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Serafini F, Maxwell KM, Zhu X, Lennon EM. Dysregulated serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in dogs with chronic enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:2612-2619. [PMID: 39087781 PMCID: PMC11423464 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of humans, nutrient malabsorption can result in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, especially of vitamin D. In veterinary species, decreased concentrations of vitamin D are relatively common in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE), but data on the status of other fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) is lacking. OBJECTIVES Determine the serum concentrations of retinol, vitamin D, and α-tocopherol in dogs with CE compared with healthy dogs and compare clinical, clinicopathologic variables between CE and healthy dogs to detect associations with decreased FSVs concentrations. ANIMALS Eighteen client-owned dogs with CE and 33 healthy dogs. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), serum retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations were compared between groups. Correlations and multiple regression modeling were used to examine the relationship between serum 25(OH)D, retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations and clinical and clinicopathological variables. RESULTS Dogs with low serum albumin concentrations were more likely to have lower 25(OH)D concentrations than dogs with normal serum albumin concentration. Dogs with CE had higher serum concentrations of retinol, and variable α-tocopherol concentrations. The cause of these dysregulated vitamin concentrations is unclear and requires further study. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with severe forms of CE should be monitored for decreased concentrations of 25(OH)D. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance and the possible benefit of vitamin D supplementation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Serafini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen M Maxwell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Office of Innovative Technologies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Lennon
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pineda C, Raya AI, Morgaz J, Sánchez‐Céspedes R, Millán Y, Aguilera‐Tejero E, López I. Vitamin D status in female dogs with mammary gland tumors. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:2257-2264. [PMID: 38946311 PMCID: PMC11256186 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information exists about vitamin D status in bitches with mammary tumors. OBJECTIVES To determine whether low plasma vitamin D concentrations are found in bitches with mammary tumors. ANIMALS Eighty-five client-owned bitches with mammary tumors (n = 21 benign, n = 64 malignant) and 39 age-matched healthy bitches. METHODS Case-control study. Plasma ionized and total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, creatinine, albumin, total proteins, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in all bitches at the time of clinical diagnosis and before any treatments. Statistical analysis was performed to compare variables among groups (control, benign, and malignant). RESULTS No significant differences were found when plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in bitches with malignant (148.9 [59.9] ng/mL) and benign mammary tumors (150.1 [122.3] ng/mL) were compared with control group (129.9 [54.5] ng/mL). Parathyroid hormone was significantly higher in bitches with malignant (19.9 [20.5] pg/mL), and benign mammary tumors (14.6 [14.9] pg/mL) compared with control group (7.5 [7.5] pg/mL; P < .01). Only the presence of mammary tumors (P < .01) and age (P = .04; adjusted R2 = .22) was significant in predicting PTH. CONCLUSIONS Bitches with mammary tumors do not have low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations thus vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to be useful for prevention of mammary tumors in bitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pineda
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
- Hospital Clínico VeterinarioUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Ana I. Raya
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
- Hospital Clínico VeterinarioUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Juan Morgaz
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
- Hospital Clínico VeterinarioUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Raquel Sánchez‐Céspedes
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y ToxicologíaUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Yolanda Millán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y ToxicologíaUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Escolástico Aguilera‐Tejero
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
- Hospital Clínico VeterinarioUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Ignacio López
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
- Hospital Clínico VeterinarioUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
