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Mu Z, Niu X, George C, Wang X, Huang R, Ma Y, Pu W, Qi Y, Fu P, Deng J, Ma C, Hu N, Li X, Wang X. Accumulation of dissolved organic matter in the transition from fresh to aged seasonal snow in an industrial city in NE China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159337. [PMID: 36228802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a significant role in the reduction of snow albedo and the acceleration of snowmelt, but its accumulation in snow remains poorly understood. This study investigated the accumulation of DOM in seasonal snow including its accumulation rate, molecular characteristics, and biological and chemical processing. Sixteen snow samples of both fresh and aged snow were collected at one-day interval in Changchun, a typical industrial city in NE China. The snow DOM contents increased linearly with accumulation time at a rate of 30.3 μg L-1 d-1. The optical properties, including fluorescence intensity and optical absorption coefficient, of snowmelt increased exponentially with time owing to the rapid accumulation of terrestrial humic-like fluorophores through snow-soil exchange and deposition of soil-derived substances. Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry highlighted the properties of DOM at a molecular level, indicating that compounds derived from underlying soil and vascular plants make the largest contribution to DOM. Microbe-derived compounds contribute 35.5 % to the DOM pool. Degrees of saturation and oxidation increase slightly after accumulation, with the impacts of photo- and bio-chemistry on DOM molecules being non-negligible. This study provides a new perspective concerning the accumulation and fate of organic contaminants in snow ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Mu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Christian George
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xinke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - Rujin Huang
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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2
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Kim S, Omur-Ozbek P, Carlson K. Characterization of Organic Matter in Water from Oil and Gas Wells Hydraulically Fractured with Recycled Water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:120551. [PMID: 32380409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was performed to understand how frac fluid with recycled water (RWA) and frac fluid with fresh water (FWA) compare when subjected to downhole temperature and oxidation conditions. Ethylene oxide and propylated glycol functional units were quantified from both RWA and FWA. Qualitative analysis was performed using Agilent qualitative analysis software B.06.00 based on the exact mass of the chemical compound. Acetone, aldol, alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde resin, diethylbenzene, dipropylene glycol, d-Limonene, ether salt, ethylbenzene, n-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, dodecylbenzenesulfonate isopropanolamine, polyethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol were detected in FWA and RWA samples. In the van Krevelen diagram, FWA and RWA show a low degree of oxidation and highly saturated organic compounds. Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis was applied using ethylene oxide and propylated glycol units. KMD analysis based on ethylene oxide was scattered between 0 and 0.1, while some KMD analyses based on the propylated glycol are close to 1. FWA had an average carbon number of 32.3 and double bond equivalent (DBE) of 9.8 while RWA had average carbon number of 31.5 and DBE of 9.5. RWA contained predominantly C21-C40 compounds, while FWA had a higher concentration in the over C41 range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyun Kim
- Department of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Pinar Omur-Ozbek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1372, United States
| | - Ken Carlson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1372, United States.
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3
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Molecular Signatures of Humic Acids from Different Sources as Revealed by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7171582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is extremely important for understanding the geochemical cycle of pollutants in different environments. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has performed molecular-level analysis of two standard HAs from the Suwannee River (SRHA) and leonardite (LEHA) and HA from Jiufeng forest in Beijing (JFHA), which is impossible for other conventional instruments. Regardless of the source of HA, compounds containing more heteroatoms (such as nitrogen and sulfur) have a higher degree of unsaturation and aromaticity. JFHA, SRHA, and LEHA from soil, river, and leonardite, respectively, are arranged in order from the lowest to highest degree of humification, according to molecular unsaturation and aromaticity of HAs. Soil HA is more labile and contains many large molecular weight compounds with low unsaturation. Regardless of unsaturation, molecules of River HA have a homogeneous molecular mass distribution and contain many plant-derived lignin- and tannin-like compounds, which are more stable than lipid and more labile than condensed aromatics. Leonardite HA with a high degree of humification contains a large number of compounds with high aromaticity and more heteroatoms and has low lability. Our results reveal the diversity of humic acid at molecular level because of different degree of humification and the lability. These conclusions are significant for understanding the role of humic acid from different sources in pollutant transformation and the geochemical cycle at the molecular level.
