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Pang QQ, Zang CX, Li T, Zeng XC, Liu LX, Zhang D, Yao XS, Yu Y. Neuroprotective effect of GJ-4 against cognitive impairments in vascular dementia by improving white matter damage. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155877. [PMID: 39032283 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter lesions (WMLs) are increasingly linked to the pathological process of chronic vascular dementia (VaD). An effective crocins fraction extracted from Gardenia Fructus, GJ-4, has been shown to improve cognitive function in several Alzheimer's disease models and VaD models. OBJECTIVES To explore the potential mechanisms of GJ-4 on WMLs in a chronic VaD mouse model. METHODS The chronic VaD mouse model was established, and WMLs were characterized by cerebral blood flow (CBF), behavioral tests, LFB staining, and immunohistochemistry. The anti-oxidative effect of GJ-4 was validated by examining biochemical parameters (SOD, MDA, and GSH) and the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The impact of GJ-4 on lipid metabolism in WM was further investigated through lipidomic analysis. RESULTS GJ-4 significantly attenuated cognitive impairments and improved the CBF of BCAS (bilateral common carotid artery stenosis)-induced mice. Mechanism research showed that GJ-4 could enhance cognition by promoting the repair of WMLs by inhibiting oxidative stress. Furthermore, GJ-4 treatment significantly reduced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced WMLs via improving lipid metabolism disorder in the WM. CONCLUSION This research has provided valuable insights into the significance of WMLs in CCH-induced VaD and underscored the potential of GJ-4 as a therapeutic agent for improving cognitive function by targeting WMLs. These findings suggest that GJ-4 is a promising candidate for the treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, United States
| | - Cai-Xia Zang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
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Chen YP, Wang KX, Cai JQ, Li Y, Yu HL, Wu Q, Meng W, Wang H, Yin CH, Wu J, Huang MB, Li R, Guan DG. Detecting Key Functional Components Group and Speculating the Potential Mechanism of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction in Treating Stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:753425. [PMID: 35646921 PMCID: PMC9136080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.753425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a cerebrovascular event with cerebral blood flow interruption which is caused by occlusion or bursting of cerebral vessels. At present, the main methods in treating stroke are surgical treatment, statins, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Relatively, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has widely been used at clinical level in China and some countries in Asia. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) is a classical and widely used prescription in treating stroke in China. However, the material basis of effect and the action principle of XXMD are still not clear. To solve this issue, we designed a new system pharmacology strategy that combined targets of XXMD and the pathogenetic genes of stroke to construct a functional response space (FRS). The effective proteins from this space were determined by using a novel node importance calculation method, and then the key functional components group (KFCG) that could mediate the effective proteins was selected based on the dynamic programming strategy. The results showed that enriched pathways of effective proteins selected from FRS could cover 99.10% of enriched pathways of reference targets, which were defined by overlapping of component targets and pathogenetic genes. Targets of optimized KFCG with 56 components can be enriched into 166 pathways that covered 80.43% of 138 pathways of 1,012 pathogenetic genes. A component potential effect score (PES) calculation model was constructed to calculate the comprehensive effective score of components in the components-targets-pathways (C-T-P) network of KFCGs, and showed that ferulic acid, zingerone, and vanillic acid had the highest PESs. Prediction and docking simulations show that these components can affect stroke synergistically through genes such as MEK, NFκB, and PI3K in PI3K-Akt, cAMP, and MAPK cascade signals. Finally, ferulic acid, zingerone, and vanillic acid were tested to be protective for PC12 cells and HT22 cells in increasing cell viabilities after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Our proposed strategy could improve the accuracy on decoding KFCGs of XXMD and provide a methodologic reference for the optimization, mechanism analysis, and secondary development of the formula in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-qi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-lang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Handuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-hui Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian-bo Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
| | - Dao-gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
