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Yang L, Fang Y, Luo Y, Fu M, Shen K, Luo Z. Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SHR-1703, an innovative long-acting anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, in healthy subjects: a randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled phase I study. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:741-752. [PMID: 38805242 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2361065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SHR-1703 is a novel humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody with high IL-5 affinity and prolonged half-life, aiming to control eosinophil-related diseases. The study intended to evaluate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of SHR-1703 in healthy subjects. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose escalation phase I study was conducted. 42 subjects were allocated to sequentially receive single subcutaneous injection of 20, 75, 150, 300, and 400 mg SHR-1703 or placebo. RESULTS After administration, SHR-1703 was slowly absorbed with median Tmax ranging from 8.5 to 24.5 days. Mean t1/2 in 150 to 400 mg doses was 86 to 100 days. Cmax and AUC increased in nearly dose-proportional pattern over range of 75 to 400 mg SHR-1703. After receiving SHR-1703, peripheral blood eosinophils (EOS) greatly decreased from baseline, which showed no significant change from baseline in placebo group. Magnitude and duration of reduction of EOS rose with increased dosing of SHR-1703. In 400 mg dose, remarkable efficacy of reducing EOS maintained up to approximately 6 months post single administration. Moreover, SHR-1703 exhibited low immunogenicity (2.9%), favorable safety, and tolerability in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of SHR-1703 support further clinical development of SHR-1703 in eosinophil-associated diseases. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04480762).
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Double-Blind Method
- Male
- Adult
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Eosinophils/drug effects
- Young Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Interleukin-5/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-5/immunology
- Half-Life
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Middle Aged
- Area Under Curve
- Healthy Volunteers
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Clewe O, Rekić D, Quartino AL, Carlsson B, Higashimori M, Wernevik L, Hofherr A, Rydén-Bergsten T, Nilsson C, Knöchel J. Population pharmacokinetics of a novel PCSK9 antisense oligonucleotide. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:1503-1513. [PMID: 38504437 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of AZD8233, an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that targets the PCSK9 transcript to reduce hepatocyte PCSK9 protein production and plasma levels. AZD8233 utilizes generation 2.5 S-constrained ethyl motif (cET) chemistry and is conjugated to a triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc3) ligand for targeted hepatocyte uptake. METHODS A non-linear mixed-effect modelling approach utilizing NONMEM software was applied to AZD8233 concentration-time data from 3416 samples in 219 participants from four phase 1-2 studies, one in healthy volunteers (NCT03593785) and three in patients with dyslipidaemia (NCT04155645, NCT04641299 and NCT04823611). RESULTS The final model described the AZD8233 plasma concentration-time profile from four phase 1-2 studies in healthy volunteers or participants with dyslipidaemia, covering a dose range of 4 to 120 mg. The pharmacokinetics of AZD8233 were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption. The supra-proportional increase in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) across the observed dose range was described by non-linear Michaelis-Menten elimination (maximum elimination rate, 9.9 mg/h [12% relative standard error]; concentration yielding half-maximal elimination rate, 4.8 mg/L [18% relative standard error]). Body weight, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate and disease status (healthy participant vs. patient with dyslipidaemia) were identified as factors affecting exposure to AZD8233. CONCLUSIONS Covariate analysis showed body weight to be the main factor affecting exposure to AZD8233, which largely explained the higher Cmax observed in the Asian population relative to non-Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Clewe
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dinko Rekić
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angelica L Quartino
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Carlsson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mitsuo Higashimori
- Science Enablement Department, Data Science & Innovation Division, R&D, AstraZeneca K.K., Osaka, Japan
| | - Linda Wernevik
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexis Hofherr
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tina Rydén-Bergsten
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catarina Nilsson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jane Knöchel
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhou XJ, Lickliter J, Montrond M, Ishak L, Pietropaolo K, James D, Belanger B, Horga A, Hammond J. First-in-human trial evaluating safety and pharmacokinetics of AT-752, a novel nucleotide prodrug with pan-serotype activity against dengue virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0161523. [PMID: 38526047 PMCID: PMC11064583 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01615-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AT-752 is a novel guanosine nucleotide prodrug inhibitor of the dengue virus (DENV) polymerase with sub-micromolar, pan-serotype antiviral activity. This phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ascending single and multiple oral doses of AT-752 in healthy subjects. AT-752 was well tolerated when administered as a single dose up to 1,500 mg or when administered as multiple doses up to 750 mg three times daily (TID). No serious adverse events occurred, and the majority of treatment-emergent adverse events were mild in severity and resolved by the end of the study. In those receiving single ascending doses of AT-752, no pharmacokinetic sensitivity was observed in Asian subjects, and no food effect was observed. Plasma exposure of the guanosine nucleoside metabolite AT-273, the surrogate of the active triphosphate metabolite of the drug, increased with increasing dose levels of AT-752 and exhibited a long half-life of approximately 15-25 h. Administration of AT-752 750 mg TID led to a rapid increase in plasma levels of AT-273 exceeding the target in vitro 90% effective concentration (EC90) of 0.64 µM in inhibiting DENV replication, and maintained this level over the treatment period. The favorable safety and pharmacokinetic results support the evaluation of AT-752 as an antiviral for the treatment of dengue in future clinical studies.Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04722627).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Ishak
- Atea Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Dayle James
- Atea Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Arantxa Horga
- Atea Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janet Hammond
- Atea Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Thijssen E, Tuk B, Cakici M, van Velze V, Klaassen E, Merkus F, van Laar T, Kremer P, Groeneveld GJ. Clinical trial evaluating apomorphine oromucosal solution in Parkinson's disease patients. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13796. [PMID: 38712716 PMCID: PMC11075157 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Apomorphine, used to treat OFF episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), is typically administered via subcutaneous injections. Administration of an oromucosal solution could offer a non-invasive and user-friendly alternative. This two-part clinical study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and dose proportionality of a novel apomorphine hydrochloride oromucosal solution, as well as its relative bioavailability to subcutaneous apomorphine injection and apomorphine sublingual film. In part A of the study, 12 patients with PD received 2 mg oromucosal apomorphine (4% weight/volume) and 2 mg subcutaneous apomorphine in a randomized order, followed by 4 and 8 mg oromucosal apomorphine. In part B of the study, 13 patients with PD received 7 mg oromucosal apomorphine (7% weight/volume) and 30 mg sublingual apomorphine in a randomized order, followed by 14 mg oromucosal apomorphine. Washout between dose administrations in both study parts was at least 2 days. Safety, tolerability, and PK were assessed pre- and post-dose. Both study parts showed that oromucosal apomorphine was generally well-tolerated. Observed side effects were typical for apomorphine administration and included asymptomatic orthostatic hypotension, yawning, fatigue, and somnolence. Oromucosal apomorphine exposure increased with dose, although less than dose proportional. The mean (SD) maximum exposure reached with 14 mg oromucosal apomorphine was 753.0 (298.6) ng*min/mL (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity) and 8.0 (3.3) ng/mL (maximum plasma concentration). This was comparable to exposure reached after 2 mg subcutaneous apomorphine and approximately half of the exposure observed with 30 mg sublingual apomorphine. In summary, clinically relevant plasma concentrations could be reached in PD patients without tolerability issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Thijssen
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)LeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Bert Tuk
- Criceto IKMCasterenThe Netherlands
| | - Michel Cakici
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)LeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Veerle van Velze
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)LeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Erica Klaassen
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Teus van Laar
- Groningen University Medical Center (UMCG)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Philip Kremer
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)LeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)LeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC)LeidenThe Netherlands
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5
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Gu K, Spitz R, Hammett E, Jaunarajs A, Ghazaryan V, Garvey EP, Degenhardt T. Safety and pharmacokinetics of antifungal agent VT-1598 and its primary metabolite, VT-11134, in healthy adult subjects: phase 1, first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of single-ascending oral doses of VT-1598. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae032. [PMID: 38569652 PMCID: PMC11034614 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
VT-1598 is a novel fungal CYP51 inhibitor and 1-tetrazole-based antifungal drug candidate with improved selectivity minimizing off-target binding to and inhibition of human CYP450 enzymes. Data are presented from this first clinical study in the evaluation of the safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) of single ascending doses of 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 mg VT-1598, comprising a 160 mg cohort in both fasting and fed states. Eight healthy adults per dose were randomized to receive either oral VT-1598 or placebo (3:1). Over the dose range, exposures were with relatively high variation. The maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) for VT-1598 were 31.00-279.4 ng/ml and for its primary metabolite, VT-11134, were 27.80-108.8 ng/ml. The plasma area under the concentration-time curve to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-last) for VT-1598 were 116.1-4507 ng*h/ml, and for VT-11134 were 1140-7156 ng*h/ml. The dose proportionality was inconclusive based on the results of the power model. The peak concentration time (Tmax) was 4-5 h for VT-1598 and for VT-11134. Half-life was 103-126 h for VT-11134. After food intake, Cmax of VT-1598 increased by 44% (geometric mean ratio (GMR), 1.44; 90%CI [0.691, 2.19]) and AUC0-last by 126% (GMR, 2.26; 90%CI [1.09, 3.44]), while exposure of VT-11134 was decreased 23% for Cmax (GMR, 0.77; 90%CI [0.239, 1.31]) and unchanged for AUC0-last (GMR, 1.02; 90%CI [0.701, 1.33]). Neither VT-1598 nor VT-11134 were detected in urine. No serious adverse events (AEs) or AEs leading to early termination were observed. The safety and PK profiles of VT-1598 support its further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Gu
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Spitz
- Medical & Scientific Affairs, ICON plc, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Erin Hammett
- Department of Biometrics & Clinical Operations, The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anna Jaunarajs
- Department of Biometrics & Clinical Operations, The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Varduhi Ghazaryan
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edward P Garvey
- Department of Research and Development, Mycovia Pharmaceuticals, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Thorsten Degenhardt
- Department of Research and Development, Mycovia Pharmaceuticals, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
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6
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Novikov N, Buch A, Yang H, Andruk M, Liu G, Wu M, Howell H, MacDonald B, Savage W. First-in-Human Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of DISC-0974, an Anti-Hemojuvelin Antibody, in Healthy Participants. J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38515275 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Pathologic elevations in hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, contribute to anemia of inflammation in chronic disease. DISC-0974 is a monoclonal antibody that binds to hemojuvelin and blocks bone morphogenetic protein signaling, thereby suppressing hepcidin production. Reduction of systemic hepcidin levels is predicted to increase iron absorption and mobilize stored iron into circulation, where it may be utilized by red blood cell (RBC) precursors in the bone marrow to improve hemoglobin levels and to potentially alleviate anemia of inflammation. We conducted a first-in-human, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose study to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of DISC-0974 in healthy participants. Overall, 42 participants were enrolled and received a single dose of placebo or DISC-0974 at escalating dose levels (7-56 mg), administered intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC). DISC-0974 was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to that of placebo. Pharmacokinetic data was dose and route related, with a terminal half-life of approximately 7 days. The bioavailability of SC dosing was ∼50%. Pharmacodynamic data showed dose-dependent decreases in serum hepcidin, with reductions of nearly 75% relative to baseline at the highest dose level tested, and corresponding increases in serum iron in response to DISC-0974 administration. Dose-dependent changes in serum ferritin and hematology parameters were also observed, indicating mobilization of iron stores and downstream effects of enhanced hemoglobinization and production of RBCs. Altogether, these data are consistent with the mechanism of action of DISC-0974 and support the selection of a biologically active dose range for evaluation in clinical trials for individuals with anemia of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akshay Buch