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4
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Vogel AL, Lauer A, Fang L, Arturi K, Bachmeier F, Daellenbach KR, Käser T, Vlachou A, Pospisilova V, Baltensperger U, Haddad IE, Schwikowski M, Bjelić S. A Comprehensive Nontarget Analysis for the Molecular Reconstruction of Organic Aerosol Composition from Glacier Ice Cores. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12565-12575. [PMID: 31566955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ice cores are climate archives suitable for the reconstruction of past atmospheric composition changes. Ice core analysis provides valuable insight into the chemical nature of aerosols and enables constraining emission inventories of primary emissions and of gas-phase precursors. Changes in the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can affect formation rates and mechanisms as well as chemical composition of aerosols during the preindustrial era, key information for understanding aerosol climate effects. Here, we present an analytical method for the reconstruction of organic aerosol composition preserved in glacier ice cores. A solid-phase-extraction method, optimized toward oxidation products of biogenic VOCs, provides an enrichment factor of ∼200 and quantitative recovery for compounds of interest. We applied the preconcentration method on ice core samples from the high-alpine Fiescherhorn glacier (Swiss Alps), and used high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry as a sensitive detection method. We describe a nontarget analysis that screens for organic molecules in the ice core samples. We evaluate the atmospheric origin of the detected compounds in the ice by molecular-resolved comparison with airborne particulate matter samples from the nearby high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch. The presented method is able to shed light upon the history of the evolution of organic aerosol composition in the anthropocene, a research field in paleoclimatology with considerable potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Vogel
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe-University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Anja Lauer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe-University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Ling Fang
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Arturi
- Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Franziska Bachmeier
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe-University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Kaspar R Daellenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Timon Käser
- Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Athanasia Vlachou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Margit Schwikowski
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Saša Bjelić
- Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
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5
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Wadham JL, Hawkings JR, Tarasov L, Gregoire LJ, Spencer RGM, Gutjahr M, Ridgwell A, Kohfeld KE. Ice sheets matter for the global carbon cycle. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3567. [PMID: 31417076 PMCID: PMC6695407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cycling of carbon on Earth exerts a fundamental influence upon the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere, and hence global climate over millennia. Until recently, ice sheets were viewed as inert components of this cycle and largely disregarded in global models. Research in the past decade has transformed this view, demonstrating the existence of uniquely adapted microbial communities, high rates of biogeochemical/physical weathering in ice sheets and storage and cycling of organic carbon (>104 Pg C) and nutrients. Here we assess the active role of ice sheets in the global carbon cycle and potential ramifications of enhanced melt and ice discharge in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wadham
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK.
| | - J R Hawkings
- National High Magnetic Field Lab and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - L Tarasov
- Memorial University, St. John's, NF, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | | | - R G M Spencer
- National High Magnetic Field Lab and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | | | - A Ridgwell
- University of California, Riverside, CA, 94720, USA
| | - K E Kohfeld
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, 8888, Canada
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6
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The Contribution of Coniferous Canopy to the Molecular Diversity of Dissolved Organic Matter in Rainfall. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rainwater interacts with tree canopies in forest ecosystems, which greatly influence its quality. However, little information is available regarding how tree canopies influence dissolved organic matter (DOM) in rainwater. To examine this, we collected bulk deposition (rainfall) and throughfall in a conifer (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantation, western Japan, during a rain event, and analyzed their DOM molecular compositions using ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The dissolved organic carbon flux and the number of DOM molecular species detected were approximately seven times and three times higher in throughfall than in rainfall, respectively. We found that the average proportion of molecular species shared between five sample replicates was larger in throughfall (69%) than in rainfall (50%). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that the molecular species were significantly differentiated between throughfall and rainfall, and the dissimilarity among the replicates was much smaller in throughfall. This indicates that the quality of DOM in rainwater became spatially homogeneous due to contact with tree canopies. The number of lignin-like molecules was larger than those of any other biomolecular compounds in throughfall and seven times larger than in rainfall, suggesting that many of plant-derived DOM molecules were dissolved into rainwater.
