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Tzortziou M, Loughner CP, Goldberg DL, Judd L, Nauth D, Kwong CF, Lin T, Cede A, Abuhassan N. Intimately tracking NO 2 pollution over the New York City - Long Island Sound land-water continuum: An integration of shipboard, airborne, satellite observations, and models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165144. [PMID: 37391145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution remains a serious global problem, particularly near highly populated urbanized coasts that face increasing challenges with climate change. Yet, the combined impact of urban emissions, pollution transport, and complex meteorology on the spatiotemporal dynamics of NO2 along heterogeneous urban coastlines remains poorly characterized. Here, we integrated measurements from different platforms - boats, ground-based networks, aircraft, and satellites - to characterize total column NO2 (TCNO2) dynamics across the land-water continuum in the New York metropolitan area, the most populous area in the United States that often experiences the highest national NO2 levels. Measurements were conducted during the 2018 Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS), with a main goal to extend surface measurements beyond the coastline - where ground-based air-quality monitoring networks abruptly stop - and over the aquatic environment where peaks in air pollution often occur. Satellite TCNO2 from TROPOMI correlated strongly with Pandora surface measurements (r = 0.87, N = 100) both over land and water. Yet, TROPOMI overall underestimated TCNO2 (MPD = -12%) and missed peaks in NO2 pollution caused by rush hour emissions or pollution accumulation during sea breezes. Aircraft retrievals were in excellent agreement with Pandora (r = 0.95, MPD = -0.3%, N = 108). Stronger agreement was found between TROPOMI, aircraft, and Pandora over land, while over water satellite, and to a lesser extent aircraft, retrievals underestimated TCNO2 particularly in the highly dynamic New York Harbor environment. Combined with model simulations, our shipborne measurements uniquely captured rapid transitions and fine-scale features in NO2 behavior across the New York City - Long Island Sound land-water continuum, driven by the complex interplay of human activity, chemistry, and local scale meteorology. These novel datasets provide critical information for improving satellite retrievals, enhancing air quality models, and informing management decisions, with important implications for the health of diverse communities and vulnerable ecosystems along this complex urban coastline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tzortziou
- Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
| | | | - Daniel L Goldberg
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Laura Judd
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
| | - Dilchand Nauth
- Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Charlotte F Kwong
- Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Alexander Cede
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria; SciGlob Instruments and Services LLC, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Nader Abuhassan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; SciGlob Instruments and Services LLC, Columbia, MD 21046, USA; Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Identification of NO2 and SO2 Pollution Hotspots and Sources in Jiangsu Province of China. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13183742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are important atmospheric trace gases for determining air quality, human health, climate change, and ecological conditions both regionally and globally. In this study, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), total column nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were used from 2005 to 2020 to identify pollution hotspots and potential source areas responsible for air pollution in Jiangsu Province. The study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and variability of NO2 and SO2, the SO2/NO2 ratio, and their trends, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis was performed to identify potential source areas. The spatial distributions showed higher values (>0.60 DU) of annual mean NO2 and SO2 for most cities of Jiangsu Province except for Yancheng City (<0.50 DU). The seasonal analyses showed the highest NO2 and SO2 in winter, followed by spring, autumn, and summer. Coal-fire-based room heating and stable meteorological conditions during the cold season may cause higher NO2 and SO2 in winter. Notably, the occurrence frequency of NO2 and SO2 of >1.2 was highest in winter, which varied between 9.14~32.46% for NO2 and 7.84~21.67% for SO2, indicating a high level of pollution across Jiangsu Province. The high SO2/NO2 ratio (>0.60) indicated that industry is the dominant source, with significant annual and seasonal variations. Trends in NO2 and SO2 were calculated for 2005–2020, 2006–2010 (when China introduced strict air pollution control policies during the 11th Five Year Plan (FYP)), 2011–2015 (during the 12th FYP), and 2013–2017 (the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control (APPC-AC)). Annually, decreasing trends in NO2 were more prominent during the 12th FYP period (2011–2015: −0.024~−0.052 DU/year) than in the APPC-AC period (2013–2017: −0.007~−0.043 DU/year) and 2005–2020 (−0.002 to −0.012 DU/year). However, no prevention and control policies for NO2 were included during the 11th FYP period (2006–2010), resulting in an increasing trend in NO2 (0.015 to 0.031) observed throughout the study area. Furthermore, the implementation of China’s strict air pollution control policies caused a larger decrease in SO2 (per year) during the 12th FYP period (−0.002~−0.075 DU/year) than in the 11th FYP period (−0.014~−0.071 DU/year), the APPC-AC period (−0.007~−0.043 DU/year), and 2005–2020 (−0.015~−0.032 DU/year). PSCF analysis indicated that the air quality of Jiangsu Province is mainly influenced by local pollution sources.
