = 256) and B4 (n = 338). Results After adjusting for fat percentage at breast density measurement, ER-α methylation at B2, and cellular heterogeneity, we observed an inverse association between B4 average ER-α DNA methylation and BV and FGV. Geometric mean BV was 15% lower (95% CI: − 28%, − 1%) among girls in the highest quartile of B4 ER-α methylation (6.96–23.60%) relative to the lowest (0.78–3.37%). Similarly, FGV was 19% lower (95% CI: − 33%, − 2%) among girls in the highest quartile of B4 ER-α methylation relative to the lowest. The association between ER-α methylation and breast composition was not significantly modified by body fat percentage and was not influenced by pubertal timing. Conclusions These findings suggest that the methylation profile of ER-α may modulate adolescent response to estrogen and breast composition, which may influence breast cancer risk in adulthood. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0553-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Binder
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Leah T Stiemsma
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Kristen Keller
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Sanne D van Otterdijk
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Verónica Mericq
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - John Shepherd
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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27
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Kensler KH, Beca F, Baker GM, Heng YJ, Beck AH, Schnitt SJ, Hazra A, Rosner BA, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Brown M, Tamimi RM. Androgen receptor expression in normal breast tissue and subsequent breast cancer risk. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:33. [PMID: 30276234 PMCID: PMC6155011 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormone signaling is critical in the development of breast cancers, although the role of the androgen receptor remains unclear. This study evaluated androgen receptor (AR) expression in normal breast tissue as a potential marker of breast cancer risk. We conducted a nested case-control study of women with benign breast disease (BBD) within the Nurses' Health Studies. Epithelial AR expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in normal tissue from the BBD biopsy and the percent of positive nuclei was estimated in ordinal categories of 10% for 78 breast cancer cases and 276 controls. Logistic regression models adjusting for the matching factors and BBD lesion type were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between AR expression (tertiles: ≤10%, 11-30%, and >30%) and breast cancer risk. AR expression in normal breast tissue was not associated with subsequent breast cancer risk (ORT3vsT1 = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.4-1.8, p trend = 0.68). In comparison with low AR/low ER women, ORs of 0.4 (95% CI = 0.1-1.2) for high AR/high ER women, 1.8 (95% CI = 0.4-7.8) for low AR/high ER women, and 0.7 (95% CI = 0.3-1.6) for high AR/low ER women were observed (p interaction = 0.21). Ki67 did not modify the association between AR expression and breast cancer risk (p interaction = 0.75). There was little evidence for an overall association between AR expression in normal breast tissue and breast cancer risk. These findings did not show that the AR association varied by Ki67 expression in normal breast tissue, though there was suggestive heterogeneity by ER expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Kensler
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Francisco Beca
- 3Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035 USA
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- 4Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Yujing J Heng
- 4Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | | | - Stuart J Schnitt
- 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,7Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Aditi Hazra
- 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,8Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,9Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,10Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,9Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,9Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,11Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Myles Brown
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,9Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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28
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Sehl ME, Ganz PA. Potential Mechanisms of Age Acceleration Caused by Estrogen Deprivation: Do Endocrine Therapies Carry the Same Risks? JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018; 2:pky035. [PMID: 31360862 PMCID: PMC6649786 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Longer duration of endocrine therapy decreases breast cancer recurrence and mortality, but these benefits need to be weighed against potential risks to overall health. Notable side effects of endocrine therapy include cataracts, uterine cancer, thromboembolic events, osteoporosis and fracture risk, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, as well as vaginal dryness and discharge, and vasomotor symptoms. Estrogen deprivation in healthy women younger than 50 years undergoing bilateral oophorectomy has been shown to accelerate the development of diseases related to aging, including coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, dementia, and osteoporosis, raising concern that even less dramatic modulation of estrogen homeostasis may adversely affect health outcomes. Diminished available estrogen at the cellular and molecular level may facilitate mechanisms that underlie the aging process, often termed the hallmarks of aging. In this review, we describe estrogen's role in normal physiology across tissues, review the effects of estrogen deprivation on health outcomes in the setting of both surgical and natural menopause, and examine the hallmarks of aging with attention to the effects of estrogen and estrogen blockade on each molecular mechanism underlying the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Sehl
- Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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29