- Disc Medicine, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Disc Medicine, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Guowen Liu
- Disc Medicine, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Disc Medicine, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Will Savage
- Disc Medicine, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Zhu G, Wang L, Zhong S, Han S, Peng H, Tong M, He X. Pharmacokinetics, Safety Profile, and Tolerability of Tetramethylpyrazine Nitrone Tablets After Single and Multiple Ascending Doses in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:207-217. [PMID: 38381348 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-024-00877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN) is a novel tetramethylpyrazine derivative armed with a strong free radical scavenging nitrone moiety. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and tolerability of TBN tablets after a single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending doses (MAD) in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS This phase I, single-center, open-label study was conducted in China. The SAD portion consisted of four cohorts with dose levels of 400-1800 mg. The MAD portion included three cohorts in which subjects received doses of 600-1800 mg twice daily for 7 days (13 consecutive doses). The third portion was a randomized, two-period, crossover design to assess the influence of food with a single dose of TBN tablets (1200 mg). The safety profile was evaluated by monitoring adverse events (AEs), vital signs, electrocardiograms, physical examinations, and laboratory test results. RESULTS Fifty-two healthy subjects aged 18 to 45 years with a body mass index between 19.0 and 26.0 kg/m2 were enrolled. After a single dose of TBN, the median time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 2.48-3.24 h and the mean half-life (t1/2) was 1.28 to 2.10 h across all doses. In the MAD study, the median Tmax was 2.48 to 3.48 h. In the 400-1800 mg dose range, there was a tendency for less than proportional increases in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to time of last measurable concentration (AUC0-t), and the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC0-inf) in both single- and multiple-dose periods. A significantly higher TBN exposure was observed in females than males in both a single and multiple doses of the 600 mg and 1200 mg groups, with a geometric mean female-to-male ratio of 138.69-203.18%. Food decreased the Cmax and AUC0-t of TBN to 45.19% and 59.73%, respectively. Each dose group reached a steady state after 4 days. No drug accumulation was observed. Two subjects had drug-related AEs. A decreased neutrophil count and drug eruption in the SAD portion (1200 mg group) and an increased alanine aminotransferase level in the food effect group were found. All AEs were mild and tolerable (CTCAE grade 1) and resolved without any medical intervention. CONCLUSION TBN tablets had a good safety profile and were well tolerated in healthy Chinese volunteers. Steady-state concentrations were reached after 4 consecutive days of oral administration. The results of this phase I study will provide guidance for the design of future TBN clinical studies. CHINESE CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY ChiCTR1900022092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangzhi Zhu
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shaojin Zhong
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shengnan Han
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mei Tong
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoai He
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Chen M, Du S, Cheng Y, Zhu X, Wang Y, Shu S, Men Y, He M, Wang H, He Z, Cai L, Zhu J, Wu Z, Li Y, Feng P. Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HWH486 capsules in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I dose-escalation study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111285. [PMID: 38061118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HWH486 inhibits Bruton's tyrosine kinase and therefore shows promise as a treatment against rheumatoid arthritis and chronic spontaneous urticaria. This phase I trial assessed tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of HWH486 capsules in healthy adults. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study from 10 to 800 mg was conducted in 96 healthy Chinese adults, of whom 80 received HWH486 and 16 received placebo. RESULTS A total of 96 subjects were enrolled, and all completed the study. In the HWH486 group, mean Tmax ranged from 1.03 to 2.00 h, and mean T1/2 ranged from 0.85 to 8.67 h across the dose range from 10 to 800 mg. Mean Cmax increased linearly with dose, while mean AUC0-t increased non-linearly. Occupancy of Bruton's tyrosine kinase peaked within 0.50-4.00 h after administration across the dose groups, and the delay until peak occupancy decreased with increasing dose. Twenty-five subjects (31.25 %) in the HWH486 group experienced 35 treatment-emergent adverse events, while four subjects (25.00 %) in the placebo group experienced eight such events. CONCLUSIONS HWH486 is well tolerated and safe in healthy adults, in whom it can strongly bind Bruton's tyrosine kinase. These findings justify clinical studies of HWH486 efficacy against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuangqing Du
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Men
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Ling Cai
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Yuqiong Li
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
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Sheng XY, Xie R, Wei LH, Jia B, Li YF, Zheng ZG, Zhao X, Cui YM. A first-in-human study of Brozopentyl Sodium, following single and multiple ascending intravenous infusion in Chinese healthy volunteers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106663. [PMID: 38056780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brozopentyl Sodium (BZP), a novel agent for ischemic stroke, has shown promising results in preclinical pharmacological studies, prompting the initiation of the first-in-human investigation. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of BZP in Chinese healthy volunteers. METHODS The study consisted of two parts. Part I was a single-center, randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, single-ascending study with six BZP dose cohorts (SAD: 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg). Part II was a single-center, randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-dose- and dose-elevated study with three BZP dose cohorts (MAD: 50, 100, and 200 mg). Doses were administered once daily on days 1 and 7 and twice daily on days 2-6. The PK properties of BZP and its bioactive metabolites, BNBP, were assessed. Safety and tolerability evaluations were also conducted. RESULTS In the SAD study, BZP reached peak plasma concentrations (Tmax) at the end of administration, with median Tmax values ranging from 1 to 1.03 h, while BNBP reached Tmax between 1.25 to 1.38 h. The terminal half-lives (T1/2) were approximately 8 h for BZP and 15 h for BNBP. In the MAD study, steady-state plasma concentrations of BZP were reached by day 5. There was minimal accumulation of both BZP and BNBP after 7 days of administration. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to time of the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) and maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) showed dose-proportional increases for BZP but not for BNBP in both study parts. Single and multiple doses of BZP demonstrated a good safety profile and were well-tolerated. CONCLUSION BZP displayed safety, good tolerability and predictable PK characteristics following both single and multiple ascending intravenous administrations. These findings provide a basis for further clinical development of BZP for ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Hua Wei
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Zhejiang Ausun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zheng
- Zhejiang Ausun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi-Min Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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10
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Zhang T, Tao Y, Pu J, Zhu M, Wan L, Tang C. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral (S)-oxiracetam in Chinese healthy volunteers: A randomized, double-blind, controlled phase I study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106621. [PMID: 37898393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE (S)-oxiracetam is the major active enantiomer of oxiracetam, which is being developed for dementia. This trial was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral (S)-oxiracetam in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS A randomized, controlled, double-blind and dose-escalation design was used in this Phase I trial, which consisted of a single-ascending-dose (SAD) study (400-2000 mg) and a multiple-ascending-dose (MAD) study (400-1600 mg). Blood, urine and feces samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events (AEs). RESULTS AEs in both studies were mild or moderate in severity and dose-independent. In the SAD study, no chiral transformation was observed. 55.03% and 36.16% of (S)-oxiracetam was excreted unchanged in urine and feces, respectively. Exposures exhibited dose-proportional increases over the range of 400 to 1600 mg but almost unchanged from 1600 to 2000 mg. (S)-oxiracetam was absorbed rapidly, reaching a peak at 0.75-1.00 h, and t1/2 was 6.12-6.60 h. Food had no effect on AUC, but prolonged Tmax to 3.00 h. In the MAD study, steady-state was observed on day 5. Mild accumulations were observed after 7 days of repeated dosing. CONCLUSION (S)-oxiracetam was safe and tolerated with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles at all study doses, providing dosing evidence for further efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junliang Pu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Mingxue Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Chengyong Tang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China.
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11
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Malhi V, Agarwal P, Gates MR, Liu L, Wang J, De Bruyn T, Lam S, Eng-Wong J, Perez-Moreno P, Chen YC, Yu J. Optimizing Early-stage Clinical Pharmacology Evaluation to Accelerate Clinical Development of Giredestrant in Advanced Breast Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2551-2559. [PMID: 38019116 PMCID: PMC10722959 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the clinical pharmacology characterization of giredestrant in a first-in-human study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This phase Ia/Ib dose-escalation/-expansion study (NCT03332797) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity of giredestrant in estrogen receptor-positive HER2-negative locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer. The single-agent dose-escalation stage evaluated giredestrant 10, 30, 90, or 250 mg once daily. The dose-expansion stage evaluated single-agent giredestrant at 30, 100, and 250 mg once daily. Dose-escalation and -expansion phases also evaluated giredestrant 100 mg combined with palbociclib 125 mg. RESULTS Following single-dose oral administration, giredestrant was rapidly absorbed and generally showed a dose-proportional increase in exposure at doses ranging from 10 to 250 mg. At the 30 mg clinical dose, maximum plasma concentration was 266 ng/mL (50.1%) and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours at steady state was 4,320 ng·hour/mL (59.4%). Minimal giredestrant concentrations were detected in urine, indicating that renal excretion is unlikely to be a major elimination route for giredestrant. Mean concentration of 4beta-hydroxycholesterol showed no apparent increase over time at both the clinical dose (30 mg) and a supratherapeutic dose (90 mg), suggesting that giredestrant may have low CYP3A induction potential in humans. No clinically relevant drug-drug interaction was observed between giredestrant and palbociclib. Giredestrant exposure was not affected by food and was generally consistent between White and Asian patients. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates how the integration of clinical pharmacology considerations into early-phase clinical trials can inform the design of pivotal studies and accelerate oncology drug development. SIGNIFICANCE This work illustrates how comprehensive clinical pharmacology characterization can be integrated into first-in-human studies in oncology. It also demonstrates the value of understanding clinical pharmacology attributes to inform eligibility, concomitant medications, and combination dosing and to directly influence late-stage trial design and accelerate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Malhi
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Priya Agarwal
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mary R. Gates
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jianshuang Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Tom De Bruyn
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Lam
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer Eng-Wong
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Pablo Perez-Moreno
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ya-Chi Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jiajie Yu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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12
