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Lv Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Shuai P, Li Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Zhang D, Xiang Q. Serum trace elements show association with thyroperoxidase autoantibodies in Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) 4 nodules. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19813. [PMID: 39191901 PMCID: PMC11350144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid nodule (TN) has been becoming a great concern worldwide due to its high incidence. Although some studies have reported associations between trace elements exposure and the risk of TNs, the linkage was not inconclusive. The present study aimed to identify the association of selected serum trace elements (Ca, Mg, V, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn and Mo) with TNs among general adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2021 in Chengdu, China. 1282 subjects completed the questionnaire and gave at least one human biological material after an overnight fast, venous blood, and urine, including 377 TN participants defined through ultrasound. Various trace elements in serum specimens were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Thyroid functions were tested by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The associations between trace elements levels and the risk of TNs were examined by restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. TNs were more common in females (P < 0.001) and in the elderly (P < 0.001) and that they were also frequently associated with fertility, marital status, annual household income, drinking, anxiety, vitamin supplement, tea consumption, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. After adjusting for confounders by a propensity score matching model, the association between trace elements concentrations and TNs risk was found to be statistically insignificant in the RCS (P for nonlinear > 0.05) and BKMR models. FT3 or T4 (total or free) increased significantly with increasing total trace elements mixture levels. In TI-RADS-4 TN subjects, TPO-Ab level increased significantly with increasing total trace elements mixture levels in the high-dose range. Ca, Zn, Mo at their 75th percentile showed positive individual effects on TPO-Ab, which was examined to be interactive. The detection of trace elements for TNs in general adults may be of no significance, but once individuals classified as TI-RADS-4 TNs are detected with abnormal TPO-Ab, Ca, Zn and Mo level are recommended to measure. The substantive association on it still needs to be continuously explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lv
- Public Health Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West Section 2, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Youren Liu
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West Section 2, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West Section 2, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West Section 2, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West Section 2, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Qian Xiang
- Healthcare-Associated Infection Control Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 West Section 2, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Qiu R, Sha X, Kuang P, Chen F, Fu J. Genetically predicted circulating concentrations of micronutrients and risk of autoimmune thyroiditis: a Mendelian randomized study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425351. [PMID: 39229277 PMCID: PMC11368795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Micronutrients play pivotal roles in modulating various aspects of the immune response. However, the existing literature on the association between micronutrients and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) remains limited and contentious. To address this gap, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential links between genetically predicted concentrations of six micronutrients (Copper (Cu), Iron (Ir), Calcium (Ca), Vitamin D (VD), Vitamin C (VC), Zinc (Zn)) and the risk of AIT. Method Utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European descent, we employed MR methodologies to elucidate the interplay between micronutrients and AIT. Three distinct MR techniques were employed: Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and Weighted Median Estimator (WME). Additionally, we evaluated outcome heterogeneity using Cochran's Q statistic and assessed pleiotropy using the MR-Egger intercept. Result IVW analysis revealed no substantial evidence supporting a significant impact of genetically predicted micronutrient concentrations on AIT risk (Cu: OR = 0.918, P = 0.875; Ir: OR = 0.653, P = 0.264; Ca: OR = 0.964, P = 0.906; VD: OR = 0.717, P = 0.378; VC: OR = 0.986, P = 0.875; Zn: OR = 0.789, P = 0.539). Cochran's Q test for IVW indicated no notable heterogeneity. Moreover, the MR-Egger intercept method suggested the presence of horizontal pleiotropy between serum VC levels and AIT (MR-Egger intercept = -0.037, p = 0.026), while no such pleiotropy was observed for other micronutrients. Conclusion Our MR analysis does not support a causal relationship between genetically predicted concentrations of six micronutrients (Cu, Ir, Ca, VD, VC, and Zn) and the risk of AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongliang Qiu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuemei Sha
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Penghao Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fangsen Chen
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Fu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Tendilla-Beltrán H, Aguilar-Alonso P, Hernández-González CA, Baltazar-Gaytán E, Orduña AA, Nicolini H, García-Dolores F, Flores G. Dysregulated zinc homeostasis and microadenomas in the anterior pituitary: pathological insights into suicide risk. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1446255. [PMID: 39193580 PMCID: PMC11347757 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1446255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a significant public health problem influenced by various risk factors, including dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Zinc (Zn), essential for pituitary function in hormone synthesis and release, has been linked to suicide, with studies noting reduced serum levels and altered brain transport mechanisms. Despite Zn's crucial role in pituitary function and its involvement in suicidal behavior, information on pituitary Zn in suicide is scarce. Tumor cells modify Zn dynamics in tissues, and a previous report suggests microadenomas in the anterior pituitary as a risk factor for suicide. Methods Histopathological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin stain and histochemical techniques to assess Zn homeostasis were carried out on anterior pituitary postmortem samples from 14 suicide completers and 9 non-suicidal cases. Results Pituitary microadenomas were identified in 35% of suicide cases and none in the non-suicidal cases. Furthermore, compartmentalized Zn (detected via dithizone reactivity), but not free Zn levels (detected via zinquin reactivity), was lower in the suicide cases compared to the non-suicidal group. Conclusion This is the first report of a potential association between disrupted Zn homeostasis and microadenomas in the anterior pituitary as a feature in suicide and provides critical insights for future neuroendocrine Zn-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Baltazar-Gaytán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana (UV) Región Córdoba – Orizaba, Campus Ciudad Mendoza, Mendoza, Veracruz, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos y Universitarios del Golfo, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Ana A. Orduña
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Dolores
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFO), Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Ciudad de México (TSJCDMX), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
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Shulhai AM, Rotondo R, Petraroli M, Patianna V, Predieri B, Iughetti L, Esposito S, Street ME. The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function. Nutrients 2024; 16:2496. [PMID: 39125376 PMCID: PMC11314468 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function is closely linked to nutrition through the diet-gut-thyroid axis. This narrative review highlights the influence of nutritional components and micronutrients on thyroid development and function, as well as on the gut microbiota. Micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 influence thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation throughout life. Dietary changes can alter the gut microbiota, leading not just to dysbiosis and micronutrient deficiency but also to changes in thyroid function through immunological regulation, nutrient absorption, and epigenetic changes. Nutritional imbalance can lead to thyroid dysfunction and/or disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and possibly contribute to autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, yet controversial issues. Understanding these relationships is important to rationalize a balanced diet rich in essential micronutrients for maintaining thyroid health and preventing thyroid-related diseases. The synthetic comprehensive overview of current knowledge shows the importance of micronutrients and gut microbiota for thyroid function and uncovers potential gaps that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Mariia Shulhai
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.-M.S.); (R.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Roberta Rotondo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.-M.S.); (R.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Maddalena Petraroli
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Viviana Patianna
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (B.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (B.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.-M.S.); (R.R.); (S.E.)
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.-M.S.); (R.R.); (S.E.)
- Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
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Patel AM, Khan S, Inam AMH, Alam R, Khan MM. Determination of Serum Zinc and Phosphorus Levels in Patients with Hypothyroidism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3018-3024. [PMID: 37819464 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Various studies reported that serum zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) levels altered in patients with hypothyroidism and vice versa, but results were found inconsistent. It was aimed to find the association between serum Zn and P in patients with hypothyroidism. In this case-control study, a total of 100 subjects (50 newly diagnosed patients of hypothyroidism and 50 controls) were enrolled aged between 25 and 60 years. Biochemical parameters such as thyroid profile, serum Zn, and P were estimated in each subject. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean level of body mass index (BMI), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and serum P was found significantly elevated in cases compared to controls (p < 0.001). However, the mean level of total triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and serum Zn was found significantly reduced in cases compared to controls (p < 0.001). The serum Zn has shown a significant negative correlation with T3 and BMI among cases (r = - 0.313 p < 0.05, r = - 0.338 p < 0.05, respectively). However, serum P has shown a significant positive correlation with TSH and BMI among cases (r = 0.310 p < 0.05, r = 0.449 p < 0.01, respectively). Regression analysis indicated that serum Zn significantly predicted hypothyroidism (p < 0.00). Similarly, serum P significantly predicted hypothyroidism (p < 0.007). Results showed that serum Zn levels were significantly reduced and serum P levels were significantly elevated in cases compared to controls. The serum Zn and serum P both significantly associated with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Mani Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (IIMSR), Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Saba Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (IIMSR), Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Ahmad Merajul Hasan Inam
- Department of Physiotherapy, Integral Institute of Allied Health Sciences & Research (IIAHSR), Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Roshan Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (IIMSR), Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Mustufa Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Integral Institute of Allied Health Sciences & Research (IIAHSR), Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India.
