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Zhang J, Ju T, Li B, Li C, Wang J, Xia X, Niu X. Analysis of variation characteristics, transport paths, and influencing factors of atmospheric NO 2 pollution in Western Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1336. [PMID: 37853142 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and air pollution are one of the global environmental problems. It is significant to grasp the air pollution situation of Western Europe in recent 10 years for its or the global pollution control. Based on the OMI tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column density data, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, variation trend, transmission path, and influencing factors of NO2 in 15 countries in Western Europe from 2011 to 2022 are discussed in this paper. Meanwhile, the annual average spatial and temporal distribution in 2023 is predicted by the random forest (RF) model. The results showed that (1) the 12-year spatial distribution map showed an increasing trend from southwest to northeast, with the border area of the Netherlands and Germany and Milan as two high-value areas, and the overall trend over time was that the high-concentration area gradually shrank, the low-concentration area gradually expanded, and the annual average concentration gradually decreased. (2) The inter-month trend presents a "U" shape, with the mean NO2 pollution ranking in winter > autumn > spring > summer. (3) Natural factors are one of the reasons affecting NO2; for instance, NO2 pollution has a strong positive correlation with the lifted index, relative humidity, and wind speed and a moderately strong negative correlation with precipitable water and air temperature. (4) Exogenous atmospheric transport is another important factor affecting the change of NO2 pollution in Western Europe. The HYSPLIT model is used to analyze the backward trajectory of Milan, Italy, and Nijmegen, Netherlands, in the four seasons of 2022. Both are mainly influenced by westerly airflows, and therefore, the transport effect in the atmosphere brings air pollutants from westerly regions in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
| | - Tianzhen Ju
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China.
| | - Bingnan Li
- Faculty of Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Chunxue Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
| | - Xuhui Xia
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
| | - Xiaowen Niu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu province, China
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Azad S, Ghandehari M. Emissions of nitrogen dioxide in the northeast U.S. during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114902. [PMID: 35364514 PMCID: PMC9758611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We have quantified the emissions of Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the Northeast megalopolis of the United States during the COVID-19 lockdown. The measurement of NO2 emission serves as the indicator for the emission of the group of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Approximately 56% of NO2 emissions in the US are from mobile sources, and the remainder is from stationary sources. Since 2002, clean air regulations have resulted in approximately 5% compound annual reduction of NOx emissions in the US (8.2% in the study area). Therefore, when studying the impact of sporadic events like an epidemic on emissions, it is necessary to account for the persistent reduction of emissions due to policy driven emission reduction measures. Using spaceborne sensors, ground monitors, National Emission Inventory data, and the US Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, we quantified the reduction of total NOx emissions, distinguishing stationary sources from on-road mobile sources (trucks and automobiles). When considering total NOx emissions (stationary and mobile combined), we find that the pandemic restrictions resulted in 3.4% reduction of total NOx emissions in the study area in 2020. This is compared to (and in addition to) the expected 8.2% policy driven reduction of NOx emissions in 2020. This somewhat low reduction of emissions is because most stationary sources (factories, power plants, etc.) were operational during the pandemic. Truck traffic, a significant source of mobile emissions, also did not decline significantly (average 4.8% monthly truck traffic reduction in the study area between March and August 2020), as they were delivering goods during the lockdown. On the other hand, automobile traffic, responsible for 24% of total NOx emissions, dropped significantly, 52% in April, returning to near normal after 5 months. While the reduction of automobile traffic was significant, especially in the early months of the pandemic, its effect on emissions was relatively insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Azad
- New York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Masoud Ghandehari
- New York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
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3