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Ding R, Deng X, Chen L, Zhen Y, Li X, Xiong T, Zhang Y, Chen H, Hu X, Li Y, Zhou Y, Jiang F, Peng Q, Wang X. A dose-escalation study of HP501, a highly selective URAT1 inhibitor, in male Chinese patients with hyperuricemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22190. [PMID: 38092845 PMCID: PMC10719327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HP501 is a highly selective renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitor used for treating hyperuricemia. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of HP501 in male Chinese patients. Patients with hyperuricemia were sequentially assigned to receive oral doses of HP501 (30, 50, 60, 90, and 120 mg) as a single dose on Day 1 and as once-daily doses from Days 4 to 13. Safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic data were collected. Multiple oral doses of HP501 were well-tolerated in all the cohorts. The most common adverse events (≥ 10% of patients) of any grade regardless of drug relationship were gout flare (14 patients, 25.93%), diarrhea (12 patients, 22.22%), elevated ALT (8 patients, 14.81%), hypertriglyceridemia (7 patients, 12.96%), dry mouth (7 patients, 12.96%) and oral ulcer (7 patients, 12.96%). All adverse events were mild or moderate. The Cmax and exposure (AUC) of HP501 was approximately dose-proportional between 30 and 120 mg. A dose-dependent serum uric acid (UA)-lowering effect was observed in the dose range of 30 to 60 mg and the serum UA lowering effect was similar between 90 and 120 mg on day 13, indicating that the maximal serum UA lowering effect of HP501 was achieved at 90 mg in the patients with hyperuricemia. In conclusion, the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics supported 90 mg HP501 for subsequent clinical studies of this highly selective URAT1 inhibitor.Clinical Trial registration: No. CTR20212259 ( http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/ ) was registered in September 2021, and No. CTR20222257 was registered in September 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Ding
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial/GCP Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuehong Deng
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Longxia Chen
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial/GCP Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhen
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial/GCP Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinghai Li
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tengqiong Xiong
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial/GCP Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanhua Zhang
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial/GCP Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial/GCP Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial/GCP Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial/GCP Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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13
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Lakeev AP, Yanovskaya EA, Yanovsky VA, Frelikh GA, Andropov MO. Novel aspects of taxifolin pharmacokinetics: Dose proportionality, cumulative effect, metabolism, microemulsion dosage forms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115744. [PMID: 37797493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Taxifolin (TFL) is a small drug molecule with a broad therapeutic potential limited by its poor aqueous solubility and excessive metabolism. Despite comprehensive research, some aspects of the TFL pharmacokinetics, e.g., dose proportionality and possible cumulative effect, remain unexplored. In the current study, we have tried to fill this gap. Our results revealed that the TFL pharmacokinetics in rats had nonlinear character in the dose range of 10-50 mg/kg after its single oral administration (AUC). For Cmax, the data are ambiguous: linearity was confirmed via the equivalence criterion and was disproved using the power model approach. Also, the cumulative drug effect was observed on the 4th day after its multiple-dose oral administration (25 mg/kg; compared to the 1st day). Interestingly, biologically active TFL metabolites such as aromadendrin and luteolin were putatively found in plasma samples, although they were previously detected only in feces. In addition, oil-in-water and water-in-oil microemulsions were fabricated to design novel drug delivery systems. These carrier dosage forms did not improve the TFL bioavailability but significantly affected its metabolism. To support pharmacokinetic studies, the bioanalytical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated in the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL using candesartan as an internal standard. Liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether was used to isolate the analytes from plasma followed by evaporation and reconstitution of the residues in acetonitrile. Thus, the present findings broaden our understanding of the TFL behavior in vivo and provide novel ideas and reference directions for its continued use in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Lakeev
- Scientific and Educational Center 'Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use', Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Elena A Yanovskaya
- Scientific and Educational Center 'Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use', Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav A Yanovsky
- Scientific and Educational Center 'Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use', Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Galina A Frelikh
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634028, Russia
| | - Mikhail O Andropov
- Scientific and Educational Center 'Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use', Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia
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14
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Rodriguez-Vera L, Yin X, Almoslem M, Romahn K, Cicali B, Lukacova V, Cristofoletti R, Schmidt S. Comprehensive Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Assess Drug-Drug Interactions of Phenytoin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2486. [PMID: 37896246 PMCID: PMC10609929 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory agencies worldwide expect that clinical pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between an investigational new drug and other drugs should be conducted during drug development as part of an adequate assessment of the drug's safety and efficacy. However, it is neither time nor cost efficient to test all possible DDI scenarios clinically. Phenytoin is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as a strong clinical index inducer of CYP3A4, and a moderate sensitive substrate of CYP2C9. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) platform model was developed using GastroPlus® to assess DDIs with phenytoin acting as the victim (CYP2C9, CYP2C19) or perpetrator (CYP3A4). Pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 15 different studies in healthy subjects. The PBPK model of phenytoin explains the contribution of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 to the formation of 5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin. Furthermore, it accurately recapitulated phenytoin exposure after single and multiple intravenous and oral doses/formulations ranging from 248 to 900 mg, the dose-dependent nonlinearity and the magnitude of the effect of food on phenytoin pharmacokinetics. Once developed and verified, the model was used to characterize and predict phenytoin DDIs with fluconazole, omeprazole and itraconazole, i.e., simulated/observed DDI AUC ratio ranging from 0.89 to 1.25. This study supports the utility of the PBPK approach in informing drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyanis Rodriguez-Vera
- Center for Pharmacometrics and System Pharmacology at Lake Nona (Orlando), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.R.-V.); (X.Y.); (M.A.); (K.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Xuefen Yin
- Center for Pharmacometrics and System Pharmacology at Lake Nona (Orlando), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.R.-V.); (X.Y.); (M.A.); (K.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Mohammed Almoslem
- Center for Pharmacometrics and System Pharmacology at Lake Nona (Orlando), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.R.-V.); (X.Y.); (M.A.); (K.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Karolin Romahn
- Center for Pharmacometrics and System Pharmacology at Lake Nona (Orlando), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.R.-V.); (X.Y.); (M.A.); (K.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Brian Cicali
- Center for Pharmacometrics and System Pharmacology at Lake Nona (Orlando), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.R.-V.); (X.Y.); (M.A.); (K.R.); (B.C.)
| | | | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Center for Pharmacometrics and System Pharmacology at Lake Nona (Orlando), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.R.-V.); (X.Y.); (M.A.); (K.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Center for Pharmacometrics and System Pharmacology at Lake Nona (Orlando), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.R.-V.); (X.Y.); (M.A.); (K.R.); (B.C.)
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15
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Yang L, Shu P, Wu N, Hu M, Luo Z. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of FTP-198, a novel, selective Autotaxin inhibitor, in healthy subjects: A phase I randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106552. [PMID: 37532064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autotaxin (ATX) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) play an important role in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). FTP-198 is an oral, novel and selective ATX inhibitor indicated for treating IPF. The study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of FTP-198 in healthy subjects. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending-dose Phase I study was performed. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, food effect on pharmacokinetics, elimination, safety and tolerability of FTP-198 were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 30 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. After oral administration of single ascending-dose of 100 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg FTP-198 under fasted condition, FTP-198 was absorbed with median time to reach peak concentration (Tmax) of 1.75, 2.75 and 3.5 h, respectively and eliminated with mean elimination half-life (t1/2) of 8.77, 10.58 and 10.57 h, respectively. Peak concentration (Cmax), plasma area under concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) and to infinity (AUC0-∞) increased in dose-proportional manner for 100 mg to 400 mg FTP-198. Food intake slightly increased the Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ and prolonged Tmax, but not affecting t1/2 of FTP-198 compared with fasted state. The pharmacodynamic biomarker plasma lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) 18:2 decreased significantly for 100 mg to 400 mg FTP-198, with inhibition rate from baseline reaching approximately 80% at 24 h post dosing, and higher dose of FTP-198 increased the time to maintain inhibitory plateau. FTP-198 was eliminated from the body almost with no unchanged drug excreted in urine and a small amount of unchanged drug detected in feces of human. Moreover, FTP-198 exhibited favorable safety and tolerability in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of FTP-198 support further subsequent clinical development of FTP -198 in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China; Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Pei Shu
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtPd., Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyue Hu
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtPd., Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China.
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16
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Kim G, Moon HK, Kim T, Yun SH, Yun HY, Hong JH, Kim DD. Safety Evaluation and Population Pharmacokinetics of Camostat Mesylate and Its Major Metabolites Using a Phase I Study. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2357. [PMID: 37765325 PMCID: PMC10534584 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Camostat mesylate is expected to be promising as a treatment option for COVID-19, in addition to other indications for which it is currently used. Furthermore, in vitro experiments have confirmed the potential of camostat and its metabolites to be effective against COVID-19. Therefore, clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic characteristics of camostat after single-dose administration. Additionally, we aim to predict the pharmacokinetics of repeated dosing through modeling and simulation based on clinical trials. Clinical trials were conducted on healthy Korean adults, and an analysis was carried out of the metabolites of camostat, GBPA, and GBA. Pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation were performed using Monolix. There were no safety issues (AEs, physical examinations, clinical laboratory tests, vital sign measurements, and ECG) during the clinical trial. The pharmacokinetic characteristics at various doses were identified. It was confirmed that AUC last and Cmax increased in proportion to dose in both GBPA and GBA, and linearity was also confirmed in log-transformed power model regression. Additionally, the accumulation index was predicted (1.12 and 1.08 for GBPA and GBA). The pharmacokinetics of camostat for various dose administrations and indications can be predicted prior to clinical trials using the developed camostat model. Furthermore, it can be used for various indications by connecting it with pharmacodynamic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwanyoung Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceuticals, Yongin-si 17028, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (H.-k.M.); (T.K.); (S.-h.Y.)
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-ki Moon
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceuticals, Yongin-si 17028, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (H.-k.M.); (T.K.); (S.-h.Y.)
| | - Taeheon Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceuticals, Yongin-si 17028, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (H.-k.M.); (T.K.); (S.-h.Y.)
| | - So-hye Yun
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceuticals, Yongin-si 17028, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (H.-k.M.); (T.K.); (S.-h.Y.)