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Karkoszka N, Gibula-Tarlowska E, Kotlinska J, Bielenica A, Gawel K, Kedzierska E. Selenium Intake and Postnatal Depression-A Short Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1926. [PMID: 38931280 PMCID: PMC11206929 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal depression is a common and severe complication of childbirth. It is an important public health problem with significant implications for both mothers and children. The exact mechanisms underlying and the factors influencing the occurrence of postnatal depression remain unclear. The literature suggests that certain dietary deficiencies during pregnancy and the postnatal period may contribute to a greater risk of maternal depression. This review focuses on the role of selenium in postnatal depression. It collects evidence from published interventional and observational studies investigating the relationship between selenium intake during the antenatal and postnatal periods and the mental status of postpartum women and summarises information about biological mechanisms that may underlie the association between selenium status and postnatal depression. The review includes studies identified through electronic searches of Medline (via PubMed) and Google Scholar databases until December 2023. Despite the small number of relevant studies and their potential methodological limitations, the findings suggest that optimizing selenium status may support the prevention and treatment of postnatal depression. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are necessary to confirm the clinical significance of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Karkoszka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-400 Lublin, Poland; (E.G.-T.); (J.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-400 Lublin, Poland; (E.G.-T.); (J.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Jolanta Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-400 Lublin, Poland; (E.G.-T.); (J.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Anna Bielenica
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kinga Gawel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kedzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-400 Lublin, Poland; (E.G.-T.); (J.K.); (E.K.)
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Padoan F, Piccoli E, Pietrobelli A, Moreno LA, Piacentini G, Pecoraro L. The Role of Zinc in Developed Countries in Pediatric Patients: A 360-Degree View. Biomolecules 2024; 14:718. [PMID: 38927121 PMCID: PMC11201578 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an important trace element for growth and health at pediatric ages. Zinc is fundamental in inflammatory pathways, oxidative balance, and immune function. Zinc exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by modulating Nuclear Factor-kappa (NF-κB) activity and reducing histamine release from basophils, leukocytes, and mast cells. Furthermore, its antioxidant activity protects against oxidative damage and chronic diseases. Finally, zinc improves the ability to trigger effective immune responses against pathogens by contributing to the maturation of lymphocytes, the production of cytokines, and the regulation of apoptosis. Given these properties, zinc can be considered an adjunctive therapy in treating and preventing respiratory, nephrological, and gastrointestinal diseases, both acute and chronic. This review aims to deepen the role and metabolism of zinc, focusing on the role of supplementation in developed countries in pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Padoan
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Piccoli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Pecoraro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
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Jiang YJ, Xiong YQ, Huang T, Xiao YX. Toenail and blood selenium mediated regulation of thyroid dysfunction through immune cells: a mediation Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1378969. [PMID: 38840695 PMCID: PMC11150534 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1378969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Specific nutrients found in food, such as minerals, antioxidants, and macronutrients, have a significant impact on immune function and human health. However, there is currently limited research exploring the relationship between specific nutrients, immune system function, and thyroid dysfunction commonly observed in autoimmune thyroid diseases, which manifest predominantly as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the connections between dietary traits and thyroid dysfunction, as well as the potential mediating role of immune cells, using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods The two-step MR analysis used single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instruments, with a threshold of p < 5e-08 for nutrients and thyroid dysfunction, and p < 5e-06 for immune cells. Data from different GWAS databases and UK Biobank were combined to analyze 8 antioxidants and 7 minerals, while the data for 4 macronutrients came from a cohort of 235,000 individuals of European. The outcome data (hypothyroidism, N = 3340; hyperthyroidism, N = 1840; free thyroxin [FT4], N = 49,269; thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], N = 54,288) were source from the ThyroidOmics consortium. Immune trait data, including 731 immune phenotypes, were collected from the GWAS catalog. Results The results revealed that nutrient changes, such as lycopene, toenail and blood selenium, and α-tocopherol, impacted the immune system. Immune cells also affected thyroid function, with cDC cells promoting hypothyroidism and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) phenotypes correlating strongly with FT4 levels. Toenail and blood selenium reduce the relative cell counts (RCC) phenotypes of immune cells (CD62L- plasmacytoid DC %DC and transitional B cells %Lymphocyte), thereby diminishing its promoting effect on hypothyroidis. Furthermore, toenail and blood selenium mainly impacted phenotypes in three types of T cells (CD25 + + CD8br, CD3 on CD45RA- CD4+, and CD45RA on Terminally Differentiated CD8br), reinforcing the negative regulation of FT4 levels. Conclusion The role of immune cells as mediators in the relationship between nutrients and thyroid dysfunction highlights their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic markers. Toenail and blood selenium levels can indirectly impact hypothyroidism by influencing the RCC levels of two types of immune cells, and can indirectly affect FT4 levels by influencing three types of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-xiao Xiao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu J, Lu X, Song J, Tong H, Xu C, Zhu X, Zheng X, Wang M. The association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and thyroid functionality among adults in the USA: NHANES 2007-2012. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29082. [PMID: 38617964 PMCID: PMC11015128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) values serve as a summary of an individual's combined dietary antioxidant intake. Although specific antioxidants are known to reduce thyroid damage from oxidative stress, the relationship between the CDAI and thyroid function remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate this relationship in greater detail while focusing on a representative American adult population. Methods A total of 6,860 subjects from the 2007-2012 NHANES cohort were included in this study. Associations between CDAI values and thyroid function were evaluated with weighted linear regression models and smoothed curve fitting. Subgroup analyses were also performed. Results The weighted mean (SD) values for variables analyzed in this study included a CDAI of 0.13 (0.06), serum free T4 (FT4) levels of 0.80 (0.01) ng/dL, and serum total T4 (TT4) levels of 7.80 (0.03) ug/dL. Lower CDAI values were found to be associated with higher levels of FT4 and TT4 using both unadjusted and adjusted models that accounted for relevant confounders (adjusted model, FT4 β = -0.003, p = 0.005; TT4 β = -0.035, p < 0.001). This negative correlation persisted when CDAI was categorized into quartiles (FT4, p for trend = 0.014; TT4, p for trend = 0.003). Conclusion These findings suggest that a diet rich in antioxidants, as reflected by higher CDAI scores, is associated with significant decreases in levels of free and total T4. Further analyses will be necessary to better clarify the underlying mechanisms behind these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialu Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huijing Tong
- Department of Emergency, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingzheng Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Gao T, Luo S, Li H, Su Z, Wen Q. Prospective role of lusianthridin in attenuating cadmium-induced functional and cellular damage in rat thyroid. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27080. [PMID: 38449627 PMCID: PMC10915401 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The thyroid represents the most prevalent form of head and neck and endocrine cancer. The present investigation demonstrates the anticancer effects of Lusianthridin against cadmium (Cd)-induced thyroid cancer in rats. Swiss Wistar rats were utilized in this experimental study. Cd was employed to induce thyroid cancer, and the rats were divided into different groups, receiving oral administration of Lusianthridin (20 mg/kg) for 14 days. Thyroid parameters, deiodinase levels, hepatic parameters, lipid parameters, and antioxidant parameters were respectively estimated. The mRNA expression was assessed using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Lusianthridin significantly (P < 0.001) improved protein levels, T4, T3, free iodine in urine, and suppressed the level of TSH. Lusianthridin significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the levels of FT3, FT4, and decreased the level of rT3. Lusianthridin significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the levels of D1, D2, D3, and enhanced the levels of hepatic parameters like AST, ALT. Lusianthridin remarkably (P < 0.001) altered the levels of lipid parameters such as LDL, total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides; antioxidant parameters viz., MDA, GSH, CAT, and SOD. Lusianthridin significantly altered the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, MEK1, ERK1, ERK2, p-eIf2α, GRP78, eIf2α, and GRP94. The results clearly state that Lusianthridin exhibits protective effects against thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Sijia Luo