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Recommendations for HCHO and SO2 Retrieval Settings from MAX-DOAS Observations under Different Meteorological Conditions. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13122244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the occurrence of fog and haze over China has increased. The retrieval of trace gases from the multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is challenging under these conditions. In this study, various reported retrieval settings for formaldehyde (HCHO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are compared to evaluate the performance of these settings under different meteorological conditions (clear day, haze, and fog). The dataset from 1st December 2019 to 31st March 2020 over Nanjing, China, is used in this study. The results indicated that for HCHO, the optimal settings were in the 324.5–359 nm wavelength window with a polynomial order of five. At these settings, the fitting and root mean squared (RMS) errors for column density were considerably improved for haze and fog conditions, and the differential slant column densities (DSCDs) showed more accurate values compared to the DSCDs between 336.5 and 359 nm. For SO2, the optimal settings for retrieval were found to be at 307–328 nm with a polynomial order of five. Here, root mean square (RMS) and fitting errors were significantly lower under all conditions. The observed HCHO and SO2 vertical column densities were significantly lower on fog days compared to clear days, reflecting a decreased chemical production of HCHO and aqueous phase oxidation of SO2 in fog droplets.
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Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric NO2 and HCHO During COVID-19 Lockdown and Spring Festival Over Shanghai, China. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13030488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reduced mobility and less anthropogenic activity under special case circumstances over various parts of the world have pronounced effects on air quality. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of reduced anthropogenic activity on air quality in the mega city of Shanghai, China. Observations from the highly sophisticated multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscope (MAX-DOAS) instrument were used for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) column densities. In situ measurements for NO2, ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM2.5) and the air quality index (AQI) were also used. The concentration of trace gases in the atmosphere reduces significantly during annual Spring Festival holidays, whereby mobility is reduced and anthropogenic activities come to a halt. The COVID-19 lockdown during 2020 resulted in a considerable drop in vertical column densities (VCDs) of HCHO and NO2 during lockdown Level-1, which refers to strict lockdown, i.e., strict measures taken to reduce mobility (43% for NO2; 24% for HCHO), and lockdown Level-2, which refers to relaxed lockdown, i.e., when the mobility restrictions were relaxed somehow (20% for NO2; 22% for HCHO), compared with pre-lockdown days, as measured by the MAX-DOAS instrument. However, for 2019, a reduction in VCDs was found only during Level-1 (24% for NO2; 6.62% for HCHO), when the Spring Festival happened. The weekly cycle for NO2 and HCHO depicts no significant effect of weekends on the lockdown. After the start of the Spring Festival, the VCDs of NO2 and HCHO showed a decline for 2019 as well as 2020. Backward trajectories calculated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model indicated more air masses coming from the sea after the Spring Festival for 2019 and 2020, implying that a low pollutant load was carried by them. No impact of anthropogenic activity was found on O3 concentration. The results indicate that the ratio of HCHO to NO2 (RFN) fell in the volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regime.
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Investigating the Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Trace Gases Using Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations in Nanjing, China. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12233939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent lockdowns all over the world have had various impacts on atmospheric quality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the lockdown on the air quality of Nanjing, China. The off-axis measurements from state-of-the-art remote-sensing Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscope (MAX-DOAS) were used to observe the trace gases, i.e., Formaldehyde (HCHO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), along with the in-situ time series of NO2, SO2 and Ozone (O3). The total dataset covers the span of five months, from 1 December 2019, to 10 May 2020, which comprises of four phases, i.e., the pre lockdown phase (1 December 2019, to 23 January 2020), Phase-1 lockdown (24 January 2020, to 26 February 2020), Phase-2 lockdown (27 February 2020, to 31 March 2020), and post lockdown (1 April 2020, to 10 May 2020). The observed results clearly showed that the concentrations of selected pollutants were lower along with improved air quality during the lockdown periods (Phase-1 and Phase-2) with only the exception of O3, which showed an increasing trend during lockdown. The study concluded that limited anthropogenic activities during the spring festival and lockdown phases improved air quality with a significant reduction of selected trace gases, i.e., NO2 59%, HCHO 38%, and SO2 33%. We also compared our results with 2019 data for available gases. Our results imply that the air pollutants concentration reduction in 2019 during Phase-2 was insignificant, which was due to the business as usual conditions after the Spring Festival (Phase-1) in 2019. In contrast, a significant contamination reduction was observed during Phase-2 in 2020 with the enforcement of a Level-II response in lockdown conditions i.e., the easing of the lockdown situation in some sectors during a specific interval of time. The observed ratio of HCHO to NO2 showed that tropospheric ozone production involved Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) limited scenarios.