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Sadeghian HK, Mohri M. Comparison of serum 25(OH) vitamin D, parathormone and immunity marker concentrations between dogs with transmissible venereal tumour and healthy dogs. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2026-2031. [PMID: 37534440 PMCID: PMC10508550 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D) is vital in the homeostasis of calcium and bone health as well as in the prevention of many disorders such as neoplasms. Epidemiological data show that low concentrations of both 1,25(OH)2 D and its precursor 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of a variety of human tumours. OBJECTIVES To investigate 25(OH)D, parathormone (PTH) and immunity marker concentrations in dogs with transmissible venereal tumour (TVT). METHODS 25(OH)D, PTH and various biochemical and immunity markers were evaluated in dogs with TVT (n = 26) and in healthy (n = 30) dogs. RESULTS 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with TVT in comparison with healthy dogs. In contrast, PTH, immunoglobulin G and interleukin (IL)-9 concentrations were higher in the dogs with TVT. Other variables, including IL-10, interferon γ, calcium and inorganic phosphate, were not statistically different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum 25(OH)D concentration may be a risk factor for the development of canine TVT; however, cause-and-effect remains incompletely understood. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact role of 25(OH)D in canine TVT and whether vitamin D supplementation may be useful prophylactically or as an adjunct to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Kamali Sadeghian
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Mehrdad Mohri
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
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Kim Y, Kang S, Seo K. Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with Schirmer tear test 1 and tear film breakup time in dogs. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e32. [PMID: 37012039 PMCID: PMC10071286 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between vitamin D and canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has not been investigated in dogs. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1) and tear film breakup time (TFBUT) in dogs. METHODS Sixty-one clinically healthy, client-owned dogs were enrolled. STT-1 and TFBUT were measured in 122 (61dogs) and 82 (41 dogs out of total 61 dogs) eyes, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were evaluated by quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay. The dogs were classified into 6 groups according to the evaluations (STT-1: group 1, normal [≥ 15 mm/min] in both eyes; group 2, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 15 mm/min] in the fellow eye; group 3, abnormal in both eyes; TFBUT: group 4, normal [≥ 20 sec] in both eyes; group 5, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 20 sec] in the fellow eye; group 6, abnormal in both eyes). RESULTS STT-1 was positively correlated with TFBUT (p < 0.001). Among the STT-1 groups, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration in group 1 was significantly higher than in groups 2 and 3 with positive correlation (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences among the TFBUT groups 4, 5, and 6. CONCLUSIONS In dogs, it was found that serum 25(OH)D concentrations had a greater effect on quantitative KCS than qualitative KCS. Therefore, it is considered that measurement of serum 25(OH)D concentration could be included in the diagnostic tests in canine quantitative KCS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsam Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Dana Animal Hospital Eye Center, Seoul 07014, Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Rocha MDCP, Garnica TK, Fukumasu H, Ramirez RA, Pazzini JM, Sueiro FAR, Paiva FND, Nardi ABD. Acute phase protein and vitamin D concentration in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-72650e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the serum concentration of vitamin D (25-Hydroxyvitamin D) and acute phase proteins (APPs; alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, albumin, IgA, IgG and alpha-1 - antitrypsin) as potential biomarkers for prognostic and therapy response in dogs with multicentric lymphoma submitted to the CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisone) chemotherapy protocol. Thirteen dogs with multicentric lymphoma classified as high grade by cytology were included in the treatment group (GL), while ten healthy dogs were included in the control group (GC). Serum was collected in the weeks T0, T5 and T10 of CHOP chemotherapy protocol, for the GL group, and in a single collection, for the GC group. All the collected samples were evaluated for the APPs and vitamin D concentrations through electrophoresis and chemiluminescence methods, respectively. Diagnostic and staging tests were performed for all the dogs in the GL group, and included cytopathology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the affected lymph node. Of these dogs, 9 achieved a complete response and 4 a partial response to the treatment. Data analysis was performed with the R software. The results demonstrated that serum concentrations of IgA, haptoglobin and α1-acid glycoprotein were significantly different between the groups and also between the different chemotherapy times analyzed (p<0.05), indicating that these proteins can be considered as sensitive biomarkers for lymphoma in dogs. Furthermore, the α1-acid glycoprotein showed prognostic value for the disease, with 63% specificity. However, vitamin D concentration was not correlated with prognosis of the dogs with lymphoma.