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Zijie Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Qinghui Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
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11
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Zhu X, Zhang C, Feng S, He R, Zhang S. Intestinal microbiota regulates the gut-thyroid axis: the new dawn of improving Hashimoto thyroiditis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:39. [PMID: 38386169 PMCID: PMC10884059 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota plays an indispensable role in the host's innate immune system, which may be related to the occurrence of many autoimmune diseases. Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, and there is plenty of evidence indicating that HT may be related to genetics and environmental triggers, but the specific mechanism has not been proven clearly. Significantly, the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota in patients with HT have an obvious difference. This phenomenon led us to think about whether intestinal microbiota can affect the progress of HT through some mechanisms. By summarizing the potential mechanism of intestinal microflora in regulating Hashimoto thyroiditis, this article explores the possibility of improving HT by regulating intestinal microbiota and summarizes relevant biomarkers as therapeutic targets, which provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxin Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), No. 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Stiles LI, Ferrao K, Mehta KJ. Role of zinc in health and disease. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38367035 PMCID: PMC10874324 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a concise overview of the cellular and clinical aspects of the role of zinc, an essential micronutrient, in human physiology and discusses zinc-related pathological states. Zinc cannot be stored in significant amounts, so regular dietary intake is essential. ZIP4 and/or ZnT5B transport dietary zinc ions from the duodenum into the enterocyte, ZnT1 transports zinc ions from the enterocyte into the circulation, and ZnT5B (bidirectional zinc transporter) facilitates endogenous zinc secretion into the intestinal lumen. Putative promoters of zinc absorption that increase its bioavailability include amino acids released from protein digestion and citrate, whereas dietary phytates, casein and calcium can reduce zinc bioavailability. In circulation, 70% of zinc is bound to albumin, and the majority in the body is found in skeletal muscle and bone. Zinc excretion is via faeces (predominantly), urine, sweat, menstrual flow and semen. Excessive zinc intake can inhibit the absorption of copper and iron, leading to copper deficiency and anaemia, respectively. Zinc toxicity can adversely affect the lipid profile and immune system, and its treatment depends on the mode of zinc acquisition. Acquired zinc deficiency usually presents later in life alongside risk factors like malabsorption syndromes, but medications like diuretics and angiotensin-receptor blockers can also cause zinc deficiency. Inherited zinc deficiency condition acrodermatitis enteropathica, which occurs due to mutation in the SLC39A4 gene (encoding ZIP4), presents from birth. Treatment involves zinc supplementation via zinc gluconate, zinc sulphate or zinc chloride. Notably, oral zinc supplementation may decrease the absorption of drugs like ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and risedronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy I Stiles
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Ferrao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Education, King's College London, London, UK.
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13
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Gu S, Mo Z, Chen Z, Li X, Jiang Y, Liu C, Guo F, Li Y, Mao G, Huang X, Wang X. Assessment of Individual and Mixed Effects of Six Minerals on Thyroid Hormones in Chinese Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:450. [PMID: 38337734 PMCID: PMC10857285 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of thyroid hormones is essential for brain and neurological development. It requires iodine as a key component but is also influenced by other nutrients. Evidence for the combined nutrient status in relation to thyroid hormones during pregnancy is limited. We aimed to investigate the joint associations of iodine, selenium, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron with maternal thyroid functions in 489 pregnant women from Hangzhou, China. Serum levels of six essential minerals and thyroid function parameters were measured during the first antenatal visit. Linear regression, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression were used to explore the individual and joint relationships between the six minerals and thyroid hormones. Linear regression analyses revealed that calcium was positively associated with free triiodothyronine (FT3). Zinc was positively associated with free thyroxine (FT4). Iodine was negatively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and positively associated with FT3 and FT4. The quantile g-computation and BKMR models indicated that the joint nutrient concentration was negatively associated with TSH and positively associated with FT3 and FT4. Among the six minerals, iodine contributed most to thyroid function. The findings suggested that maintaining the appropriate concentration of minerals, either as individuals or a mixture, is important for thyroid health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhe Mo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
| | - Xueqing Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fanjia Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
| | - Yahui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guangming Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
| | - Xuemin Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.G.); (Z.M.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (F.G.); (Y.L.); (G.M.); (X.H.)
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14
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Yokokawa H, Morita Y, Hamada I, Ohta Y, Fukui N, Makino N, Ohata E, Naito T. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with zinc deficiency: analysis of a nationwide Japanese medical claims database. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2791. [PMID: 38307882 PMCID: PMC10837122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency, affecting more than 2 billion people globally, poses a significant public health burden due to its numerous unfavorable effects, such as impaired immune function, taste and smell disorders, pneumonia, growth retardation, visual impairment, and skin disorders. Despite its critical role, extensive large-scale studies investigating the correlation between patient characteristics and zinc deficiency still need to be completed. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional observational study using a nationwide Japanese claims database from January 2019 to December 2021. The study population included 13,100 patients with available serum zinc concentration data, excluding individuals under 20 and those assessed for zinc concentrations after being prescribed zinc-containing medication. Significant associations with zinc deficiency were noted among older adults, males, and inpatients. Multivariate analysis, adjusting for age and sex, indicated significant associations with comorbidities, including pneumonitis due to solids and liquids with an adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of 2.959; decubitus ulcer and pressure area (aOR 2.403), sarcopenia (aOR 2.217), COVID-19 (aOR 1.889), and chronic kidney disease (aOR 1.835). Significant association with medications, including spironolactone (aOR 2.523), systemic antibacterials (aOR 2.419), furosemide (aOR 2.138), antianemic preparations (aOR 2.027), and thyroid hormones (aOR 1.864) were also found. These results may aid clinicians in identifying patients at risk of zinc deficiency, potentially improving care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohide Yokokawa
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morita
- Department of Data Science, Nobelpharma Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Hamada
- Department of Data Science, Nobelpharma Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ohta
- Department of Data Science, Nobelpharma Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukui
- Department of Academic Services, 4DIN Ltd., #805 Shinbashiekimae Bldg.1 2-20-15 Shinbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan.
