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Francis RO, D’Alessandro A, Eisenberger A, Soffing M, Yeh R, Coronel E, Sheikh A, Rapido F, La Carpia F, Reisz JA, Gehrke S, Nemkov T, Thomas T, Schwartz J, Divgi C, Kessler D, Shaz BH, Ginzburg Y, Zimring JC, Spitalnik SL, Hod EA. Donor glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency decreases blood quality for transfusion. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2270-2285. [PMID: 31961822 PMCID: PMC7191001 DOI: 10.1172/jci133530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency decreases the ability of red blood cells (RBCs) to withstand oxidative stress. Refrigerated storage of RBCs induces oxidative stress. We hypothesized that G6PD-deficient donor RBCs would have inferior storage quality for transfusion as compared with G6PD-normal RBCs.METHODSMale volunteers were screened for G6PD deficiency; 27 control and 10 G6PD-deficient volunteers each donated 1 RBC unit. After 42 days of refrigerated storage, autologous 51-chromium 24-hour posttransfusion RBC recovery (PTR) studies were performed. Metabolomics analyses of these RBC units were also performed.RESULTSThe mean 24-hour PTR for G6PD-deficient subjects was 78.5% ± 8.4% (mean ± SD), which was significantly lower than that for G6PD-normal RBCs (85.3% ± 3.2%; P = 0.0009). None of the G6PD-normal volunteers (0/27) and 3 G6PD-deficient volunteers (3/10) had PTR results below 75%, a key FDA acceptability criterion for stored donor RBCs. As expected, fresh G6PD-deficient RBCs demonstrated defects in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. During refrigerated storage, G6PD-deficient RBCs demonstrated increased glycolysis, impaired glutathione homeostasis, and increased purine oxidation, as compared with G6PD-normal RBCs. In addition, there were significant correlations between PTR and specific metabolites in these pathways.CONCLUSIONBased on current FDA criteria, RBCs from G6PD-deficient donors would not meet the requirements for storage quality. Metabolomics assessment identified markers of PTR and G6PD deficiency (e.g., pyruvate/lactate ratios), along with potential compensatory pathways that could be leveraged to ameliorate the metabolic needs of G6PD-deficient RBCs.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT04081272.FUNDINGThe Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation grant 71590, the National Blood Foundation, NIH grant UL1 TR000040, the Webb-Waring Early Career Award 2017 by the Boettcher Foundation, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants R01HL14644 and R01HL148151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O. Francis
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Mark Soffing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy Yeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Esther Coronel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arif Sheikh
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Rapido
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesca La Carpia
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Gehrke
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chaitanya Divgi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - James C. Zimring
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven L. Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eldad A. Hod
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC, Silliman CC, Moore EE, Kelher M, Banerjee A. Metabolomics of AS-5 RBC supernatants following routine storage. Vox Sang 2014; 108:131-40. [PMID: 25200932 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The safety and efficacy of stored red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion has been long debated due to retrospective clinical evidence and laboratory results, indicating a potential correlation between increased morbidity and mortality following transfusion of RBC units stored longer than 14 days. We hypothesize that storage in Optisol additive solution-5 leads to a unique metabolomics profile in the supernatant of stored RBCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole blood was drawn from five healthy donors, RBC units were manufactured, and prestorage leucoreduced by filtration. Samples were taken on days 1 and 42, the cells removed, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was performed. RESULTS The results confirmed the progressive impairment of RBC energy metabolism by day 42 with indirect markers of a parallel alteration of glutathione and NADPH homeostasis. Moreover, oxidized pro-inflammatory lipids accumulated by the end of storage. CONCLUSION The supernatants from stored RBCs may represent a burden to the transfused recipients from a metabolomics standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Li G, Lee P, Mori N, Yamamoto I, Arai T. Long term intensive exercise training leads to a higher plasma malate/lactate dehydrogenase (M/L) ratio and increased level of lipid mobilization in horses. Vet Res Commun 2012; 36:149-55. [PMID: 22297553 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-012-9515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Continuous high intensity training may induce alterations to enzyme activities related to glucose and lipid metabolism in horses. In our study, five Thoroughbred race horses (3 male and 2 female, avg age=5 yrs old) were compared against