| | - Hwi-yeol Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Wang Q, Yang Z, Guo L, Li Z, Liu Y, Feng S, Wang Y. Chemical composition, pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies of GuHong injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1261326. [PMID: 37745083 PMCID: PMC10512552 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1261326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
GuHong injection is composed of safflower and N-acetyl-L-glutamine. It is widely used in clinical for cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic stroke and related diseases. The objective of this review is to comprehensively summarize the most recent information related to GuHong in the treatment of stroke, including chemical composition, clinical studies, potential pharmacological mechanisms and pharmacokinetics. Additionally, it examines possible scientific gaps in current study and aims to provide a reliable reference for future GuHong studies. The systematic review reveals that the chemical composition of safflower in GuHong is more than 300 chemical components in five categories. GuHong injection is primarily used in clinical applications for acute ischemic stroke and related diseases. Pharmacological investigations have indicated that GuHong acts in the early and recovery stages of ischemic stroke by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-coagulation, neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic mechanisms simultaneously. Pharmacokinetic studies found that the main exposed substances in rat plasma after GuHong administration are hydroxysafflor yellow A and N-acetyl-L-glutamine, and N-acetyl-L-glutamine could exert its pharmacological effect across the blood-brain barrier. As a combination of Chinese herb and chemical drug, GuHong injection has great value in drug research and clinical treatment, especially for ischemic stroke disease. This article represents a comprehensive and systematic review of existing studies on GuHong injection, including chemical composition, pharmacological mechanism, and pharmacokinetics, which provides reference significance for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke with GuHong, as well as provides guidance for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuli Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangxi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoling Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Tianjin Beichen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tianjin, China
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18
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Gold JR, Grubb T, Court M, Villarino NF. Pharmacokinetics of single dose administration of three increasing doses of acetaminophen per os in 1-3-month-old foals. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:891-898. [PMID: 36482786 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and antipyretic drug used in human medicine and might be an alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treating pain and pyrexia in foals. The pharmacokinetics and safety of differing doses of acetaminophen have not been investigated in foals. OBJECTIVES To determine the plasma pharmacokinetics and any changes in haematology and biochemistry profiles following oral administration of single doses of acetaminophen at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg to foals. STUDY DESIGN Randomised cross-over pharmacokinetic study. METHODS Six Quarter Horse (two colts and four fillies) foals received 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg acetaminophen orally once. Haematology and biochemistry profiles were performed before and 7 days after each drug administration. Blood samples were collected over 64 h after drug administration and were used to quantify plasma acetaminophen concentrations by liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using compartmental analysis. RESULTS Median (range) acetaminophen plasma concentrations were 4.4 (1.8-5.1), 6.3 (2.6-12.6), and 14 (7.3-18) μg/ml for the 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses, respectively. Median acetaminophen area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)0-∞ ranged from 25 (11-32), 41 (22-74), and 105 (82-142) h × μg/ml for the 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses, respectively. Dose-normalised maximal concentrations and AUC0-∞ values were similar across dose concentrations (p > 0.05). Median terminal half-life for all doses was 2.7-2.8 h. Haematology and biochemistry profiles were normal except for blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. MAIN LIMITATIONS Foals were growing throughout the study, starting at 1 month and ending at 3 months. Deposition of drugs changes with age. The sample size was small and only single doses were evaluated. No liver biopsies were performed. CONCLUSION Plasma disposition of acetaminophen after a single oral dose of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg to 1-3-month-old foals varies greatly with the dose. The analgesic and antipyretic effect in foals is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Robin Gold
- Associate-Internal Medicine and Criticalist, Wisconsin Equine Clinic and Hospital, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tamara Grubb
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Court
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Chappell JC, Chiang AY, Royalty J, Coleman H, Kulanthaivel P, Turner PK. Abemaciclib does not increase the corrected QT interval in healthy participants. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:1617-1627. [PMID: 37337637 PMCID: PMC10499409 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abemaciclib is an orally administered, potent, and selective small molecule inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, approved for advanced or metastatic breast cancer. This study aimed to use an exposure-response approach to investigate the effect of abemaciclib and its active metabolites (M2 and M20) on QTc interval and delay in cardiac repolarization at clinically relevant exposures. This was a single-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study of ascending doses of abemaciclib. Thirty-five healthy participants were administered a single dose of 200-600 mg abemaciclib. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram tracings and pharmacokinetic samples were collected serially pre- and post-dose. The primary objective was to study the relationship between abemaciclib and its active metabolites (M2 and M20) and QTc interval following ascending oral doses of abemaciclib. The secondary objective included evaluating the safety and tolerability of single ascending doses of abemaciclib in healthy participants. Exposure-response analysis demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between placebo-corrected change from baseline QTcF (ΔΔQTcF), abemaciclib, and metabolite plasma concentrations. Additionally, the ΔΔQTcF slopes of abemaciclib, its metabolites, and total analyte concentrations were not statistically different from zero. Single doses of abemaciclib, up to 400 mg, were well-tolerated by healthy participants; however, at the 600 mg dose (three times the highest registered dose), the frequency and severity of treatment-related gastrointestinal events (primarily diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting) increased. In conclusion, single doses of abemaciclib, up to 400 mg, had no statistically or clinically relevant effects on QTc, and abemaciclib was well tolerated up to a dose of 400 mg in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane Royalty
- Covance Early Clinical DevelopmentMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Hugh Coleman
- Covance Clinical Research UnitDaytona BeachFloridaUSA
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Niu X, Chen D, He W, Tang Y, Zhao J. Development and Validation of a Novel UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Plinabulin in Plasma and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study with Leukopenic Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1153. [PMID: 37631067 PMCID: PMC10459361 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plinabulin, a new antitumor drug developed from marine natural products that targets microtubules in cancer cells, is currently being tested in a phase III clinical study. Plinabulin has been clinically proven to be effective on leukopenia. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports investigating the pharmacokinetics of plinabulin in individuals with leukopenia and healthy individuals. In this study, we developed a rapid and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for the detection of plinabulin for the first time. Using a novel cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia model, we investigated the differences in the pharmacokinetic characteristics of plinabulin between rats with leukopenia and normal rats. Plinabulin and propranolol (IS) peaks were separated by gradient elution for a total run time of 5 min. The methodological validation showed a good accuracy (101.96-109.42%) and precision (RSD ≤ 5.37%) with the lower limit of quantification at 0.5 ng/mL. The recovery of plinabulin was between 91.99% and 109.75% (RSD ≤ 7.92%). The values of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) for leukopenia groups and control groups at doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 3 mg/kg were 148.89 ± 78.74 h·μg/L and 121.75 ± 31.56 h·μg/L; 318.15 ± 40.00 h·μg/L and 272.06 ± 42.85 h·μg/L; and 1432.43 ± 197.47 h·μg/L and 1337.12 ± 193.56 h·μg/L; respectively. The half-lives (t1/2s) of plinabulin were 0.49-0.72 h for leukopenia groups and 0.39-0.70 h for control groups at three doses, and the clearance rates (CLs) of plinabulin were 2.13-3.87 L/h/kg for leukopenia groups and 2.29-4.23 L/h/kg for control groups. Pharmacokinetic results showed that there was no significant pharmacokinetic difference between the normal group and the leukopenia group. Based on the power model, plinabulin exhibits a lack of dose proportionality over the dose range of 0.5-3 mg/kg after intravenous administration. This study provides guidance for the development of plinabulin as a potential candidate for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Niu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266073, China
| | - Jianchun Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266073, China
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He J, Du W, Yang H, Wang J, Cai C, Ma Q, Li N, Yu J, Wu X, Wu J, Chen Y, Cao G, Zhang J. Safety and pharmacokinetics of IBI112, an IL-23 monoclonal antibody, in Chinese healthy volunteers: a first-in-human phase 1 study. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:669-675. [PMID: 37358916 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2230122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) 23p19 monoclonal antibodies were efficacious and safe in the treatment of psoriasis. A first-in-human (FIH) study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and immunogenicity of IBI112, a novel IL-23p19 monoclonal antibody. METHODS In this FIH, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending-dose study, a subcutaneous (SC, 5-600 mg) or intravenous (IV, 100 and 600 mg) or placebo was administered to eligible healthy subjects. Safety was assessed by physical examinations, vital signs, laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms. Furthermore, non-compartment analysis and population PK modeling were conducted to characterize PK, and model-based simulation was applied to justify dose selection for psoriasis patients. RESULTS A total of 46 subjects were enrolled, with 35 receiving IBI112 and 11 receiving placebo. No serious adverse events (SAEs) and no clinically significant adverse events were identified. After a single SC of IBI112, the median Tmax was 4-10.5 days, and the half-life (t1/2) ranged from 21.8 to 35.8 days. IBI112 exposures (Cmax and AUCinf) approached dose proportionality across 5-300 mg range. CONCLUSION IBI112 was well tolerated and safe at SC or IV dose up to 600 mg and showed a linear PK characteristics at SC dose from 5 to 300 mg. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov NCT04511624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie He
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijuan Du
- The Clinical Pharmacology Department, Innovent Biologics (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
| | - Haijing Yang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghang Cai
- The Clinical Pharmacology Department, Innovent Biologics (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Ma
- The Clinical Pharmacology Department, Innovent Biologics (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
| | - Nanyang Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jufang Wu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuancheng Chen
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Cao
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chae SU, Jo SJ, Lee CB, Lee S, Park JH, Jung JS, Park ES, Bae H, Bae SK. Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Bee Venom-Derived Phospholipase A2 Using a Sandwich ELISA after Subcutaneous Injection of New Composition Bee Venom in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10214. [PMID: 37373367 PMCID: PMC10299594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee venom is a traditional drug used to treat the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and autoimmune diseases. A previous study found that bee venom and one of its components, phospholipase A2, can protect the brain by suppressing neuroinflammation and can also be used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Thus, new composition bee venom (NCBV), which has an increased phospholipase A2 content of up to 76.2%, was developed as a treatment agent for Alzheimer's disease by INISTst (Republic of Korea). The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles of phospholipase A2 contained in NCBV in rats. Single subcutaneous administration of NCBV at doses ranging from 0.2 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg was conducted, and pharmacokinetic parameters of bee venom-derived phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) increased in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, no accumulation was observed following multiple dosings (0.5 mg/kg/week), and other constituents of NCBV did not affect the pharmacokinetic profile of bvPLA2. After subcutaneous injection of NCBV, the tissue-to-plasma ratios of bvPLA2 for the tested nine tissues were all <1.0, indicating a limited distribution of the bvPLA2 within the tissues. The findings of this study may help understand the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bvPLA2 and provide useful information for the clinical application of NCBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Uk Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea; (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.); (C.B.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Seong Jun Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea; (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.); (C.B.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Chae Bin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea; (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.); (C.B.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sangyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea; (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.); (C.B.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- INISTst R&D Center, 19th F, Higgs U-Tower, 184, Jungbu-daero, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.P.); (J.-S.J.); (E.-S.P.)
| | - Jin-Su Jung
- INISTst R&D Center, 19th F, Higgs U-Tower, 184, Jungbu-daero, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.P.); (J.-S.J.); (E.-S.P.)
| | - Eui-Suk Park
- INISTst R&D Center, 19th F, Higgs U-Tower, 184, Jungbu-daero, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.P.); (J.-S.J.); (E.-S.P.)
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea; (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.); (C.B.L.); (S.L.)
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Lee DY, Kang HE. Pharmacokinetics of the novel 5-HT 4 receptor agonist, DA-6886, in dogs. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:438-444. [PMID: 37737842 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2262013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of a new 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 agonist, DA-6886, intended for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, were evaluated in beagle dogs following both intravenous and oral administration of DA-6886 (1-10 mg/kg). The study also examined the effects of gender and food on the pharmacokinetics of DA-6886 in dogs.DA-6886 demonstrated dose-proportional area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values and dose-independent clearance (21.0-24.6 mL/min/kg) after administration via both routes. The steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) for DA-6886 was dose-independent and relatively large (6.76-8.57 L/kg), aligning with its observed high distribution in rat tissues.No significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of DA-6886 between male and female dogs. Post oral administration, extent of absolute oral bioavailability (BA) was relatively high (48.2-96.1%) in contrast to the rates observed in rats (18.9-55.0%).Dogs that were fed exhibited a significantly lower Cmax and a delayed Tmax in comparison to those that were fasted. However, the AUC values were similar between the two groups. The extended stomach transit time in the fed state may account for this delayed absorption of DA-6886 without substantial changes in AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Lee
- Research Center, Dong-A ST Co. Ltd, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hee Eun Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
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Lim JH, Park M, Park Y, Park SJ, Lee J, Hwang S, Lee J, Lee Y, Jo E, Shin YG. Evaluation of In Vivo Prepared Albumin-Drug Conjugate Using Immunoprecipitation Linked LC-MS Assay and Its Application to Mouse Pharmacokinetic Study. Molecules 2023; 28:3223. [PMID: 37049985 PMCID: PMC10096712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been many attempts in pharmaceutical industries and academia to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics of anti-tumor small-molecule drugs by conjugating them with large molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies, called ADCs. In this context, albumin, one of the most abundant proteins in the blood, has also been proposed as a large molecule to be conjugated with anti-cancer small-molecule drugs. The half-life of albumin is 3 weeks in humans, and its distribution to tumors is higher than in normal tissues. However, few studies have been conducted for the in vivo prepared albumin-drug conjugates, possibly due to the lack of robust bioanalytical methods, which are critical for evaluating the ADME/PK properties of in vivo prepared albumin-drug conjugates. In this study, we developed a bioanalytical method of the albumin-conjugated MAC glucuronide phenol linked SN-38 ((2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-(((((((S)-4,11-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3,14-dioxo-3,4,12,14-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano [3',4':6,7] indolizino [1,2-b] quinolin-9-yl)oxy)methyl)(2 (methylsulfonyl)ethyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)-2-(2-(3-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-N-methylpropanamido)acetamido)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetra-hydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid) as a proof-of-concept. This method is based on immunoprecipitation using magnetic beads and the quantification of albumin-conjugated drug concentration using LC-qTOF/MS in mouse plasma. Finally, the developed method was applied to the in vivo intravenous (IV) mouse pharmacokinetic study of MAC glucuronide phenol-linked SN-38.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young G. Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.)