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Hüser S, Guth S, Joost HG, Soukup ST, Köhrle J, Kreienbrock L, Diel P, Lachenmeier DW, Eisenbrand G, Vollmer G, Nöthlings U, Marko D, Mally A, Grune T, Lehmann L, Steinberg P, Kulling SE. Effects of isoflavones on breast tissue and the thyroid hormone system in humans: a comprehensive safety evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2703-2748. [PMID: 30132047 PMCID: PMC6132702 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are secondary plant constituents of certain foods and feeds such as soy, linseeds, and red clover. Furthermore, isoflavone-containing preparations are marketed as food supplements and so-called dietary food for special medical purposes to alleviate health complaints of peri- and postmenopausal women. Based on the bioactivity of isoflavones, especially their hormonal properties, there is an ongoing discussion regarding their potential adverse effects on human health. This review evaluates and summarises the evidence from interventional and observational studies addressing potential unintended effects of isoflavones on the female breast in healthy women as well as in breast cancer patients and on the thyroid hormone system. In addition, evidence from animal and in vitro studies considered relevant in this context was taken into account along with their strengths and limitations. Key factors influencing the biological effects of isoflavones, e.g., bioavailability, plasma and tissue concentrations, metabolism, temporality (pre- vs. postmenopausal women), and duration of isoflavone exposure, were also addressed. Final conclusions on the safety of isoflavones are guided by the aim of precautionary consumer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hüser
- Institute for Food Toxicology, Senate Commission on Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Guth
- Institute for Food Toxicology, Senate Commission on Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - H G Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - S T Soukup
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Eisenbrand
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Molecular Nutrition, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - G Vollmer
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - L Lehmann
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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30
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Spatially correlated phenotyping reveals K5-positive luminal progenitor cells and p63-K5/14-positive stem cell-like cells in human breast epithelium. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1065-1075. [PMID: 29743728 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms regulating human mammary epithelium requires knowledge of the cellular constituents of this tissue. Different and partially contradictory definitions and concepts describing the cellular hierarchy of mammary epithelium have been proposed, including our studies of keratins K5 and/or K14 as markers of progenitor cells. Furthermore, we and others have suggested that the p53 homolog p63 is a marker of human breast epithelial stem cells. In this investigation, we expand our previous studies by testing whether immunohistochemical staining with monospecific anti-keratin antibodies in combination with an antibody against the stem cell marker p63 might help refine the different morphologic phenotypes in normal breast epithelium. We used in situ multilabel staining for p63, different keratins, the myoepithelial marker smooth muscle actin (SMA), the estrogen receptor (ER), and Ki67 to dissect and quantify the cellular components of 16 normal pre- and postmenopausal human breast epithelial tissue samples at the single-cell level. Importantly, we confirm the existence of K5+ only cells and suggest that they, in contrast to the current view, are key luminal precursor cells from which K8/18+ progeny cells evolve. These cells are further modified by the expression of ER and Ki67. We have also identified a population of p63+K5+ cells that are only found in nipple ducts. Based on our findings, we propose a new concept of the cellular hierarchy of human breast epithelium, including K5 luminal lineage progenitors throughout the ductal-lobular axis and p63+K5+ progenitors confined to the nipple ducts.
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31
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Gompel A, Plu-Bureau G. Progesterone, progestins and the breast in menopause treatment. Climacteric 2018; 21:326-332. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1476483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gompel
- Unité de Gynécologie Endocrinienne, Université Paris Descartes Hôpitaux, Universitaires Port Royal-Cochin, Paris, France
| | - G. Plu-Bureau
- Unité de Gynécologie Endocrinienne, Université Paris Descartes Hôpitaux, Universitaires Port Royal-Cochin, Paris, France
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32
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Montes-Grajales D, Martínez-Romero E, Olivero-Verbel J. Phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens interacting with breast cancer proteins. Steroids 2018; 134:9-15. [PMID: 29608946 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease influenced by the hormonal microenvironment and the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Some phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens have been epidemiologically linked as risk factors or protectors, however their mechanisms of action are complex and not fully understood. The aim of this study was to predict the potential of 36 natural xenoestrogens to interact with 189 breast cancer proteins using AutoDock Vina. In order to validate our protocol, an in silico docking pose and binding site determination was compared with the crystallographic structure and the power of prediction to distinguish between ligand and decoys was evaluated through a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the resultant docking affinities and in vitro data. The best affinity score was obtained for glyceollin III interacting with the sex hormone binding globulin (-11.9 Kcal/mol), a plasma steroid transport protein that regulates sex steroids bioavailability. Other natural xenoestrogens such as beta-carotene, chrysophanol 8-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and glyceollin I, also presented good affinity for proteins related to this disease and the validation was successful. This study may help to prioritize compounds for toxicity tests or drug development from natural scaffolds, and to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Montes-Grajales
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia; Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Cuernavaca-Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Cuernavaca-Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia.