- Center for Promotion of Data Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nao Makino
- Department of Academic Services, 4DIN Ltd., #805 Shinbashiekimae Bldg.1 2-20-15 Shinbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
- Center for Promotion of Data Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Ohata
- Department of Academic Services, 4DIN Ltd., #805 Shinbashiekimae Bldg.1 2-20-15 Shinbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
- Center for Promotion of Data Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Wen X, Wang J, Pei X, Zhang X. Zinc-based biomaterials for bone repair and regeneration: mechanism and applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11405-11425. [PMID: 38010166 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important trace elements in the human body and plays a key role in various physiological processes, especially in bone metabolism. Zn-containing materials have been reported to enhance bone repair through promoting cell proliferation, osteogenic activity, angiogenesis, and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, Zn-based biomaterials are potential substitutes for traditional bone grafts. In this review, the specific mechanisms of bone formation promotion by Zn-based biomaterials were discussed, and recent developments in their application in bone tissue engineering were summarized. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives of Zn-based biomaterials were concluded, revealing their attractive potential and development directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xibo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Jiang W, Lu G, Qiao T, Yu X, Luo Q, Tong J, Fan S, Chai L, Gao D, Wang R, Deng C, Lv Z, Li D. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals a distinct microbial and metabolic signature in Graves' disease and hypothyroidism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21463. [PMID: 38034621 PMCID: PMC10681928 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reveal that imbalanced microbiota is related to thyroid diseases. However, studies on the alterations in fecal metabolites in Graves' disease and clinical hypothyroidism patients are insufficient. Here, we identified 21 genera and 53 metabolites that were statistically significant among Graves' disease patients, hypothyroidism patients, and controls integrating microbiome and untargeted metabolome analysis. Disease groups revealed a decreased abundance in butyrate-producing microbiota and an increased abundance in potentially pathogenic microbiota. Lipids molecules were the major differential metabolites identified in all fecal samples. Network analysis recognized that microbiota may affect thyroid function by targeting specific metabolites. We further identified specific microbiota and metabolites that could distinguish Graves' disease patients, hypothyroidism patients, and controls. Our study reveals a distinct microbial and metabolic signature in hypothyroidism patients and Graves' disease patients and further validates the potential role of microbiota in thyroid diseases, providing new ideas for future research into the etiology and clinical intervention of thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganghua Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaqing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Tong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suyun Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwen Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Gorini F, Tonacci A. Tumor Microbial Communities and Thyroid Cancer Development-The Protective Role of Antioxidant Nutrients: Application Strategies and Future Directions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1898. [PMID: 37891977 PMCID: PMC10604861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC), the most frequent malignancy of the endocrine system, has recorded an increasing incidence in the last decades. The etiology of TC remains at least partly unknown and, among modifiable risk factors, the gut microbiota and dietary nutrients (vitamins, essential microelements, polyphenols, probiotics) have been recognized to not only influence thyroid function, but exert critical effects on TC development and progression. Recent discoveries on the existence of tumor microbiota also in the TC microenvironment provide further evidence for the essential role of tumor microorganisms in TC etiology and severity, as well as acting as prognostic markers and as a potential target of adjuvant care in the treatment of TC patients. Therefore, in this review, we summarize current knowledge on the relationship of the tumor microbiome with the clinical tumor characteristics and TC progression, also illustrating the molecular mechanisms underlying this association, and how antioxidant nutrients may be used as a novel strategy to both control gut health and reduce the risk for TC. Furthermore, we discuss how new technologies might be exploited for the development of new foods with high nutritional values, antioxidant capability, and even attractiveness to the individual in terms of sensory and emotional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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18
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Lu L, Huang Z, Wang X, Chen J. Interaction Between Dietary Selenium and Zinc Intakes on Hypothyroidism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4667-4676. [PMID: 36749549 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the independent association of dietary selenium and zinc intakes with the risk of hypothyroidism and interaction effect between dietary selenium and zinc intakes with the risk of hypothyroidism in Americans. The data of this cross-sectional study was from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. The outcome was defined as new-onset hypothyroidism. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression and the subgroup analyses based on gender and body mass index (BMI) were conducted to evaluate the association between the dietary selenium and zinc intakes and new-onset hypothyroidism. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A total of 6402 participants were included with 131 (2.05%) developed a hypothyroidism in this study. Compared with participants with high zinc intake, those with low zinc intake had a higher risk of new-onset hypothyroidism (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.05-2.90). Moreover, we also found a significant interaction between dietary selenium level intake and dietary zinc level intake on new-onset hypothyroidism risk (OR = 5.99, 95% CI: 1.77-20.23). There was an interaction between dietary selenium and zinc intakes on the risk of new-onset hypothyroidism, especially the significant effect for adults with women or overweight. The findings indicated that improving the levels of dietary zinc and selenium intake may be beneficial in preventing of new-onset hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Ruggeri RM, Barbalace MC, Croce L, Malaguti M, Campennì A, Rotondi M, Cannavò S, Hrelia S. Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders: The Mediterranean Diet as a Protective Choice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3953. [PMID: 37764737 PMCID: PMC10535745 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases are on the rise worldwide, and such a rapid increase is mainly driven by environmental factors related to changed lifestyles in "modern" societies. In this context, diet seems to play a crucial role. An unhealthy high-energy diet, rich in animal fat and proteins, salt and refined sugars (the so-called "Western diet") negatively influences the risk of autoimmunity by altering the immune balance and the gut microbiota composition, enhancing oxidative stress and promoting inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet represents a unique model of healthy eating, characterized by a high intake of food from vegetable sources, a low consumption of saturated fats in favor of unsaturated fats (mainly, olive oil), a moderate consumption of fish (typically, the small oily fishes) and dairy products, as well as a moderate consumption of wine at meals, and a low intake of meat. Thanks to its nutritional components, the Mediterranean Diet positively influences immune system function, gut microbiota composition, and redox homeostasis, exerting anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. The present review was aimed at exploring the existing knowledge on the correlations between dietary habits and thyroid autoimmunity, to evaluate the role of the Mediterranean diet as a protective model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood DETEV “G. Barresi”, Endocrinology Unit, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Laura Croce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Salvatore Cannavò
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood DETEV “G. Barresi”, Endocrinology Unit, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.B.); (S.H.)
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20
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Kravchenko V, Zakharchenko T. Thyroid hormones and minerals in immunocorrection of disorders in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1225494. [PMID: 37711890 PMCID: PMC10499380 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1225494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones and essential elements iodine (I), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), etc. play an important role in the work of many organs and systems of the body, including the immune system and the thyroid gland, and a violation of their supply can be the cause of pathological changes in them. In pathology, the interaction between thyroid hormones (TG), minerals and the immune system is disturbed. The review of the literature examines the immunomodulatory role of TG, minerals, their properties, and their participation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The study of the relationship between the excess or deficiency of minerals and AITD is described. The basis of the development of AITD - Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD), Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is the loss of immune tolerance to thyroid antigens - thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R). Immune-mediated mechanisms - production of autoantibodies to thyroid antigens and lymphocytic thyroid infiltration - are involved in the pathogenesis of AITD. Insufficiency of regulatory T cells (Treg) and regulatory B cells (Breg), imbalance between Th17-lymphocytes and Treg-lymphocytes, abnormal production of pro-inflammatory cytokines has a significant influence on the progression of AITD. With AITD, the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed and oxidative stress (OS) occurs. The lack of modern effective pharmacological therapy of AITD prompted us to consider the mechanisms of influence, possibilities of immunocorrection of pathogenetic factors using TG, micro/macronutrients. In order to develop a more effective treatment strategy, as well as approaches to prevention, a critical analysis of the ways of immunotherapeutic use of dietary supplements of I, Se, Zn, Mg and other minerals in AITD was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Kravchenko
- Epidemiology of Endocrine Diseases, Vasily Pavlovich Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv, Ukraine
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21
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Lu YY, Cao M, Li F, Tian M, Ren H, Chi Q, Huang Q. Atmospheric PM 2.5 induce autophagy and autophagic flux blockage in HUVEC cells via ROS/TXNIP signaling: Important role of metal components. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130623. [PMID: 37056006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy was involved in vascular endothelial injury caused by PM2.5, which aggravated the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. However, major toxic components and underlying mechanism responsible for PM2.5-induced autophagy remain unclear. In this study, the effects of water-extracted PM2.5 (WE-PM2.5) on autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were studied. Our results showed WE-PM2.5 promoted autophagosome initiation and formation, meanwhile, lysosomal function was impaired, which further caused autophagic flux blockage in HUVEC cells. Furthermore, removal of metals alleviated WE-PM2.5-induced autophagic flux blockage, while the artificial metal mixture reproduced the WE-PM2.5 response. Mechanistically, ROS regulated autophagy-related proteins evidenced by BECN1, LC3B and p62 expression reversed by NAC pretreatment in WE-PM2.5-exposed cells. WE-PM2.5 also increased TXNIP expression mediated by ROS; moreover, knockdown of TXNIP in WE-PM2.5-exposed cells decreased BECN1 and LC3B expression, but had little effects on the expression of p62, CTSB, and CTSD, indicating WE-PM2.5-induced TXNIP was involved in autophagosome initiation and formation rather than autophagic degradation. Collectively, WE-PM2.5-induced ROS not only promoted autophagosome initiation and formation, but also inhibited autophagic degradation. However, as the downstream molecule of ROS, TXNIP was only involved in autophagosome initiation and formation. Importantly, WE-PM2.5-bound metals were largely responsible for autophagic flux blockage in HUVEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yang Lu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Meiyi Cao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 10386, China
| | - Fuping Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hongyun Ren
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chi
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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22
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Optimizing Growth: The Case for Iodine. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040814. [PMID: 36839172 PMCID: PMC9959690 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient and component of thyroid hormone. An adequate dietary iodine intake is critical to maintain and promote normal growth and development, especially during vulnerable life stages such as pregnancy and early infancy. The role of iodine in cognitive development is supported by numerous interventional and observational studies, and when iodine intake is too low, somatic growth is also impaired. This can be clearly seen in cases of untreated congenital hypothyroidism related to severe iodine deficiency, which is characterized, in part, by a short stature. Nevertheless, the impact of a less severe iodine deficiency on growth, whether in utero or postnatal, is unclear. Robust studies examining the relationship between iodine and growth are rarely feasible, including the aspect of examining the effect of a single micronutrient on a process that is reliant on multiple nutrients for optimal success. Conversely, excessive iodine intake can affect thyroid function and the secretion of optimal thyroid hormone levels; however, whether this affects growth has not been examined. This narrative review outlines the mechanisms by which iodine contributes to the growth process from conception onwards, supported by evidence from human studies. It emphasizes the need for adequate iodine public health policies and their robust monitoring and surveillance, to ensure coverage for all population groups, particularly those at life stages vulnerable for growth. Finally, it summarizes the other micronutrients important to consider alongside iodine when seeking to assess the impact of iodine on somatic growth.