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Li J, Wang Y, Zhang R, Smeltzer C, Weinheimer A, Herman J, Boersma KF, Celarier EA, Long RW, Szykman JJ, Delgado R, Thompson AM, Knepp TN, Lamsal LN, Janz SJ, Kowalewski MG, Liu X, Nowlan CR. Comprehensive evaluations of diurnal NO 2 measurements during DISCOVER-AQ 2011: effects of resolution-dependent representation of NO x emissions. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:11133-11160. [PMID: 35949546 PMCID: PMC9359208 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-11133-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO2) play a crucial role in the formation of ozone and secondary inorganic and organic aerosols, thus affecting human health, global radiation budget, and climate. The diurnal and spatial variations in NO2 are functions of emissions, advection, deposition, vertical mixing, and chemistry. Their observations, therefore, provide useful constraints in our understanding of these factors. We employ a Regional chEmical and trAnsport model (REAM) to analyze the observed temporal (diurnal cycles) and spatial distributions of NO2 concentrations and tropospheric vertical column densities (TVCDs) using aircraft in situ measurements and surface EPA Air Quality System (AQS) observations as well as the measurements of TVCDs by satellite instruments (OMI: the Ozone Monitoring Instrument; GOME-2A: Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment - 2A), ground-based Pandora, and the Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper (ACAM) instrument in July 2011 during the DISCOVER-AQ campaign over the Baltimore-Washington region. The model simulations at 36 and 4 km resolutions are in reasonably good agreement with the regional mean temporospatial NO2 observations in the daytime. However, we find significant overestimations (underestimations) of model-simulated NO2 (O3) surface concentrations during night-time, which can be mitigated by enhancing nocturnal vertical mixing in the model. Another discrepancy is that Pandora-measured NO2 TVCDs show much less variation in the late afternoon than simulated in the model. The higher-resolution 4 km simulations tend to show larger biases compared to the observations due largely to the larger spatial variations in NO x emissions in the model when the model spatial resolution is increased from 36 to 4 km. OMI, GOME-2A, and the high-resolution aircraft ACAM observations show a more dispersed distribution of NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) and lower VCDs in urban regions than corresponding 36 and 4 km model simulations, likely reflecting the spatial distribution bias of NO x emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruixiong Zhang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles Smeltzer
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jay Herman
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of
Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K. Folkert Boersma
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the
Netherlands
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University,
Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edward A. Celarier
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD,
USA
| | - Russell W. Long
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research
and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - James J. Szykman
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research
and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Ruben Delgado
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of
Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Travis N. Knepp
- NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA,
USA
| | - Lok N. Lamsal
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Scott J. Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - Xiong Liu
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division,
Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline R. Nowlan
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division,
Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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4
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Sánchez Barranco V, Van der Meer MTJ, Kagami M, Van den Wyngaert S, Van de Waal DB, Van Donk E, Gsell AS. Trophic position, elemental ratios and nitrogen transfer in a planktonic host-parasite-consumer food chain including a fungal parasite. Oecologia 2020; 194:541-554. [PMID: 32803339 PMCID: PMC7683484 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04721-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parasitism is arguably the most commonly occurring consumer strategy. However, only a few food web studies assess how well stable isotopes reflect the trophic position of parasitic consumers and results are variable. Even fewer studies have measured the nutrient transfer by parasitic consumers, hindering an assessment of their role in nutrient transfer through food webs. Here we used a food chain consisting of a diatom as host, a chytrid as its parasitic consumer and a rotifer as the predatory consumer of the chytrid, to assess the trophic position of all three food-chain components using their natural 13C and 15N isotope signatures, and to measure the nitrogen transfer from the host via the chytrid to the rotifer by tracing 15N of a labelled host up the food chain. Additionally, we measured the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios of all food-chain components. Natural isotope abundance results showed no clear 15N enrichment in the chytrid or rotifer relative to the primary producer. However, estimates of nitrogen transfer indicated that about 14% of host nitrogen was transferred per day from host to chytrid during infection epidemics and that some of this nitrogen was also transferred onward to the rotifer. Moreover, C:N ratios decreased with trophic level, suggesting that the chytrid provided a high-quality food source to the rotifer. In conclusion, our results support the “mycoloop”. The mycooloop proposes that chytrid infections allow the transfer of nutrients bound in large, inedible phytoplankton to zooplankton through the production of edible transmission spores, thereby rerouting nutrients back into the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Sánchez Barranco
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel T J Van der Meer
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maiko Kagami
- Graduate Schools of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Silke Van den Wyngaert