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33
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Dall GV, Hawthorne S, Seyed-Razavi Y, Vieusseux J, Wu W, Gustafsson JA, Byrne D, Murphy L, Risbridger GP, Britt KL. Estrogen receptor subtypes dictate the proliferative nature of the mammary gland. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:323-336. [PMID: 29636363 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen induces proliferation of breast epithelial cells and is responsible for breast development at puberty. This tightly regulated control is lost in estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers, which comprise over 70% of all breast cancers. Currently, breast cancer diagnosis and treatment considers only the α isoform of ER; however, there is a second ER, ERβ. Whilst ERα mediates estrogen-driven proliferation of the normal breast in puberty and breast cancers, ERβ has been shown to exert an anti-proliferative effect on the normal breast. It is not known how the expression of each ER (alone or in combination) correlates with the ability of estrogen to induce proliferation in the breast. We assessed the levels of each ER in normal mouse mammary glands subdivided into proliferative and non-proliferative regions. ERα was most abundant in the proliferative regions of younger mice, with ERβ expressed most abundantly in old mice. We correlated this expression profile with function by showing that the ability of estrogen to induce proliferation was reduced in older mice. To show that the ER profile associated with breast cancer risk, we assessed ER expression in parous mice which are known to have a reduced risk of developing ERα breast cancer. ERα expression was significantly decreased yet co-localization analysis revealed ERβ expression increased with parity. Parous mice had less unopposed nuclear ERα expression and increased levels of ERβ. These changes suggest that the nuclear expression of ERs dictates the proliferative nature of the breast and may explain the decreased breast cancer risk with parity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Hawthorne
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yashar Seyed-Razavi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Wanfu Wu
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan-Ake Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Byrne
- Department of PathologyPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Gail P Risbridger
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallumDepartment of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Van Keymeulen A, Fioramonti M, Centonze A, Bouvencourt G, Achouri Y, Blanpain C. Lineage-Restricted Mammary Stem Cells Sustain the Development, Homeostasis, and Regeneration of the Estrogen Receptor Positive Lineage. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1525-1532. [PMID: 28813665 PMCID: PMC5575359 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) is composed of different cell lineages, including the basal and the luminal cells (LCs) that are maintained by distinct stem cell (SC) populations. LCs can be subdivided into estrogen receptor (ER)+ and ER− cells. LCs act as the cancer cell of origin in different types of mammary tumors. It remains unclear whether the heterogeneity found in luminal-derived mammary tumors arises from a pre-existing heterogeneity within LCs. To investigate LC heterogeneity, we used lineage tracing to assess whether the ER+ lineage is maintained by multipotent SCs or by lineage-restricted SCs. To this end, we generated doxycycline-inducible ER-rtTA mice that allowed us to perform genetic lineage tracing of ER+ LCs and study their fate and long-term maintenance. Our results show that ER+ cells are maintained by lineage-restricted SCs that exclusively contribute to the expansion of the ER+ lineage during puberty and their maintenance during adult life. ER+ stem cells mediate expansion and maintenance of the ER+ lineage ER+ stem cells expand and differentiate into ER+ cells following transplantation ER+ stem cells survive involution and repopulate the ER+ lineage
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Van Keymeulen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.
| | - Marco Fioramonti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Alessia Centonze
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Bouvencourt
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
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Ghali RM, Al-Mutawa MA, Al-Ansari AK, Zaied S, Bhiri H, Mahjoub T, Almawi WY. Differential association of ESR1 and ESR2 gene variants with the risk of breast cancer and associated features: A case-control study. Gene 2018; 651:194-199. [PMID: 29414691 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen is key to breast cancer pathogenesis, and acts by binding its receptor (ER), which exists as ERα and ERβ, encoded by ESR1 and ESR2 genes, respectively. Studies that investigated the association of ESR1 and ESR2 variants with breast cancer yielded mixed outcome, and ethnic contribution was proposed. We evaluated the association between ESR1 and ESR2 variants and breast cancer and associated features in Tunisian women. METHODS Retrospective case-control study involving 207 female breast cancer patients, and 284 control women. Genotyping was done by real-time PCR. RESULTS Minor allele frequencies (MAF) of tagging SNPs rs2234693 and rs3798577 (ESR1) were significantly higher, while MAF of rs1256049 (ESR2) was significantly lower in breast cancer patients vs. CONTROLS Patients carrying rs3798577 genotypes had higher risk, while rs1256049 genotype carriers had reduced risk of breast cancer. The association of ESR1 and ESR2 gene variants with breast cancer depended on ER and Her-2 status. ESR1 rs3798577 and ESR2 rs1256049 were associated with breast cancer in ER-positive cases, and ESR1 rs2234693, and rs3798577 were associated with breast cancer in Her-2-negative cases, while the association of ESR2 rs1256049 with breast cancer was seen in Her-2 positive cases. Haploview analysis identified 4-locus ESR1 haplotypes that were positively (CGTT, TACC, and TACT), and negatively (CGTC) associated with breast cancer. No ESR2 haplotypes associated with breast cancer were identified. CONCLUSION ESR1 alleles and genotypes, and specific 3-locus ESR1 haplotypes are related with increased breast cancer susceptibility in Tunisian women. However, ESR2 variant and specific 1-locus ESR1 haplotype have a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeb M Ghali
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Sonia Zaied
- Department of Clinical Oncology, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Bhiri