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23
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Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Zafirovic S, Gao X, Essack M, Isenovic ER. The protective role of nutritional antioxidants against oxidative stress in thyroid disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1092837. [PMID: 36686463 PMCID: PMC9846570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence of normal body and organ physiology, severely impaired oxidative homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' function and viability. The thyroid gland is an organ that exhibits both oxidative and antioxidative processes. In terms of OxS severity, the thyroid gland's response could be physiological (i.e. hormone production and secretion) or pathological (i.e. development of diseases, such as goitre, thyroid cancer, or thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants may benefit defensive antioxidative systems in resolving pro-oxidative dominance and redox imbalance, preventing or delaying chronic thyroid diseases. This review provides information on nutritional antioxidants and their protective roles against impaired redox homeostasis in various thyroid pathologies. We also review novel findings related to the connection between the thyroid gland and gut microbiome and analyze the effects of probiotics with antioxidant properties on thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhong L, Zhang H, Wu L, Ru H, Wei N, Yao F, Ni Z, Duan X, Li Y. Copper and Zinc Treatments Alter the Thyroid Endocrine System in Zebrafish Embryos/Larvae. TOXICS 2022; 10:756. [PMID: 36548589 PMCID: PMC9788113 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu2+) and zinc (Zn2+) are two kinds of heavy metals essential to living organisms. Cu2+ and Zn2+ at excessive concentrations can cause adverse effects on animals, but little is known about the thyroid-disrupting effects of these metals in fish, especially in the early developmental transition stage from embryos to larvae. Wild-type zebrafish embryos were used to expose to Cu2+ (0, 1.5, 15, and 150 μg/L) and Zn2+ (0, 20, 200, and 2000 μg/L) for 120 h. Thyroid hormone contents and transcriptional changes of the genes connected with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were measured. Results showed that zebrafish embryos/larvae malformation rates were significantly increased in the Cu2+ and Zn2+ groups. Remarkably elevated thyroxine (T4) concentrations and reduced triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were observed in Cu2+ and Zn2+ exposure fish. And the expression patterns of genes connected with the HPT axis were changed after Cu2+ and Zn2+ treatment. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) results, Zn2+ caused significant effects on the thyroid endocrine system at 200 μg/L, while Cu2+ resulted in thyroid disruption as low as 1.5 μg/L. In short, our study demonstrated that exposure to Cu2+ and Zn2+ induced developmental toxicity and thyroid disruption to zebrafish embryos/larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Zhong
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - He Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Universtiy, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Luyin Wu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huijun Ru
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Nian Wei
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xinbin Duan
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasingly, patients are asking their physicians about the benefits of dietary and alternative approaches to manage their diseases, including thyroid disease. We seek to review the evidence behind several of the vitamins, minerals, complementary medicines, and elimination diets that patients are most commonly using for the treatment of thyroid disorders. SUMMARY Several trace elements are essential to normal thyroid function, and their supplementation has been studied in various capacities. Iodine supplementation has been implemented on national scales through universal salt iodization with great success in preventing severe thyroid disease, but can conversely cause thyroid disorders when given in excess. Selenium and zinc supplementation has been found to be beneficial in specific populations with otherwise limited generalizability. Other minerals, such as vitamin B12, low-dose naltrexone, and ashwagandha root extract, have little to no evidence of any impact on thyroid disorders. Avoidance of gluten and dairy has positive impacts only in patients with concomitant sensitivities to those substances, likely by improving absorption of levothyroxine. Avoidance of cruciferous vegetables and soy has little proven benefit in patients with thyroid disorders. CONCLUSION While many patients are seeking to avoid conventional therapy and instead turn to alternative and dietary approaches to thyroid disease management, many of the most popular approaches have no proven benefit or have not been well studied. It is our responsibility to educate our patients about the evidence for or against benefit, potential harms, or dearth of knowledge behind these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Larsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sargun Singh
- Government Medical College Amritsar, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Maria Brito
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Caron P, Grunenwald S, Persani L, Borson-Chazot F, Leroy R, Duntas L. Factors influencing the levothyroxine dose in the hormone replacement therapy of primary hypothyroidism in adults. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:463-483. [PMID: 34671932 PMCID: PMC8528480 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Levothyroxine (LT4) is a safe, effective means of hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. Here, we review the pharmaceutical, pathophysiological and behavioural factors influencing the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of LT4. Any factor that alters the state of the epithelium in the stomach or small intestine will reduce and/or slow absorption of LT4; these include ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease, bariatric surgery, Helicobacter pylori infection, food intolerance, gastritis, mineral supplements, dietary fibre, resins, and various drugs. Once in the circulation, LT4 is almost fully bound to plasma proteins. Although free T4 (FT4) and liothyronine concentrations are extensively buffered, it is possible that drug- or disorder-induced changes in plasma proteins levels can modify free hormone levels. The data on the clinical significance of genetic variants in deiodinase genes are contradictory, and wide-scale genotyping of hypothyroid patients is not currently justified. We developed a decision tree for the physician faced with an abnormally high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in a patient reporting adequate compliance with the recommended LT4 dose. The physician should review medications, the medical history and the serum FT4 level and check for acute adrenal insufficiency, heterophilic anti-TSH antibodies, antibodies against gastric and intestinal components (gastric parietal cells, endomysium, and tissue transglutaminase 2), and Helicobacter pylori infection. The next step is an LT4 pharmacodynamic absorption test; poor LT4 absorption should prompt a consultation with a gastroenterologist and (depending on the findings) an increase in the LT4 dose level. An in-depth etiological investigation can reveal visceral disorders and, especially, digestive tract disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Caron
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Maladies métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Pouvourville, 31059, Toulouse Cedex, France.