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7
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Hullar T, Magadia D, Anastasio C. Photodegradation Rate Constants for Anthracene and Pyrene Are Similar in/on Ice and in Aqueous Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12225-12234. [PMID: 30251528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Snowpacks contain a variety of chemicals, including organic pollutants such as toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). While PAHs undergo photodegradation in snow and ice, the rates of these reactions remain in debate. Some studies report that photochemical reactions in snow proceed at rates similar to those expected in a supercooled aqueous solution, but other studies report faster reaction rates, particularly at the air-ice interface (i.e., the quasi-liquid layer, or QLL). In addition, one study reported a surprising nonlinear dependence on photon flux. Here we examine the photodegradation of two common PAHs, anthracene and pyrene, in/on ice and in solution. For a given PAH, rate constants are similar in aqueous solution, in internal liquid-like regions of ice, and at the air-ice interface. In addition, we find the expected linear relationship between reaction rate constant and photon flux. Our results indicate that rate constants for the photochemical loss of PAHs in, and on, snow and ice are very similar to those in aqueous solution, with no enhancement at the air-ice interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Hullar
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Danielle Magadia
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Now at California Department of Food and Agriculture , 3292 Meadowview , Sacramento , California 95832 , United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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8
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Retelletti Brogi S, Ha SY, Kim K, Derrien M, Lee YK, Hur J. Optical and molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Arctic ice core and the underlying seawater (Cambridge Bay, Canada): Implication for increased autochthonous DOM during ice melting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:802-811. [PMID: 29426205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sea ice contains a large amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which can be released into the ocean once it melts. In this study, Arctic sea ice DOM was characterized for its optical (fluorescence) properties as well as the molecular sizes and composition via size exclusion chromatography and Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Ice cores were collected along with the underlying seawater samples in Cambridge Bay, an Arctic area experiencing seasonal ice formation. The ice core samples revealed a marked enrichment of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compared to the seawater counterparts (up to 6.2 times greater). The accumulation can be attributed to in situ production by the autotrophic and heterotrophic communities. Fluorescence excitation emission matrices (EEMs) elaborated with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) evidenced the prevalence of protein-like substances in the ice cores, which likely results from in situ production followed by accumulation in the ice. Size exclusion chromatography further revealed the in situ production of all DOM size fractions, with the exception of the humic substance fraction. The majority of DOM in both the ice and seawater consists of low molecular weight compounds (<350 Da) probably derived by the microbial degradation/transformation of freshly produced DOM. Molecular characterization also supported the in situ production of DOM and highlighted the marked difference in molecular composition between sea ice and seawater. This study provides new insights into the possible role of sea ice DOM in the Arctic carbon cycle under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sun-Yong Ha
- Division of Polar Ocean Science Research, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Morgane Derrien
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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9
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Spatial variations in the molecular diversity of dissolved organic matter in water moving through a boreal forest in eastern Finland. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42102. [PMID: 28186141 PMCID: PMC5301308 DOI: 10.1038/srep42102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly affects water quality within boreal forest ecosystems. However, how the quality of DOM itself changes spatially is not well understood. In this study, to examine how the diversity of DOM molecules varies in water moving through a boreal forest, the number of DOM molecules in different water samples, i.e., rainwater, throughfall, soil water, groundwater, and stream water was determined using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in Norway spruce and Scots pine stands in eastern Finland during May and June 2010. The number of molecular compounds identified by FT-ICR MS (molecular diversity) ranged from 865 to 2,194, revealing large DOM molecular diversity in the water samples. Additionally, some of the molecular compounds were shared between different water samples. The DOM molecular diversity linearly correlated with the number of low-biodegradable molecules, such as, lignin-like molecules (lignins), but not with dissolved organic carbon concentration. The number of lignins shared between different sampling locations was larger than that of any other biomolecular class. Our results suggest that low-biodegradable molecules, especially lignins, regulate spatial variations in DOM molecular diversity in boreal forests.