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Wang YH, Yang YL, Cheng X, Zhang J, Li W, Du GH. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract regulates differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:470-479. [PMID: 30539815 PMCID: PMC6334616 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction has been widely used to treat stroke and sequelae of stroke. We have previously shown that the active fractions of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction attenuate cerebral ischemic injury. However, the global protein profile and signaling conduction pathways regulated by Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction are still unclear. This study established a two-vessel occlusion rat model by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Rats were intragastrically administered 50 or 150 mg/kg Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction for 4 consecutive weeks. Learning and memory abilities were measured with Morris water maze. Motor ability was detected with prehensile test. Coordination ability was examined using the inclined screen test. Neuronal plasticity was observed by immunofluorescent staining. Differentially expressed proteins of rat hippocampus were analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics. Real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to identify the changes in proteins. Results showed that Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction dramatically alleviated learning and memory deficits, and motor and coordination dysfunction, and increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract remarkably decreased 13 upregulated proteins and increased 39 downregulated proteins. The regulated proteins were mainly involved in oxidation reduction process, intracellular signaling cascade process, and protein catabolic process. The signaling pathways were mainly involved in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Furthermore, there was an interaction among Rab2a, Ptpn1, Ppm1e, Cdk18, Gorasp2, Eps15, Capza2, Syngap1 and Mt-nd1. Protein analyses confirmed the changes in expression of MT-ND1. The current findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract’s effects on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Lin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Neuroprotective Effects of Nicorandil in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Vascular Dementia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:2717-2728. [PMID: 27622862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-induced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow and vascular dementia (VaD). Brain mitochondrial potassium (adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium [KATP]) channels have a beneficial role in various brain conditions. The utility of KATP channels in CCH-induced VaD is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of nicorandil, a selective KATP channel opener, in CCH-induced VaD. METHODS The method of 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) was used to induce CCH in mice. Cognitive impairment was assessed using Morris water maze. Serum nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate), brain cholinergic dysfunction (acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activity), brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, glutathione [GSH], catalase [CAT], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]), inflammation (myeloperoxidase [MPO]), and infarct size (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining) were assessed. RESULTS 2-vessels-occluded animals have shown significant cognitive impairment, serum nitrosative stress (reduced nitrite/nitrate), cholinergic dysfunction (increased brain AChE activity), and increased brain oxidative stress (reduction in GSH content and SOD and CAT activities with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation), along with a significant increase in MPO activity and infarct size. However, nicorandil treatment has significantly attenuated various CCH-induced behavioral and biochemical impairments. CONCLUSIONS It may be said that 2VO provoked CCH leading to VaD, which was attenuated by the treatment of nicorandil. So, modulation of KATP channels may provide benefits in CCH-induced VaD.
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Marín-Prida J, Pavón-Fuentes N, Llópiz-Arzuaga A, Fernández-Massó JR, Delgado-Roche L, Mendoza-Marí Y, Santana SP, Cruz-Ramírez A, Valenzuela-Silva C, Nazábal-Gálvez M, Cintado-Benítez A, Pardo-Andreu GL, Polentarutti N, Riva F, Pentón-Arias E, Pentón-Rol G. Phycocyanobilin promotes PC12 cell survival and modulates immune and inflammatory genes and oxidative stress markers in acute cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:49-60. [PMID: 23732081 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the inflammatory response and oxidative stress are involved in the stroke cascade, we evaluated here the effects of Phycocyanobilin (PCB, the C-Phycocyanin linked tetrapyrrole) on PC12 cell survival, the gene expression and the oxidative status of hypoperfused rat brain. After the permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAo), the animals were treated with saline or PCB, taking samples 24h post-surgery. Global gene expression was analyzed with GeneChip Rat Gene ST 1.1 from Affymetrix; the expression of particular genes was assessed by the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix and Bioplex methods; and redox markers (MDA, PP, CAT, SOD) were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The PCB treatment prevented the H2O2 and glutamate induced PC12 cell injury assessed by the MTT assay, and modulated 190 genes (93 up- and 97 down-regulated) associated to several immunological and inflammatory processes in BCCAo rats. Furthermore, PCB positively modulated 19 genes mostly related to a detrimental pro-inflammatory environment and counteracted the oxidative imbalance in the treated BCCAo animals. Our results support the view of an effective influence of PCB on major inflammatory mediators in acute cerebral hypoperfusion. These results suggest that PCB has a potential to be a treatment for ischemic stroke for which further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marín-Prida