- Department of Clinical Oncology, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Faculty of Sciences, Universite' de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Leehy KA, Truong TH, Mauro LJ, Lange CA. Progesterone receptors (PR) mediate STAT actions: PR and prolactin receptor signaling crosstalk in breast cancer models. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:88-93. [PMID: 28442393 PMCID: PMC5653461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is the major mitogenic stimulus of mammary gland development during puberty wherein ER signaling acts to induce abundant PR expression. PR signaling, in contrast, is the primary driver of mammary epithelial cell proliferation in adulthood. The high circulating levels of progesterone during pregnancy signal through PR, inducing expression of the prolactin receptor (PRLR). Cooperation between PR and prolactin (PRL) signaling, via regulation of downstream components in the PRL signaling pathway including JAKs and STATs, facilitates the alveolar morphogenesis observed during pregnancy. Indeed, these pathways are fully integrated via activation of shared signaling pathways (i.e. JAKs, MAPKs) as well as by the convergence of PRs and STATs at target genes relevant to both mammary gland biology and breast cancer progression (i.e. proliferation, stem cell outgrowth, tissue cell type heterogeneity). Thus, rather than a single mediator such as ER, transcription factor cascades (ER>PR>STATs) are responsible for rapid proliferative and developmental programming in the normal mammary gland. It is not surprising that these same mediators typify uncontrolled proliferation in a majority of breast cancers, where ER and PR are most often co-expressed and may cooperate to drive malignant tumor progression. This review will primarily focus on the integration of PR and PRL signaling in breast cancer models and the importance of this cross-talk in cancer progression in the context of mammographic density. Components of these PR/PRL signaling pathways could offer alternative drug targets and logical complements to anti-ER or anti-estrogen-based endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Leehy
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Thu H Truong
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Laura J Mauro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Carol A Lange
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.
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Obesity reversibly depletes the basal cell population and enhances mammary epithelial cell estrogen receptor alpha expression and progenitor activity. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:128. [PMID: 29187227 PMCID: PMC5707907 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is correlated with an increased risk for developing postmenopausal breast cancer. Since obesity rates continue to rise worldwide, it is important to understand how the obese microenvironment influences normal mammary tissue to increase breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that obesity increases the proportion of luminal progenitor cells, which are thought to be the cells of origin for the most common types of breast cancer, potentially leading to an increased risk for breast cancer. Methods To study the obese microenvironment within the mammary gland, we used a high-fat diet mouse model of obesity and human breast tissue from reduction mammoplasty surgery. We identified changes in breast epithelial cell populations using flow cytometry for cell surface markers, in vitro functional assays and expression of markers on breast tissue sections. Results In both obese female mice and women, mammary epithelial cell populations demonstrated significant decreases in basal/myoepithelial cells, using either flow cytometry or cell-type-specific markers (SMA and p63). Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression was significantly increased in luminal cells in obese mammary tissue, compared with control mice or breast tissue from lean women. Functional assays demonstrated significantly enhanced mammary epithelial progenitor activity in obese mammary epithelial cells and elevated numbers of ERα-positive epithelial cells that were co-labeled with markers of proliferation. Weight loss in a group of obese mice reversed increases in progenitor activity and ERα expression observed in obese mammary tissue. Conclusions Obesity enhances ERα-positive epithelial cells, reduces the number of basal/myoepithelial cells, and increases stem/progenitor activity within normal mammary tissue in both women and female mice. These changes in epithelial cell populations induced by obesity are reversible with weight loss. Our findings support further studies to examine how obesity-induced changes in stem/progenitor cells impact breast tumor incidence and histologic tumor types. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0921-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Long-lived unipotent Blimp1-positive luminal stem cells drive mammary gland organogenesis throughout adult life. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1714. [PMID: 29158490 PMCID: PMC5696348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical relationships between various stem and progenitor cell subpopulations driving mammary gland morphogenesis and homoeostasis are poorly understood. Conditional inactivation experiments previously demonstrated that expression of the zinc finger transcriptional repressor Blimp1/PRDM1 is essential for the establishment of epithelial cell polarity and functional maturation of alveolar cells. Here we exploit a Prdm1.CreERT2-LacZ reporter allele for lineage tracing experiments. Blimp1 expression marks a rare subpopulation of unipotent luminal stem cells that initially appear in the embryonic mammary gland at around E17.5 coincident with the segregation of the luminal and basal compartments. Fate mapping at multiple time points in combination with whole-mount confocal imaging revealed these long-lived unipotent luminal stem cells survive consecutive involutions and retain their identity throughout adult life. Blimp1+ luminal stem cells give rise to Blimp1− progeny that are invariably Elf5+ERα−PR−. Thus, Blimp1 expression defines a mammary stem cell subpopulation with unique functional characteristics. The role of stem/progenitor cell populations in mammary gland morphogenesis is not well understood. Here, the authors show that a transcriptional repressor, Blimp1, is expressed in a rare luminal stem cell population, which contribute to duct formation, and survive multiple rounds of pregnancy and involution.