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Rocha MDCP, Garnica TK, Fukumasu H, Ramirez RA, Pazzini JM, Sueiro FAR, Paiva FND, Nardi ABD. Concentração de proteínas de fase aguda e vitamina D em cães com linfoma multicêntrico. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-72650p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se caracterizar a concentração sérica da vitamina D e das PFAs (Proteínas de Fase Aguda) (alfa-1 glicoproteína ácida, haptoglobina, transferrina, ceruloplasmina, albumina, IgA, IgG e alfa-1 – antitripsina) em cães com linfoma multicêntrico, submetidos ao tratamento quimioterápico com protocolo CHOP (Ciclofosfamida, Doxorrubicina, Vincristina e Prednisona), determinando o valor prognóstico desses marcadores para a doença. Foram avaliadas as concentrações séricas das PFAs, através do método da eletroforese e as concentrações da vitamina D, através da quimioluminescência em dois grupos experimentais, um grupo de 13 cães com linfoma multicêntrico classificados como alto grau pela citologia (GL) durante as semanas T0, T5 e T10 do tratamento com protocolo quimioterápico antineoplásico e em um grupo de 10 animais saudáveis para compor o grupo controle (GC), em coleta única. Para isso, foi realizado o diagnóstico, estadiamento e avaliação de resposta terapêutica dos 13 pacientes com linfoma multicêntrico através de técnicas de citopatologia, histopatologia, imuno-histoquímica do linfonodo periférico acometido. Foi observado que 9 pacientes tiveram resposta completa e 4 pacientes tiveram resposta parcial ao tratamento. Os dados foram analisados através do software R. Os resultados indicam que as diferenças entre as variáveis IgA, haptoglobina e α1-glicoproteína ácida foram significativas entre os grupos, e entre os diferentes momentos da quimioterapia (p< 0,05), indicando que podem ser marcadores sensíveis ao linfoma em cães. A α1-glicoproteína ácida apresentou valor prognóstico para o linfoma, com 63% de especificidade. Porém a vitamina D não apresentou valor prognóstico para o linfoma multicêntrico em cães.
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Weidner N, Mutsaers AJ, Woods JP, Wood GA, Bayle J, Verbrugghe A. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the inflammatory response in canine cancer. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:232-241. [PMID: 33222403 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Decreased circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and increased inflammatory marker concentrations have been reported separately in canine cancer. Correlations between the two exist in humans, but little work has examined links in dogs. This study aimed to determine plasma 25(OH)D and inflammatory marker concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with cancer and to assess correlations in each group. Newly diagnosed dogs with B-cell lymphoma (B-cell, n = 25), T-cell lymphoma (T-cell, n = 9), osteosarcoma (OSA, n = 21), and mast cell tumour (MCT, n = 26) presenting to a tertiary oncology centre, and healthy dogs (n = 25), were enrolled. Plasma samples were analysed for 25(OH)D, C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), and 13 chemokines and cytokines. Dogs with B-cell had decreased plasma 25(OH)D (P = .03), and increased plasma CRP, AAG, HP, KC-like and MCP-1 concentrations (P < =.001, .011, <.001, .013 and .009, respectively) compared with healthy dogs. Plasma CRP, HP and SAA concentrations were increased in dogs with OSA compared with healthy dogs (P = .001, .010 and .027, respectively). No differences were noted in dogs with T-cell and MCT. Negative correlations were observed between plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and: AAG concentrations in dogs with T-cell (Rs = -0.817, P = .007); GM-CSF concentrations (Rs = -0.569, P = .007) in dogs with OSA; and IL-7 concentrations (Rs = -0.548, P = .010) in dogs with OSA. Decreased 25(OH)D concentrations and increased concentrations of multiple inflammatory markers were observed in B-cell patients, supporting an association between 25(OH)D and inflammation. The cross-sectional study design meant the timing of changes could not be determined. Prospective cohort studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weidner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoff A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Bayle
- R&D department, Discover division, Royal Canin Research Center, Aimargues, France
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Zafalon RVA, Ruberti B, Rentas MF, Amaral AR, Vendramini THA, Chacar FC, Kogika MM, Brunetto MA. The Role of Vitamin D in Small Animal Bone Metabolism. Metabolites 2020; 10:E496. [PMID: 33287408 PMCID: PMC7761812 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs and cats have differences in vitamin D metabolism compared to other mammalian species, as they are unable to perform vitamin D cutaneous synthesis through sun exposure. Therefore, they are dependent on the dietary intake of this nutrient. The classic functions of vitamin D are to stimulate intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, renal calcium and phosphate reabsorption and regulate bone mineral metabolism. Thus, it is an important nutrient for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. This review highlights the evidence of the direct and indirect actions of vitamin D on bone mineral metabolism, the consequences of nutritional imbalances of this nutrient in small animals, as well as differences in vitamin D metabolism between different size dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (T.H.A.V.)
| | - Bruna Ruberti
- Small Animal Internal Medicine Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (B.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (T.H.A.V.)