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Chen Y, Yan H, Yao Y, Zeng C, Gao P, Zhuang L, Fan L, Ye D. Relationships of ozone formation sensitivity with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types, in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 94:1-13. [PMID: 32563472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the influences of precursors emissions, meteorology, geography and other factors, ozone formation sensitivity (OFS) is generally spatially and temporally heterogeneous. This study characterized detailed spatial and temporal variations of OFS in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 2012 to 2016 based on OMI satellite data, and analyzed the relationships of OFS with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types (LUTs). From 2012 to 2016, the OFS tended to be NOx-limited in GBA, with the value of FNR (HCHO/NO2) increasing from 2.04 to 2.22. According to the total annual emission statistics of precursors, NOx emissions decreased by 33.1% and VOCs emissions increased by 35.2% from 2012 to 2016, directly resulting in OFS tending to be NOx-limited. The Grey Relation Analysis results show that total column water (TCW), surface net solar radiation (SSR), air temperature at 2 m (T2) and surface pressure (SP) are the top four meteorological factors with the greatest influences on OFS. There are significant positive correlations between FNR and T2, SSR, TCW, and significant negative correlations between FNR and SP. In GBA, the OFS tends to be NOx-limited regime in wet season (higher T2, SSR, TCW and lower SP) and VOCs-limited regime in dry season (lower T2, SSR, TCW and higher SP). The FNR displays obvious gradient variations on different LUTs, with the highest in "Rural areas", second in "Suburban areas" and lowest in "Urban areas".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yijuan Yao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunling Zeng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Gao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liyue Zhuang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liya Fan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, SCUT, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Abstract
The new-generation sensor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel 5 precursor (S5P) satellite is promising for monitoring air pollutants with greater spatial resolution, especially for China, which suffers from severe pollution. As tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) from TROPOMI have become available since February 2018, this study presents the comparisons of NO2 data measured by TROPOMI and its predecessor Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) over China, together with validation against ground Multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements. At the nationwide scale, we used two different filters performed for the TROPOMI data (named TROPOMI50 and TROPOMI75), and the TROPOMI50 yielded larger values than TROPOMI75. The TROPOMI NO2 datasets from different filters show consistent spatial patterns with OMI, and the correlation coefficient values were both above 0.93. However, linear regression indicates that NO2 loadings in TROPOMI is about 2/3 to 4/5 of those in OMI, which is presumably due to a different cloud mask and uncertainties of air mass factors. The absolute difference is prominent over the high pollution areas such as Jing-Jin-Ji region and during winter and autumn, exceeding 0.6 × 1016 molecules cm−2 (molec cm−2). However, the NO2 concentrations retrieved from TROPOMI50 in the southern China may be somewhat higher than OMI. When it comes to the local-scale Jing-Jin-Ji hotspot, the analysis focuses on a comparison to TROPOMI75. TROPOMI manifests high quality and exhibits a significantly better performance of representing spatial variability. In contrast, OMI shows fewer effective pixels and does a poor job of capturing local details due to its row anomaly and low resolution. The absolute difference between two datasets shows the same seasonal behavior with NO2 variation, which is most striking in the winter (0.31 × 1016 molec cm−2) and is lowest in the summer (0.05 × 1016 molec cm−2). Furthermore, the ground MAX-DOAS instrument in Xianghe station, the representative site in Jing-Jin-Ji, is used to assess the skill of satellite retrievals. It turns out that both OMI and TROPOMI underestimate the observations, ranging from 30% to 50%, with OMI being less biased. In spite of the negative drift, the temporal structures of changes derived from OMI and TROPOMI closely match the ground-based records, since the correlation coefficients are above 0.8 and 0.95 for daily and monthly scales, respectively. Overall, TROPOMI NO2 retrievals are better suited for applications in China as well as the Jing-Jin-Ji hotspot due to its higher spatial resolution, although some improvements are also needed in the near future.
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Choi S, Lamsal LN, Follette-Cook M, Joiner J, Krotkov NA, Swartz WH, Pickering KE, Loughner CP, Appel W, Pfister G, Saide PE, Cohen RC, Weinheimer AJ, Herman JR. Assessment of NO 2 observations during DISCOVER-AQ and KORUS-AQ field campaigns. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2020; 13:10.5194/amt-13-2523-2020. [PMID: 32670429 PMCID: PMC7362396 DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-2523-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ, conducted in 2011-2014) campaign in the United States and the joint NASA and National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) Korea-United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ, conducted in 2016) in South Korea were two field study programs that provided comprehensive, integrated datasets of airborne and surface observations of atmospheric constituents, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), with the goal of improving the interpretation of spaceborne remote sensing data. Various types of NO2 measurements were made, including in situ concentrations and column amounts of NO2 using ground- and aircraft-based instruments, while NO2 column amounts were being derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite. This study takes advantage of these unique datasets by first evaluating in situ data taken from two different instruments on the same aircraft platform, comparing coincidently sampled profile-integrated columns from aircraft spirals with remotely sensed column observations from ground-based Pandora spectrometers, intercomparing column observations from the ground (Pandora), aircraft (in situ vertical spirals), and space (OMI), and evaluating NO2 simulations from coarse Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) and high-resolution regional models. We then use these data to interpret observed discrepancies due to differences in sampling and deficiencies in the data reduction process. Finally, we assess satellite retrieval sensitivity to observed and modeled a priori NO2 profiles. Contemporaneous measurements from two aircraft instruments that likely sample similar air masses generally agree very well but are also found to differ in integrated columns by up to 31.9 %. These show even larger differences with Pandora, reaching up to 53.9 %, potentially due to a combination of strong gradients in NO2 fields that could be missed by aircraft spirals and errors in the Pandora retrievals. OMI NO2 values are about a factor of 2 lower in these highly polluted environments due in part to inaccurate retrieval assumptions (e.g., a priori profiles) but mostly to OMI's large footprint (> 312 km2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyeon Choi
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706,
USA
| | - Lok N. Lamsal
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
21046, USA
| | - Melanie Follette-Cook