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10
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Molecular formula assignment for dissolved organic matter (DOM) using high-field FT-ICR-MS: chemical perspective and validation of sulphur-rich organic components (CHOS) in pit lake samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2461-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Herzsprung P, v. Tümpling W, Hertkorn N, Harir M, Friese K, Schmitt-Kopplin P. High-Field FTICR-MS Data Evaluation of Natural Organic Matter: Are CHON5S2 Molecular Class Formulas Assigned to 13C Isotopic m/z and in Reality CHO Components? Anal Chem 2015; 87:9563-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Herzsprung
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolf v. Tümpling
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, Reasearch Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry
(BGC), Ingolstädter
Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, Reasearch Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry
(BGC), Ingolstädter
Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kurt Friese
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, Reasearch Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry
(BGC), Ingolstädter
Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Lawson EC, Bhatia MP, Wadham JL, Kujawinski EB. Continuous summer export of nitrogen-rich organic matter from the Greenland Ice Sheet inferred by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14248-14257. [PMID: 25375225 DOI: 10.1021/es501732h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Runoff from glaciers and ice sheets has been acknowledged as a potential source of bioavailable dissolved organic matter (DOM) to downstream ecosystems. This source may become increasingly significant as glacial melt rates increase in response to future climate change. Recent work has identified significant concentrations of bioavailable carbon and iron in Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) runoff. The flux characteristics and export of N-rich DOM are poorly understood. Here, we employed electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to determine the elemental compositions of DOM molecules in supraglacial water and subglacial runoff from a large GrIS outlet glacier. We provide the first detailed temporal analysis of the molecular composition of DOM exported over a full melt season. We find that DOM pools in supraglacial and subglacial runoff are compositionally diverse and that N-rich material is continuously exported throughout the melt season, as the snowline retreats further inland. Identification of protein-like compounds and a high proportion of N-rich DOM, accounting for 27-41% of the DOM molecules identified by ESI FT-ICR MS, may suggest a microbial provenance and high bioavailability of glacially exported DOM to downstream microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Lawson
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol , University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, United Kingdom
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13
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Understanding molecular formula assignment of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry data of natural organic matter from a chemical point of view. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7977-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Antony R, Grannas AM, Willoughby AS, Sleighter RL, Thamban M, Hatcher PG. Origin and sources of dissolved organic matter in snow on the East Antarctic ice sheet. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6151-6159. [PMID: 24804819 DOI: 10.1021/es405246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polar ice sheets hold a significant pool of the world's carbon reserve and are an integral component of the global carbon cycle. Yet, organic carbon composition and cycling in these systems is least understood. Here, we use ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to elucidate, at an unprecedented level, molecular details of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Antarctic snow. Tens of thousands of distinct molecular species are identified, providing clues to the nature and sources of organic carbon in Antarctica. We show that many of the identified supraglacial organic matter formulas are consistent with material from microbial sources, and terrestrial inputs of vascular plant-derived materials are likely more important sources of organic carbon to Antarctica than previously thought. Black carbon-like material apparently originating from biomass burning in South America is also present, while a smaller fraction originated from soil humics and appears to be photochemically or microbially modified. In addition to remote continental sources, we document signals of oceanic emissions of primary aerosols and secondary organic aerosol precursors. The new insights on the diversity of organic species in Antarctic snowpack reinforce the importance of studying organic carbon associated with the Earth's polar regions in the face of changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Antony
- National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa 403 804, India
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15
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Shakya KM, Peltier RE. Investigating missing sources of sulfur at Fairbanks, Alaska. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9332-9338. [PMID: 23927829 DOI: 10.1021/es402020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated disparities in elemental sulfur and inorganic sulfate concentrations in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data from 2005 to 2012 at a monitoring station in Fairbanks, AK. In approximately 28% of the observations from 2005 to 2012, elemental sulfur by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy significantly exceeded the inorganic sulfur by ion chromatography (IC), suggesting the presence of a significant quantity of unmeasured sulfur compounds. The mean ratio of sulfur by XRF to that by IC for only these cases was 1.22 ± 0.11. The largest discrepancies between elemental sulfur and sulfate were most frequently observed in the summer, although discrepancies were observed year round. Assuming the additional sulfur (other than inorganic sulfate) as the upper limit estimate, this work shows that organosulfur species (or the additional sulfur) account for 1.29% of organic carbon (OC) and 0.75% of PM2.5 in Fairbanks. An analysis of all available air quality system (AQS) data suggests that these recurring phenomena are linked to seasons, total carbon, inorganic nitrate, and elemental sources during cold periods and ozone during warm periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabindra M Shakya
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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16
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17