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (T.H.A.V.)
| | - Fernanda Chicharo Chacar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of South of Minas Gerais, IFSULDEMINAS, Muzambinho 37890-000, Brazil;
| | - Marcia Mery Kogika
- Small Animal Internal Medicine Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (B.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (T.H.A.V.)
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
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Hurst EA, Homer NZ, Mellanby RJ. Vitamin D Metabolism and Profiling in Veterinary Species. Metabolites 2020; 10:E371. [PMID: 32942601 PMCID: PMC7569877 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for vitamin D analysis in veterinary species is increasing with the growing knowledge of the extra-skeletal role vitamin D plays in health and disease. The circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) metabolite is used to assess vitamin D status, and the benefits of analysing other metabolites in the complex vitamin D pathway are being discovered in humans. Profiling of the vitamin D pathway by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) facilitates simultaneous analysis of multiple metabolites in a single sample and over wide dynamic ranges, and this method is now considered the gold-standard for quantifying vitamin D metabolites. However, very few studies report using LC-MS/MS for the analysis of vitamin D metabolites in veterinary species. Given the complexity of the vitamin D pathway and the similarities in the roles of vitamin D in health and disease between humans and companion animals, there is a clear need to establish a comprehensive, reliable method for veterinary analysis that is comparable to that used in human clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the differences in vitamin D metabolism between veterinary species and the benefits of measuring vitamin D metabolites beyond 25(OH)D. Finally, we discuss the analytical challenges in profiling vitamin D in veterinary species with a focus on LC-MS/MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Hurst
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK;
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Natalie Z. Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Richard J. Mellanby
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK;
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Zafalon RVA, Risolia LW, Pedrinelli V, Vendramini THA, Rodrigues RBA, Amaral AR, Kogika MM, Brunetto MA. Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:322-342. [PMID: 31803981 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to the presence of receptors in the cells of numerous body tissues, vitamin D is associated with several physiological functions that go beyond calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis and control of bone metabolism in the body. In humans, several studies have associated lower vitamin D concentrations with numerous diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases, and also with an increase in the total mortality rate of the population. Recently, this nutrient started to gain importance in veterinary medicine, and several articles have shown a correlation between low vitamin D status and diseases unrelated to bone metabolism. The present review aims to highlight the recent publications that investigated this relationship, bringing the evidence that exists so far in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael V A Zafalon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa W Risolia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago H A Vendramini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta B A Rodrigues
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa R Amaral
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia M Kogika
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Brunetto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Effects of body fat mass and therapeutic weight loss on vitamin D status in privately owned adult dogs. J Nutr Sci 2018; 7:e17. [PMID: 29721315 PMCID: PMC5921043 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2018.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
More than one-third of humans and companion dogs in Western societies are overweight or obese. In people, vitamin D deficiency is widespread and associated with obesity, a now recognised inflammatory state. Low vitamin D status occurs in dogs with inflammatory conditions, but its relationship with obesity has not been investigated. In otherwise healthy privately owned adult dogs of ideal body condition (control, n 7) and dogs with overweight to obese body condition (treatment, n 8), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and body composition as inferred from 2H-labelled water dilution space were evaluated. Subsequently, the dogs were transitioned to a commercial canine therapeutic weight-loss diet; control dogs were fed to maintain body weight and treatment dogs were energy-restricted to achieve a safe weight-loss rate. Thereafter, serum 25(OH)D concentration was re-evaluated 8 weeks after diet transition, and at the study end, which was 6 months or when ideal body condition was achieved. At study end, body composition analysis was repeated. Initial body condition scores and percentage body fat were positively correlated (ρ = 0·891; P < 0·001). However, percentage body fat and serum 25(OH)D concentration were not significantly correlated. Final serum 25(OH)D concentrations were greater (P < 0·05) than initial concentrations for control and treatment groups, indicating a diet but not weight-loss effect on vitamin D status. These findings suggest that vitamin D status of dogs is not affected by obesity or loss of body fat with therapeutic weight reduction.