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Morgan
State University, Baltimore, MD 20251, USA
| | - Joanna Joiner
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
| | | | - William H. Swartz
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory,
Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Pickering
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Wyat Appel
- Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
27709, USA
| | - Gabriele Pfister
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO
80301, USA
| | - Pablo E. Saide
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, and
Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and
Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Jay R. Herman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,
USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of
Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Detection of Strong NOX Emissions from Fine-scale Reconstruction of the OMI Tropospheric NO2 Product. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11161861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Satellite-retrieved atmospheric NO2 column products have been widely used in assessing bottom-up NOX inventory emissions emitted from large cities, industrial facilities, and power plants. However, the satellite products fail to quantify strong NOX emissions emitted from the sources less than the satellite’s pixel size, with significantly underestimating their emission intensities (smoothing effect). The poor monitoring of the emissions makes it difficult to enforce pollution restriction regulations. This study reconstructs the tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)/Aura (13 × 24 km2 pixel resolution at nadir) over South Korea to a fine-scale product (grid resolution of 3 × 3 km2) using a conservative spatial downscaling method, and investigates the methodological fidelity in quantifying the major Korean area and point sources that are smaller than the satellite’s pixel size. Multiple high-fidelity air quality models of the Weather Research and Forecast-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and the Weather Research and Forecast/Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (WRF/CMAQ) were used to investigate the downscaling uncertainty in a spatial-weight kernel estimate. The analysis results showed that the fine-scale reconstructed OMI NO2 VCD revealed the strong NOX emission sources with increasing the atmospheric NO2 column concentration and enhanced their spatial concentration gradients near the sources, which was accomplished by applying high-resolution modeled spatial-weight kernels to the original OMI NO2 product. The downscaling uncertainty of the reconstructed OMI NO2 product was inherent and estimated by 11.1% ± 10.6% at the whole grid cells over South Korea. The smoothing effect of the original OMI NO2 product was estimated by 31.7% ± 13.1% for the 6 urbanized area sources and 32.2% ± 17.1% for the 13 isolated point sources on an effective spatial resolution that is defined to reduce the downscaling uncertainty. Finally, it was found that the new reconstructed OMI NO2 product had a potential capability in quantifying NOX emission intensities of the isolated strong point sources with a good correlation of R = 0.87, whereas the original OMI NO2 product failed not only to identify the point sources, but also to quantify their emission intensities (R = 0.30). Our findings highlight a potential capability of the fine-scale reconstructed OMI NO2 product in detecting directly strong NOX emissions, and emphasize the inherent methodological uncertainty in interpreting the reconstructed satellite product at a high-resolution grid scale.
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The Spatial–Temporal Variation of Tropospheric NO2 over China during 2005 to 2018. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10080444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, new and strict air quality regulations have been implemented in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the current air pollution situation and effectiveness of actions. In this study, Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite data were used to detect the spatiotemporal characteristics of tropospheric NO2 columns over China from 2005 to 2018, including spatial distribution, seasonal cycles and long-term trends. The averaged NO2 pollution is higher in southeastern China and lower in the northwest, which are well delineated by the Heihe–Tengchong line. Furthermore, the NO2 loadings are highest in the North China Plain, with vertical column density (VCD) exceeding 13 × 1015 molec cm−2. Regarding the seasonal cycle, the NO2 loadings in eastern China is highest in winter and lowest in summer, while the western region shows the opposite feature. The amplitude of annual range increase gradually from the south to the north. If the entire period of 2005–2018 is taken into account, China has experienced little change in NO2. In fact, however, there appears to be significant trends of an increase followed by a downward tendency, with the turning point in the year 2012. In the former episode of 2005–2012, increasing trends overwhelm nearly the whole nation, especially in the Jing–Jin–Tang region, Shandong Province, and Northern Henan and Southern Hebei combined regions, where the rising rates were as high as 1.0–1.8 × 1015 molec cm−2 year−1. In contrast, the latter episode of 2013–2018 features remarkable declines in NO2 columns over China. Particularly, the regions where the decreased degree was remarkable in 2013–2018 were consistent with the regions where the upward trend was obvious in 2005–2012. Overall, this upward–downward pattern is true for most parts of China. However, some of the largest metropolises, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, witnessed a continuous decrease in the NO2 amounts, indicating earlier and more stringent measures adopted in these areas. Finally, it can be concluded that China’s recent efforts to cut NO2 pollution are successful, especially in mega cities.
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Investigating the Effect of Different Meteorological Conditions on MAX-DOAS Observations of NO2 and CHOCHO in Hefei, China. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a ground-based remote sensing instrument was used for observation of the trace gases NO2 and CHOCHO in Hefei, China. Excessive development and rapid economic growth over the years have resulted in the compromising of air quality in this city, with haze being the most prominent environmental problem. This is first study covering observation of CHOCHO in Hefei (31.783° N, 117.201° E). The observation period of this study, i.e., July 2018 to December 2018, is divided into three different categories: (1) clear days, (2) haze days, and (3) severe haze days. The quality of the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) fit for both CHOCHO and NO2 was low during severe haze days due to a reduced signal to noise ratio. NO2 and CHOCHO showed positive correlations with PM2.5, producing R values of 0.95 and 0.98, respectively. NO2 showed strong negative correlations with visibility and air temperature, obtaining R values of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. CHOCHO also exhibited strong negative correlations with temperature and visibility, displaying R values of 0.83 and 0.91, respectively. The average concentration of NO2, CHOCHO, and PM2.5 during haze days was larger compared to that of clear days. Diurnal variation of both CHOCHO and NO2 showed a significant decreasing trend in the afternoons during clear days due to photolysis, while during haze days these two gases started to accumulate as their residence time increases in the absence of photolysis. There was no prominent weekly cycle for both trace gases.