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Velloso FJ, Bianco AFR, Farias JO, Torres NEC, Ferruzo PYM, Anschau V, Jesus-Ferreira HC, Chang THT, Sogayar MC, Zerbini LF, Correa RG. The crossroads of breast cancer progression: insights into the modulation of major signaling pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5491-5524. [PMID: 29200866 PMCID: PMC5701508 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s142154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the disease with highest public health impact in developed countries. Particularly, breast cancer has the highest incidence in women worldwide and the fifth highest mortality in the globe, imposing a significant social and economic burden to society. The disease has a complex heterogeneous etiology, being associated with several risk factors that range from lifestyle to age and family history. Breast cancer is usually classified according to the site of tumor occurrence and gene expression profiling. Although mutations in a few key genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with high breast cancer risk, the large majority of breast cancer cases are related to mutated genes of low penetrance, which are frequently altered in the whole population. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of breast cancer, including the several deregulated genes and related pathways linked to this pathology, is essential to ensure advances in early tumor detection and prevention. In this review, we outline key cellular pathways whose deregulation has been associated with breast cancer, leading to alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the delicate hormonal balance of breast tissue cells. Therefore, here we describe some potential breast cancer-related nodes and signaling concepts linked to the disease, which can be positively translated into novel therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Valesca Anschau
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ted Hung-Tse Chang
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Luiz F Zerbini
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Geiger A, Parsons C, Akers R. Feeding an enhanced diet to Holstein heifers during the preweaning period alters steroid receptor expression and increases cellular proliferation. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8534-8543. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Subramani R, Lakshmanaswamy R. Pregnancy and Breast Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:81-111. [PMID: 29096898 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer among women worldwide. The majority of breast cancers are sporadic and the etiology is not well understood. Several factors have been attributed to altering the risk of breast cancer. A full-term pregnancy is a crucial factor in altering the risk. Early full-term pregnancy has been shown to reduce the lifetime risk of breast cancer, while a later first full-term pregnancy increases breast cancer risk. Epidemiological and experimental data demonstrate that spontaneous or induced abortions do not significantly alter the risk of breast cancer. In this study, we briefly discuss the different types and stages of breast cancer, various risk factors, and potential mechanisms involved in early full-term pregnancy-induced protection against breast cancer. Understanding how early full-term pregnancy induces protection against breast cancer will help design innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies. This understanding can also help in the development of molecular biomarkers that can be of tremendous help in predicting the risk of breast cancer in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
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Parodi DA, Greenfield M, Evans C, Chichura A, Alpaugh A, Williams J, Cyrus KC, Martin MB. Alteration of Mammary Gland Development and Gene Expression by In Utero Exposure to Cadmium. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1939. [PMID: 28891935 PMCID: PMC5618588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure to estrogens and estrogen like contaminants during early development is thought to contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer primarily due to an early onset of puberty; however, exposure during key developing windows may also influence the risk of developing the disease. The goal of this study was to ask whether in utero exposure to the metalloestrogen cadmium alters mammary gland development due to acceleration of puberty onset or to an effect on early development of the mammary gland. The results show that, in addition to advancing the onset of puberty, in utero exposure to the metalloestrogen cadmium altered mammary gland development prior to its effect on puberty onset. In utero exposure resulted in an expansion of the number of mammosphere-forming cells in the neonatal mammary gland and an increase in branching, epithelial cells, and density in the prepubertal mammary gland. In the postpubertal mammary gland, there was a further expansion of the mammary stem/progenitor cell population and overexpression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) that was due to the overexpression and altered regulation of the ERα transcripts derived from exons O and OT in response to estradiol. These results suggest that in utero exposure to cadmium increases stem/progenitor cells, cell density, and expression of estrogen receptor-alpha that may contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Parodi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Morgan Greenfield
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Claire Evans
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Anna Chichura
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Alexandra Alpaugh
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - James Williams
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Kedra C Cyrus