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Key Words
- 24,25(OH)2D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
- Adiposity
- BCS, body condition score
- BF%, body fat percentage
- BF, body fat
- BFM, body fat mass
- BLM, body lean mass
- BW, body weight
- Canine weight loss
- Cholecalciferol
- NRC RA, National Research Council recommended allowance
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Abstract
There is emerging interest in linking vitamin D status to physiological health and disease states in the dog, as evidenced by the recent increase in publications in this area. This research has most likely been spurred by the studies exploring vitamin D and disease in humans. However, there are important differences in vitamin D intake and metabolism between humans and dogs that should be accounted for. The understanding of basic vitamin D metabolism and the relationship between vitamin D intake and vitamin D status in dogs remains even more limited than current knowledge in humans. This review will summarize current knowledge of vitamin D in the dog, including metabolism and dietary recommendations. Emphasis is placed on the limitations to current knowledge. Studies investigating links between vitamin D and disease will be discussed in light of this knowledge. Suggestions for future research, including the development of reference ranges to define blood vitamin D sufficiency, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weidner
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- b Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Ontario , Canada
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14
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Weidner N, Woods JP, Conlon P, Meckling KA, Atkinson JL, Bayle J, Makowski AJ, Horst RL, Verbrugghe A. Influence of Various Factors on Circulating 25(OH) Vitamin D Concentrations in Dogs with Cancer and Healthy Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1796-1803. [PMID: 28941306 PMCID: PMC5697176 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low blood 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations have been associated with cancer in dogs. Little research has examined what other factors may affect 25(OH)D concentrations. Objectives (1) To determine whether the presence of cancer (lymphoma, osteosarcoma, or mast cell tumor [MCT]) in dogs is associated with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and (2) identify other factors related to plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs. Animals Dogs newly diagnosed with osteosarcoma (n = 21), lymphoma (n = 27), and MCT (n = 21) presented to a tertiary referral oncology center, and healthy, client‐owned dogs (n = 23). Methods An observational study design was used. Dietary vitamin D intake, sex, age, body condition score (BCS), muscle condition score (MCS), and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D, 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) (a marker of CYP24A1 activity), as well as ionized calcium (ICa), parathyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone‐related protein concentrations were measured. An analysis of covariance was used to model plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. Results Cancer type (P = 0.004), plasma 24,25(OH)2D concentrations (P < 0.001), and plasma ICa concentrations (P = 0.047) had significant effects on plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. Effects of age, sex, body weight, BCS, MCS, and plasma PTH concentrations were not identified. A significant interaction between ICa and cancer was found (P = 0.005). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations increased as ICa concentrations increased in dogs with cancer, whereas plasma 25(OH)D concentrations decreased as ICa concentrations increased in healthy dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results support a relationship between cancer and altered vitamin D metabolism in dogs, mediated by plasma ICa concentrations. The CYP24A1 activity and plasma ICa should be measured in studies examining plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Weidner
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J P Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - P Conlon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - K A Meckling
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J L Atkinson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J Bayle
- Royal Canin Research Center, Aimargues, France
| | | | | | - A Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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15
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Kim DI, Kim H, Son P, Kang JH, Kang BT, Yang MP. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1366-1373. [PMID: 28659537 PMCID: PMC5573823 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether circulating serum concentrations of
25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] differed between healthy dogs and dogs with acute
pancreatitis (AP). Twenty-two healthy dogs and twenty client-owned dogs with AP were
enrolled in the study. Serum concentrations of 25-(OH) D, blood ionized calcium (iCa), and
serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Concentrations of serum 25-(OH) D and blood
iCa in dogs with AP were significantly lower than those of healthy dogs, and serum
concentrations of CRP in dogs with AP were significantly higher than those of healthy
dogs. A significant difference in 25-(OH) D serum concentrations was observed between
survivor and non-survivor dogs with AP. After resolution of clinical signs, concentrations
of serum 25-(OH) D, blood iCa, and serum CRP did not differ compared to those before