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12
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Javed Z, Liu C, Khokhar MF, Xing C, Tan W, Subhani MA, Rehman A, Tanvir A. Investigating the impact of Glyoxal retrieval from MAX-DOAS observations during haze and non-haze conditions in Beijing. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 80:296-305. [PMID: 30952347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements for Glyoxal (CHOCHO) in Beijing, China (39.95°N, 116.32°E). CHOCHO is the smallest compound of di-carbonyl group. As a primary sink of CHOCHO, its photolysis with NOx (oxides of nitrogen) results in the production of tropospheric ozone. Therefore, the focus of CHOCHO DOAS measurements is increasing in trend. We did the measurements from 09 May 2017 to 09 September 2017. The study was conducted to compare different retrieval settings in order to reveal best DOAS fit settings for CHOCHO; furthermore, effect of haze and non-haze days on CHOCHO concentration was examined. The root mean square of residual and Differential Slant Column density (dSCD) error was reduced when measurements were done with lower wavelength limit around 432-438 nm and upper intervals around 455-460 nm. Thus, lower wavelength intervals around 432-438 nm and upper intervals around 457-460 nm were best for the retrieval of dSCDs for CHOCHO. Meteorological conditions like haze or non-haze days did not have significant effect on DOAS fit parameters. The CHOCHO vertical column densities range from 1.33E+14 to 9.77E+14 molecules/cm2 during the study period with average of 6.16E+14 molecules/cm2. The results indicated that during haze days CHOCHO concentration was higher because of lower rate of photolysis and atmospheric oxidation potential. Our results did not show any significant weekend effect on CHOCHO atmospheric concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Javed
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, USTC, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Muhammad Fahim Khokhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Chengzhi Xing
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmed Subhani
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Aimon Tanvir
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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13
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Estimation of Surface NO2 Volume Mixing Ratio in Four Metropolitan Cities in Korea Using Multiple Regression Models with OMI and AIRS Data. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Ground-Level NO2 Concentrations over China Inferred from the Satellite OMI and CMAQ Model Simulations. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Shabbir Y, Khokhar MF, Shaiganfar R, Wagner T. Spatial variance and assessment of nitrogen dioxide pollution in major cities of Pakistan along N5-Highway. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 43:4-14. [PMID: 27155404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the findings of the first car MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) field campaign (300km long) along the National Highway-05 (N5-Highway) of Pakistan conducted on 13 and 14 November, 2012. The main objective of the field campaign was to assess the spatial distribution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and corresponding concentrations along the N5-Highway from Islamabad to Lahore. Source identification of NO2 revealed that the concentrations were higher within major cities along the highway. The highest NO2 vertical column densities (NO2 VCDs) were found around two major cities of Rawalpindi and Lahore. This study also presents a comparison of NO2 VCDs measured by the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) and car MAX-DOAS observations. The comparison revealed similar spatial distribution of the NO2 columns with both car MAX-DOAS and satellite observations, but the car MAX-DOAS observations show much more spatial details. Maximum NO2 VCD retrieved from car MAX-DOAS observations was up to an order of magnitude larger than the OMI observations in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Shabbir
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Fahim Khokhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Reza Shaiganfar
- Satellite Remote Sensing Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Satellite Remote Sensing Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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Lee HJ, Son YS. Spatial Variability of AERONET Aerosol Optical Properties and Satellite Data in South Korea during NASA DRAGON-Asia Campaign. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3954-3964. [PMID: 26953969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated spatial variability in aerosol optical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine-mode fraction (FMF), and single scattering albedo (SSA), observed at 21 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites and satellite remote sensing data in South Korea during the spring of 2012. These dense AERONET networks established in a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) field campaign enabled us to examine the spatially detailed aerosol size distribution and composition as well as aerosol levels. The springtime particle air quality was characterized by high background aerosol levels and high contributions of coarse-mode aerosols to total aerosols. We found that between-site correlations and coefficient of divergence for AOD and FMF strongly relied on the distance between sites, particularly in the south-north direction. Higher AOD was related to higher population density and lower distance from highways, and the aerosol size distribution and composition reflected source-specific characteristics. The ratios of satellite NO2 to AOD, which indicate the relative contributions of local combustion sources to aerosol levels, represented higher local contributions in metropolitan Seoul and Pusan. Our study demonstrates that the aerosol levels were determined by both local and regional pollution and that the relative contributions of these pollutions to aerosols generated spatial heterogeneity in the particle air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joo Lee
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Youn-Suk Son
- Research Division for Industry & Environment, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, South Korea
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17
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Wang B, Chen Z. High-resolution satellite-based analysis of ground-level PM2.5 for the city of Montreal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1059-1069. [PMID: 26473708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Satellite remote sensing offers the opportunity to determine the spatial distribution of aerosol properties and could fill the gap of ground-level observations. Various algorithms have recently been developed in order to retrieve the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at continental scales. However, they are, to some extent, subject to coarse spatial resolutions which are not appropriate for intraurban scales as usually needed in health studies. This paper presents an improved AOD retrieval algorithm for satellite instrument MODIS at 1-km resolution for intraurban scales. The MODIS-retrieved AODs are used to derive the ground-level PM2.5 concentrations using the aerosol vertical profiles and local scale factors obtained from the GEOS-Chem model simulation. The developed method has been applied to retrieve the AODs and to evaluate the ground-level PM2.5 over the city of Montreal, Canada for 2009 on daily, monthly and annual scales. The daily and monthly results are compared with the monitoring values with correlations R(2) ranging from 0.86 to 0.93. Especially, the annual mean PM2.5 concentrations are in good agreement with the measurement values at all monitoring stations (r=0.96, slope=1.0132 ± 0.0025, intercept=0.5739 ± 0.0013). This illustrates that the developed AOD retrieval algorithm can be used to retrieve AODs at a higher spatial resolution than previous studies to further derive the regional full coverage PM2.5 results at finer spatial and temporal scales. The study results are useful in health risk assessment across this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Wang
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada.