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Mary Beth Martin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Ahmed MI, Elias S, Mould AW, Bikoff EK, Robertson EJ. The transcriptional repressor Blimp1 is expressed in rare luminal progenitors and is essential for mammary gland development. Development 2017; 143:1663-73. [PMID: 27190036 PMCID: PMC4874485 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland morphogenesis depends on a tight balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, to create a defined functional hierarchy within the epithelia. The limited availability of stem cell/progenitor markers has made it challenging to decipher lineage relationships. Here, we identify a rare subset of luminal progenitors that express the zinc finger transcriptional repressor Blimp1, and demonstrate that this subset of highly clonogenic luminal progenitors is required for mammary gland development. Conditional inactivation experiments using K14-Cre and WAPi-Cre deleter strains revealed essential functions at multiple developmental stages. Thus, Blimp1 regulates proliferation, apoptosis and alveolar cell maturation during puberty and pregnancy. Loss of Blimp1 disrupts epithelial architecture and lumen formation both in vivo and in three-dimensional (3D) primary cell cultures. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Blimp1 is required to maintain a highly proliferative luminal subset necessary for mammary gland development and homeostasis. Highlighted article: In the mouse mammary gland, Blimp1 marks a rare progenitor population, and is required for cell proliferation and polarity as well as efficient milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Ahmed
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Salah Elias
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Arne W Mould
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Bikoff
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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Chaudhary S, Krishna BM, Mishra SK. A novel FOXA1/ ESR1 interacting pathway: A study of Oncomine™ breast cancer microarrays. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1247-1264. [PMID: 28789340 PMCID: PMC5529806 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) is essential for the growth and differentiation of breast epithelium, and has a favorable outcome in breast cancer (BC). Elevated FOXA1 expression in BC also facilitates hormone responsiveness in estrogen receptor (ESR)-positive BC. However, the interaction between these two pathways is not fully understood. FOXA1 and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) along with ESR1 expression are responsible for maintaining a luminal phenotype, thus suggesting the existence of a strong association between them. The present study utilized the Oncomine™ microarray database to identify FOXA1:ESR1 and FOXA1:ESR1:GATA3 co-expression co-regulated genes. Oncomine™ analysis revealed 115 and 79 overlapping genes clusters in FOXA1:ESR1 and FOXA1:ESR1:GATA3 microarrays, respectively. Five ESR1 direct target genes [trefoil factor 1 (TFF1/PS2), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), seven in absentia homolog 2 (SIAH2), cellular myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (CMYB) and progesterone receptor (PGR)] were detected in the co-expression clusters. To further investigate the role of FOXA1 in ESR1-positive cells, MCF7 cells were transfected with a FOXA1 expression plasmid, and it was observed that the direct target genes of ESR1 (PS2, BCL2, SIAH2 and PGR) were significantly regulated upon transfection. Analysis of one of these target genes, PS2, revealed the presence of two FOXA1 binding sites in the vicinity of the estrogen response element (ERE), which was confirmed by binding assays. Under estrogen stimulation, FOXA1 protein was recruited to the FOXA1 site and could also bind to the ERE site (although in minimal amounts) in the PS2 promoter. Co-transfection of FOXA1/ESR1 expression plasmids demonstrated a significantly regulation of the target genes identified in the FOXA1/ESR1 multi-arrays compared with only FOXA1 transfection, which was suggestive of a synergistic effect of ESR1 and FOXA1 on the target genes. In summary, the present study identified novel FOXA1, ESR1 and GATA3 co-expressed genes that may be involved in breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Chaudhary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - B Madhu Krishna
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Sandip K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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Carroll JS, Hickey TE, Tarulli GA, Williams M, Tilley WD. Deciphering the divergent roles of progestogens in breast cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:54-64. [PMID: 27885264 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most breast cancers are driven by oestrogen receptor-α. Anti-oestrogenic drugs are the standard treatment for these breast cancers; however, treatment resistance is common, necessitating new therapeutic strategies. Recent preclinical and historical clinical studies support the use of progestogens to activate the progesterone receptor (PR) in breast cancers. However, widespread controversy exists regarding the role of progestogens in this disease, hindering the clinical implementation of PR-targeted therapies. Herein, we present and discuss data at the root of this controversy and clarify the confusion and misinterpretations that have consequently arisen. We then present our view on how progestogens may be safely and effectively used in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Williams
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Jardé T, Lloyd-Lewis B, Thomas M, Kendrick H, Melchor L, Bougaret L, Watson PD, Ewan K, Smalley MJ, Dale TC. Wnt and Neuregulin1/ErbB signalling extends 3D culture of hormone responsive mammary organoids. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13207. [PMID: 27782124 PMCID: PMC5095178 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of in vitro culture systems quantitatively and qualitatively recapitulating normal breast biology is key to the understanding of mammary gland biology. Current three-dimensional mammary culture systems have not demonstrated concurrent proliferation and functional differentiation ex vivo in any system for longer than 2 weeks. Here, we identify conditions including Neuregulin1 and R-spondin 1, allowing maintenance and expansion of mammary organoids for 2.5 months in culture. The organoids comprise distinct basal and luminal compartments complete with functional steroid receptors and stem/progenitor cells able to reconstitute a complete mammary gland in vivo. Alternative conditions are also described that promote enrichment of basal cells organized into multiple layers surrounding a keratinous core, reminiscent of structures observed in MMTV-Wnt1 tumours. These conditions comprise a unique tool that should further understanding of normal mammary gland development, the molecular mechanism of hormone action and signalling events whose deregulation leads to breast tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jardé