treatment. This study shows that dogs with AP exhibit decreased 25-(OH) D levels, which
might be associated with calcium imbalances and mortality rate in canine AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-In Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Purum Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Houn Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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16
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Parker VJ, Rudinsky AJ, Chew DJ. Vitamin D metabolism in canine and feline medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 250:1259-1269. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.11.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Kohart NA, Elshafae SM, Breitbach JT, Rosol TJ. Animal Models of Cancer-Associated Hypercalcemia. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4020021. [PMID: 29056680 PMCID: PMC5606604 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated hypercalcemia (CAH) is a frequently-occurring paraneoplastic syndrome that contributes to substantial patient morbidity and occurs in both humans and animals. Patients with CAH are often characterized by markedly elevated serum calcium concentrations that result in a range of clinical symptoms involving the nervous, gastrointestinal and urinary systems. CAH is caused by two principle mechanisms; humorally-mediated and/or through local osteolytic bone metastasis resulting in excessive calcium release from resorbed bone. Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is the most common mechanism and is due to the production and release of tumor-associated cytokines and humoral factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), that act at distant sites to increase serum calcium concentrations. Local osteolytic hypercalcemia (LOH) occurs when primary or metastatic bone tumors act locally by releasing factors that stimulate osteoclast activity and bone resorption. LOH is a less frequent cause of CAH and in some cases can induce hypercalcemia in concert with HHM. Rarely, ectopic production of parathyroid hormone has been described. PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia is the most common mechanism of CAH in human and canine malignancies and is recognized in other domestic species. Spontaneous and experimentally-induced animal models have been developed to study the mechanisms of CAH. These models have been essential for the evaluation of novel approaches and adjuvant therapies to manage CAH. This review will highlight the comparative aspects of CAH in humans and animals with a discussion of the available animal models used to study the pathogenesis of this important clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Kohart
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Said M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt.
| | - Justin T Breitbach
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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18
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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with osteosarcoma do not differ from those of age- and weight-matched control dogs. Vet J 2016; 217:132-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sharp CR, Selting KA, Ringold R. The effect of diet on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:442. [PMID: 26374201 PMCID: PMC4570747 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is linked to many disease states including rickets and cancer, and vitD supplementation to improve response to cancer therapy has been explored. Supplementation may be most appropriate for dogs with suboptimal vitD concentrations. In dogs, the primary source of vitD is diet (predominantly via commercial dog food). Our goal was to determine how food source and supplements affect 25(OH)D concentrations, the storage form of vitD. Serum was collected from clinically healthy dogs, and pet owners were surveyed about food source and supplements. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured using a quantitative chemiluminescent assay (LIASON, DiaSorin, Stillwater, MN). RESULTS Dogs (n = 320) were tested for serum 25(OH)D concentrations (range 9.5-249.2 ng/mL). Dogs were fed commercial diets from forty different manufactures (n = 292); additionally some dogs were fed homemade diets (n = 18) or a combination of commercial and homemade diets (n = 10). Median serum 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs fed commercial foods ranged from 47.4 to 100.1 ng/mL with an overall median of 67.9 ng/ml (CV 29%). Analysis for differences among manufacturers was significant (P = 0.0006). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations amongst dogs fed homemade diets had the largest range (9.5-129 ng/mL) and the lowest value (9.5 ng/mL). Dogs receiving salmon oil as a supplement (n = 22) had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D (on average a 19.6 ng/mL increase) than those not receiving a supplement (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs vary widely which likely reflects varying dietary vitD content. Notable differences exist among manufacturers and brands and may reflect differences in proprietary formulations. Given the variability of measured serum 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs and the importance vitD appears to have on health status, dietary vitD content should be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire R Sharp
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| | - Kim A Selting
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Randy Ringold
- Veterinary Diagnostics Institute, Simi Valley, CA, 93063, USA.