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Investigation of Simultaneous Effects of Aerosol Properties and Aerosol Peak Height on the Air Mass Factors for Space-Borne NO2 Retrievals. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Chen Z, Liu C, Liu W, Zhang T, Xu J. A synchronous observation of enhanced aerosol and NO 2 over Beijing, China, in winter 2015. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:429-436. [PMID: 27750139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts into the characterization of air pollution during the past decade, concurrent real-time characterization of aerosol and NO2 as well as satellite observation above the urban canopy in the megacity of Beijing has sparsely been performed to date. We conducted a simultaneous real-time measurement of aerosol and NO2 in urban Beijing in a pollution episode from November 25, 2015 to December 2, 2015. The aerosol extinction coefficient was measured by a 532 Mie lidar and the NO2 concentration by a Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS). The highest aerosol extinction coefficient was 1.55 (±0.16) km-1 at 532m at a height of 0.27km. The high average aerosol extinction was observed throughout the pollution period, probably due to the favorable static weather conditions under high surface high-pressure system and transportation sources. NO2 showed similar temporal variations between ground level and 0.3km, whereas a much weaker diurnal evolution was found for NO2. The boundary layer structures were observed, and the relatively homogeneous mixture maintained the pollution within the layer under 0.5km. Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 products based on well-known DOAS trace gas fitting algorithm and WRF-Chem model further illustrated the simultaneous enhancement of NO2 during the observation period. Backward trajectories suggest that long-range pollution transportation from northwest China contributes more to this pollution event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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7
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Ng NL, Brown SS, Archibald AT, Atlas E, Cohen RC, Crowley JN, Day DA, Donahue NM, Fry JL, Fuchs H, Griffin RJ, Guzman MI, Herrmann H, Hodzic A, Iinuma Y, Jimenez JL, Kiendler-Scharr A, Lee BH, Luecken DJ, Mao J, McLaren R, Mutzel A, Osthoff HD, Ouyang B, Picquet-Varrault B, Platt U, Pye HOT, Rudich Y, Schwantes RH, Shiraiwa M, Stutz J, Thornton JA, Tilgner A, Williams BJ, Zaveri RA. Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:2103-2162. [PMID: 30147712 PMCID: PMC6104845 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by the nitrate radical (NO3) represents one of the important interactions between anthropogenic emissions related to combustion and natural emissions from the biosphere. This interaction has been recognized for more than 3 decades, during which time a large body of research has emerged from laboratory, field, and modeling studies. NO3-BVOC reactions influence air quality, climate and visibility through regional and global budgets for reactive nitrogen (particularly organic nitrates), ozone, and organic aerosol. Despite its long history of research and the significance of this topic in atmospheric chemistry, a number of important uncertainties remain. These include an incomplete understanding of the rates, mechanisms, and organic aerosol yields for NO3-BVOC reactions, lack of constraints on the role of heterogeneous oxidative processes associated with the NO3 radical, the difficulty of characterizing the spatial distributions of BVOC and NO3 within the poorly mixed nocturnal atmosphere, and the challenge of constructing appropriate boundary layer schemes and non-photochemical mechanisms for use in state-of-the-art chemical transport and chemistry-climate models. This review is the result of a workshop of the same title held at the Georgia Institute of Technology in June 2015. The first half of the review summarizes the current literature on NO3-BVOC chemistry, with a particular focus on recent advances in instrumentation and models, and in organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry. Building on this current understanding, the second half of the review outlines impacts of NO3-BVOC chemistry on air quality and climate, and suggests critical research needs to better constrain this interaction to improve the predictive capabilities of atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Lee Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Elliot Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John N. Crowley
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alma Hodzic
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah J. Luecken
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Robert McLaren
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anke Mutzel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans D. Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedicte Picquet-Varrault
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques (LISA), CNRS, Universities of Paris-Est Créteil and ì Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Ulrich Platt
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rebecca H. Schwantes
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brent J. Williams
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rahul A. Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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8