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Chen K, Guan X, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Deng X, Liu D, Hu P, Chen R. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of golidocitinib, a highly selective JAK1 inhibitor, in healthy adult participants. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127935. [PMID: 37077916 PMCID: PMC10108266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Golidocitinib is an orally available, potent and highly selective JAK (Janus kinase)-1 inhibitor of JAK/STAT3 signaling under clinical development for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. The objectives of the two reported studies were to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of golidocitinib in healthy Chinese participants as compared to those healthy Western participants, as well as the food effect exploration. Methods Two phase I studies (JACKPOT2 and JACKPOT3) were conducted in USA and China, respectively. In JACKPOT2 study, participants were randomized into placebo or golidocitinib arm in single-ascending dose cohorts (5 - 150 mg) and multiple-ascending dose cohorts (25 - 100 mg, once daily) for 14 days. In the food effect cohort, golidocitinib (50 mg) was administrated shortly after a high-fat meal (fed conditions) as compared to under fasting conditions. In JACKPOT3 study conducted in China, participants were randomized to placebo or golidocitinib arm in single-ascending dose cohorts (25 - 150 mg). Results Exposure of golidocitinib generally increased in a dose-proportional manner across a dose range of 5 mg to 150 mg (single dose) and 25 mg to 100 mg (once daily). High-fat food did not alter the PK of golidocitinib with statistical significance. Low plasma clearance and extensive volume of distribution characterizes PK of golidoctinib, and long half-life across the dose levels supported once daily dosing. The inter-ethnic difference in primary PK parameters was evaluated. The result suggested slightly higher peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) but comparable area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was observed in Asian (Chinese) subjects as compared to Caucasian and/or Black subjects, while it was not considered clinically relevant. Golidocitinib was well tolerated without Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 3 or higher drug-related treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) reported. Conclusion No noticeable inter-ethnic difference was observed among Asian, Black, and Caucasian healthy subjects in anticipation of the favorable PK properties of golidocitinib. The effect of food on the bioavailability of golidocitinib was minor following a single oral administration of 50 mg. These data guided to use the same dose and regimen for multinational clinical development. Clinical trial registrations https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03728023?term=NCT03728023&draw=2&rank=1, identifier (NCT03728023); http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/clinicaltrials.searchlistdetail.dhtml, identifier (CTR20191011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduo Guan
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yue Zhou
- Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Pei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC, Messenger KM, Schaefer E, Council-Troche RM, Werre SR. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orally administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:718-727. [PMID: 36840424 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen has been evaluated in horses for treatment of musculoskeletal pain but not as an antipyretic. OBJECTIVES To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen compared to placebo and flunixin meglumine in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. ANIMALS Eight university owned research horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. METHODS Randomized placebo controlled crossover study. Horses were treated with acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO; APAP), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, PO; FLU), and placebo (PO; PLAC) 2 hours after administration of LPS. Plasma APAP was analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Serial CBC, lactate, serum amyloid A, heart rate and rectal temperature were evaluated. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were evaluated by an equine-specific multiplex assay. RESULTS Mean maximum plasma APAP concentration was 13.97 ± 2.74 μg/mL within 0.6 ± 0.3 hour after administration. At 4 and 6 hours after treatment, both APAP (P = <.001, P = .03, respectively) and FLU (P = .0045 and P < .001, respectively) had a significantly greater decrease in rectal temperature compared to placebo. FLU caused greater heart rate reduction than APAP at 4 and 6 hours (P = .004 and P = .04), and PLAC at 4 hours (P = .05) after treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in endotoxemic horses differ from those reported by previous studies in healthy horses. Acetaminophen is an option for antipyresis in clinical cases, particularly when administration of traditional NSAIDs is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Mercer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Harold C McKenzie
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kristen M Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Schaefer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - R McAlister Council-Troche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Yan D, Niu S, Hu D, Dong W, Sun Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Gu Q, Liu G, Wang J, Chen L, Lv J, Zheng Q, Song H, Fang Y. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and immunogenicity of Gerilimzumab (GB224), a recombinant humanized interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, in healthy Chinese adults: A randomized controlled dose-escalation study. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:161-170. [PMID: 36755413 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2178894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of Gerilimzumab (GB224), a recombinant humanized IgG1λ monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6, in healthy Chinese adults. METHODS Fifty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to receive a single subcutaneous dose of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 mg GB224 or placebo. Safety assessments were performed, and blood samples were collected for PK, PD, and immunogenicity analyses during a follow-up of 112 days. RESULTS The most frequent adverse event was decreased fibrinogen (43.1%). GB224 was absorbed relatively fast with a median Tmax of 48 h (24-168 h) but eliminated slowly with a long mean half-life (839.38-981.63 h). Dose proportionality was shown to be in the dose range of 10-30 mg. A dose-dependent increase in serum interleukin-6 concentration from baseline was observed in the subjects receiving GB224. Only two subjects tested positive for antidrug antibodies after administration of GB224. CONCLUSION GB224 had a well-tolerated safety profile, desirable PK, and a low immunogenicity following a single-dose subcutaneous administration in healthy Chinese subjects. These findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diqin Yan
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suping Niu
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingyuan Hu
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenliang Dong
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjuan Sun
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qun Gu
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Units, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- The Center for Drug Clinical Research of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Metabolism of Telacebec (Q203) for the Treatment of Tuberculosis: a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple Ascending Dose Phase 1B Trial. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0112322. [PMID: 36507677 PMCID: PMC9872581 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01123-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A phase 1b, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multiple ascending dose study (NCT02858973) was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the new antituberculosis agent telacebec (Q203). A total of 47 healthy adult subjects entered the study; 36 received telacebec, and 11 received placebo. Telacebec at doses of 20, 50, 100, 160, 250, and 320 mg was orally administered once daily with a standard meal for 14 days. Multiple oral doses of telacebec up to 320 mg daily for 14 days appeared to be safe and well tolerated by healthy adult subjects in this study. There were no deaths, serious adverse events, or subject discontinuations due to adverse events. Following oral doses of telacebec, the overall extent (AUCτ) and peak (Cmax) exposures of telacebec increased from 538.94 to 10,098.47 ng·h/mL and from 76.43 to 1502.33 ng/mL, respectively, with increasing telacebec doses from 20 mg to 320 mg. A steady state was achieved for plasma telacebec by day 12, and there was 1.9- to 3.1-fold accumulation in the extent of telacebec exposure after daily doses for 14 days. Analysis of plasma samples from the participants indicated that telacebec was the primary circulating entity with no significant metabolites. Three potential metabolites of telacebec have been identified, which may be relatively minimal compared to the parent drug. Consistent with findings from preclinical and previous single-dose clinical studies, these results also support the potential of telacebec for further development as a safe and effective agent for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Results from a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, multiple ascending dose study characterizing the pharmacokinetics and demonstrating the safety and selectivity of the aldosterone synthase inhibitor baxdrostat in healthy volunteers. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:108-118. [PMID: 36266539 PMCID: PMC9747611 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Baxdrostat is a selective inhibitor of aldosterone synthase designed for the treatment of disorders associated with elevated aldosterone. This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple ascending doses of baxdrostat in healthy volunteers. Subjects were randomized to receive oral baxdrostat (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, or 5.0 mg) or placebo once daily for 10 days and were placed on either a low-salt or normal-salt diet for the duration of the study. Blood samples were collected before and after dosing on days 1 and 10 to characterize pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Safety was assessed by adverse events, physical examinations, electrocardiograms, orthostatic vital signs, and clinical laboratory evaluations. Fifty-four subjects completed the study. There were no deaths or serious adverse events, and all treatment-emergent adverse events in subjects receiving baxdrostat were mild in severity. Plasma levels of baxdrostat increased proportionally with ascending doses, with peak concentrations observed within 4 h after dosing and a mean half-life of 26 to 31 h. A dose-dependent reduction of plasma aldosterone occurred with baxdrostat doses ≥1.5 mg, regardless of diet. Decreases in plasma aldosterone were sustained, with levels reduced by approximately 51 to 73% on day 10. Baxdrostat had no meaningful impact on plasma cortisol levels and resulted in mild dose-dependent decreases in plasma sodium levels and increases in potassium levels. Baxdrostat was safe and well tolerated with a half-life that supports once-daily dosing. The dose-dependent reduction in plasma aldosterone and lack of effect on cortisol demonstrate the selective blockade of aldosterone synthase.
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Huang K, Ding Y, Que L, Chu N, Shi Y, Qian Z, Qin W, Chen Y, Gu X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Xu J, He Q. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of WXFL10203614 in healthy Chinese subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ⅰ study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057949. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of WXFL10203614 after single and multiple oral doses in healthy Chinese subjects.Methods: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ⅰ study was performed on healthy Chinese subjects. In the single-dose study, Subjects were randomized into 7 dose levels of WXFL10203614 (1 mg group, n = 2; 2, 5, 10, 17, 25 and 33 mg groups with placebo, 8 subjects per group, 2 of them given placebo). In the multiple-dose study, subjects received 5 or 10 mg WXFL10203614 once daily (QD), 5 mg twice daily (BID) or placebo for 7 consecutive days. Safety, tolerability and PK of WXFL10203614 were all assessed.Results: A total of 592 subjects were screened, 50 subjects were enrolled in the single-dose study and 30 in the multiple-dose study. All adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate and resolved spontaneously. No Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) or deaths were reported during the study. WXFL10203614 was absorbed rapidly after dosing with Tmax of 0.48–0.98 h, Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were all increased in a dose-related manner over the range of 1–33 mg. Renal excretion was the major route of elimination of WXFL10203614. Steady-state PK parameters (Cmax,ss, AUC0-t,ss and AUC0-∞,ss) were elevated after once-daily administration of 5–10 mg WXFL10203614 and non- and weak drug accumulations were observed, whereas moderate drug accumulation occurred in the 5 mg BID group.Conclusion: WXFL10203614 exhibited good safety, tolerability and favorable PK profiles in healthy Chinese subjects, supporting further clinical development in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical Trials Registration Number:http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html, #CTR20190069 and CTR20200143.
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Liao M, Beltman J, Giordano H, Harding TC, Maloney L, Simmons AD, Xiao JJ. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Rucaparib. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:1477-1493. [PMID: 36107395 PMCID: PMC9652254 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rucaparib is an oral small-molecule poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor indicated for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer in the maintenance and treatment settings and for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer associated with a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Rucaparib has a manageable safety profile; the most common adverse events reported were fatigue and nausea in both indications. Accumulation in plasma exposure occurred after repeated administration of the approved 600-mg twice-daily dosage. Steady state was achieved after continuous twice-daily dosing for a week. Rucaparib has moderate oral bioavailability and can be dosed with or without food. Although a high-fat meal weakly increased maximum concentration and area under the curve, the effect was not clinically significant. A mass balance analysis indicated almost a complete dose recovery of rucaparib over 12 days, with metabolism, renal, and hepatic excretion as the elimination routes. A population pharmacokinetic analysis of rucaparib revealed no effect of age, sex, race, or body weight. No starting dose adjustments were necessary for patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic or renal impairment; the effect of severe organ impairment on rucaparib exposure has not been evaluated. In patients, rucaparib moderately inhibited cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and weakly inhibited CYP3As, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. Rucaparib weakly increased systemic exposures of oral contraceptives and oral rosuvastatin and marginally increased the exposure of oral digoxin (a P-glycoprotein substrate). In vitro studies suggested that rucaparib inhibits transporters MATE1, MATE2-K, OCT1, and OCT2. No clinically meaningful drug interactions with rucaparib as a perpetrator were observed. An exposure-response analysis revealed dose-dependent changes in selected clinical efficacy and safety endpoints. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug-drug interactions, effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and exposure-response relationships of rucaparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiang Liao
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Jeri Beltman
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Heidi Giordano
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Thomas C Harding
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Lara Maloney
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Andrew D Simmons
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Jim J Xiao
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
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Plasma Protein Binding Rate and Pharmacokinetics of Lekethromycin in Rats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091241. [PMID: 36140019 PMCID: PMC9494998 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lekethromycin (LKMS), a novel macrolide lactone, is still unclear regarding its absorption. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate the characteristics of LKMS in rats. We chose the ultrafiltration method to measure the plasma protein binding rate of LKMS. As a result, LKMS was characterized by quick absorption, delayed elimination, and extensive distribution in rats following intramuscular (im) and subcutaneous (sc) administration. Moreover, LKMS has a high protein binding rate (78–91%) in rats at a concentration range of 10–800 ng/mL. LKMS bioavailability was found to be approximately 84–139% and 52–77% after im and sc administration, respectively; however, LKMS was found to have extremely poor bioavailability after oral administration (po) in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters cannot be considered linearly correlated with the administered dose. Additionally, LKMS and its corresponding metabolites were shown to be metabolically stable in the liver microsomes of rats, dogs, pigs, and humans. Notably, only one phase I metabolite was identified during in vitro study, suggesting most of drug was not converted. Collectively, LKMS had quick absorption but poor absorption after oral administration, extensive tissue distribution, metabolic stability, and slow elimination in rats.