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Selting KA, Sharp CR, Ringold R, Thamm DH, Backus R. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs – correlation with health and cancer risk. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:295-305. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Selting
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | - C. R. Sharp
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University North Grafton MA USA
| | - R. Ringold
- Veterinary Diagnostics Institute Simi Valley CA USA
| | - D. H. Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Cancer Center Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - R. Backus
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
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21
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Kraus MS, Rassnick KM, Wakshlag JJ, Gelzer ARM, Waxman AS, Struble AM, Refsal K. Relation of vitamin D status to congestive heart failure and cardiovascular events in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 28:109-15. [PMID: 24205918 PMCID: PMC4895547 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in cardiac function, and there is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) in people. Hypothesis Serum vitamin D concentration is lower in dogs with CHF compared with unaffected controls and serum vitamin D concentration is associated with clinical outcome in dogs with CHF. Animals Eighty‐two client‐owned dogs. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, we examined the association between circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], a measure of vitamin D status, and CHF in dogs. In the prospective cohort study, we examined whether 25(OH)D serum concentration was associated with clinical outcome in dogs with CHF. Results Mean 25(OH)D concentration (100 ± 44 nmol/L) in 31 dogs with CHF was significantly lower than that of 51 unaffected dogs (123 ± 42 nmol/L; P = .023). The mean calculated vitamin D intake per kg of metabolic body weight in dogs with CHF was no different from that of unaffected dogs (1.37 ± 0.90 μg/kg metabolic body weight versus 0.98 ± 0.59 μg/kg body weight, respectively, P = .097). There was a significant association of serum 25(OH)D concentration on time to clinical manifestation of CHF or sudden death (P = .02). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance These findings suggest that low concentrations of 25(OH)D may be a risk factor for CHF in dogs. Low serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with poor outcome in dogs with CHF. Strategies to improve vitamin D status in some dogs with CHF may prove beneficial without causing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kraus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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22
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Galler A, Tran J, Krammer-Lukas S, Höller U, Thalhammer J, Zentek J, Willmann M. Blood vitamin levels in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Vet J 2012; 192:226-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Nadella MVP, Kisseberth WC, Nadella KS, Thudi NK, Thamm DH, McNiel EA, Yilmaz A, Boris-Lawrie K, Rosol TJ. NOD/SCID mouse model of canine T-cell lymphoma with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy: cytokine gene expression profiling and in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 6:39-54. [PMID: 19178662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2007.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from B or T lymphocytes. In dogs, one-third of lymphomas are highly aggressive multicentric T-cell lymphomas that are often associated with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM). There are no cell lines or animal models to investigate the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in dogs. We developed the first xenograft model by injecting lymphoma cells from an Irish Wolfhound intraperitoneally into NOD/SCID mice. The mice developed multicentric lymphoma along with HHM and increased parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) as occurs in dogs with T-cell lymphoma. Using cytokine complementary DNA arrays, we identified genes that have potential implications in the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of T-cell lymphoma samples from hypercalcaemic canine patients showed that PTHrP likely plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HHM and that hypercalcaemia is the result of a combinatorial effect of different hypercalcaemic factors. Finally, we monitored in vivo tumour progression and metastases in the mouse model by transducing the lymphoma cells with a lentiviral vector that encodes a luciferase-yellow fluorescent protein reporter and showed that in vivo trafficking patterns in this model were similar to those seen in dogs. This unique mouse model will be useful for translational research in lymphoma and for investigating the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V P Nadella
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
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de Fornel-Thibaud P, Blanchard G, Escoffier-Chateau L, Segond S, Guetta F, Begon D, Delisle F, Rosenberg D. Unusual Case of Osteopenia Associated With Nutritional Calcium and Vitamin D Deficiency in an Adult Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2007; 43:52-60. [PMID: 17209086 DOI: 10.5326/0430052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old, spayed female rottweiler was presented for facial enlargement from swelling of the maxilla and mandible. The dog was fed a homemade diet deficient in calcium and vitamin D, suggesting that rubber jaw syndrome was a secondary nutritional disorder. Radiographic and tomodensitometric examinations revealed diffuse bone resorption in the skull. The plasma parathormone concentration was high, and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration was low. Based on these findings, nutritional calcium and vitamin D deficiency associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed. Dietary correction resulted in clinical and biological improvement, with an increase in skull mineralization.
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