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Schroeder JR, Crawford JH, Fried A, Walega J, Weinheimer A, Wisthaler A, Müller M, Mikoviny T, Chen G, Shook M, Blake DR, Diskin G, Estes M, Thompson AM, Lefer BL, Long R, Mattson E. Formaldehyde column density measurements as a suitable pathway to estimate near-surface ozone tendencies from space. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:13088-13112. [PMID: 32812915 PMCID: PMC7430524 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd025419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In support of future satellite missions that aim to address the current shortcomings in measuring air quality from space, NASA's Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) field campaign was designed to enable exploration of relationships between column measurements of trace species relevant to air quality at high spatial and temporal resolution. In the DISCOVER-AQ data set, a modest correlation (r 2 = 0.45) between ozone (O3) and formaldehyde (CH2O) column densities was observed. Further analysis revealed regional variability in the O3-CH2O relationship, with Maryland having a strong relationship when data were viewed temporally and Houston having a strong relationship when data were viewed spatially. These differences in regional behavior are attributed to differences in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. In Maryland, biogenic VOCs were responsible for ~28% of CH2O formation within the boundary layer column, causing CH2O to, in general, increase monotonically throughout the day. In Houston, persistent anthropogenic emissions dominated the local hydrocarbon environment, and no discernable diurnal trend in CH2O was observed. Box model simulations suggested that ambient CH2O mixing ratios have a weak diurnal trend (±20% throughout the day) due to photochemical effects, and that larger diurnal trends are associated with changes in hydrocarbon precursors. Finally, mathematical relationships were developed from first principles and were able to replicate the different behaviors seen in Maryland and Houston. While studies would be necessary to validate these results and determine the regional applicability of the O3-CH2O relationship, the results presented here provide compelling insight into the ability of future satellite missions to aid in monitoring near-surface air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Schroeder
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Alan Fried
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - James Walega
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gao Chen
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Shook
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Donald R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Glenn Diskin
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Estes
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anne M Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Barry L Lefer
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Now at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Russell Long
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Mattson
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA
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9
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Marchenko S, Krotkov NA, Lamsal LN, Celarier EA, Swartz WH, Bucsela EJ. Revising the slant column density retrieval of nitrogen dioxide observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2015; 120:5670-5692. [PMID: 27708989 PMCID: PMC5034499 DOI: 10.1002/2014jd022913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide retrievals from the Aura/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) have been used extensively over the past decade, particularly in the study of tropospheric air quality. Recent comparisons of OMI NO2 with independent data sets and models suggested that the OMI values of slant column density (SCD) and stratospheric vertical column density (VCD) in both the NASA OMNO2 and Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute DOMINO products are too large, by around 10-40%. We describe a substantially revised spectral fitting algorithm, optimized for the OMI visible light spectrometer channel. The most important changes comprise a flexible adjustment of the instrumental wavelength shifts combined with iterative removal of the ring spectral features; the multistep removal of instrumental noise; iterative, sequential estimates of SCDs of the trace gases in the 402-465 nm range. These changes reduce OMI SCD(NO2) by 10-35%, bringing them much closer to SCDs retrieved from independent measurements and models. The revised SCDs, submitted to the stratosphere-troposphere separation algorithm, give tropospheric VCDs ∼10-15% smaller in polluted regions, and up to ∼30% smaller in unpolluted areas. Although the revised algorithm has been optimized specifically for the OMI NO2 retrieval, our approach could be more broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Marchenko
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMarylandUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMarylandUSA
| | - N. A. Krotkov
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMarylandUSA
| | - L. N. Lamsal
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMarylandUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMarylandUSA
| | - E. A. Celarier
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMarylandUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMarylandUSA
| | - W. H. Swartz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMarylandUSA
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
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10
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Abstract
We report on the evolution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over Spain, focusing on the densely populated cities of Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, Sevilla and Valencia, during 17 years, from 1996 to 2012. This data series combines observations from in-situ air quality monitoring networks and the satellite-based instruments GOME and SCIAMACHY. The results in these five cities show a smooth decrease in the NO2 concentrations of ~2% per year in the period 1996–2008, due to the implementation of emissions control environmental legislation, and a more abrupt descend of ~7% per year from 2008 to 2012 as a consequence of the economic recession. In the whole Spanish territory the NO2 levels have decreased by ~22% from 1996 to 2012. Statistical analysis of several economic indicators is used to investigate the different factors driving the NO2 concentration trends over Spain during the last two decades.