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Pautler BG, Woods GC, Dubnick A, Simpson AJ, Sharp MJ, Fitzsimons SJ, Simpson MJ. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter in glacial ice: coupling natural abundance 1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:3753-61. [PMID: 22385100 DOI: 10.1021/es203942y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glaciers and ice sheets are the second largest freshwater reservoir in the global hydrologic cycle, and the onset of global climate warming has necessitated an assessment of their contributions to sea-level rise and the potential release of nutrients to nearby aquatic environments. In particular, the release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from glacier melt could stimulate microbial activity in both glacial ecosystems and adjacent watersheds, but this would largely depend on the composition of the material released. Using fluorescence and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, we characterize DOM at its natural abundance in unaltered samples from a number of glaciers that differ in geographic location, thermal regime, and sample depth. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling of DOM fluorophores identifies components in the ice that are predominantly proteinaceous in character, while (1)H NMR spectroscopy reveals a mixture of small molecules that likely originate from native microbes. Spectrofluorescence also reveals a terrestrial contribution that was below the detection limits of NMR; however, (1)H nuclei from levoglucosan was identified in Arctic glacier ice samples. This study suggests that the bulk of the DOM from these glaciers is a mixture of biologically labile molecules derived from microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent G Pautler
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Beine H, Anastasio C, Esposito G, Patten K, Wilkening E, Domine F, Voisin D, Barret M, Houdier S, Hall S. Soluble, light-absorbing species in snow at Barrow, Alaska. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Pautler BG, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ, Tseng LH, Spraul M, Dubnick A, Sharp MJ, Fitzsimons SJ. Detection and structural identification of dissolved organic matter in Antarctic glacial ice at natural abundance by SPR-W5-WATERGATE 1H NMR spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:4710-4717. [PMID: 21542577 DOI: 10.1021/es200697c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and is derived from various inputs that control its turnover. Glaciers and ice sheets are the second largest water reservoir in the global hydrologic cycle, but little is known about glacial DOM composition or contributions to biogeochemical cycling. Here we employ SPR-W5-WATERGATE (1)H NMR spectroscopy to elucidate and quantify the chemical structures of DOM constituents in Antarctic glacial ice as they exist in their natural state (average DOC of 8 mg/L) without isolation or preconcentration. This Antarctic glacial DOM is predominantly composed of a mixture of small recognizable molecules differing from DOM in marine, lacustrine, and other terrestrial environments. The major constituents detected in three distinct types of glacial ice include lactic and formic acid, free amino acids, and a mixture of simple sugars and amino sugars with concentrations that vary between ice types. The detection of free amino acid and amino sugar monomer components of peptidoglycan within the ice suggests that Antarctic glacial DOM likely originates from in situ microbial activity. As these constituents are normally considered to be biologically labile (fast cycling) in nonglacial environments, accelerated glacier melt and runoff may result in a flux of nutrients into adjacent ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent G Pautler
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4 Canada
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Herzsprung P, Hertkorn N, Friese K, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Photochemical degradation of natural organic sulfur compounds (CHOS) from iron-rich mine pit lake pore waters--an initial understanding from evaluation of single-elemental formulae using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2909-2924. [PMID: 20857451 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the chemical diversity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in iron-rich mine waters, a variety of sediment pore waters was analysed by means of ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS). A considerable number of the DOM elemental formulae were found to contain sulfur. In a rather simplified experiment, DOM was exposed to sunlight in the presence of dissolved ferric iron, which is common in the oxygenated acidified epilimnetic waters of mine pit lakes. The photochemical alteration of the CHOS (carbon-, hydrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-containing) compounds was then categorised by following the changes in signal intensity of mass peaks. Nearly 20,000 elemental compositions were identified and sorted into the following categories: totally degraded, partially degraded, not significantly degraded, minor new photoproducts, and newly formed photoproducts. A large proportion of the CHOS compounds were found to be entirely degraded; the degradation ratios exceeded those of the CHO compounds. The pools of totally degraded compounds and those of newly formed products were contrasted with respect to photochemically relevant mass differences. These results indicate that photochemical loss of sulfur-containing low molecular weight compounds can be considered likely. One feasible explanation is the photodegradation of sulfonic acids within the CHOS pool eventually leading to the release of sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Herzsprung
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brueckstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Determination of molecular formulas of natural organic matter molecules by (ultra-) high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3687-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gambaro A, Zangrando R, Gabrielli P, Barbante C, Cescon P. Direct Determination of Levoglucosan at the Picogram per Milliliter Level in Antarctic Ice by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1649-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac701655x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Paolo Gabrielli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Paolo Cescon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Walser ML, Desyaterik Y, Laskin J, Laskin A, Nizkorodov SA. High-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of secondary organic aerosol produced by ozonation of limonene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1009-22. [DOI: 10.1039/b712620d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Anastasio C, Robles T. Light absorption by soluble chemical species in Arctic and Antarctic snow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Guzmán MI, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Photolysis of pyruvic acid in ice: Possible relevance to CO and CO2
ice core record anomalies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Guzmán
- Environmental Science & Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. R. Hoffmann
- Environmental Science & Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. J. Colussi
- Environmental Science & Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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