| | - Solange Grunenwald
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Maladies métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Pouvourville, 31059, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Leonidas Duntas
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Evgenideion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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27
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Liang ZL, Chen F, Park S, Balasubramanian B, Liu WC. Impacts of Heat Stress on Rabbit Immune Function, Endocrine, Blood Biochemical Changes, Antioxidant Capacity and Production Performance, and the Potential Mitigation Strategies of Nutritional Intervention. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:906084. [PMID: 35720853 PMCID: PMC9201964 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.906084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress has become a widespread concern in the world, which is one of the major environmental stressors and causes substantial economic loss in the rabbit industry. Heat stress leads to multiple damages to the health of rabbits, such as organ damage, oxidative stress, disordered endocrine regulation, suppressed immune function and reproductive disorders, ultimately, induces the decreased production performance and increased mortality. Nutritional approaches, including feeding strategies, adjusting feed formula, and supplementing vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, Chinese herbal medicines, and functional active substances to the feed, were reported to mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress in rabbits. Therefore, elucidating the damage of heat stress to rabbits; proper management and nutritional approaches should be considered to solve the heat stress issue in rabbits. This review highlights the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on rabbit's immune function, endocrine, blood biochemical changes, antioxidant capacity and production performance, and the potential mitigation strategies of nutritional intervention to alleviate heat stress in rabbits; which could contribute to develop nutritional strategies in relieving heat stress of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Liang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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28
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Zavros A, Giannaki CD, Aphamis G, Roupa Z, Andreou E. The Effects of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Body Composition and Thyroid Function in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review. J Diet Suppl 2022:1-29. [PMID: 35532055 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2072044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
People with obesity have been found to have lower zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) circulatory levels and abnormal thyroid function than people with normal weight. Studies about the effects of Zn and Se supplementation on body composition and thyroid function of overweight-obese people showed inconsistent results. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted to determine the effects of Ζn supplementation, Se supplementation, and their combination on body composition and thyroid function of individuals with overweight or obesity. Databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane, were searched from inception to February 27, 2022, to identify relevant articles. For the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies, the Jadad scale was used. After screening the articles, thirteen studies were finally included and were analyzed using the strength of the evidence approach. Regarding the effectiveness of Zn supplementation on body composition, moderate evidence was found, while the effects of Se were found to be mixed. Zn supplementation was found to affect the thyroid function of people with overweight or obesity by increasing their free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels. However, this result is based only on one study among hypothyroid patients. At this point, the effectiveness of Zn, Se, and their combination, on the body composition and the thyroid function of people with overweight or obesity cannot safely be determined because of the controversial results, small number, and the limitations of the identified studies. The results of this systematic review must be interpreted with caution due to the limitations detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Zavros
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - George Aphamis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Zoe Roupa
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Andreou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Khalid W, Maqbool Z, Arshad MS, Kousar S, Akram R, Siddeeg A, Ali A, Qin H, Aziz A, Saeed A, Rahim MA, Zubair Khalid M, Ali H. Plant-derived functional components: prevent from various disorders by regulating the endocrine glands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Safura Kousar
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramish Akram
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | - Afifa Aziz
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Hina Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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30
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Salah I, Adjroud O, Elwej A. Protective Effects of Selenium and Zinc Against Nickel Chloride-Induced Hormonal Changes and Oxidative Damage in Thyroid of Pregnant Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2183-2194. [PMID: 34247319 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nickel chloride (NiCl2) is a heavy metal that may affect the function of the thyroid. Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. However, little is reported about thyrotoxicity during gestation. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of selenium and zinc against NiCl2-induced thyrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar rats. Female rats were treated subcutaneously (s.c.) on the 3rd day of pregnancy, with NaCl 0.9% and served as control, NiCl2 (100 mg/kg body weight (BW)) alone, or in association with Se (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.), ZnCl2 (20 mg/kg, s.c.), or both of them simultaneously. Oxidative stress parameters, thyroid biomarkers, and histopathological examination were evaluated. Results showed that NiCl2 exposure caused a significant decrease in maternal body weight and an increase in absolute and relative thyroid weight compared to the controls. NiCl2 administration also led to decreased plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) with a concomitant significant increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels when compared to that of control. In addition, an overall pro-oxidant effect was associated with a decrease in the reduced glutathione (GSH) and nonprotein thiol (NPSH) contents and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA). These biochemical disturbances were confirmed by histological changes. However, the co-treatment of Se and/or ZnCl2 attenuates NiCl2-induced changes. Our findings suggested that Se and ZnCl2 ameliorated NiCl2-induced thyrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar rats by exhibiting antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Salah
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physio-Toxicology-Pathology and Biomolecules, Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, 05078, Fesdis,, Batna 2, Algeria.
| | - Ounassa Adjroud
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physio-Toxicology-Pathology and Biomolecules, Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, 05078, Fesdis,, Batna 2, Algeria
| | - Awatef Elwej
- Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health (17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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31
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Dahiya V, Vasudeva N, Sharma S, Kumar A. Role of Dietary Supplements in Thyroid Diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:985-996. [PMID: 35440339 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220419125131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones play a vital role in regulating our body's metabolism. Two important thyroid hormones released from the thyroid gland are- tri-iodothyronine (T3) and tetra-iodothyronine (T4). Thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid regulating hormone control the T3 and T4 levels in our body. Increased TSH levels indicate hypothyroidism and decreased TSH levels indicate hyperthyroidism. Iodine is a crucial nutrient for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and is mostly obtained from our diet. Other essential nutrients for the thyroid hormones formation include selenium, iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, etc. Dietary changes in these nutrients can result in alterations in thyroid function and structure. Although, normally the hormonal diseases cannot be cured but we can improve their signs and symptoms using suitable dietary supplements. OBJECTIVE To thoroughly analyze the various benefits and risks associated with the use of dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of various thyroid disorders, like hypothyroidism, as seen in hashimoto's thyroiditis; hyperthyroidism, as seen in grave's disease, sick euthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. METHODS Literature was searched using the search terms; "dietary supplements+ thyroid diseases" on pub med, google scholar, scopus, cochrane library and other search engines and data was collected from 1967- November 2021 including research inputs from the authors. The literature was thoroughly read and deep knowledge was acquired on this topic, which was then sequentially organized and summarized using suitable tables and figures. CONCLUSION After analyzing the various studies on this topic we arrived at the conclusion that although, there are various claimed and observed health benefits of dietary supplements in prevention and treatment of various thyroid disorders; but still several studies have shown that, there are many risks associated too with the use of dietary supplements, and people using these products should be aware of these risks in order to use them very judiciously for the improvement of their thyroid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinesh Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Neeru Vasudeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas, USA
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Gustin K, Vahter M, Barman M, Jacobsson B, Skröder H, Filipsson Nyström H, Sandin A, Sandberg AS, Wold AE, Kippler M. Assessment of Joint Impact of Iodine, Selenium, and Zinc Status on Women's Third-Trimester Plasma Thyroid Hormone Concentrations. J Nutr 2022; 152:1737-1746. [PMID: 35383840 PMCID: PMC9258587 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine is essential for synthesizing thyroid hormones, but other micronutrients are also required for optimal thyroid function. However, there is a lack of data on combined micronutrient status in relation to thyroid hormones in pregnancy. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the joint associations of iodine, selenium, and zinc status with plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in pregnancy. METHODS We included 531 pregnant women (aged 22-40 y) participating in a Swedish birth cohort who provided blood and spot urine samples in gestational weeks 27-33 (mean: 29). Associations of urinary iodine concentration (UIC), plasma selenium concentration, and plasma zinc concentration (measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) with plasma hormone concentrations [total and free thyroxine (tT4, fT4), total and free triiodothyronine (tT3, fT3), and TSH] were explored with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR; n = 516; outliers excluded) and multivariable-adjusted linear regression (n = 531; splined for nonlinear associations). RESULTS Median (IQR) micronutrient concentrations were 112 μg/L (80-156 μg/L) for UIC, 67 μg/L (58-76 μg/L) for plasma selenium, and 973 μg/L (842-1127 μg/L) for plasma zinc; the former 2 median values were below recommended concentrations (150 μg/L and 70 μg/L, respectively). Mean ± SD TSH concentration was 1.7 ± 0.87 mIU/L, with 98% < 4 mIU/L. BKMR showed a positive trend of joint micronutrient concentrations in relation to TSH. Plasma zinc was most influential for all hormones but tT3, for which plasma selenium was most influential. In adjusted linear regression models, zinc was positively associated with tT4, tT3, and TSH, and <1200 μg/L also with fT4 and fT3. Selenium was inversely associated with fT3, and <85 μg/L with tT3. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women's plasma TSH concentrations in the early third trimester increased with increasing joint status of iodine, selenium, and zinc. Zinc and selenium were more influential than iodine for the hormone concentrations. Multiple micronutrients need consideration in future studies of thyroid hormone status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Gustin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Barman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Skröder
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Filipsson Nyström
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Endocrinology, Specialized Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Wallenberg's Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hopsital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandin
- Department of Clinical Science, Pediatrics, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Iodine deficiency disturbs the metabolic profile and elemental composition of human breast milk. Food Chem 2022; 371:131329. [PMID: 34808765 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) has a beneficial impact on health programming, growth and neurodevelopment of newborns.Increase in iodine intake is recommended for pregnant women in order to produce enough thyroid hormones to meet foetal requirements.In this work, a combined analytical multiplatform based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled toquadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometryhas been appliedinthe first metabolomic study of HBM ofiodine-deficientwomen. In addition, the elemental composition of HBM has been determined by inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Remarkably,31 metaboliteswith important biological roles(e.g. glycerophospholipids for neurodevelopment)were seentobe alteredin the HBM of iodine-deficient women. The main metabolic pathwaysalteredinclude lipid metabolism, amino acid cycle, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis.Additionally, the concentration of selenium, zinc and copperwere seento be significantlylowerin HBM of iodine-deficient women.