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11
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Assessing the Sensitivity of the OMI-NO2 Product to Emission Changes across Europe. REMOTE SENSING 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/rs5094187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Murray LT, Jacob DJ, Logan JA, Hudman RC, Koshak WJ. Optimized regional and interannual variability of lightning in a global chemical transport model constrained by LIS/OTD satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Mijling B, van der A RJ. Using daily satellite observations to estimate emissions of short-lived air pollutants on a mesoscopic scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Lu Z, Streets DG. Increase in NOx emissions from Indian thermal power plants during 1996-2010: unit-based inventories and multisatellite observations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:7463-70. [PMID: 22732062 DOI: 10.1021/es300831w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Driven by rapid economic development and growing electricity demand, NO(x) emissions (E) from the power sector in India have increased dramatically since the mid-1990s. In this study, we present the NO(x) emissions from Indian public thermal power plants for the period 1996-2010 using a unit-based methodology and compare the emission estimates with the satellite observations of NO(2) tropospheric vertical column densities (TVCDs) from four spaceborne instruments: GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GOME-2. Results show that NO(x) emissions from Indian power plants increased by at least 70% during 1996-2010. Coal-fired power plants, NO(x) emissions from which are not regulated in India, contribute ∼96% to the total power sector emissions, followed by gas-fired (∼4%) and oil-fired (<1%) ones. A number of isolated NO(2) hot spots are observed over the power plant areas, and good agreement between NO(2) TVCDs and NO(x) emissions is found for areas dominated by power plant emissions. Average NO(2) TVCDs over power plant areas were continuously increasing during the study period. We find that the ratio of ΔE/E to ΔTVCD/TVCD changed from greater than one to less than one around 2005-2008, implying that a transition of the overall NO(x) chemistry occurred over the power plant areas, which may cause significant impact on the atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Lu
- Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States.
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15
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Marais EA, Jacob DJ, Kurosu TP, Chance K, Murphy JG, Reeves C, Mills G, Casadio S, Millet DB, Barkley MP, Paulot F, Mao J. Isoprene emissions in Africa inferred from OMI observations of formaldehyde columns. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2012; 12:6219-6235. [PMID: 33688332 PMCID: PMC7939075 DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-6219-2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We use 2005-2009 satellite observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) columns from the OMI instrument to infer biogenic isoprene emissions at monthly 1 × 1° resolution over the African continent. Our work includes new approaches to remove biomass burning influences using OMI absorbing aerosol optical depth data (to account for transport of fire plumes) and anthropogenic influences using AATSR satellite data for persistent small-flame fires (gas flaring). The resulting biogenic HCHO columns (ΩHCHO) from OMI follow closely the distribution of vegetation patterns in Africa. We infer isoprene emission (E ISOP) from the local sensitivity S = ΔΩHCHO / ΔE ISOP derived with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model using two alternate isoprene oxidation mechanisms, and verify the validity of this approach using AMMA aircraft observations over West Africa and a longitudinal transect across central Africa. Displacement error (smearing) is diagnosed by anomalously high values of S and the corresponding data are removed. We find significant sensitivity of S to NOx under low-NOx conditions that we fit to a linear function of tropospheric column NO2. We estimate a 40% error in our inferred isoprene emissions under high-NOx conditions and 40-90% under low-NOx conditions. Our results suggest that isoprene emission from the central African rainforest is much lower than estimated by the state-of-the-science MEGAN inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Marais
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D. J. Jacob
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T. P. Kurosu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K. Chance
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. G. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C. Reeves
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - G. Mills
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - S. Casadio
- Instrument Data quality Evaluation and Analysis (IDEAS), Serco Spa Via Sciadonna 24, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - D. B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - M. P. Barkley
- Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - F. Paulot
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. Mao
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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16