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18
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Chong J, Kim YJ, Gu M, Wagner T, Song CH. Mobile MAX-DOAS observation of NO2 and comparison with OMI satellite data in the western coastal areas of the Korean peninsula. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 143:10-16. [PMID: 26239513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements have been used to retrieve column densities of atmospheric absorbers such as NO2, SO2, HCHO, and O3. In this study, mobile MAX-DOAS measurements were conducted to map the 2-D distributions of atmospheric NO2 in the western coastal areas of the Korean peninsula. A Mini-MAX-DOAS instrument was mounted on the rooftop of a mobile lab vehicle with a telescope mounted parallel to the driving direction, pointing forward. The measurements were conducted from 21 to 24 December 2010 along the western coastal areas from Gomso harbor (35.59N, 126.61E) to Gunsan harbor (35.98N, 126.67E). During mobile MAX-DOAS observations, high elevation angles were used to avoid shades from nearby obstacles. For the determination of the tropospheric vertical column density (VCD), the air mass factor (AMF) was retrieved by the so-called geometric approximation. The NO2 VCDs from 20 and 45 degree elevation angles were retrieved from mobile MAX-DOAS measurements. The tropospheric NO2 VCDs derived from mobile MAX-DOAS measurements were compared directly to those retrieved by the OMI satellite observations. Mobile MAX-DOAS VCD was in good agreement with OMI tropospheric VCD on most days. However, OMI tropospheric VCD was much higher than that of mobile MAX-DOAS on 23 December 2010. One probable reason for this difference is that OMI retrieval might overestimate NO2 VCD under haze conditions, when a pollution plume was transported over the measurement site. The mobile MAX-DOAS observations reveal much finer spatial patterns of NO2 distributions, which can provide useful information for the validation of satellite observation of atmospheric trace gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyo Chong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Young J Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Myojeong Gu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Chul H Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Reed AJ, Thompson AM, Kollonige DE, Martins DK, Tzortziou MA, Herman JR, Berkoff TA, Abuhassan NK, Cede A. Effects of local meteorology and aerosols on ozone and nitrogen dioxide retrievals from OMI and pandora spectrometers in Maryland, USA during DISCOVER-AQ 2011. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 72:455-482. [PMID: 26692598 PMCID: PMC4665808 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-013-9254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An analysis is presented for both ground- and satellite-based retrievals of total column ozone and nitrogen dioxide levels from the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area during the NASA-sponsored July 2011 campaign of Deriving Information on Surface COnditions from Column and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ). Satellite retrievals of total column ozone and nitrogen dioxide from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite are used, while Pandora spectrometers provide total column ozone and nitrogen dioxide amounts from the ground. We found that OMI and Pandora agree well (residuals within ±25 % for nitrogen dioxide, and ±4.5 % for ozone) for a majority of coincident observations during July 2011. Comparisons with surface nitrogen dioxide from a Teledyne API 200 EU NOx Analyzer showed nitrogen dioxide diurnal variability that was consistent with measurements by Pandora. However, the wide OMI field of view, clouds, and aerosols affected retrievals on certain days, resulting in differences between Pandora and OMI of up to ±65 % for total column nitrogen dioxide, and ±23 % for total column ozone. As expected, significant cloud cover (cloud fraction >0.2) was the most important parameter affecting comparisons of ozone retrievals; however, small, passing cumulus clouds that do not coincide with a high (>0.2) cloud fraction, or low aerosol layers which cause significant backscatter near the ground affected the comparisons of total column nitrogen dioxide retrievals. Our results will impact post-processing satellite retrieval algorithms and quality control procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra J. Reed
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Debra E. Kollonige
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Douglas K. Martins
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Maria A. Tzortziou
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Jay R. Herman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Timothy A. Berkoff
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Nader K. Abuhassan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria
| | - Alexander Cede
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- School of Engineering, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
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20
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Varotsos C, Christodoulakis J, Tzanis C, Cracknell A. Signature of tropospheric ozone and nitrogen dioxide from space: A case study for Athens, Greece. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 2014; 89:721-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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21