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Sampaio RAG, Riet-Correa F, Barbosa FMS, de Gois DD, Lima RC, da Silva IG, da Silva VM, Oliveira AM, Simões SVD, Lucena RB. Diffuse Alopecia and Thyroid Atrophy in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123530. [PMID: 34944304 PMCID: PMC8698121 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid dysfunction substantially affects quality of life, causing disturbances in different organs. A low intake of selenium and zinc can predispose to thyroid changes, resulting in hypothyroidism. A deficiency of selenium and zinc causes thyroid dysfunction and skin lesions. This paper describes natural cases of diffuse alopecia and thyroid abnormalities in sheep with selenium and zinc deficiency. The sheep had severe alopecia, and the thyroid hormones serum concentrations were below the reference values for the species. Zinc and Se concentrations were low in the serum and liver, and the thyroid gland was smaller than normal size. The present study is important as it is the first study examining zinc and Se deficiencies causing hypothyroidism in sheep. Furthermore, thyroid disorders affect the quality of life of humans and animals, and are associated with many organ-specific and non-organ-specific disorders. Abstract Thyroid dysfunction substantially affects the quality of life due to its association with various disorders in different organs. A low intake of selenium and zinc can predispose to thyroid alterations, resulting in hypothyroidism. A deficiency of selenium and zinc causes direct and indirect skin lesions, both by the action of free radicals on the skin and by thyroid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to describe natural cases of diffuse alopecia and thyroid abnormalities in sheep with selenium and zinc deficiency. Five adult sheep presented marked and diffuse alopecia, and the residual hairs were dry and brittle. The skin was thick and crusty, with marked peeling. The triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) serum concentrations were below reference values for the species. Zinc and Se concentrations were low in both the serum and liver. During necropsy, cachexia associated with serous fat atrophy was observed, and the thyroid glands showed marked atrophy. Microscopically, the thyroid presented multifocal to coalescent atrophy, with atrophied and dilated follicles, macrophage infiltration, and the presence of fibrous connective tissue. The skin revealed hyperkeratosis and edema. It is concluded that thyroid atrophy, alopecia, and hyperkeratosis are associated with low serum and liver concentrations of zinc and selenium in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubia Avlade Guedes Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
- Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Francisca Maria Sousa Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
| | - Daniela Dantas de Gois
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
| | - Raquel Costa Lima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
| | - Iara Geovana da Silva
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
| | - Vitória Maria da Silva
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
| | - Alexandra Melo Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
| | - Sara Vilar Dantas Simões
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lucena
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
- Correspondence: or
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Khayal EES, Ibrahim HM, Shalaby AM, Alabiad MA, El-Sheikh AA. Combined lead and zinc oxide-nanoparticles induced thyroid toxicity through 8-OHdG oxidative stress-mediated inflammation, apoptosis, and Nrf2 activation in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2589-2604. [PMID: 34553816 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A human is exposed to a chemical mixture rather than a single chemical, particularly with the wide spread of nanomaterials. Therefore, the present study evaluated the combined exposure of lead acetate (Pb) and zinc oxide-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) compared to each metal alone on the thyroid gland of adult rats. A total of 30 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups, group I (control), group II received Pb (10 mg/kg), group III received ZnO-NPs (85 mg/kg) and group IV co-administrated the two metals in the same previous doses. The materials were gavaged for 8 weeks. The toxicity was assessed through several biochemical parameters. Our results revealed significant body weight reduction relative to increased thyroid weights, decreased both of serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), tetra-iodothyronine (FT4), increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), increased serum and thyroid levels of Pb and zinc, significant elevation in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reduction in interleukin 4 (IL4), upregulation of Bax, and downregulation of Bcl-2 genes. Additionally, there was significant overexpression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), the elevation of tissues malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction of tissues total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and disruptive thyroid structural alterations in all metals groups with marked changes in the combined metals group. In conclusion, the combined exposure of Pb and ZnO-NPs induced pronounced toxic thyroid injury, pointing to additive effects in rats than the individual metal effects through different significant changes of disruptive thyroid structural alterations related to the loading of thyroid tissues with Pb and zinc metals producing oxidative stress that mediated inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman El-Sayed Khayal
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Ibrahim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Arwa A El-Sheikh
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Błażewicz A, Wiśniewska P, Skórzyńska-Dziduszko K. Selected Essential and Toxic Chemical Elements in Hypothyroidism-A Literature Review (2001-2021). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10147. [PMID: 34576309 PMCID: PMC8472829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are known for controlling metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and electrolytes and for regulating body temperature. Normal thyroid status depends on the chemical/elemental composition of body fluids and tissues, which changes depending on physiological state, lifestyle and environment. A deficiency or excess of certain essential chemical elements (selenium, zinc, copper, iron or fluorine) or exposure to toxic (cadmium or lead) or potentially toxic elements (manganese or chromium) interacts with thyroid hormone synthesis and may disturb thyroid homeostasis. In our review, accessible databases (Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched for articles from 2001-2021 on the influence of selected chemical elements on the development of hypothyroidism. Our review adopted some of the strengths of a systematic review. After non-eligible reports were rejected, 29 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that disruption of the physiological levels of elements in the body adversely affects the functioning of cells and tissues, which can lead to the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Wiśniewska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Skórzyńska-Dziduszko
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Street, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
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Ostróżka-Cieślik A, Dolińska B, Ryszka F. Effectiveness Assessment of a Modified Preservation Solution Containing Thyrotropin or Follitropin Based on Biochemical Analysis in Perfundates and Homogenates of Isolated Porcine Kidneys after Static Cold Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168360. [PMID: 34445068 PMCID: PMC8395071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we assess the nephroprotective effects of thyrotropin and follitropin during ischaemia. The studies were performed in vitro in a model of isolated porcine kidneys stored in Biolasol (FZNP, Biochefa, Sosnowiec, Poland) and modified Biolasol (TSH: 1 µg/L; FSH 1 µg/L). We used the static cold storage method. The study was carried out based on 30 kidneys. The kidneys were placed in 500 mL of preservation solution chilled to 4 °C. The samples for biochemical tests were collected during the first kidney perfusion (after 2 h of storage) and during the second perfusion (after 48 h of storage). The results of ALT, AST, and LDH activities confirm the effectiveness of Biolasol + p-TSH in maintaining the structural integrity of renal cell membranes. Significantly reduced biochemical parameters of kidney function, i.e., creatinine and protein concentrations were also observed after 48 h storage. The protective effect of Biasol + p-TSH is most pronounced after 2 h of storage, suggesting a mild course of damage thereafter. A mild deterioration of renal function was observed after 48 h. The results of our analyses did not show any protective effect of Biolasol + p-FSH on the kidneys during ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Ostróżka-Cieślik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Dolińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- “Biochefa” Pharmaceutical Research and Production Plant, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Florian Ryszka
- “Biochefa” Pharmaceutical Research and Production Plant, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Pathak R, Pathak A. Effectiveness of Zinc Supplementation on Lithium-Induced Alterations in Thyroid Functions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2266-2271. [PMID: 32851540 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is an integral drug used in the management of acute mania, unipolar and bipolar depression, and prophylaxis of bipolar disorders. Thyroid abnormalities have been associated with treatment with lithium. Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a role in several biological activities. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the potential role of zinc in the thyroid gland following lithium administration to explore the role of zinc under such conditions. To achieve this goal, male Wistar rats (150-195 g) were divided into four groups: Group 1 animals were fed standard pellet feed and tap water ad lib; Group 2 rats were fed lithium in the form of lithium carbonate through diet at a concentration of 1.1 g/kg body weight; Group 3 animals received zinc treatment in the form of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O) at a dose level of 227 mg/L mixed with drinking water of the animals; and Group 4 animals were given lithium and zinc in a similar manner as was given to the animals belonging to groups 2 and 4 respectively. The role of zinc on thyroid functions in lithium-treated rats was studied after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of different treatments. Zinc has been observed to have the capability to nearly normalize the altered 2-h uptake of 131I, biological and effective half-lives of 131I, and circulating T4 levels that were altered after lithium treatment. The present study concludes that zinc may be an effective agent in normalizing the adverse effects caused by lithium on thyroid functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Pathak
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia.