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Prasad AK, Singh RP, Kafatos M. Influence of coal-based thermal power plants on the spatial-temporal variability of tropospheric NO2 column over India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:1891-1907. [PMID: 21573858 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The oxides of nitrogen--NO(x) (NO and NO(2))--are an important constituent of the troposphere. The availability of relatively higher spatial (0.25° grid) and temporal (daily) resolution data from ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) onboard Aura helps us to better differentiate between the point sources such as thermal power plants from large cities and rural areas compared to previous sensors. The annual and seasonal (summer and winter) distributions shows very high mean tropospheric NO(2) in specific pockets over India especially over the Indo-Gangetic plains (up to 14.2 × 10(15) molecules/cm(2)). These pockets correspond with the known locations of major thermal power plants. The tropospheric NO(2) over India show a large seasonal variability that is also observed in the ground NO(2) data. The multiple regression analysis show that the influence of a unit of power plant (in gigawatts) over tropospheric NO(2) (×10(15) molecules/cm(2)) is around ten times compared to a unit of population (in millions) over India. The OMI data show that the NO(2) increases by 0.794 ± 0.12 (×10(15) molecules/cm(2); annual) per GW compared to a previous estimate of 0.014 (×10(15) molecules/cm(2)) over India. The increase of tropospheric NO(2) per gigawatt is found to be 1.088 ± 0.18, 0.898 ± 0.14, and 0.395 ± 0.13 (×10(15) molecules/cm(2)) during winter, summer, and monsoon seasons, respectively. The strong seasonal variation is attributed to the enhancement or suppression of NO(2) due to various controlling factors which is discussed here. The recent increasing trend (2005-2007) over rural thermal power plants pockets like Agori and Korba is due to recent large capacity additions in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K Prasad
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
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17
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Mu M, Randerson JT, van der Werf GR, Giglio L, Kasibhatla P, Morton D, Collatz GJ, DeFries RS, Hyer EJ, Prins EM, Griffith DWT, Wunch D, Toon GC, Sherlock V, Wennberg PO. Daily and 3-hourly variability in global fire emissions and consequences for atmospheric model predictions of carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mu
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - J. T. Randerson
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - G. R. van der Werf
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - L. Giglio
- Department of Geography; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - P. Kasibhatla
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences; Duke University; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - D. Morton
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - G. J. Collatz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - R. S. DeFries
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - E. J. Hyer
- Marine Meteorology Division; Naval Research Laboratory; Monterey California USA
| | - E. M. Prins
- Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - D. W. T. Griffith
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong, New South Wales Australia
| | - D. Wunch
- Divisions of Engineering and Applied Science and Geological and Planetary Science; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - G. C. Toon
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - V. Sherlock
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd.; Wellington New Zealand
| | - P. O. Wennberg
- Divisions of Engineering and Applied Science and Geological and Planetary Science; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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18
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O'Byrne G, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Joiner J, Celarier EA. Surface reflectivity from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to eliminate clouds: Effects of snow on ultraviolet and visible trace gas retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Lamsal LN, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Celarier EA, Bucsela EJ, Boersma KF, Dirksen R, Luo C, Wang Y. Indirect validation of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide retrieved from the OMI satellite instrument: Insight into the seasonal variation of nitrogen oxides at northern midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Volten H, Brinksma EJ, Berkhout AJC, Hains J, Bergwerff JB, Van der Hoff GR, Apituley A, Dirksen RJ, Calabretta-Jongen S, Swart DPJ. NO2lidar profile measurements for satellite interpretation and validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Wang P, Knap WH, Kuipers Munneke P, Stammes P. Clear-sky shortwave radiative closure for the Cabauw Baseline Surface Radiation Network site, Netherlands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Kaynak B, Hu Y, Martin RV, Sioris CE, Russell AG. Comparison of weekly cycle of NO2satellite retrievals and NOxemission inventories for the continental United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Lamsal LN, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Steinbacher M, Celarier EA, Bucsela E, Dunlea EJ, Pinto JP. Ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations inferred from the satellite-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Joiner J. Introduction to special section on Aura Validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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