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Lee HJ, Koutrakis P. Daily ambient NO2 concentration predictions using satellite ozone monitoring instrument NO2 data and land use regression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2305-11. [PMID: 24437539 DOI: 10.1021/es404845f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although ground measurements have contributed to revealing the association between ambient air pollution and health effects in epidemiological studies, exposure measurement errors are likely to be caused because of the sparse spatial distribution of ground monitors. In this study, we estimate daily ground NO2 concentrations in the New England region, U.S., for the period 2005-2010 using satellite remote sensing data in combination with land use regression. To estimate ground-level NO2 concentrations, we constructed a mixed effects model by taking advantage of spatial and temporal variability in satellite Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric column NO2 densities. Using fine-scale land use parameters, we derived NO2 concentrations at point locations, which can be further used for subject-specific exposure estimates in epidemiological studies. A mixed effects model showed a reasonably high predictive power for daily NO2 concentrations (cross-validation R(2) = 0.79). We observed that the model performed similarly in each season, year, and state. The spatial patterns of model estimates reflected emission source areas (such as high populated/traffic areas) in the study region and revealed the seasonal characteristics of NO2. This study suggests that a combination of satellite remote sensing and land use regression can be useful for both spatially and temporally resolved exposure assessments of NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joo Lee
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center West Room 417, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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22
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Strawa AW, Chatfield RB, Legg M, Scarnato B, Esswein R. Improving retrievals of regional fine particulate matter concentrations from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) multisatellite observations. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2013; 63:1434-1446. [PMID: 24558706 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.822838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A combination of multiplatform satellite observations and statistical data analysis are used to improve the correlation between estimates of PM2.5 (particulate mass with aerodynamic diameter less that 2.5 microm) retrieved from satellite observations and ground-level measured PM2.5. Accurate measurements of PM2.5 can be used to assess the impact of air pollution levels on human health and the environment and to validate air pollution models. The area under study is California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) that has a history of poor particulate air quality. Attempts to use simple linear regressions to estimate PM2.5 from satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) have not yielded good results. The period of study for this project was from October 2004 to July 2008 for six sites in the SJV. A simple linear regression between surface-measured PM2.5 and satellite-observed AOD (from MODIS [Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer]) yields a correlation coefficient of about 0.17 in this region. The correlation coefficient between the measured PM2.5 and that retrieved combining satellite observations in a generalized additive model (GAM) resulted in an improved correlation coefficient of 0.77. The model used combinations of MODIS AOD, OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) AOD, NO2 concentration, and a seasonal variable as parameters. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the PM2.5 retrieved using the GAM captures many of the PM2.5 exceedances that were not seen in the simple linear regression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Strawa
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - R B Chatfield
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - M Legg
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA
| | - B Scarnato
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA
| | - R Esswein
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA
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23
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Prasad AK, Singh RP, Kafatos M. Influence of coal-based thermal power plants on the spatial-temporal variability of tropospheric NO2 column over India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:1891-1907. [PMID: 21573858 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The oxides of nitrogen--NO(x) (NO and NO(2))--are an important constituent of the troposphere. The availability of relatively higher spatial (0.25° grid) and temporal (daily) resolution data from ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) onboard Aura helps us to better differentiate between the point sources such as thermal power plants from large cities and rural areas compared to previous sensors. The annual and seasonal (summer and winter) distributions shows very high mean tropospheric NO(2) in specific pockets over India especially over the Indo-Gangetic plains (up to 14.2 × 10(15) molecules/cm(2)). These pockets correspond with the known locations of major thermal power plants. The tropospheric NO(2) over India show a large seasonal variability that is also observed in the ground NO(2) data. The multiple regression analysis show that the influence of a unit of power plant (in gigawatts) over tropospheric NO(2) (×10(15) molecules/cm(2)) is around ten times compared to a unit of population (in millions) over India. The OMI data show that the NO(2) increases by 0.794 ± 0.12 (×10(15) molecules/cm(2); annual) per GW compared to a previous estimate of 0.014 (×10(15) molecules/cm(2)) over India. The increase of tropospheric NO(2) per gigawatt is found to be 1.088 ± 0.18, 0.898 ± 0.14, and 0.395 ± 0.13 (×10(15) molecules/cm(2)) during winter, summer, and monsoon seasons, respectively. The strong seasonal variation is attributed to the enhancement or suppression of NO(2) due to various controlling factors which is discussed here. The recent increasing trend (2005-2007) over rural thermal power plants pockets like Agori and Korba is due to recent large capacity additions in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K Prasad
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
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24