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Bauer A, Kagedal M, Wolfsegger MJ. Assessment of pharmacokinetic linearity after repeated drug administration. Pharm Stat 2022; 21:932-943. [PMID: 35297534 DOI: 10.1002/pst.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of drug concentration time courses after different dosing scenarios is greatly facilitated if the pharmacokinetics (PK) can be assumed linear. The assumption of linear PK thus needs careful evaluation for any new drug in development. Under linear PK, exposure is proportional to dose (linear PK across doses) and exposure at steady state can be predicted from a single dose based on the superposition principle (linear PK over time). While investigation of dose-proportionality is common practice, evaluation of time dependent PK has received less attention in the literature. In particular, the superposition principle can be used to assess whether the observed extent of accumulation after repeated administration is expected under the premise of linear PK. This work emphasizes the importance of the time related aspect of linear PK by introducing the predictability ratio (PR). Linear PK over time can be concluded if PR = 1. Accumulation is higher than expected if PR >1, and lower if PR <1. If PK data from multiple dose cohorts are available, the PR is assessed for each dose cohort and a supportive hypothesis test can be applied to test for potential differences between doses in PR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matts Kagedal
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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Bernard MC, Waldock J, Commandeur S, Strauß L, Trombetta CM, Marchi S, Zhou F, van de Witte S, van Amsterdam P, Ho S, Hoschler K, Lugovtsev V, Weir JP, Montomoli E, Cox RJ, Engelhardt OG, Friel D, Wagner R, Ollinger T, Germain S, Sediri-Schön H. Validation of a Harmonized Enzyme-Linked-Lectin-Assay (ELLA-NI) Based Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Quantification of N1 Influenza Antibodies and the Use of a Calibrator to Improve the Reproducibility of the ELLA-NI With Reverse Genetics Viral and Recombinant Neuraminidase Antigens: A FLUCOP Collaborative Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909297. [PMID: 35784305 PMCID: PMC9248865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current vaccination strategies against influenza focus on generating an antibody response against the viral haemagglutination surface protein, however there is increasing interest in neuraminidase (NA) as a target for vaccine development. A critical tool for development of vaccines that target NA or include an NA component is available validated serology assays for quantifying anti-NA antibodies. Additionally serology assays have a critical role in defining correlates of protection in vaccine development and licensure. Standardisation of these assays is important for consistent and accurate results. In this study we first validated a harmonized enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA)- Neuraminidase Inhibition (NI) SOP for N1 influenza antigen and demonstrated the assay was precise, linear, specific and robust within classical acceptance criteria for neutralization assays for vaccine testing. Secondly we tested this SOP with NA from influenza B viruses and showed the assay performed consistently with both influenza A and B antigens. Third, we demonstrated that recombinant NA (rNA) could be used as a source of antigen in ELLA-NI. In addition to validating a harmonized SOP we finally demonstrated a clear improvement in inter-laboratory agreement across several studies by using a calibrator. Importantly we showed that the use of a calibrator significantly improved agreement when using different sources of antigen in ELLA-NI, namely reverse genetics viruses and recombinant NA. We provide a freely available and detailed harmonized SOP for ELLA-NI. Our results add to the growing body of evidence in support of developing biological standards for influenza serology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Waldock
- Influenza Resource Centre, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Commandeur
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Lea Strauß
- Section viral vaccines, Virology Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fan Zhou
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Sammy Ho
- UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vladimir Lugovtsev
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jerry P. Weir
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Rebecca J. Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Othmar G. Engelhardt
- Influenza Resource Centre, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ralf Wagner
- Section viral vaccines, Virology Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | - Hanna Sediri-Schön
- Section viral vaccines, Virology Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hanna Sediri-Schön,
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Niu S, Chen M, Yan D, Liu X, Guo S, Ou L, Fan H, Lv J, Wang Q, Dong W, Xia L, Wang S, Liu G, Gu Q, Guo D, Liu H, Rao H, Zheng Q, Nie X, Song H, Fang Y. A Randomized Controlled Dose-Escalation Study of LY06006, a Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody to RANKL, in Chinese Healthy Adults. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893166. [PMID: 35784742 PMCID: PMC9240259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to explore the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of LY06006, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to RANKL, when administrated subcutaneously in Chinese healthy adults. Research design and methods: This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study performed in 32 healthy Chinese adults, who were randomly assigned to receive a single injection dose of 18, 60, 120 mg study drug or placebo with a follow-up of 140–252 days. Results: No deaths or drug-related serious adverse events occurred. LY06006 was rapidly absorbed in the 60 mg group with a Tmax range of 120–480 h and serum LY06006 concentrations decreased slowly 11–13 days after dosing with a long mean (SD) half-life of 389.58 (63.44) h. The most frequent AEs were elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level (83.3%), hypocalcemia (54.2%), and hypophosphatemia (45.8%). None of the 32 subjects tested positive for anti-drug antibody during the trial. Conclusion: Single-dose subcutaneous administration of LY06006 was safe and well-tolerated in healthy Chinese adults. Cmax showed linear pharmacokinetic characteristics in the dose range of 18–120 mg based on dose-exposure proportionality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Niu
- Department of Science and Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Diqin Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuren Guo
- Shandong Boan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Lun Ou
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Huaying Fan
- Department of Science and Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Units, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenliang Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danjie Guo
- Department of Science and Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Rao
- Department of Science and Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- The Center for Drug Clinical Research of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Nie
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Nie, ; Haifeng Song, ; Yi Fang,
| | - Haifeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Nie, ; Haifeng Song, ; Yi Fang,
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Nie, ; Haifeng Song, ; Yi Fang,
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Braeckman R, Guenther S, Mickle TC, Barrett AC, Smith A, Oh C. Dose Proportionality and Steady-State Pharmacokinetics of Serdexmethylphenidate/Dexmethylphenidate, a Novel Prodrug Combination to Treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2022; 32:288-295. [PMID: 35666231 PMCID: PMC9245728 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2022.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The study was designed to determine (1) the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH) after oral administration of three dosage strengths of a new treatment containing d-MPH and a novel prodrug, serdexmethylphenidate (SDX); (2) the dose proportionality of the different SDX/d-MPH dosages; and (3) the steady-state PK profile of d-MPH and SDX after multiple dosing of SDX/d-MPH. Methods: Twenty-three healthy volunteers (aged 18-55 years) under fasted conditions received in a crossover design SDX/d-MPH 26.1/5.2 mg (Treatment A), 39.2/7.8 mg (Treatment B), and 52.3/10.4 mg (Treatment C) for a total d-MPH hydrochloride equivalent dose of 20, 30, and 40 mg, respectively. After a 96-hour washout period, all participants received four consecutive daily doses of SDX/d-MPH 52.3/10.4 mg. Blood samples were collected for measurement of plasma d-MPH and SDX and for PK analysis. Results: Administration of all three doses of SDX/d-MPH resulted in a rapid rise and slow decline in the plasma concentration of d-MPH. For Treatments A, B, and C, mean (± standard deviation) maximum concentrations (Cmax) were 7.1 ± 2.1, 9.8 ± 2.8, and 13.8 ± 3.8 ng/mL, and overall exposures (AUC0-last) were 97.2 ± 28.8, 142.5 ± 41.2, and 199.8 ± 57.2 h*ng/mL, respectively. Dose-normalized Cmax, AUC0-last, and AUC0-inf for d-MPH were similar when comparing the high and low doses versus the middle dose. Power model regression analysis revealed that Cmax and AUC0-inf proportionally increased with an increase in SDX/d-MPH dose. In the multiple-dose study, d-MPH reached steady state before the third dose, and SDX after the first dose. Conclusion: The PK profile of SDX/d-MPH is characterized by a rapid rise and a gradual decline in d-MPH concentration, with proportional Cmax and AUC0-inf across doses. The PK attributes of SDX/d-MPH may optimize symptom control from early morning to early evening, while the demonstrated dose proportionality may facilitate initial dose titration and ongoing dose adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Braeckman
- KemPharm, Inc., Celebration, Florida, USA.,Address correspondence to: Rene Braeckman, PhD, KemPharm, Inc., 1180 Celebration Blvd, Suite 103, Celebration, FL 34747, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adam Smith
- KemPharm, Inc., Celebration, Florida, USA
| | - Charles Oh
- Corium, Inc., Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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Liu Y, Tan Y, Wei G, Lu Z, Liu Y, Yang B, Hui AM, Li K. Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of pretomanid in healthy Chinese adults: Results of a phase I single dose escalation study. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2022; 73-74:102132. [PMID: 35595003 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of pretomanid (formerly PA-824) in healthy Chinese volunteers. This was a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I dose escalation study, in which healthy volunteers were consecutively allocated to increasing pretomanid dose groups (50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, or 1000 mg) and randomized to receive pretomanid or matching placebo. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety, tolerability and PK profile of pretomanid. In total, 306 volunteers were screened, and 60 were assigned to treatment (pretomanid: n = 46, placebo: n = 14) of whom 83.3% were male, age ranged from 19 to 39 years and BMI ranged from 19.2 to 25.9 kg/m2. At least one adverse event (AE) was reported by 67.4% of subjects assigned to pretomanid and 50.0% of those who received placebo, there were no serious AEs or AEs leading to withdrawal. Drug-related events that occurred in ≥5% of participants assigned to pretomanid were proteinuria (26.1%), insignificant microscopic hematuria (15.2%), conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (6.5%), hyperbilirubinemia (6.5%) and elevated uric acid (6.5%). No relationship between pretomanid dose and AEs was observed. In the PK analysis (n = 46), maximum pretomanid plasma concentration was reached in a median of 4 h in all dose groups except 800 mg (12 h) and the plasma half-life ranged from 20.2 to 25.2 h. No dose proportionality was observed for maximum plasma concentration, or area under the plasma concentration curve. In conclusion, single pretomanid doses from 50 to 1000 mg were well tolerated in healthy Chinese participants and the PK profile was generally consistent with findings in non-Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Global R&D Center, Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development, Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Global R&D Center, Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development, Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifei Lu
- Global R&D Center, Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development, Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhou Liu
- Shenyang Hongqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Shenyang Hongqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Ai-Min Hui
- Global R&D Center, Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development, Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kexin Li
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing, China.