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Cancer Program, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Mairian Thomas
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Howard Kendrick
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Lorenzo Melchor
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Breast Cancer Now, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Lauriane Bougaret
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Peter D. Watson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kenneth Ewan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Matthew J. Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Trevor C. Dale
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Fjeldheim FN, Frydenberg H, Flote VG, McTiernan A, Furberg AS, Ellison PT, Barrett ES, Wilsgaard T, Jasienska G, Ursin G, Wist EA, Thune I. Polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1), daily cycling estrogen and mammographic density phenotypes. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:776. [PMID: 27717337 PMCID: PMC5055696 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in the estrogen pathway and SNPs in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1 6q25) have been linked to breast cancer development, and mammographic density is an established breast cancer risk factor. Whether there is an association between daily estradiol levels, SNPs in ESR1 and premenopausal mammographic density phenotypes is unknown. Methods We assessed estradiol in daily saliva samples throughout an entire menstrual cycle in 202 healthy premenopausal women in the Norwegian Energy Balance and Breast Cancer Aspects I study. DNA was genotyped using the Illumina Golden Gate platform. Mammograms were taken between days 7 and 12 of the menstrual cycle, and digitized mammographic density was assessed using a computer-assisted method (Madena). Multivariable regression models were used to study the association between SNPs in ESR1, premenopausal mammographic density phenotypes and daily cycling estradiol. Results We observed inverse linear associations between the minor alleles of eight measured SNPs (rs3020364, rs2474148, rs12154178, rs2347867, rs6927072, rs2982712, rs3020407, rs9322335) and percent mammographic density (p-values: 0.002–0.026), these associations were strongest in lean women (BMI, ≤23.6 kg/m2.). The odds of above-median percent mammographic density (>28.5 %) among women with major homozygous genotypes were 3–6 times higher than those of women with minor homozygous genotypes in seven SNPs. Women with rs3020364 major homozygous genotype had an OR of 6.46 for above-median percent mammographic density (OR: 6.46; 95 % Confidence Interval 1.61, 25.94) when compared to women with the minor homozygous genotype. These associations were not observed in relation to absolute mammographic density. No associations between SNPs and daily cycling estradiol were observed. However, we suggest, based on results of borderline significance (p values: 0.025–0.079) that the level of 17β-estradiol for women with the minor genotype for rs3020364, rs24744148 and rs2982712 were lower throughout the cycle in women with low (<28.5 %) percent mammographic density and higher in women with high (>28.5 %) percent mammographic density, when compared to women with the major genotype. Conclusion Our results support an association between eight selected SNPs in the ESR1 gene and percent mammographic density. The results need to be confirmed in larger studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2804-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Fjeldheim
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, N-0424, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, N-0316, Norway.
| | - H Frydenberg
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, N-0424, Norway
| | - V G Flote
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, N-0424, Norway
| | - A McTiernan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A-S Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - P T Ellison
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - E S Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - T Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - G Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 20, Krakow, 31-351, Poland
| | - G Ursin
- Cancer Registry of Norway, PO Box 5313, Majorstuen, Oslo, N-0304, Norway
| | - E A Wist
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, N-0424, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, N-0316, Norway
| | - I Thune
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, N-0424, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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In-silico insights on the prognostic potential of immune cell infiltration patterns in the breast lobular epithelium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33322. [PMID: 27659691 PMCID: PMC5034260 DOI: 10.1038/srep33322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scattered inflammatory cells are commonly observed in mammary gland tissue, most likely in response to normal cell turnover by proliferation and apoptosis, or as part of immunosurveillance. In contrast, lymphocytic lobulitis (LLO) is a recurrent inflammation pattern, characterized by lymphoid cells infiltrating lobular structures, that has been associated with increased familial breast cancer risk and immune responses to clinically manifest cancer. The mechanisms and pathogenic implications related to the inflammatory microenvironment in breast tissue are still poorly understood. Currently, the definition of inflammation is mainly descriptive, not allowing a clear distinction of LLO from physiological immunological responses and its role in oncogenesis remains unclear. To gain insights into the prognostic potential of inflammation, we developed an agent-based model of immune and epithelial cell interactions in breast lobular epithelium. Physiological parameters were calibrated from breast tissue samples of women who underwent reduction mammoplasty due to orthopedic or cosmetic reasons. The model allowed to investigate the impact of menstrual cycle length and hormone status on inflammatory responses to cell turnover in the breast tissue. Our findings suggested that the immunological context, defined by the immune cell density, functional orientation and spatial distribution, contains prognostic information previously not captured by conventional diagnostic approaches.