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Emission Ratios of the Tropospheric Ozone Precursors Nitrogen Dioxide and Formaldehyde from Australia’s Black Saturday Fires. ATMOSPHERE 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos2040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Formation and causes of NO x pollution on the east side of the Taihang Mountains in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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David LM, Nair PR. Diurnal and seasonal variability of surface ozone and NOxat a tropical coastal site: Association with mesoscale and synoptic meteorological conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Dirksen RJ, Boersma KF, Eskes HJ, Ionov DV, Bucsela EJ, Levelt PF, Kelder HM. Evaluation of stratospheric NO2retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Intercomparison, diurnal cycle, and trending. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Allen D, Pickering K, Duncan B, Damon M. Impact of lightning NO emissions on North American photochemistry as determined using the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Mazzola M, Lanconelli C, Lupi A, Busetto M, Vitale V, Tomasi C. Columnar aerosol optical properties in the Po Valley, Italy, from MFRSR data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Wang S, Pongetti TJ, Sander SP, Spinei E, Mount GH, Cede A, Herman J. Direct Sun measurements of NO2column abundances from Table Mountain, California: Intercomparison of low- and high-resolution spectrometers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Stone RS, Herber A, Vitale V, Mazzola M, Lupi A, Schnell RC, Dutton EG, Liu PSK, Li SM, Dethloff K, Lampert A, Ritter C, Stock M, Neuber R, Maturilli M. A three-dimensional characterization of Arctic aerosols from airborne Sun photometer observations: PAM-ARCMIP, April 2009. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Russell AR, Valin LC, Bucsela EJ, Wenig MO, Cohen RC. Space-based constraints on spatial and temporal patterns of NO(x) emissions in California, 2005-2008. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:3608-3615. [PMID: 20364869 DOI: 10.1021/es903451j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe ground and space-based measurements of spatial and temporal variation of NO(2) in four California metropolitan regions. The measurements of weekly cycles and trends over the years 2005-2008 observed both from the surface and from space are nearly identical to each other. Observed decreases in Los Angeles and the surrounding cities are 46% on weekends and 9%/year from 2005-2008. Similar decreases are observed in the San Francisco Bay area and in Sacramento. In the San Joaquin Valley cities of Fresno and Bakersfield weekend decreases are much smaller, only 27%, and the decreasing trend is only 4%/year. We describe evidence that the satellite observations provide a uniquely complete view of changes in spatial patterns over time. For example, we observe variations in the spatial pattern of weekday-weekend concentrations in the Los Angeles basin with much steeper weekend decreases at the eastern edge of the basin. We also observe that the spatial extent of high NO(2) in the San Joaquin Valley has not receded as much as it has for other regions in the state. Analysis of these measurements is used to describe observational constraints on temporal trends in emission sources in the different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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Lamsal LN, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Celarier EA, Bucsela EJ, Boersma KF, Dirksen R, Luo C, Wang Y. Indirect validation of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide retrieved from the OMI satellite instrument: Insight into the seasonal variation of nitrogen oxides at northern midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hains JC, Boersma KF, Kroon M, Dirksen RJ, Cohen RC, Perring AE, Bucsela E, Volten H, Swart DPJ, Richter A, Wittrock F, Schoenhardt A, Wagner T, Ibrahim OW, van Roozendael M, Pinardi G, Gleason JF, Veefkind JP, Levelt P. Testing and improving OMI DOMINO tropospheric NO2using observations from the DANDELIONS and INTEX-B validation campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Volten H, Brinksma EJ, Berkhout AJC, Hains J, Bergwerff JB, Van der Hoff GR, Apituley A, Dirksen RJ, Calabretta-Jongen S, Swart DPJ. NO2lidar profile measurements for satellite interpretation and validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Herman J, Cede A, Spinei E, Mount G, Tzortziou M, Abuhassan N. NO2column amounts from ground-based Pandora and MFDOAS spectrometers using the direct-sun DOAS technique: Intercomparisons and application to OMI validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kim SW, Heckel A, Frost GJ, Richter A, Gleason J, Burrows JP, McKeen S, Hsie EY, Granier C, Trainer M. NO2columns in the western United States observed from space and simulated by a regional chemistry model and their implications for NOxemissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lamsal LN, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Steinbacher M, Celarier EA, Bucsela E, Dunlea EJ, Pinto JP. Ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations inferred from the satellite-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Brinksma EJ, Pinardi G, Volten H, Braak R, Richter A, Schönhardt A, van Roozendael M, Fayt C, Hermans C, Dirksen RJ, Vlemmix T, Berkhout AJC, Swart DPJ, Oetjen H, Wittrock F, Wagner T, Ibrahim OW, de Leeuw G, Moerman M, Curier RL, Celarier EA, Cede A, Knap WH, Veefkind JP, Eskes HJ, Allaart M, Rothe R, Piters AJM, Levelt PF. The 2005 and 2006 DANDELIONS NO2and aerosol intercomparison campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wenig MO, Cede AM, Bucsela EJ, Celarier EA, Boersma KF, Veefkind JP, Brinksma EJ, Gleason JF, Herman JR. Validation of OMI tropospheric NO2column densities using direct-Sun mode Brewer measurements at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Joiner J. Introduction to special section on Aura Validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bucsela EJ, Perring AE, Cohen RC, Boersma KF, Celarier EA, Gleason JF, Wenig MO, Bertram TH, Wooldridge PJ, Dirksen R, Veefkind JP. Comparison of tropospheric NO2from in situ aircraft measurements with near-real-time and standard product data from OMI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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