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Mercer MA, McKenzie HC, Byron CR, Pleasant RS, Bogers SH, Council-Troche RM, Werre SR, Burns T, Davis JL. Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) in adult horses with mechanically induced lameness. Equine Vet J 2022; 55:524-533. [PMID: 35633196 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen has been used clinically in horses alone or combined with traditional NSAIDs for treatment of musculoskeletal pain in horses. OBJECTIVES To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen at two doses in horses with mechanically induced lameness compared to phenylbutazone or placebo control. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experiment. METHODS Nine healthy mares with mechanical lameness induced via a reversible sole pressure horseshoe model were treated with acetaminophen (20 mg/kg PO; A20), acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO; A30), phenylbutazone (2.2 mg/kg, PO; PB) and oral placebo (C) in a randomised 4-way Latin square model. Plasma concentrations for A20 and A30 were analysed via LC-MS/MS and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Heart rate and heart rate variability were measured using a portable telemetry. Lameness was scored by three blinded boarded equine surgeons using the AAEP and 10-point scales. RESULTS Mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) for A20 was 20.01 ug/mL within 0.66h (Tmax ) after administration; The mean Cmax for A30 was 30.02 ug/mL with a Tmax of 0.43 h. Post-treatment heart rate for A30 was significantly lower than A20 at 1 and 7 h; lower than PB at 2, 3, 4.5, and 7 h; lower than C at 2, 3.5, 4.5, 6, 7, and 8 h. 10-point Lameness scores were significantly improved for A30 than C at 2 and 4 h post-treatment; PB was significantly improved than C at 8 h post treatment. There were no significant differences in lameness between A20, A30, and PB. MAIN LIMITATIONS Small sample size, lack of objective lameness measurement. CONCLUSIONS Acetaminophen at 30 mg/kg produced a more rapid improvement in lameness scores and heart rate compared to other treatments in this model. Further evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and safety of repeated oral dosing of acetaminophen at 30 mg/kg is needed to determine clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Mercer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Harold C McKenzie
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Christopher R Byron
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Robert S Pleasant
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Sophie H Bogers
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Roberto M Council-Troche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Travis Burns
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
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Heinig R, Nagelschmitz J, Loewen S. Results From Phase I Studies Investigating the Dose Linearity of Finerenone Tablets and the Influence of Food or pH-Modifying Comedications on its Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Male Volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:549-559. [PMID: 35612708 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Finerenone is a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that reduces the risk of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical phase I studies with finerenone were carried out to assess its pharmacokinetics and the influence of common covariables on its absorption after oral administration. METHODS Three crossover studies in healthy male volunteers with single-dose administration of finerenone investigated the dose linearity of a film-coated tablet (1.25-10 mg [n = 24] and 10-20 mg [n = 18]), the effect of food on the 20 mg tablet (n = 18), and the effects of the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole (4 days pre-treatment and co-administration 2 h before finerenone) and an aluminum/magnesium hydroxide-containing antacid (10 mL [Maalox®] 70 mVal, simultaneous intake) on the 10 mg tablet (n = 10 and n = 11, respectively). RESULTS Finerenone was rapidly absorbed (time to reach maximum plasma concentration [tmax] was 0.50-0.75 h). Area under the curve from zero to infinity (AUC∞) and the maximum concentration (Cmax) increased in proportion to dose in the range investigated in clinical phase II and phase III studies (1.25-20 mg), with point estimates for the ratio of dose-normalized AUC∞ and Cmax (20 mg/10 mg, approved therapeutic doses) of 0.9943 and 0.9301. After the administration of finerenone 20 mg with a high-fat, high-calorie meal, AUC∞ increased (+ 21%), Cmax decreased (-19%), and tmax was prolonged (2.47 vs. 0.75 h) when compared with the fasting state. Omeprazole had no effect on finerenone AUC∞ and Cmax. Maalox had no effect on finerenone AUC∞ and led to a non-clinically-relevant decrease in Cmax (-19%). CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetics of the finerenone film-coated tablet were linear. High-fat, high-calorie food had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of finerenone. In addition, pH-modifying comedications were not found to alter the pharmacokinetics of finerenone and were deemed safe for co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Heinig
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Translational Medicine, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Johannes Nagelschmitz
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Translational Medicine, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
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Zhang H, Gao L, Lou J, Wu M, Chen H, Yang L, Liu J, Zhu X, Li X, Li C, Wang M, Liu C, Guo W, Wang Y, Gao Z, Han L, Wang D, Jin W, Ding Y. First-In-Human Study on Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Single and Multiple Escalating Doses of Hepenofovir, a Novel Hepatic Targeting Prodrug of Tenofovir in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873588. [PMID: 35662718 PMCID: PMC9161552 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hepenofovir, a novel hepatic targeting prodrug of tenofovir, has been developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This is a first-in-human study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability of single and multiple escalating doses of hepenofovir in healthy Chinese subjects. Methods: This phase Ia study included two parts: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled single-ascending-dose (SAD) (25-200 mg) study under fasted conditions comprising a food-effect investigation (200 mg) and a multiple-ascending-dose (MAD) (25 mg) study under fasted conditions. Results: Hepenofovir was well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. There was no significant difference in adverse reaction rates between hepenofovir and placebo groups. Hepenofovir was rapidly absorbed and metabolized into tenofovir after dosing. In healthy participants, the median Tmax of hepenofovir and tenofovir was 0.33-0.50 h and 0.62-0.75 h, respectively, and their mean half-life was 2.5-12.3 h and 49.7-53.8 h, respectively. Systemic exposure to tenofovir increased in proportion to the dose. The mean accumulation indexes of hepenofovir and tenofovir were 1.1 vs. 1.8. Moreover, food could reduce the Cmax of both hepenofovir and tenofovir, but did not affect their area under the curve (AUC). Conclusions: Hepenofovir has shown a favorable safety and PK profile, which support the further evaluation of its safety and efficacy in CHB patients. Clinical trial registration number: The trial is registered at Chinese Clinical Trial website (http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html # CTR20191953).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jinfeng Lou
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Min Wu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Lizhi Yang
- Nanguan District Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center of Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jingrui Liu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Cuiyun Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Chengjiao Liu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Weibo Guo
- Xi’an Xintong Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd., Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Xi’an Xintong Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd., Xi’an, China
| | - Zhongqiang Gao
- Xi’an Xintong Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd., Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Han
- Xi’an Xintong Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd., Xi’an, China
| | - Daidi Wang
- Xi’an Xintong Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd., Xi’an, China
| | - Weili Jin
- Xi’an Xintong Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd., Xi’an, China
| | - Yanhua Ding
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Sheng XY, Liu ZY, Zhao J, Song L, Zhao WM, Zhao X, Cui YM. Safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of thrombopoietin mimetic peptide for injection in Chinese healthy volunteers: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Platelets 2022; 33:1185-1191. [PMID: 35549802 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2073344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The thrombopoietin mimetic peptide for injection is a second-generation thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) used in the treatment of patients with immune thrombocytopenia. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of thrombopoietin mimetic peptide for injection in Chinese healthy volunteers. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalation study was conducted in healthy Chinese subjects aged 18-50 years. Thirty subjects received single subcutaneous injection of 0.3 μg/kg, 1.0 μg/kg, 2.0 μg/kg thrombopoietin mimetic peptide or placebo. Thrombopoietin mimetic peptide was safe and well tolerated at doses of 0.3-2.0 μg/kg. There was no significant change in mean platelet count (PLT) from baseline at the 0.3 μg/kg or placebo groups. The mean PLT of subjects in the 1.0 μg/kg and 2.0 μg/kg groups peaked at day 12 (± 1), began to decline around day 17, and returned to the baseline level at day 28 (± 1). Platelet aggregation rates of the three dose groups showed no significant change before and after administration. Serum concentrations of thrombopoietin mimetic peptide in all subjects were below the quantization limit. This was the first study to demonstrate that subcutaneous injection of thrombopoietin mimetic peptide at doses of 0.3-2.0 μg/kg was safe and well tolerated in Chinese healthy subjects. As a second-generation TPO-RA, thrombopoietin mimetic peptide is effective at improving PLT after single subcutaneous injection at dose of ≥1 μg/kg.Plain language summaryWhat is the context?● Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare, serious autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelet count (PLT) without an alternate cause. The treatment goal of ITP is to increase the platelet count to a safe level that can stop active bleeding and reduce the risks of future bleeding.● Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs, e.g. eltrombopag, avatrombopag, hetrombopag, and romiplostim) have shown high response rates in stimulating platelet production and reducing the risk of bleeding. TPO-RAs provide ITP patients with well-tolerated, long-term treatment choices.What is new?● The thrombopoietin mimetic peptide for injection is a new TPO-RAs developed by Shandong Quangang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (China).● This study showed that thrombopoietin mimetic peptide is effective at improving PLT after a single subcutaneous injection.● The thrombopoietin mimetic peptide is safe and well-tolerated in Chinese healthy subjects.What is the impact?● This study provides evidence for the further development potential of the thrombopoietin mimetic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- Research and Development Center, Shandong Quangang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Ming Zhao
- Research and Development Center, Shandong Quangang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Min Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Manzo J, Puhalla S, Pahuja S, Ding F, Lin Y, Appleman L, Tawbi H, Stoller R, Lee JJ, Diergaarde B, Kiesel BF, Yu J, Tan AR, Belani CP, Chew H, Garcia AA, Morgan RJ, Wahner Hendrickson AE, Visscher DW, Hurley RM, Kaufmann SH, Swisher EM, Oesterreich S, Katz T, Ji J, Zhang Y, Parchment RE, Chen A, Duan W, Giranda V, Shepherd SP, Ivy SP, Chu E, Beumer JH. A phase 1 and pharmacodynamic study of chronically-dosed, single-agent veliparib (ABT-888) in patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated cancer or platinum-refractory ovarian or triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:721-735. [PMID: 35435472 PMCID: PMC9116722 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutated cancers (BRCAmut) have intrinsic sensitivity to PARP inhibitors due to deficiency in homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. There are similarities between BRCAmut and BRCAwt ovarian and basal-like breast cancers. This phase I study determined the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and preliminary efficacy of the PARP inhibitor, veliparib (ABT-888), in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (n = 98) were dosed with veliparib 50-500 mg twice daily (BID). The BRCAmut cohort (n = 70) contained predominantly ovarian (53%) and breast (23%) cancers; the BRCAwt cohort (n = 28) consisted primarily of breast cancer (86%). The MTD, DLT, adverse events, PK, PD, and clinical response were assessed. RESULTS DLTs were grade 3 nausea/vomiting at 400 mg BID in a BRCAmut carrier, grade 2 seizure at 400 mg BID in a patient with BRCAwt cancer, and grade 2 seizure at 500 mg BID in a BRCAmut carrier. Common toxicities included nausea (65%), fatigue (45%), and lymphopenia (38%). Grade 3/4 toxicities were rare (highest lymphopenia at 15%). Overall response rate (ORR) was 23% (95% CI 13-35%) in BRCAmut overall, and 37% (95% CI 21-55%) at 400 mg BID and above. In BRCAwt, ORR was 8% (95% CI 1-26%), and clinical benefit rate was 16% (95% CI 4-36%), reflecting prolonged stable disease in some patients. PK was linear with dose and was correlated with response and nausea. CONCLUSIONS Continuous veliparib is safe and tolerable. The RP2D was 400 mg BID. There is evidence of clinical activity of veliparib in patients with BRCAmut and BRCAwt cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Manzo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shannon Puhalla
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shalu Pahuja
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Ding
- Biostatistics Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Biostatistics Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonard Appleman
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald Stoller
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian F Kiesel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Antoinette R Tan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chandra P Belani
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Helen Chew
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Agustin A Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert J Morgan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel W Visscher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rachel M Hurley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Swisher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiuping Ji
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ralph E Parchment
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alice Chen
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenrui Duan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, The Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - S Percy Ivy
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Single Ascending-Dose Study To Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Sutezolid in Healthy Adult Subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0210821. [PMID: 35285241 PMCID: PMC9017382 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02108-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of single oral doses of sutezolid tablets administered under fasting conditions in healthy adult subjects. The secondary objective was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of sutezolid and two metabolites, PNU-101603 and PNU-101244. Overall, sutezolid was well tolerated when administered as a 300-mg, 600-mg, 1,200-mg, or 1,800-mg dose in healthy adult subjects under fasting conditions. Maximum concentration (Cmax) of sutezolid, PNU-101603, and PNU-101244 increased in a less-than-proportional manner with an increase in sutezolid dose between 300 mg and 1,800 mg. Total exposure (AUClast [area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration] and AUCinf [area under the plasma concentration time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity]) of sutezolid, PNU-101603, and PNU-101244 increased proportionally with an increase in sutezolid dose.