five riding horses (1 male, 1 female, 3 gelding, avg age=13 yrs old) in terms of energy metabolism, by examining plasma malate (MDH) and lactate (LDH) dehydrogenase activities and M/L ratio. MDH is involved in NADH and ATP generation, whereas LDH can convert NADH back into NAD(+) for ATP generation. An increase in plasma M/L ratio can reflect heightened energy metabolism in the liver and skeletal muscle of horses adapted to continuous intensive exercise. Moreover, plasma lipid metabolism analytes (adiponectin, NEFA, total cholesterol (T-Cho), and triglycerides (TG)) can reflect changes to lipolysis rate, which can also indicate a change in energy metabolism. Overall, race horses demonstrated increased MDH and LDH activity in plasma (4x and 2x greater, respectively), in addition to a plasma M/L ratio twice as high as that of riding horses (2.0 vs 1.0). In addition, race horses also demonstrated significantly higher levels of plasma NEFA (50% greater), TG (2x greater), and T-Cho (20% greater) as compared to riding horses. Therefore, race horse muscles may have adapted to prolonged high intensity endurance exercise by gaining a higher oxidative capacity and an increased capacity for fat utilization as an energy source, resulting in heightened energy metabolism and increased rate of lipid mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebin Li
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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4
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Tanaka Y, Mori A, Tazaki H, Imai S, Shiina J, Kusaba A, Ozawa T, Yoshida T, Kimura N, Hayashi T, Kenyon PR, Blair H, Arai T. Plasma metabolite concentrations and hepatic enzyme activities in pregnant Romney ewes with restricted feeding. Res Vet Sci 2007; 85:17-21. [PMID: 17920647 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma metabolite concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in plasma, peripheral leukocytes and liver of pregnant Romney ewes with restricted feeding were measured to assess those metabolites and enzymes as indicators for evaluating metabolic conditions in the ewes. The body weights and plasma lactate concentrations of the low-feeding ewes (about 1.0 times maintenance) were significantly lower than those of the high-feeding ewes (about 1.5 times maintenance). There were no significant differences in plasma protein, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, pyruvate and immunoreactive insulin concentrations and plasma and leukocyte enzyme activities between both groups. Hepatic malate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher and hexokinase activities were significantly lower in the low-feeding ewes than in the high-feeding ewes. Restricted feeding could maintain pregnancy and some plasma metabolites and peripheral leukocyte enzymes may be useful indicators for evaluating metabolic changes in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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5
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Kimura N, Fujino E, Urabe S, Mizutani H, Sako T, Imai S, Toyoda Y, Arai T. Effect of supplementation of Agaricus mushroom meal extracts on enzyme activities in peripheral leukocytes of calves. Res Vet Sci 2007; 82:7-10. [PMID: 16624357 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Agaricus mushroom meal on the energy metabolism in animal tissues; plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in plasma and peripheral leukocytes were measured in Japanese Black WagyuxHolstein F1 calves supplemented with Agaricus blazei Murill (A. blazei) extract in milk-replacer at the dose of 60g/head/day for 4 weeks. Activities of malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in cytosol and glutamate dehydrogenase in mitochondria, and the malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase ratio in cytosol in peripheral leukocytes of calves with A. blazei were significantly higher than those in control calves without A. blazei. It was concluded that supplementation of Agaricus mushroom meal extract was effective in activation of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kimura
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animals Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Tanaka A, Urabe S, Takeguchi A, Mizutani H, Sako T, Imai S, Yoshimura I, Kimura N, Arai T. Comparison of Activities of Enzymes Related to Energy Metabolism in Peripheral Leukocytes and Livers between Holstein Dairy Cows and ICR Mice. Vet Res Commun 2006; 30:29-38. [PMID: 16362608 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-3223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism and isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in peripheral leukocytes and livers of Holstein dairy cows and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. In dairy cow liver, activities of enzymes in glycolysis, malate-aspartate shuttle and lipogenesis were lower, but activities of glucose-6-phosphatase in gluconeogenesis were higher than those in mouse liver. Glucokinase activities were below detection limit in leukocytes and liver of the cows. Dairy cow leukocytes and liver showed the isoenzyme patterns with dominance of LDH-1, -2 and-3, whereas mouse leukocytes and liver showed that LDH-5 was dominant. The LDH isoenzyme patterns were very similar between leukocytes and liver in each animal species. Some enzymes in leukocytes may reflect those enzymes activities in liver and be a useful indicator for energy metabolism in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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7