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ashima Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh, India
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Parihar AS, Dabas G, De D, Sood A, Jois AGA, Radotra BD, Mittal BR. Necrolytic Acral Erythema in Association With Hypothyroidism. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 156:1268-1270. [PMID: 32609370 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Singh Parihar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Garima Dabas
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipankar De
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Sood
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhiram G A Jois
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bishan Dass Radotra
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Fazel Torshizi F, Chamani M, Khodaei HR, Sadeghi AA, Hejazi SH, Heravi RM. The Effects of Zinc Methionine on Reproductive and Thyroid Hormones in Rats with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Adv Biomed Res 2021; 9:57. [PMID: 33457340 PMCID: PMC7792867 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_144_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder in fertile women, which seems to be adversely affected by associated thyroid dysfunction. Zinc methionine (ZM) has positive effects on PCOS, but its concerted effects on PCOS and thyroid function have not been investigated. We evaluated the effects of ZM on reproductive and thyroid hormones and the number of follicles in rats with PCOS. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 45 female rats, using sesame oil as control; PCOS animals administered with 0, 25, 75, and 175 mg/kg BW of ZM. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid function were investigated. Premature follicles (PMF), primary follicles (PF), preantral follicles (PAF), antral follicles (AF), corpus luteum (CL), and cystic follicles (CF) were assessed. Results PCOS decreased the concentrations of FSH and free T4, but increased the levels of LH, TSH, and LH/FSH ratio (ALL P < 0.05). ZM at a dose of 75 and 175 mg increased the level of FSH, free T4, and decreased LH, TSH, and LH/FSH ratio (ALL P < 0.05). Induction of PCOS decreased PMF, PF, PAF, AF, and CL, but increased CF (P < 0.05). PCOS treated groups (75 and 175 mg/kg) increased these follicle numbers and decreased CF compared to ZM 25 mg/kg and PCOS groups (Both P < 0.05). Conclusions Although the induction of PCOS had a negative effect on reproductive and thyroid hormones and follicle numbers, ZM treatment (75 and 175 mg/kg) overcame the negative effects. A high dosage of ZM can alleviate the hormonal and cysts disturbances occurring in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Fazel Torshizi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chamani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khodaei
- Department of Animal Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Golpayegan Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rios-Lugo MJ, Madrigal-Arellano C, Gaytán-Hernández D, Hernández-Mendoza H, Romero-Guzmán ET. Association of Serum Zinc Levels in Overweight and Obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:51-57. [PMID: 32020525 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of zinc (Zn) have adverse effects on physiological and metabolic functions in humans, especially in processes linked with obesity. In this work, serum Zn levels and their associations with biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol), sex, and body mass index (BMI) were determined. The distribution of the study sample by sex was homogeneous: 52.6% were women and 47.4% were men. Women had higher BMI and Zn levels (normal weight and obesity) than men, but the differences in BMI and serum Zn levels by sex were not significant (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the results obtained showed a decrease in serum Zn levels in overweight and obese individuals (p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between BMI and serum Zn levels (r = - 0.663 and p < 0.001); additionally, a significant correlation was identified between cholesterol and triglyceride values (r = 0.493 and p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated decreased serum Zn levels in overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Judith Rios-Lugo
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, UASLP, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
- Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Salud y Biomedicina. UASLP, Avda Sierra Leona 550, CP 78210, San Luis, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Casandra Madrigal-Arellano
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, UASLP, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Darío Gaytán-Hernández
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, UASLP, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Héctor Hernández-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, UASLP, Altair 200, CP 78377, San Luis, S.L.P., Mexico.
- Universidad del Centro de México, Capitán Caldera 75, CP 78250, San Luis, S.L.P., Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Teresita Romero-Guzmán
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigaciones en Forense Nuclear (LANAFONU), Gerencia de Tecnología Nuclear, Dirección de Investigación Tecnológica, Carretera México s/n, CP 52750, Toluca, La Marquesa Ocoyoacác, Mexico
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42
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Plasma mineral (selenium, zinc or copper) concentrations in the general pregnant population, adjusted for supplement intake, in relation to thyroid function. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:71-78. [PMID: 32660679 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000255x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on first-trimester reference ranges of plasma mineral Se/Zn/Cu concentration in relation to free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), assessed at 12 weeks' gestation in 2041 pregnant women, including 544 women not taking supplements containing Se/Zn/Cu. The reference range (2·5th-97·5th percentiles) in these 544 women was 0·72-1·25 µmol/l for Se, 17·15-35·98 µmol/l for Cu and 9·57-16·41 µmol/l for Zn. These women had significantly lower mean plasma Se concentration (0·94 (sd 0·12) µmol/l) than those (n 1479) taking Se/Zn/Cu supplements (1·03 (sd 0·14) µmol/l; P < 0·001), while the mean Cu (26·25 µmol/l) and Zn (12·55 µmol/l) concentrations were almost identical in these sub-groups. Women with hypothyroxinaemia (FT4 below reference range with normal TSH) had significantly lower plasma Zn concentrations than euthyroid women. After adjusting for covariates including supplement intake, plasma Se (negatively), Zn and Cu (positively) concentrations were significantly related to logFT4; Se and Cu (but not Zn) were positively and significantly related to logTSH. Women taking additional Se/Zn/Cu supplements were 1·46 (95 % CI 1·09, 2·04) times less likely to have elevated titres of TPO-Ab at 12 weeks of gestation. We conclude that first-trimester Se reference ranges are influenced by Se-supplement intake, while Cu and Zn ranges are not. Plasma mineral Se/Zn/Cu concentrations are associated with thyroid FT4 and TSH concentrations. Se/Zn/Cu supplement intake affects TPO-Ab status. Future research should focus on the impact of trace mineral status during gestation on thyroid function.
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Rezaei M, Javadmoosavi SY, Mansouri B, Azadi NA, Mehrpour O, Nakhaee S. Thyroid dysfunction: how concentration of toxic and essential elements contribute to risk of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35787-35796. [PMID: 31701424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of trace metals Fe, Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg, Zn, and Pb in healthy individuals and patients with thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and cancerous). The serum levels of 110 participants living in Birjand City, east of Iran, were collected and analyzed using ICP-MS (Agilent 7900). Results showed that the concentration levels of Cr, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb were significantly higher at case-patients (p < 0.05), but the levels of Fe, Ni, and Hg were similar between healthy and patient subjects (p > 0.05). In patients with high or low thyroid activity, strong mutual correlations between Cr, Ni, and Fe were noticeable (p < 0.05). In hypothyroid patients, no significant correlation between Zn and Hg, Co, and Cd was found, but Zn was moderately and positively correlated with other trace metals. The moderate negative correlations between Cd-Cr (p = - 0.46) and Cd-Fe (p = - 0.43) were also observed. Logistic regression analysis showed that the effect of Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd was significant in developing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism; whereas, in patients with thyroid cancer, the effect of Cr, Cd, and Pb was found to be significant. In conclusion, our findings suggest that toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, and Cr can increase the risk of developing hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer, but more research is needed to evaluate the potential toxicity mechanisms of Pb, Cd, and Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezaei
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nammam Ali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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