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Klein S, Gashaw I, Baumann S, Chang X, Hummel T, Thuß U, Friedrich C. First-in-human study of eliapixant (BAY 1817080), a highly selective P2X3 receptor antagonist: tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:4552-4564. [PMID: 35437837 PMCID: PMC9546310 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Neuronal hypersensitisation due to adenosine triphosphate‐dependent P2X3 receptor signalling plays a significant role in several disorders including chronic cough and endometriosis. This first‐in‐human study of eliapixant (BAY 1817080) investigated the tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single doses of eliapixant, including the effect of food and coadministration with a CYP3A inhibitor on eliapixant relative bioavailability. Methods In this randomised, double‐blind phase I study (NCT02817100), 88 healthy male subjects received single ascending doses of immediate‐release eliapixant (10–800 mg) tablets or placebo under fasted conditions, with food (low‐fat continental or high‐fat American breakfast) or with itraconazole (fasted state). PK parameters, dose proportionality, adverse events and taste assessments (taste strips; dysgeusia questionnaire) were evaluated. Results Eliapixant had a long half‐life (23.5–58.9 h [fasted state]; 32.8–43.8 h [high‐fat breakfast]; 38.9–46.0 h [low‐fat breakfast]). Less than dose‐proportional increases in maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC[0–inf]) were observed with ascending eliapixant doses. We observed a pronounced food effect with the high‐fat breakfast (4.1‐fold increased Cmax; 2.7‐fold increased AUC[0–inf]), a smaller food effect with the low‐fat breakfast and a mild‐to‐moderate effect of itraconazole coadministration on eliapixant (1.1–1.2‐fold increased Cmax; 1.7‐fold increased AUC from 0 to 72 h). Eliapixant was well tolerated with minimal impact on taste perception. Conclusion The PK profile, particularly the long half‐life, and favourable tolerability with no taste‐related adverse events, supports the further development of eliapixant in disorders with underlying P2X3 receptor‐mediated neuronal hypersensitisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Gashaw
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.,Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Xinying Chang
- Merck Serono, Beijing, China.,Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Lee DY, Kang HE. Pharmacokinetics of DA-6886, A New 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist, in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040702. [PMID: 35456538 PMCID: PMC9024849 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DA-6886 is a novel serotonin (5-hydroxytrypamine [5-HT]) receptor 4 agonist for the potential treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. The purpose of this study was to validate the quantitative assay of DA-6886 in rat plasma and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DA-6886 in rats. The liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the robust quantification of DA-6886 in rat plasma was successfully validated and applied to the pharmacokinetic studies in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of DA-6886 in rats were evaluated following single intravenous or oral administration at three dose levels (2, 10, and 20 mg/kg). DA-6886 exhibited a smaller dose-normalized area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) values and faster clearances in the low-dose group than in the high-dose group following both intravenous and oral administration. The steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) of DA-6886 was relatively large (4.91–7.84 L/kg), which was consistent with its high distribution to the liver, kidney, lung, and digestive tract, and was dose-independent. After oral administration, the extent of absolute bioavailability (F) tended to increase (18.9–55.0%) with an increasing dose. The slope of the log-transformed AUC and/or Cmax values versus log dose was greater than unity and greater for oral administration (~1.9) than for intravenous administration (~1.1). Because the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of DA-6886 was more obviously observed after oral administration, it appears that the saturation of pre-systemic intestinal and/or hepatic first-pass extraction of DA-6886 at high doses occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Lee
- Research Center, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Korea;
| | - Hee Eun Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4055
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Jiang YY, Zhang YJ, Zhu ZQ, Huang YD, Zhou DC, Liu JC, Li CY, Liu J, Liu B, Zhang WS. Adamgammadex in patients to reverse a moderate rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:3760-3770. [PMID: 35304924 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM this study was to investigate the effectiveness, safety, and pharmacokinetics of adamgammadex in surgical patients, and it was approved by the Clinical Trial Ethics Sub-Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2018-Clinical Trial-58). METHODS Forty-eight patients aged 18-64 years were randomized to receive adamgammadex (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg.kg-1) or placebo at ratio of 10:2 for reversal of 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. Neuromuscular function was monitored by TOF-Watch® SX. When the T2 of train-of-four (TOF) reappeared at the end of surgery, patients received an intravenous administration of adamgammadex or placebo. RESULTS the recovery time of the TOF ratio to 0.9 decreased significantly from 39.3 [29.5, 50.2] min in the group that received placebo to 3.0 [2.3, 3.9] min, p < 0.0001; 2.1 [1.5, 3.0] min, p < 0.0001; 2.1 [1.8, 3.3] min, p < 0.0001; and 1.8 [1.5, 2.2] min, p < 0.0001 in the 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg.kg-1 adamgammadex group, respectively. Then, adamgammadex also showed a shortened recovery time for the TOF ratio recovered to 0.8 and 0.7. Adamgammadex was well-tolerated, and no case in anaphylactic reactions, post-operative bleeding, recurarization, basic vital signs, and QT intervals were observed. The pharmacokinetics of adamgammadex in plasma increased in dose-dependent manner. The 24-h cumulative fraction of adamgammadex in urine was 65-83%, and that of rocuronium was increased after using adamgammadex from 15% to about 25-30%. CONCLUSION Adamgammadex was found to be effective for reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block, and it was safe and well-tolerated in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhao Qiong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Dan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Da Chun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Chen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Yu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Sheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cheng W, Wu S, Yuan Z, Hu W, Yu X, Kang N, Wang Q, Zhu M, Xia K, Yang W, Kang C, Zhang S, Li Y. Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion Characteristics of a Radix Polygoni Multiflori Extract in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:827668. [PMID: 35264960 PMCID: PMC8899820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.827668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although progress has been achieved in the pharmacological activity and toxicity of Radix Polygoni Multiflori (RPM), the chemical basis of its toxicity is still unclear. Here, we performed a multicompound pharmacokinetic analysis and investigated the tissue distribution and excretion characteristics of RPM components after oral administration in rats. The findings demonstrated that the active ingredients of the RPM extract were quickly absorbed after oral administration, with high exposure levels of emodin, 2,3,5,4′-teterahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), citreorosein, torachrysone-8-O-glucoside (TG), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (EG), and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside (PG). The tissue distributions of emodin, TSG, TG, EG, and PG were high in the liver and kidney. These components were the key contributors to the effectiveness and toxicity of RPM on the liver and kidney. Most of the active ingredients were mainly excreted through feces and bile, while a few were converted into other products in the body and excreted through urine and feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Cheng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyang Wu
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyu Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nianxin Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiutao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mingying Zhu
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Xia
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Kang
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfei Li
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Margolin DH, Brice NL, Davidson A, Matthews KL, Carlton MBL. A Phase I, First-In-Human, Healthy Volunteer Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of CVN424, a Novel GPR6 Inverse Agonist for Parkinson's Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:33-41. [PMID: 35110393 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CVN424 is a novel small molecule and first-in-class candidate therapeutic to selectively modulate GPR6, an orphan G-protein coupled receptor. Expression of GPR6 is largely confined to the subset of striatal projection neurons that give rise to the indirect (striatopallidal) pathway, important in the control of movement. CVN424 improves motor function in preclinical animal models of Parkinson's disease. Here we report results of a phase 1, first-in-human study investigating the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of CVN424 in healthy volunteers. The study (NCT03657030) was randomized, double-blind, and placebo controlled. CVN424 was orally administered in ascending doses to successive cohorts as inpatients in a clinical research unit. Single doses ranged from 1 mg to 225 mg, and repeated (7 day) daily doses were 25 mg, 75 mg, or 150 mg. CVN424 peak plasma concentrations were reached within 2h post-dose in the fasted state and increased with increasing dose. Dosing after a standardized high-fat meal reduced and delayed the peak plasma concentration but total plasma exposure was similar. Mean terminal half-life ranged from 30h to 41h. CVN424 was generally well tolerated: no serious or severe adverse effects were observed, and there were no clinically significant changes in vital signs or laboratory parameters. We conclude that CVN424, a nondopaminergic compound that modulates a novel therapeutic target, was safe and well tolerated. A phase 2 study in patients with Parkinson's disease is underway. Significance Statement This is the first-in-human clinical study of a first-in-class candidate therapeutic. CVN424 modulates a novel drug target, GPR6, which is selectively expressed in a pathway in the brain that has been implicated in the motor dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease. This study paves the way for investigating this novel mechanism of action in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Thijssen E, den Heijer J, Puibert D, Moss L, Lei M, Hasegawa D, Keum K, Mochel K, Ezzeldin Sharaf M, Alfredson T, Zeng W, van Brummelen E, Naranda T, Groeneveld GJ. A Randomized Trial Assessing the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy During Morning Off of AZ-009. Mov Disord 2022; 37:790-798. [PMID: 35048423 PMCID: PMC9306836 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of apomorphine could be a faster‐acting and more user‐friendly alternative to subcutaneous injection for treating off periods in Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective The aim of this study was to compare the safety and pharmacokinetics of inhaled apomorphine (AZ‐009) with subcutaneous apomorphine (APO‐go PEN) in healthy volunteers (HVs) and to examine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of AZ‐009 in patients with PD. Methods In part A of this study, eight HVs received 1 mg AZ‐009 and 2 mg subcutaneous apomorphine in a randomized crossover manner. In the subsequent single ascending dose parts in HVs (part B, n = 16) and patients with PD (part C, n = 25), participants were randomized to placebo or AZ‐009 up to 4 mg. In patients, after medication withdrawal, Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III and on/off states were assessed predose and postdose. Results AZ‐009 was rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations at 2 minutes, as compared to 30 minutes for subcutaneous apomorphine. Adverse events for AZ‐009 were comparable to subcutaneous apomorphine, except for mild and transient throat irritation. Adverse events limited AZ‐009 dose escalation in HVs to 3 mg. Patients tolerated up to 4 mg. In patients with PD, 2, 3, and 4 mg AZ‐009 reduced mean Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III score (standard deviation) by 10.7 (13.6), 12.8 (7.9), and 10.3 (3.7) points, respectively, compared to 4.8 (4.9) after placebo at 10 minutes postdose. The percentage of patients achieving full on within 45 minutes postdose increased dose dependently: 0% (placebo), 17% (2 mg), 50% (3 mg), and 83% (4 mg). Conclusions AZ‐009 appears to be a rapid‐acting and reasonably well‐tolerated formulation for treating off periods. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Thijssen
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas den Heijer
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laurence Moss
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mingzu Lei
- Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, California, USA
| | | | - Kyo Keum
- Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, California, USA
| | - Ken Mochel
- Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, California, USA
| | | | - Tom Alfredson
- Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, California, USA
| | - Wenxiang Zeng
- Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, California, USA
| | | | | | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
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Zhao Y, Xie L, Zhang H, Zhou S, Liu Y, Chen J, Wang L, Wang L, Zhuo L, Wang Y, Ou N, Shao F. Tolerability, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of SY-004, a Glucokinase Activator, in Healthy Chinese Adults: A Randomized, Phase Ia, Single-Ascending Dose Study. Clin Ther 2022; 44:269-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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