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Washizu T, Azakami D, Bonkobara M, Washizu M, Arai T. Changes in activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in canine lymphoma cells. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:615-6. [PMID: 15997191 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in canine lymphoma cells were investigated. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase (PK) and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in lymphoma cells were significantly higher than those in lymphocytes obtained from lymph nodes of healthy dogs, whereas cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly lower in lymphoma cells. The cytosolic M/L ratio (MDH activity/LDH activity), which is considered to be a good indicator of energy metabolism related to glucose utilization in animal tissues, was significantly higher in lymphoma cells than in the normal lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukimi Washizu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Hosoya M, Inoue A, Kimura N, Arai T. Enzyme activities in some types of peripheral leukocytes of thoroughbred race horses before and after the races. Res Vet Sci 2004; 77:101-4. [PMID: 15196899 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations in plasma and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in some types of peripheral leukocytes were measured in thoroughbred race horses before and after racing. Glucose, FFA, TG and IRI concentrations and enzyme activities did not change significantly in plasma. However, the activities of cytosolic hexokinase, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), mitochondrial MDH and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly in leukocytes of the horses after the races. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/LDH activity (ML ratio) in leukocytes decreased significantly after racing, and the ratio may be a useful indicator to evaluate energy metabolism in race horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hosoya
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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9
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Arai T, Inoue A, Uematsu Y, Sako T, Kimura N. Activities of enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle and the isoenzyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma and peripheral leukocytes of lactating Holstein cows and riding horses. Res Vet Sci 2003; 75:15-9. [PMID: 12801458 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(03)00039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The activities of the enzymes involved in the malate-aspartate shuttle and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the pattern of the isoenzymes of LDH were determined in plasma and peripheral leukocytes of lactating Holstein cows and thoroughbred riding horses as representative herbivorous animals. In the horse plasma, LDH activities were significantly lower and AST activities were significantly higher than those in the cow plasma. The specific activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH), LDH and AST in the horse leukocytes were higher than those in the cows. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/LDH activity (ML ratio) in the horse leukocytes was significantly lower than that in the cow leukocytes owing to significantly higher activities of LDH. The ML ratio was considered to reflect the difference in energy metabolism in leukocytes between cows and horses. The plasma LDH isoenzyme patterns of cow and horse showed the characteristic as herbivorous animals with dominance of LDH-1, -2 and -3. The LDH isoenzyme patterns with dominance of LDH-3 and -4 in the horse leukocytes were remarkably different from those in the cow leukocytes. There were significant differences in activities of malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes, ML ratio and LDH isoenzyme patterns in the cytosolic fractions of leukocytes between the lactating cows and the riding horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arai
- Divisions of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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10
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Arai T, Nakamura M, Magori E, Fukuda H, Sako T. Decrease in malate dehydrogenase activities in peripheral leucocytes of type 1 diabetic dogs. Res Vet Sci 2003; 74:183-5. [PMID: 12589744 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(02)00177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The activities of the enzymes involved in the malate-aspartate shuttle were measured in peripheral leucocytes of dogs with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In the diabetic dogs, fasting plasma glucose concentrations were twofold greater than control levels despite insulin injections and the activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), which plays a crucial role in the malate-aspartate shuttle, were decreased remarkably. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (M/L ratio) in leucocytes of the diabetic dogs was significantly lower than that of normal control dogs. The decrease of the M/L ratio appeared to reflect depression of energy metabolism in leucocytes of the diabetic dogs. The M/L ratio may be a useful parameter to evaluate metabolic conditions in diabetic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arai
- Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Arai T, Inoue A, Takeguchi A, Mizutani H, Shimoo M, Sako T, Yoshimura I, Kimura N. Comparison of Enzyme Activities in Plasma and Leukocytes in Dairy and Beef Cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:1241-3. [PMID: 14665755 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acid (FFA) and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern in plasma and leukocytes were investigated in lactating Holstein cows (dairy cattle) and fattening Japanese Black Wagyu x Holstein steers (beef cattle). IRI concentrations and LDH and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in the plasma of beef cattle were significantly higher than those in dairy cattle. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/LDH activity in the leukocytes of beef cattle was significantly higher than that of dairy cattle. These findings might be associated with the different energy metabolism between dairy and beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Arai
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Masashino, Tokyo, Japan
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Arai T, Ogawa T, Nakamura M, Hosoya M, Ohnishi Y. Changes in hepatic enzyme activities in transgenic mice carrying human prototype c-Ha-ras gene treated with diethylnitrosamine. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:1065-7. [PMID: 12499697 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and aspartate aminotransferase in the malate-aspartate shuttle were significantly increased in the cytosolic fractions of livers with early neoplastic symptoms such as swelling and discoloration in transgenic mice carrying the prototype human c-Ha-ras gene, Tg-rasH2 mice, which were administered with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as a carcinogenic chemical at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Cytosolic MDH/LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) (ML) ratio increased significantly and was considered to be a useful marker to characterize the energy metabolism at early neoplastic stage in livers of the Tg-rasH2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Arai
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
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Arai T, Nakamura M, Magori E, Fukuda H, Mizutani H, Kawakami E, Sako T. Changes in activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of diabetic dogs with glycemic control by intensive insulin treatment. Res Vet Sci 2002; 73:183-6. [PMID: 12204639 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(02)00104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes were measured in type 1 diabetic dogs induced by streptozotocin administration before and after intensive insulin treatments. Before the insulin treatment, the plasma glucose concentrations were over 16.7 mmol/L and the activities of enzymes remarkably decreased in leukocytes of the diabetic dogs. In particular, malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities decreased significantly. After glycemic control was achieved by insulin treatment, the plasma glucose concentrations were maintained between 6.8 and 7.7 mmol/L and the activities of enzymes restored to those in the control dogs. The changes in ML ratio (cytosolic MDH/lactate dehydrogenase specific activity ratio) reflected faithfully to metabolic conditions of animals and were considered to be a useful parameter to evaluate glycemic control and the effect of injected insulin in the diabetic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arai
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Washizu T, Nakamura M, Izawa N, Suzuki E, Tsuruno S, Washizu M, Nakajo S, Arai T. The activity ratio of the cytosolic MDH/LDH and the isoenzyme pattern of LDH in the peripheral leukocytes of dogs, cats and rabbits. Vet Res Commun 2002; 26:341-6. [PMID: 12212723 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016278409138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the pattern of the isoenzymes of LDH were determined in the peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs, rabbits and cats. Rabbits had significantly higher plasma glucose concentrations than dogs or cats. Feline leukocytes showed higher LDH and lower MDH activities than canine or rabbit leukocytes. The M/L ratio, defined as the MDH activity divided by the LDH activity in cytosolic fractions, was considered to be a good indicator with which to evaluate the metabolic state in animal tissues. The M/L ratio was highest in canine and lowest in feline leukocytes. LDH-2 and LDH-3 isoenzymes were dominant in canine leukocytes. LDH-1 and LDH-2 were dominant in rabbit leukocytes, whereas LDH-5 was dominant in feline leukocytes. It was evident that there were significant differences in energy metabolism between the leukocytes of dogs, rabbits and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Washizu
- Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
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