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Niwa O, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Globus RK, Harrison JD, Hendry JH, Jacob P, Martin MT, Seed TM, Shay JW, Story MD, Suzuki K, Yamashita S. ICRP Publication 131: Stem Cell Biology with Respect to Carcinogenesis Aspects of Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 2016; 44:7-357. [PMID: 26637346 DOI: 10.1177/0146645315595585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells and their responses to ionising radiation in relation to issues relevant to stochastic effects of radiation that form a major part of the International Commission on Radiological Protection's system of radiological protection. Current information on stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in stem cell 'niches', and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is presented in a series of substantial reviews as annexes concerning haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. This foundation of knowledge of stem cells is used in the main text of the report to provide a biological insight into issues such as the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, cancer risk among tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age. Knowledge of the biology and associated radiation biology of stem cells and progenitor cells is more developed in tissues that renew fairly rapidly, such as haematopoietic tissue, intestinal mucosa, and epidermis, although all the tissues considered here possess stem cell populations. Important features of stem cell maintenance, renewal, and response are the microenvironmental signals operating in the niche residence, for which a well-defined spatial location has been identified in some tissues. The identity of the target cell for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive stem cell population that is mostly quiescent, and hence able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy. In addition, there is some potential for daughter progenitor cells to be target cells in particular cases, such as in haematopoietic tissue and in skin. Several biological processes could contribute to protecting stem cells from mutation accumulation: (a) accurate DNA repair; (b) rapidly induced death of injured stem cells; (c) retention of the DNA parental template strand during divisions in some tissue systems, so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells and not retained in the parental cell; and (d) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the niche. DNA repair mainly occurs within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell competition requires weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. The aforementioned processes may contribute to the differences in carcinogenic radiation risk values between tissues, and may help to explain why a rapidly replicating tissue such as small intestine is less prone to such risk. The processes also provide a mechanistic insight relevant to the LNT model, and the relative and absolute risk models. The radiobiological knowledge also provides a scientific insight into discussions of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor currently used in radiological protection guidelines. In addition, the biological information contributes potential reasons for the age-dependent sensitivity to radiation carcinogenesis, including the effects of in-utero exposure.
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Stires H, Saboya M, Globerman SP, Cohick WS. Peroral Estradiol Is Sufficient to Induce Carcinogen-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis in Ovariectomized Rats without Progesterone. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162662. [PMID: 27611094 PMCID: PMC5017759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for estrogens in breast cancer is widely accepted, however, recent evidence highlights that timing and exposure levels are important in determining whether they elicit harmful versus beneficial effects. The rat chemical carcinogen model has been widely used to study the effects of estrogens but conclusions on the levels that lead to tumor development and an absolute requirement for progesterone (P4) are lacking. A newer method of hormone administration mixes hormones with nut butter for peroral consumption allowing for a less stressful method of long-term administration with lower spikes in serum estradiol (E2) levels. The present study was designed to determine if estrogens alone at a physiological dose can drive carcinogen-induced tumors in ovariectomized (OVX) rats or if P4 is also required using this method of hormone administration. Short-term studies were conducted to determine the dose of estrogen (E) that would lead to increased uterine weight following OVX. Subsequently, rats were OVX on postnatal day (PND) 40 then treated daily with E (600 μg/kg/day), P4 (15 mg/kg/day), or the combination. On PND 50, all rats were injected with nitrosomethylurea to induce mammary tumors. Uterine weights, body weights, and serum E2 levels were measured to demonstrate the efficacy of the method for increasing E2 levels during long-term treatment. After 26 weeks, tumor incidence was similar in Sham, E, and E + P4 animals indicating that E was sufficient to induce tumorigenesis when hormone levels were normalized by this method. This study demonstrates peroral administration can be used in long-term studies to elucidate relationships between different types and levels of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Stires
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Mariana Saboya
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Samantha P. Globerman
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Wendie S. Cohick
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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