- Centre for Research and Biological Evaluations (CEIEB), Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Ave. 23 e/ 214 y 222, La Lisa, PO Box: 430, Havana, Cuba
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Quality of life and psychological impact in adult patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease who received no surgical revascularization. J Neurol Sci 2013; 328:32-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bhattacharjee AK, White L, Chang L, Ma K, Harry GJ, Deutsch J, Rapoport SI. Bilateral common carotid artery ligation transiently changes brain lipid metabolism in rats. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1490-8. [PMID: 22422289 PMCID: PMC3478069 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain lipid metabolism was studied in rats following permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCL), a model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Unesterified (free) fatty acids (uFA) and acyl-CoA concentrations were measured 6 h, 24 h, and 7 days after BCCL or sham surgery, in high energy-microwaved brain. In BCCL compared to sham rats, cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) immunoreactivity in piriform cortex, and concentrations of total uFA and arachidonoyl-CoA, an intermediate for arachidonic acid reincorporation into phospholipids, were increased only at 6 h. At 24 h, immunoreactivity for secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)), which may regulate blood flow, was increased near cortical and hippocampal blood vessels. BCCL did not affect levels of brain IB(4)+ microglia, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocytes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunoreactivity at any time, but increased cPLA(2) immunoreactivity in one region at 6 h. Thus, BCCL affected brain lipid metabolism transiently, likely because of compensatory sPLA(2)-mediated vasodilation, without producing evidence of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura White
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Chang
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kaizong Ma
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G. Jean Harry
- Neurotoxicology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Deutsch
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, School of Pharmacy, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Brambilla P, Cerini R, Fabene PF, Andreone N, Rambaldelli G, Farace P, Versace A, Perlini C, Pelizza L, Gasparini A, Gatti R, Bellani M, Dusi N, Barbui C, Nosè M, Tournikioti K, Sbarbati A, Tansella M. Assessment of cerebral blood volume in schizophrenia: A magnetic resonance imaging study. J Psychiatr Res 2007; 41:502-10. [PMID: 16698038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 02/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain atrophy has consistently been observed in schizophrenia, representing a 'gross' evidence of anatomical abnormalities. Reduced cerebral blood volume (CBV) may accompany brain size decrement in schizophrenia, as suggested by prior small SPECT studies. In this study, we non-invasively investigated the hemisphere CBV in a large sample of patients suffering from schizophrenia with perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). PWI images were obtained, following intravenous injection of paramagnetic contrast agent (Gadolinium-DTPA), for 54 DSM-IV patients with schizophrenia (mean age+/-SD=39.19+/-12.20 years; 34 males, 20 females) and 24 normal controls (mean age+/-SD=44.63+/-10.43 years; 9 males, 15 females) with a 1.5T Siemens magnet using an echo-planar sequence (TR=2160 ms, TE=47 ms, slice thickness=5mm). The contrast of enhancement (CE), a semi-quantitative parameter inversely estimating the CBV, were calculated pixel by pixel as the ratio of the maximum signal intensity drop during the passage of contrast agent (Sm) by the baseline pre-bolus signal intensity (So) (CE=Sm/Sox100) for right and left hemisphere on two axial images. Specifically, higher CE values correspond to lower CBV and viceversa Compared to normal controls, patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher bilateral hemisphere CE values (p=0.02) and inverse CE laterality index (p=0.02). This study showed abnormally reduced and inverse hemisphere CBV in a large population of patients with schizophrenia. Hypothetically, chronic low CBV may sustain neural hypoactivation and concomitant increase of free radicals, ultimately resulting in neuronal loss and cognitive impairments. Thus, altered intracranial hemodynamics may accompany brain atrophy and cognitive deficits, being a crucial factor in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathology and Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Ozacmak VH, Sayan H, Cetin A, Akyildiz-Igdem A. AT1 receptor blocker candesartan-induced attenuation of brain injury of rats subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:1314-21. [PMID: 17401654 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of common pathophysiological states associated with central nervous system is chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) that frequently occurs in conditions such as vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Long term blockage of angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor provides protection from ischemia induced injury of brain as well as reduction of cerebrovascular inflammation. Examining effect of the blockage on reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), and lipid peroxidation were of purpose in the present study. Modeling CH, rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of common carotid arteries bilaterally. AT(1 )receptor antagonist, candesartan, was given daily for 14 days after surgery. CH caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in GSH content of cerebral hippocampal tissue with no change in AA level. Candesartan (0.5 mg/kg, oral) not only reduced lipid peroxidation but also restored GSH significantly besides elevating AA and improving histopathological alterations. In conclusion, long term AT(1 )receptor blockage may be considered as novel therapeutic approach for protection from damage associated with CH. Underlying mechanism(s) may in part be related to suppressing oxidative stress and preserving brain antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Haktan Ozacmak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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Chroni E, Patsoukis N, Karageorgos N, Konstantinou D, Georgiou C. Brain Oxidative Stress Induced by Obstructive Jaundice in Rats. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2006; 65:193-8. [PMID: 16462210 DOI: 10.1097/01.jnen.0000200152.98259.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of experimental obstructive jaundice on the oxidative status of brain tissues in rats was examined. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Group I was the control, group II was the sham operated, and groups III and IV were bile duct ligated and killed on the 5th and the 10th day, respectively. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the thiol redox state (protein and nonprotein components) and lipid peroxidation level variations in samples from the cerebral cortex, midbrain, and cerebellar tissue in all animals. Results indicated the presence of oxidative stress in the jaundiced animals that was more pronounced on the 10th day as indicated by a decrease in reduced glutathione and protein thiol and an increase in protein disulphide and lipid peroxidation. A dramatic elevation of the level of total nonprotein mixed disulphide level was found specifically in the midbrain in the 10th day group. This suggests an accumulation of nonprotein disulfides other than oxidized glutathione, which remained unchanged, in this particular brain area. This study showed a correlation between experimental obstructive jaundice and the oxidative stress in the rats' brain, implying that a similar pathogenetic mechanism may play a key role in cholestatic liver disease, resulting in hepatic encephalopathy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Chroni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, PO Box 1045, 26504 Rion-Patras, Greece.
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Stepan H, Heihoff-Klose A, Faber R. Reduced antioxidant capacity in second-trimester pregnancies with pathological uterine perfusion. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2004; 23:579-583. [PMID: 15170799 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether pathological perfusion in the second trimester is characterized by an altered plasma antioxidant capacity and to investigate whether the total antioxidant capacity in maternal plasma is related to the clinical outcome of these high-risk pregnancies. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study that included 25 pregnancies with normal and 25 pregnancies with pathological uterine perfusion. Doppler ultrasound measurement of uterine perfusion was performed between 18 and 23 weeks of gestation. Total antioxidant capacity in maternal plasma was measured using a specific photometric assay. RESULTS Plasma antioxidant capacity of pregnant women with pathological uterine perfusion (227.3 +/- 4.0 micro mol/L) was significantly lower compared with the group with normal uterine perfusion (275.2 +/- 10.5 micro mol/L; P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between antioxidant capacity and mean pulsatility index of the uterine arteries (r = -0.363; P < 0.05). Patients with pathological perfusion and a normal course of pregnancy did not show significantly changed values compared with those patients with later pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction (235.0 +/- 4.9 micro mol/L vs. 218.6 +/- 6.7 micro mol/L). CONCLUSIONS Second-trimester pregnancies with pathological uterine perfusion are characterized by a decreased antioxidant capacity in maternal plasma. This reduction is related to the impaired uteroplacental blood flow, but does not reflect the changes characteristic of the oxidative status for diseases like pre-eclampsia since the reduction of the plasma antioxidant capacity is not related to the clinical outcome of these high-risk pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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